Chapter 7 Chapter Four: Deeds of Xia Yin and Western Zhou Dynasty

The deeds of the Xia Dynasty are passed down to later generations, such as the loss of Taikang and the revival of Shaokang.This incident, according to "Zuo Zhuan", "Book of Zhou", "Mozi", "Chu Ci" ("Zuo Zhuan" Xiang Gong four years, Ai Gong year, "Zhou Shu·Tasting Mai Jie", "Mo Zi Fei Le, "Songs of Chu Li Sao"), this is roughly the case.Qi, the son of Yu, was devoid of music and food.After his death, five of his sons, Taikang and his brothers, rose up to cause chaos for the sake of Wuguan.As a result, Taikang lost its country, and both the people and the political power fell into the hands of the poor Houyi.Taikang passed on to his younger brother Zhongkang, and Zhongkang passed on to his son (at this time in the Xia Dynasty, what was lost was the throne, not the throne, so it was still passed on).Yi was killed by Ju Hanzhuo because he was wandering in the field due to shortage.Han Yun took Yi's concubine and gave birth to two sons: one named Piao and the other named Bin.At this time, the Xia Dynasty relied on the country of the same surname to pour water and pour water.The envoy of Han Yun wiped them all out, and also the Prime Minister Xia.The envoy lives in the place called Zuo Zuo, and the pig lives in the place called Zuo Ge.Xia Houxiang's queen was the daughter of still country. When Xiang was destroyed, she was pregnant and fled back to her mother's house. She gave birth to a son for Shaokang.Became Muzheng of the country.Han Yun heard that he was talented, so he went to look for him.Shaokang fled to Yu State.The monarch of Yu State married his two daughters to him, and granted him the land called Lun.There was a man named Mi who, when Yi died, fled to the Youge family. From the Youge family, he collected the rest of the people who poured water and poured water, and wiped out Hanyun.Shaokang killed the water, and Shaokang's son Zhu also killed the pig.Poor countries perish.Although this event has the nature of some myths and legends, its outline is still quite clear, and it can be used to deduce the situation of the Xia Dynasty.The old interpretation of the land is completely unfounded. "Zuo Zhuan" says that "Hou Yi moved to Qiongshi himself", and also said that Yi "replaced Xia government because of the Xia people", so Qiongshi is not the capital of the Xia Dynasty, but it must be similar to the capital of the Xia Dynasty. "Road History" said that there are poor valleys and poor water in Anfeng, which is the location of the poor country, which is located in Huoqiu County, Anhui today. "Hanshu Geography" and "Notes" quoted Ying Shao as saying: Youqiong is the country with the surname Yan, after Gaotao.According to "Historical Records: The Chronicles of the Five Emperors", after Gaotao, they were all sealed in Lu'an, Anhui.Can't pass the test.Ge, according to "Zuo Zhuan", is located between Song and Zheng (see "Zuo Zhuan" in the twelfth year of Duke Ai). "Spring and Autumn" In the fifth year of Duke Huan, the king of heaven sent still uncle's son to hire him. Still, "Gu Liang" served as the post, and the place is in Jining County, Shandong Province.The State of Yu was the descendant of Yu Shun, and it was said to be in Yucheng County, Henan today. "Book of Zhou" called the five Taikang brothers "the five sons of Yin".He also said: "The emperor mourns Yu, bestows Pengshou, and thinks about Zhengxia." Xialuozhiyang. The word “official palace” was commonly used in ancient times. To be an official town means to build houses and city walls. The capital city of the Shang Dynasty was called Bo.Peng Shou should have founded his country in Pengcheng.According to the "Shiben", Yangcheng, the capital of Yu, is located in Dengfeng County, Henan Province today, so the westward migration may not be so fast.Taking a comprehensive look at the events from Taikang to at least Kang, it seems that the base of the Xia Dynasty was originally in the west of Anhui, and gradually migrated to Henan. district city.Duyang City should be a matter for the descendants of the Xia Dynasty, not for the time of Yu.From Lu'an to Huoqiu, the terrain is relatively high, and they moved here from northern Jiangsu and southern Shandong to avoid floods, and because of the turmoil of the war, they moved northwest to Henan.

