Chapter 17 Chapter Fourteen The Split of the Later Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms

In 189 AD, Emperor Ling died.Empress He of Lingdi gave birth to a son, Bian.The beauty Wang, the childbearing association.Emperor Ling was interested in Xie, but collapsed before he could make a decision, and belonged to Jian Shuo, an eunuch in Xie.This Jian Shuo probably has some martial arts.When the Yellow Turban Bandits started, the Han Dynasty trained troops in the capital and set up eight captains. Jian Shuo was the captain of the army, so Emperor Ling entrusted him with the task of abolishing the heirs and establishing the concubines.However, this is an illegal thing. If the emperor does it himself, he will inevitably be opposed by others, let alone after his death?Naturally, this cannot be resolved by legal means.Jian Shuo wanted to ambush and kill Empress He's elder brother, General He Jin, and then make trouble.The matter was not confidential, and He Jin knew about it, so he joined his troops and refused to go to court.Jian Shuo had nothing to do, but Bian was able to ascend the throne, which was to abolish the emperor.He Jin killed Jian Shuo because he wanted to punish the eunuch.But the He family was humble and had always respected eunuchs.Empress Dowager He's mother and He Jin's brother were bribed by eunuchs to speak well for them in front of the Empress Dowager.The Queen Mother therefore insisted on refusing.He Jin had no choice but to call foreign soldiers into Beijing in order to coerce the Queen Mother.The eunuch was in a hurry, so he lured him into the palace and killed him.He Jin's subordinates raised their troops to punish the eunuchs.There was chaos in the capital, and Dong Zhuoshi from Liangzhou arrived and marched into the capital with his troops, so he had all the power in his hands.Dong Joo is just bandit material.He abolished the abolished emperor and established Xie as the emperor in order to dedicate the emperor.Shandong prefectures raised troops against him, so he moved the emperor to Chang'an, close to his hometown, in order to resist.In fact, Dongfang Prefectures and counties have their own intentions, and they all occupy territory, and they have no intention of marching into the army to pursue it.Later, Situ Wangyun joined forces with Dong Zhuo's trusted general Lu Bu and killed Dong Zhuo.Dong Zhuo's generals Li Jue and Guo Si returned to avenge Dong Zhuo.Lu Bu fled and Wang Yun was killed.Li Jue and Guo Si attacked each other again, and the central government of the Han Dynasty was untied from then on, and could no longer command the whole country.

Separate regimes in various places: There is Gongsun Zan in Youzhou.There is Yuan Shao in Jizhou.Yanzhou has Cao Cao.Xuzhou was originally Tao Qian, and later became a battleground between Liu Bei and Lu Bu.Yangzhou, in present-day Shou County, was occupied by Yuan Shu, while Jiangdong was occupied by Sun Ce.There is Liu Biao in Jingzhou.There is Liu Yan in Yizhou.The larger ones are located in the central plains, while the smaller and remote ones include Zhanglu in Hanzhong, Ma Teng and Han Sui in Liangzhou, and Gongsundu in Liaodong.At that time, the political center of gravity was in Shandong (the so-called Shandong in ancient books refers to the east of Huashan, and today's Henan and Shandong are included).Yuan Shao defeated Gongsun Zan and occupied Bingzhou, the largest territory, and Cao Cao was the most talented.Emperor Xian fled back to Luoyang because he could not bear the oppression of Li Jue and Guo Si. He was poor and unable to stand on his own, so he called Cao Cao into the guard, and Cao moved Emperor Xian to Xuchang.Liu Bei was defeated by Lu Bu and fled back to Cao Cao. Cao Cao joined forces with him and killed Lu Bu.Yuan Shu was unable to stand on his own because of his excessive debauchery, and wanted to return to Yuan Shao. Cao Cao ordered Liu Bei to invite him to attack him, so Shu retreated and died.Liu Bei rebelled against Cao, and Cao defeated him again.Henan is slightly determined.In 200 A.D., Yuan Shao moved his troops to the south and confronted Cao Cao at Guandu (the name of the city, in the north of Zhongmou County, Lingnan), and was defeated by Cao Cao.Shao was furious.In 205 A.D., Shao's two sons were destroyed by Cao Cao.So the north has no one to fight against. In 208, Cao Nan conquered Jingzhou.Liu Biaoshi died, and his youngest son, Cong, descended to Xiangyang (now Xiangyang County, Hubei, which was ruled by Jingzhou at that time).When Liu Bei was in Jingzhou, he went to Jiangling.Fuck chasing and defeating it.Beiben Liubiao's eldest son, Qiyu Jiangxia (Han County, in the later Han Dynasty, the county government is in Huanggang County, Hubei Province), joined forces with Sun Quan, and was defeated in Chibi (mountain name, in Jiayu County, Hubei Province).So Liu Bei stationed troops in Jingzhou, and Sun Quan also coveted the land.The backup took advantage of Liu Yan's son Liu Zhang and captured Yizhou.Sun Quan wanted to attack Jingzhou, Liu Bei made peace with him and divided Jingzhou equally.At that time Ma Chao and Han Sui, the sons of Ma Teng, rebelled, and Cao Cao defeated them.Zhang Lu surrendered again.Liu Bei took Hanzhong from the north.Cao Cao fought against himself, but couldn't overcome it, so he had to retreat.The world is gradually becoming three-thirds.When Liu Bei met Zhuge Liang for the first time, Zhuge Liang made a plan for him, which was to occupy Jingzhou and Yizhou, and the world changed.The situation at this time is quite in line with this condition.Bei Nai ordered Guan Yu to make a northern expedition from Jingzhou to take Xiangyang. The north was quite shaken, but Sun Quan sent troops to attack Jiangling, and Yu returned to save him, but was killed by Quan.Liu Bei was angry, and he attacked the power with his soldiers, and was defeated in Xiaoting (in the west of Yidu County, Hubei today).So Jingzhou all entered Wu.Beixuan died of shame and anger in 223 AD.First, in 220, when Cao Cao died, Zipi usurped Han and became Emperor Wen of Wei.The next year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Shu, and he was Emperor Zhaolie of Shu Han.Sun Quan did not proclaim himself emperor until 229, as Emperor Wu.The world has officially become a three-thirds bureau.Shu is the smallest, with only present-day Sichuan province, and its Yunnan and Guizhou provinces are all undeveloped lands.Although Wu came down from Jiangling and occupied all the south of the Yangtze River, the civilization of Jiangnan at that time was far behind the north.Therefore, among the Three Kingdoms, Wei is the strongest, and Wu and Shu often work together to resist it.

