Chapter 70 Chapter 69

Qiantang River, also known as Zhijiang and Zhejiang.Therefore, Zhejiang Province got its name from the Qiantang River.From the perspective of Feng Shui, the two characters of Zhejiang are three points of water, so Zhejiang is a province that needs water.Of course, this kind of statement is more or less superstitious, and it is not enough to believe it.However, the water resources in Zhejiang Province are indeed lower than the national average level.Although Zhejiang has a long coastline of more than 6,400 kilometers that ranks first in the country, besides the Qiantang River, there is also the Yongjiang River that flows through Ningbo, and the Oujiang River that flows into the sea from Wenzhou, but overall, Zhejiang is still a region that lacks fresh water resources .However, even so, it does not affect the development and utilization of water resources in Zhejiang, and some of them are in the forefront of the country.

The earliest records related to water conservancy in Zhejiang start with Dayu's water control.Speaking of Dayu, the pioneer of water control in China is a household name.There are different opinions about the area where Dayu controlled the water. According to word of mouth, Dayu has become the god of water and is omnipotent. The records in "Huainanzi" seem to be able to reproduce the Yao and Shun era more than 4,000 years ago. At that time, huge floods occurred continuously in the Yellow River Basin. The torrential floods submerged the plains and surrounded the hills and hills.A large number of people and livestock died, and houses and savings were also swallowed by the flood.The flood never receded, and the victims, old and young, drifted everywhere.The leader of the Xia tribe, Gun, who was ordered by Tang Yao to control the flood, failed to stop the flooding of the Yellow River. Yu Shun, who succeeded Tang Yao, executed Gun and appointed Gun's son Yu to continue to control the flood.Dayu bid farewell to his newlywed wife, Tu Shanshi, learned from his father's failure in water control, and adopted a dredging strategy instead of simply building embankments to block water.The raging flood was finally contained.Dayu's "passing through the house three times without entering" radically cured the flood and was supported by all. During the Warring States period, some people sighed with emotion, "Wei Yu, I am like a fish"!This sentence means that if it weren't for Dayu, we would have become fish and shrimp by now.

The legendary Dayu also appeared in the Yangtze River. "Shangshu" is considered to be the oldest book in China. The opening chapter "Yao Dian" records the process of Dayu's governance of the Three Gorges. It is said that Dayu's governance of the Yangtze River first started from the Minjiang River, and then Dayu came down to the Three Gorges. With the help of divine power, he split the Qutang Gorge "to connect the river", "cut Wushan Mountain, and let the river flow eastward", and then dug the "Duanjiang Gorge Mouth" in Xiling Gorge, finally allowing the vast Yangtze River to enter the sea smoothly.It can be seen that Dayu's achievements in water control have been handed down from generation to generation and won the reputation of the people.Therefore, when praising Yu's achievements, the poem "Yiyi Liangshan, Wei Yudian" is used. Its implication is that Dayu controlled the water and turned the fields of Liangshan into good fields.Dayu's son Qi later founded the Xia Dynasty, China's first slave state.And Dayu's relics and rumors are all over the land of China.

In fact, Dayu seems to have left more traces in Zhejiang.Dayu Mausoleum, located at the foot of Kuaiji Mountain in the southeast of Shaoxing City, is recognized as the burial place of Dayu.Overlooking the Dayu Mausoleum from a distance, surrounded by mountains, there are many strange peaks, and the Ruoye Qingliu gurgling eastward, making the Dayu Mausoleum more dignified and magnificent.Dayu Mausoleum is composed of three architectural complexes: Yu Mausoleum, Yu Temple and Yu Temple.According to legend, the Yu Temple was created when Shaokang, the sixth king of the Xia Dynasty, entrusted his concubine Wuyu to go here to guard Dayu Mausoleum.The Yu Temple is one of the main buildings in the Mausoleum of Dayu. According to legend, it was founded by Qi, the son of Yu. It is also the oldest temple in Chinese history to worship and worship the national hero Dayu.Since 1995, the governments of Zhejiang Province and Shaoxing City have jointly held a ceremony to commemorate Dayu Mausoleum in Dayu Mausoleum.It is said that this is the first sacrifice after the suspension of sacrifices to Dayu Mausoleum in the late 1930s.Since then, the local area has adopted a combination of public sacrifices and private sacrifices, and holds sacrifices every year. "Worshiping the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum in the north and Dayu's Mausoleum in the south", as a traditional way for Chinese descendants to worship their ancestors, has continued since then.