But at this time, the power in the east was not weak, so the Xia Dynasty died in the Shang Dynasty.The name of the first ancestor of the Shang Dynasty was granted to Shang.Zheng Xuan said that the place is in Dahua Zhiyang, which is now Shang County in Shaanxi, which is too far away. "Historical Records Yin Benji" said: "From Qi to Chengtang eight times." "Shiben" said that Qi lived in Fan, Qi's son Zhaoming lived in Chashi, and Zhaoming's son Xiangtu lived in Shangqiu. Yang Xiong's "Yanzhou Muzhen" said: " Cheng Tang moved five times, and the death returned to Bo", the sum is exactly eight.Fan is the Fan County of the Han Dynasty, which is now Teng County in Shandong.Shangqiu, then the capital of the Song Dynasty, is now Shangqiu County in Henan.It is difficult to study the five relocations.According to "Lu Lan·Shen Da" and "Possession", Zetang tasted Juwei, which is now Hua County in Henan. "Chunqiu Fanlu·Three Dynasties Restructuring Zhiwen Pian" said that "Tang was ordered to be king, and he became an official town in Xialuo Zhiyang", which is the land of Boyin. "Poetry Shang Song" says: "Wei, Gu Jifa, Kunwu, Xia Jie." Gu is in Fan County, Shandong today.Kunwu, according to "Zuo Zhuan" in the twelfth year of Zhaogong, "Biography" Chu Lingwang said, "My uncle Kunwu used to be a house in the old days." It should be in Xuchang County, Henan Province. The view of the state-owned Kunwu, Wei Guo At this time, in Puyang County, Hebei today, Kunwu seems to have moved from Hebei to Henan. "Historical Records Yin Benji" said: "Tang used his ax to cut Kunwu, and then he cut Jie." If there is still a meeting, there will be rebellion." "Han Feizi Shiguo Pian" also has this saying, if you still act as a scorpion, there will be a scorpion, and there will be a still.Mingtiao is the place where Shun died, which has been seen in the previous chapter.According to all views, the Shang Dynasty seems to have prospered between Shandong and Henan. Tang first pacified the northern border of Henan, and then attacked Jie in the south. After Jie was defeated, he fled to the southeast.Guan Jiezhi did not go west but fled east. It can be seen that the land west of Yi and Luo has not yet been opened up at this time.

According to "Xia Benji" and "Yin Benji" in "Historical Records", there were seventeen generations in the Xia Dynasty, and thirty generations in the Shang Dynasty.The reason why the Shang Dynasty had more generations than the Xia Dynasty is probably because it also practiced the system of brotherhood and brotherhood.The later state of Lu, before Duke Zhuang, was born once in a lifetime, and the state of Wu also had the law that brothers would end up with younger brothers, see Chapter 38. This is enough to prove that the Shang Dynasty originated in the East.The deeds of the Shang Dynasty are slightly more than those of the Xia Dynasty.According to "Historical Records": After Cheng Tang, the fourth generation of Da Jia, the ninth generation of Da Wu, the thirteenth generation of Zu Yi, the nineteenth generation of Pan Geng, and the twenty-second generation of Wu Ding were all virtuous monarchs, and Wu Ding's , especially powerful.The capital of the Shang Dynasty was relocated many times.The tenth generation Zhong Ding moved to Yudi, which is now in Xingze County, Henan Province. But the ancient books are written by people from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, especially most of them were written down by the people of the Han Dynasty, so most of the places used are the place names at that time, so the interpretation places in the ancient books are similar to the place names in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, and Han Dynasty. It must be more credible. For example, Xingze County today was located in Ao Cang between the Qin and Han Dynasties, so it is more reliable to explain the location of Zhongding’s relocation. This is a general rule in the history of ancient times, and cannot One said, it is specially made here).The twelfth generation of Hequan Jia residence minister, in present-day Neihuang County, Henan.The thirteenth generation Zu Yi moved to Xing, which is now Xingtai County, Hebei.It was not until Pan Geng that he moved back to Boyin, Chengtang's former residence.The twenty-seventh generation Wu Yi returned to Bo to live in Hebei.In Xiaotun Village in the north of Anyang County, Henan Province today, the place where tortoise shells and animal bones were found, according to historians' research, the place is the so-called Yin Ruins in "Historical Records Xiang Yu Benji", whether it was the capital of Wu Yi.Up to the thirtieth generation, the last monarch, Zhou, lived in Chaoge, in present-day Qixian County, Henan Province.Looking at the capitals of the Shang Dynasty, they are all located on both sides of the Yellow River in Henan Province today, and they are still the old view of Tang Jumei, who camped in Luozhiyang.The power of the Zhou Dynasty penetrated deeper into the northwest.