The split of the Three Kingdoms can be said to be caused by two kinds of psychology.One is the feudal Yu Xi.People's hearts cannot be changed suddenly.In the feudal era, there was a mentality of being loyal to one's own monarch. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, although they were unified, such views have not been completely eliminated.Just look at the scholar-bureaucrats in the Han Dynasty, those who served in the states and counties, all regarded their chiefs as kings, called their organs as the dynasty, and they were loyal to them when they had something to do, and they were obedient to them when they died.Another is the toughness of the southern atmosphere.During the Chibi War, Sun Quan had no need to unite with Liu Bei to resist Cao Cao.Therefore, the literati at that time were prudent and concerned about the overall situation, such as Zhang Zhao, etc., all advocated surrender.Only Zhou Yu and Lu Su advocated resistance and agreed with Sun Quan. "Three Kingdoms" contains Zhou Yu's words, saying that Cao Cao's name is Han Xiang, but he is actually a Han thief.Soochow, the monarchs and ministers, from the beginning to the end, have done anything that the Han Dynasty has in their minds?Who do you want to deceive by saying this?In the atmosphere of the Soochow court at that time, how could these words have any effect?Throughout his life, Sun Quan admired Zhou Yu the most, followed by Lu Su.When Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor, he said that Lu Zijing had made such a proposal a long time ago, and Zhou Yu knew that Lu Su was like this.Why support Sun Quan as emperor?There is absolutely no reason for this, but it is just a kind of stubbornness, unwilling to be subordinated to others, and Sun Quan's desire to be emperor from the beginning is nothing more than an ambition without weight.The Battle of Chibi was the key to the three divisions of the world. It took place in 208 A.D., and it was not until 280 AD that Jin defeated Wu, and the world was united. Because of this brutal mentality, the war was prolonged for seventy-two years.

Liu Bei's heir was weak and weak, so he entrusted himself to Zhuge Liang.Zhuge Liang was determined to restore the Central Plains; moreover, the state of Shu was not based on offense for defense, nor could it stand on its own. Therefore, after the death of the former lord, Zhuge Liang made peace with Wu Qi and sent troops to attack Wei year after year.Except when Zhuge Ke was assisting the government, Wu Ze mostly engaged in small battles on the battlefield.After Cao Cao's defeat in Chibi, he changed his strategy to the southeast from what is now Anhui.During the Three Kingdoms period, both Wu and Wei used troops in this area, and neither of them had great success.Emperor Wen of Wei had no talent at first.After his death, his son, Emperor Ming, succeeded him. He was extravagant and extravagant, and the government worsened.At that time, Sima Yi led troops to confront Zhuge in Guanzhong many times, and pacified Liaodong.After the death of Emperor Ming, his son Qi Wangfang was young, and Sima Yi and Cao Shuang were both assisted by the imperial edict.At the beginning, the power was reserved by Cao Shuang.Sima Yi pretended not to be sick, but secretly used tricks to overthrow Cao Shuang, and then took all the power into his hands.After Sima Yi's death, his sons Sima Shi and Sima Zhao successively took control of the court.Yangzhou raised troops against Sima three times, but failed.After Zhuge Liang's death in Shu, Jiang Wan and Fei Yi succeeded him, and it was no longer possible to send troops to the north.After Fei Yi's death, Jiang Wei succeeded him. He sent troops to the Northern Expedition every year without success, and the people's strength was quite exhausted.The queen trusted eunuchs again, and the political situation gradually deteriorated.Sima Zhao took this opportunity and sent troops to destroy Shu in 263.After Sima Zhao's death, his son Sima Yan succeeded him and usurped Wei in 265 as Emperor Wu of Jin.In 280, Wu was destroyed and China was unified.