Dayu's wife, the woman named Tu Shan, is generally believed to be from Shaoxing according to the existing historical materials.The basis is that in the north of Shaoxing City near the sea, there is an inconspicuous hill called Tushan.Although there are not many scenic spots and no special trees on the hill, a remarkable woman was born. This Shaoxing woman named Nvjiao later became Dayu's wife. She was Tu Shan's family.The earliest records about Nujiao can be seen in Sima Qian’s "Historical Records". In "Xia Ben Ji Zan", Sima Qian described it like this: Yu met a Tushan daughter named Nujiao in Tushan in Dayue, fell in love at first sight, and married Lian Li, on the 4th day of the newlywed Yan Er, Yu bid farewell to the girl, and embarked on the road of flood control.Ten months after Yu left, Yu's son Qi was born.It has been 13 years since Yu left, during which time he has been out of the house three times.During the past 13 years, Nvjiao stayed in Tushan, a widow in Buddhism, and raised her son until Dayu successfully returned from flood control.After Yu ascended the throne and returned to Dayue, he met with the feudal lords twice in Shaoxing. The site he chose for the alliance was Kuaiji Mountain once and Tushan Mountain the other time.This record confirms that Dayu's wife was from Tushan.Tushan, also known as Qishan, faces Gushan to the west, forming an evenly matched terrain. It is said that this is the place where emperors were bred.According to unofficial folk history, when Jinling was established as the capital of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Bowen, the national teacher, came here to destroy Yu Temple and Gushan, with the purpose of protecting the foundation of the Ming Dynasty forever.Unfortunately, now that the Ming Dynasty has passed away, Tu Shan remains the same.There is a Dayu Temple on the current Tushan Mountain. According to the observation of experts, the construction of this temple should be before the Southern Dynasty.According to the local history, "the holy lady came here on a stone boat from the sea, and then set up a temple." It can be seen that Tushan Nujiao has a deep affection for Dayu, and Dayu met with the princes twice, one of which was located in Tushan. Presumably it is also the best commemoration of his wife and daughter.

Dayu's flood control also left traces in Shaoxing.The Shaoxing area before Dayu's birth was also often plagued by floods, and it was called a barren land.When Dayu arrived in this barbaric land, he dug mountains to dredge the water, diverted the torrential flood into the East China Sea, and turned this shallow sea swamp into a plain again, and the people could engage in farming for a living.This statement is actually fully established from the analysis of Zhejiang's topographical location.Because the edge of Shaoxing is adjacent to Hangzhou Bay, and Hangzhou Bay is the estuary of the Qiantang River, the folks commonly call the two sides of Hangzhou Bay as tidal flats. Even in the years after the founding of New China, there was a movement to reclaim land from the sea.Now from the perspective of environmental protection, this decision to reclaim land from the sea may not be the best policy, because the fields built from the beach are not fertile land, but mostly saline-alkali land, which is generally only suitable for growing sugar cane and watermelon, not suitable for growing rice. Wheat or rapeseed, so many of the land filled on these beaches later became industrial buildings.However, the floods caused by the high tide of the Qiantang River do often attack the people along the coast, and reclamation of the sea is more of a means of flood control.Later, the Zhejiang Provincial Government made a decision to reinforce and build 1,000 kilometers of seawalls, which solved the problem of flood intrusion from the source.After Dayu's successful water control strategy in Shaoxing, Shaoxing became a famous land of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River.In order to commemorate this great water control hero, the people of Shaoxing not only go to the Mausoleum of Dayu every year to sacrifice, but also build a water control square by the river after the treatment of the river around the city, and build a statue of Dayu.The name of the author of the following inscription is unknown, but it can be seen that the people of Shaoxing admire the pioneers of water control, and praise the achievements of Shaoxing citizens in controlling the river around the city.