The first ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty, named Qi, was an official in Ji during the time of Shun, and he was granted the title of Tai.After several generations, until he failed, lost his official position, and ran between Rong and Di.It was passed on to Gongliu, Jubin, who was still engaged in agriculture.It was passed down ten times to Gugong Danfu, who was forced by Di again to move to the foot of Qishan Mountain.Tai, the old saying is Wugong County in present-day Shaanxi.Bin is present-day Bin County in Shaanxi, and Qi is present-day Qishan County in Shaanxi.According to Qian Mu, a close friend, "Zuo Zhuan" said that Tai Tai, the descendant of the Jintian clan, was enfeoffed in Fenchuan in the first year of Zhaogong in "Zuo Zhuan". It is named after the title of Tai Tai, and it is all in the territory of Shanxi today.Dan's father crossed Liangshan and came to Qi. Liangshan is in Hancheng County, Shaanxi, and Qishan should not be far from Liangshan (see the book "Geography in the Early Zhou Dynasty").According to his statement, later Wen Wang Jufeng and Wu Wang Juhao, within the boundaries of Huxian County, Shaanxi Province, did not go east, but went west.The river, Fenxialiu and Weishui basins are the most fertile. The Zhou Dynasty was an agricultural tribe, and since then it has expanded westward, which fits well with the situation.Gugong Danfu was also known as the Taiwang, and he was strong until the Zhou Dynasty.It is said that the youngest son Ji Li and King Wen said that he "has the second third of the world" (see "Taibo Part Two").King Wen's son, King Wu, destroyed Zhou.During King Wen’s time, he broke Qi State, and the people of Yin raised fears. King Wu crossed Mengjin and fought against Zhou. In the south of Mengxian County, Henan Province, King Wu probably came here from Tongguan, which shows the direction of development from west to east in the early Zhou Dynasty.However, although King Wu defeated Zhou, he failed to destroy the Shang Dynasty. He still entrusted his son Wu Geng with the land of Zhou, and made his younger brothers Guan Shu and Cai Shu supervise him.Wu Wang collapsed, his son became Wang You, Wu Wang's younger brother Zhou Gong regented, and Guan, Cai, and Wu Geng all rebelled.According to "Zhou Shu·Zuo Luo Jie", it was a traitor of the time, and there were Xu, Yan, Xiong and Ying.Xu is the later Xu State, located in the Sishui River Basin, Yan is the later Lu State, Xiong is the clan of the Chu State, and Ying is the surname of the Qin State.It can be seen that the princes of the East are all obeying Shang and not Zhou at this time.However, at this time, the Zhou Dynasty was quite new.Duke Zhou himself marched eastward, pacified Wu Geng, Uncle Guan, and Uncle Cai, and wiped out the kingdom of Yan.He also made his son Boqin pacify Huaiyi and Xu Rong.Therefore, the duke of Zhou was entrusted to Lu, and Boqin was appointed to the country, and the grand duke Wang was entrusted to Qi, and Luoyang was managed as the eastern capital. The old forces in the east were overwhelmed by the new forces in the west.After Zhou Gong ruled the East, it is said that he made rites and played music, and took the regent for seven years, and returned to King Cheng.After Zhou Gong's death, it is said that there was a so-called "thunder wind change".This matter can be seen in the "Jin Teng Chapter" of "Book of Books".According to the old saying: When King Wu was ill, the Duke of Zhou asked him to take his place and hid Zhu Ce in the golden chamber.Duke Zhou died, and King Cheng was buried with the ceremony of being a minister.There was a heavy thunderstorm and strong winds, the fields and crops fell, and the big trees were pulled out.King Cheng was so frightened that he opened Jin Teng's deficiencies, and only then did he know that Duke Zhou had asked King Wu to replace him, so he buried Duke Zhou with a king's ceremony, and the catastrophe ended.According to Zheng Xuan, three years after the death of King Zewu, when King Cheng was fully served, he claimed that he was young and asked Duke Zhou to be regent.After the regency, Uncle Guan and Uncle Cai spread rumors, saying that Duke Zhou avoided living in the Eastern Capital if it was not conducive to becoming king.King Cheng insisted on Duke Zhou's belonging to the party.It was only after encountering the change of Lei Feng that he invited Duke Zhou back.Zhou Gong is regent.This statement is quite unreasonable, but it is not entirely false. According to Zuo Zhuan, in the seventh year of Zhao Gong, Zhao Gong was going to Chu