The land of Yuezhong is surrounded by mountains and seas, with crisscross rivers and lakes scattered all over the place. Although there are benefits of boats and fish and rice, there are also many dangers from sea tides and mountain torrents.According to legend, in the Xia Dynasty more than 4,000 years ago, Dayu came to Shaoxing twice to control the water, leveling the water and soil, so the mausoleum of Yuling still exists today.After Yu the Great, successive dynasties have regarded dredging rivers as the most important task for the people, and water control as the first policy for governing Yue.Goujian, the King of Yue, built the old waterway in Shanyin, Ma Zhenying in the Eastern Han Dynasty built the 800-mile Jianhu Lake, built a canal in the Jin Dynasty, connected the sea pond in the Tang Dynasty, and Tang Shaoen built the Sanjiang Gate. After thousands of years of hard work, the industry of water conservancy has been achieved.

In the summer of 1999, the Shaoxing government invested more than 1 billion yuan to build 24 kilometers of embankments on both sides of the river, and built parks, squares, and green belts by the river, totaling 500,000 square meters.The Water Control Plaza is located on the shore of Jianhu Lake, near the tomb of Ma Zhen, and overlooking Kuaiji Mountain. There is a Water Control Memorial Hall inside, displaying the achievements of water control since ancient times.And statues of Dayu, Ma Zhen, and Tang Shaoen are made.It is not only to commend the meritorious deeds of the sages, but also to encourage those who come.

Qiantang River, known as Zhejiang, Jianjiang, Luocha River and Zhijiang in ancient times, is a famous river in the southeast of the motherland and the largest river in Zhejiang Province.The Qiantang River has a total length of 605 kilometers and a drainage area of ​​48,887 square kilometers. It flows below the gate of Hangzhou City and flows into Hangzhou Bay.The river mouth is trumpet-shaped, and the tide flows backwards, forming the famous "Qiantang tide".The Qiantang River has a tortuous course, and the upper reaches are mountain streams.The bundles alternate with each other, the middle reaches are hills, and the downstream estuary is in the shape of a trumpet, and the estuary gradually widens.The main tributaries are Wuxi River, Wujiang River, Xin'an River, Fenshui River, Puyang River, Cao'e River and so on.

Qiantang River is firstly famous for its tide.The formation of the Qianjiang tide is mainly due to its unique trumpet-shaped bay. The Hangzhou Bay outside the Qiantang River is wide on the outside and narrow on the inside, deep on the outside and shallow on the inside. It is a very typical trumpet-shaped bay.The river at the estuary is 100 kilometers wide, and when it reaches Ganpu in the west, the river suddenly shrinks to 20 kilometers.When it arrived at Yanguan Town, Haining, Jiaxing, the river was only 3 kilometers wide.When the tide rises, the mouth of the wide and deep bay swallows a large amount of seawater at once. Because the river surface shrinks and becomes narrower and shallower rapidly, the tide water rushing along the road has no time to rise evenly, and the natural landscape of waves pushing forward and each wave higher than the other is formed. .When the tide reaches the vicinity of Dajia Mountain, it encounters a huge underwater sand bar. As a result, the tide rushes up, setting off a towering and astonishing giant wave, forming a steep water wall, and forming the first tide crest.