State, and dreamed that Xiang Gong saw him off.Zifu Huibo said: "The ancestors of the ancestors were not suitable for Chu, so the ancestors of the Duke of Zhou used the Tao, and the Duke of Xiang adapted to Chu, and the ancestors used the Tao as the monarch." According to this, the Duke of Zhou had been to Chu, and "Historical Records: Biography of Meng Tian", There is also a saying that the Duke of Zhou went to Chu. I doubt that the Duke of Zhou's flight to Chu and his party were executed after returning to power.Later, for some reason, he returned to the Zhou Dynasty.Whether the Duke of Zhou died a good death is also quite suspicious. After killing a person, he went to court him because of superstition. This is a common thing in barbaric times, so it is not surprising.In this way, the two theories can be combined into one.The state of Chu was enfeoffed in Danyang, and its location was at the meeting point of the Dan and Xi rivers (Song Xiangfeng said, see "Guo Ting Lu·Chu Yanxiong Ju Danyang Wu Wang moved to Ying Kao"), just on the way from the southeast of Wuguan, according to Zhou Gong With the matter of going to Chu, we can see another line of Zhou Chu's development.

The time of King Cheng and his son King Kang was called the heyday of the Western Zhou Dynasty.Kang Wang's son, Zhao Wang, "did not return on the southern tour, and died on the river" ("Historical Records·Zhou Benji").This word jiang is also a general term for water in the south.In fact, King Zhao was defeated by attacking Chu and drowned in the Han River, so later Qi Huangong attacked Chu and questioned the matter to Chu State (see "Zuo Zhuan" Xi Gong four years).The external power of the Zhou Dynasty began to suffer.The prince of Zhao, King Mu, marched west to the dog army.At that time, Xu Yan Wang Qiang said in "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty Dongyi Biography" that he "led the nine barbarians to defeat Zongzhou, and went west to the river". I don't know the basis for this statement in "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" ("Bowuzhi" also contains the story of King Xu Yan, but the basis of "Houhanshu" is not "Bowuzhi", it should be based on a certain ancient theory) . "Book of Rites Tan Gong Part II" contains Xu Guorongju's words, saying, "In the past, my ancestor King Ju, went west to ask for help from the river."King Ju is suspected to be King Yan, so the theory in "Book of Later Han" is not entirely false. The subdued East wants to restore its old trend.However, King Mu sent Chu to attack Xu, and King Yan died, but he was still subdued by the West.King Mu was the hero of the Zhou Dynasty, and he had been on the throne for a long time. At that time, the momentum of the Zhou Dynasty was quite strong. After the death of King Mu, there was no such grand occasion.King Mu was passed on five times to King Li; because of tyranny, he was expelled by the people of the country and lived abroad for fourteen years.The officials of the Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong, were in charge of the administration of the country, which is called the republic.King Li died outside before his son King Xuan was established.King Xuan was known as Zhongxing, but during his thirty-nine years of reign, he fought thousands of times with Jiang's army and was defeated by him.In present-day Jiexiu County in Shanxi, the Zhou Dynasty was unable to control the area across the river, and the power of the Rong and Di in the West gradually rose.As far as King Ziyou was concerned, he was destroyed by Quan Rong and Shen Guo in Nanyang.The demise of King You, as recorded in "Records of the Historian", is quite absurd, and it is by no means the truth. "Zuo Zhuan" records the words of the princes of the Zhou Dynasty to the princes in the twenty-sixth year of Zhaogong, saying that at this time, "the princes will take the king's life, and the princes will replace him, and the king's heir will be established, and he will be moved to the palace" (that is, the land of the eastern capital, See "Zuo Zhuan" Xuangong three years).After the death of King Zeyou, there was another King Xie in the land of Xiji.At that time, the Zhou Dynasty seemed to have both internal and external troubles.Xie Wang was abolished by the princes, and the Zhou Dynasty could no longer control the land of Xiji.Moreover, Jiexiu was defeated; the road from Wuguan to Dan and Xi was blocked, and only Dongji still had considerable influence.King Ping then moved to Luoyang, known as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, which happened in 770 BC.