In addition to the above-mentioned geographical reasons, special meteorological conditions are also an important reason for the formation of the Haining tide.Along the coast of Zhejiang, at the turn of summer and autumn, the southeast wind prevails, and the direction of the wind is roughly the same as the direction of tidal wave influx. The characteristics of the wave are extremely prominent. This special condition can make the back wave quickly catch up with the front wave, and layers of huge waves are superimposed to form a tide crest.In addition, tides are also related to the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun.In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a thinker named Wang Chong. He said in the famous book "Lun Heng": "The rise and fall of the waves follow the moon, and the small and large are not the same." Because around the first and fifteenth day of each lunar month, The sun, the moon and the earth are arranged in a line, and the gravitational force of the sun and the moon together attracts the sea water on the surface of the earth, so the tides on the first and fifteenth day of each month are particularly large, and around the eighteenth day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, it is a year When the earth is closest to the sun and the gravitational force is the greatest, the tides that appear at this time are naturally the most violent. The cause of the Qiantang River tide is nothing more than geography and weather, but there is another tragic legend among the people in Zhejiang, which is also sighing.It is said that during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a state of Wu in the area of ​​Jiangsu and Anhui today, and King Fuchai of Wu defeated the state of Yue in the area of ​​​​now Zhejiang.On the surface, King Goujian of Yue professed his ministership to the state of Wu, but in secret he tried his best to restore his state.The matter was noticed by Wu Zixu, a minister of the state of Wu, who persuaded the king of Wu to kill Goujian many times.Because some treacherous ministers repeatedly slandered Wu Zixu in front of King Wu.The king of Wu did not distinguish between traitor and loyalty, but instead gave Wu Zixu a sword to kill himself, boiled his body, put it in a skin bag, and threw it into the Qiantang River.Nine years after Wu Zixu's death, King Goujian of Yue destroyed the State of Wu under the planning of the doctor Wenzhong.But the King of Yue also believed in the rumors and forced Wen Zhong to slay himself with his sword.Wu Zixu and Wen Zhong, the two heroes of the enemy's country, although they live on both sides of the Qiantang River and protect their masters, they end up the same and share the same hatred.As a result, their full of hatred turned into a huge wave, setting off a furious tide in Qiantang. Various legends about the Qiantang tide have been passed down from generation to generation in Zhejiang.However, there is a person who was born on the banks of the Qiantang River and watched the Qiantang tide grow up, but was finally swallowed by the calm lake water.Guoxue master Wang Guowei was born in Yanguan, a small ancient town. Perhaps he was used to the surge of the Qianjiang River since he was a child, and he had a relationship with water. In the end, Wang Guowei stopped at water and threw himself into Kunming Lake, the Summer Palace in Beijing.It is said that the reason is that the National Revolutionary Army went north, and after leaving a suicide note that "after the changes in this world, I will never be humiliated again", Liang Qichao praised him as a generation of "scholars who are not only owned by China, but owned by the whole world". The master of Chinese studies never surfaced again.The death of Wang Guowei is considered to be the most tragic "mystery case" in the history of Chinese studies.No matter from the perspective of the time or the present, Wang Guowei's death is regrettable. However, the tide of Qiantang will not stop or even be restrained because of this. The posture appears in people's sight. The poems and essays left by literati in the past dynasties after watching the tide also contributed to watching the tide of the Qianjiang River.For example, Su Shi said in "Viewing the Waves of Zhejiang Province" that "August 18th tide is magnificent. The Kunpeng water hits three thousand miles, and the group trains and drives one hundred thousand men. The red flag and green cover are mutual at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and the black sand and white waves swallow each other. Life It is difficult to meet the ancients, and this situation and this scene can’t be the same. May you hear this and add candles, and the white robes outside the door are like standing swans." "Watching the Tide in Seventeen Days" written by the poet Wang Shidao in the Northern Song Dynasty has been praised by people: "Man Manping The sand is white and the rainbow is gone, and the jade cup is empty in Yaotai. On a sunny day, the bottom of the Qingjiang River is shaken, and in the evening, it is floating in the turbulent waves." Fan Zhongyan said: "Thunder gathers on the sea surface, and the waterfall in the middle of the river is horizontal." Du Fu also left a sigh: "The world is sad and suddenly different. The color of the waves, the vast hectares of colored glaze." There is also Liu Yuxi's "Waves Washing the Sand": "In August, the waves come roaring, their heads are several feet high, and they touch the mountains back. After a while, they go to Haimen, rolling up sand piles like snowdrifts." Meng Haoran's "Watching the Tide with Yan Qiantang on the Zhangting Pavilion": "I heard thunder in a hundred miles, and I stopped playing the strings temporarily. I rode out in Fuzhong, and waited for the tide on the river. The sun is shining in the autumn sky, and the floating sky is wide. The storm comes. It’s like snow, and a lingering coldness.” The great poet Li Bai couldn’t miss such a magnificent natural phenomenon. After seeing the turbulent Qianjiang tide, he was full of poetry and wrote a poem "Hengjiang Ci": "The God of the sea crosses the evil When the wind returns, the waves hit the gate of heaven and the stone walls open. How is this in August in Zhejiang? The morning tide comes after the evening tide, and there are sixty times a week in January. It’s not just the time that comes and goes, Hangzhou gets old and is urged by the tide.” However, although the tide is beautiful, it also causes floods to the people on both sides of the Qiantang River.Near the gate of Hangzhou, where the Qiantang River enters Trumpet Bay, stands an ancient tower with a unique shape, named Liuhe.Liuhe Pagoda is located in the south of the West Lake, on the Yuelun Mountain beside the Qiantang River.In the third year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty [AD 970], when Hangzhou was the capital of the Wuyue Kingdom, the king built the Liuhe Pagoda for Zen Master Zhiyuan, a monk from the Chaoshui School who lived in the Qiantang River. The current Liuhe Pagoda was rebuilt in the Southern Song Dynasty.The name of the pagoda is taken from the meaning of "six harmony respect" in Buddhism, and it is named Liuhe pagoda.Liuhe Pagoda, also known as Liuhe Pagoda, means "Four Directions of Heaven and Earth".The internal masonry structure of the tower body is divided into 7 floors, and the external wooden structure has 8 sides and 13 floors.Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty once wrote inscriptions on each floor of the Liuhe Pagoda, which are: the first ground is solid, the two truths are integrated, the three bright pure realms, the four heavenly treasures, the five clouds, the six turtles, and the seven treasures are solemn.The Liuhe Pagoda has a graceful appearance and an extraordinary aura, and the interior of the pagoda is connected by spiral stairs.The Xumizuo on the third level of the pagoda is carved with various patterns of flowers, birds, animals, flying immortals, etc., with fine depictions.With exquisite conception and wonderful structure, it can be called a masterpiece of ancient Chinese architectural art.Someone once commented on the three famous pagodas in Hangzhou: Liuhe Pagoda is like a general, Baochu Pagoda is like a beauty, and Leifeng Pagoda is like an old monk.Overlooking the river from the Liuhe Pagoda, you can see the magnificent Qiantang River Bridge and the wide river. Perhaps it is because the Liuhe Pagoda is not only magnificent, but also faces Qiantang, so many interesting past events have happened here.According to legend, the heroes of Liangshanpo went south to Fangla, and Song Jiang stationed his troops in the temple outside the Liuhe Pagoda. Lu Zhishen and Wu Song suddenly heard the thunder of the tide on the Qiantang River.Lu Zhishen was from the north and had never heard of Qianjiang Chao. He thought it was the sound of war drums, so he got up and prepared to fight.Later, the monk explained to him that he knew it was the sound of the tide.So he remembered the verses that his master said when he became a monk before, "Listen to the tide and be round, see the letter and be silent". He felt that this was fate, so he passed away and sat down beside the Six Harmonies Pagoda.And in April 1936, there was a sensational group wedding of movie stars under the Six Harmonies Pagoda. The marriage was witnessed by the famous democrat Shen Junru. Three couples of Du Xiaojuan got married. The original intention of building the Pagoda of Six Harmonies was to suppress the tide of the Qiantang River, but there is also a legend that has spread widely.It is said that the dragon king in the Qiantang River in ancient times was very violent, often making waves, flooding the fields and causing disasters to the people.A fisherman named Liuhe, whose father was also drowned by the river tide, and his mother was swept away, Liuhe was so sad that he threw stones into the river all day long, shaking the Crystal Palace.The Dragon King had no choice but to beg for mercy, and made peace with Liuhe with gold and silver treasures.Liuhe put forward two conditions: one is to release the mother; the other is not to let the tide harm the people.The Dragon King had no choice but to agree.Since then, the Qiantang River has stopped flooding, and the people live a peaceful life.In order to thank Liuhe, people built a pagoda on the hill where he threw stones. This is the Liuhe Pagoda that still stands on the mountainside. Now, the tide of the Qiantang River basically appears in front of the world as a unique natural wonder. Haining Yanguan and Xiaoshan Meimeiba are the best places to watch the tide. The governments of the two places even hold a tide watching festival every year.On the Shechao Square in Binjiang Park, Hangzhou, the sculpture "Qian Wang Shechao" created by Han Meilin, a famous master of arts and crafts, has become a special cultural landscape by the Qiantang River.The reason why Han Meilin was invited by the Hangzhou Municipal Government to create such a giant sculpture was actually inspired by a legend.In ancient times, due to the fierce tide of the Qiantang River, it brought endless disasters to the people on both sides of the strait.At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Qian Liu, the king of Wuyue known as the "King of Qian", governed Hangzhou. He was very distressed by the fact that the seawall of the Qiantang River under construction was repeatedly washed away by the tide.An attendant told King Qian that there was a tide god in the river.It happened to be Chaoshen’s birthday on August 18th, so King Qian brought tens of thousands of archers to wait for it. When Chaoshen appeared, King Qian issued the command to “let the arrows go”. Flee, the tide goes out.Since then, the sea wall has been created.In order to commemorate King Qian's achievements in shooting tides, the people called the seawall beside the river "Qiantang". In fact, all the legends are related to the fact that the management of Qiantang River in the past dynasties has not been completely successful. Therefore, people have to rely on the legendary powerful Liuhe or King Qian to prevent the invasion of the tide.For any river, as long as it is managed properly, it can generate benefits from power generation, flood control, irrigation, shipping, water supply, fishery, etc., and benefit mankind.Qiantang River is no exception.In history, people's governance of the Qiantang River has never stopped.The Qiantang River seawall is considered a great ancient building in China.According to water conservancy experts, in the 1870s, an earthen seawall was built near Hangzhou to control the tide.At the beginning of the 10th century, seawalls were built near Hangzhou, which was the beginning of stone-built seawalls; during the Kangxi and Qianlong years of the Qing Dynasty, it was further developed into large stone ponds with fish scales, and these large stone ponds are still in use today.The regulation of the Qiantang River estuary has also been practiced. In 1747, the water affairs department at that time excavated a small and medium gate between Zheshan Mountain and Hezhuang Mountain in the estuary, trying to use it as a middle stream to stabilize the river between the two mountains, but it was restored soon. silt.It was not until after the founding of New China that the management of the Qiantang River Basin became more scientific and reasonable.The total amount of water resources in the entire Qiantang River Basin is 38.9 billion cubic meters, the theoretical water energy reserves are 2,628,400 kilowatts, and the possible developed installed capacity is 2,001,400 kilowatts.The installed capacity of the completed hydropower stations is 1,465,100 kilowatts, among which the installed capacity of power generation is relatively large at Xin'anjiang, Fuchunjiang, Huangtankou, Hunan Town, and Xiakou hydropower stations, with an installed capacity of 1,201,700 kilowatts. The Xin'an River is the largest tributary of the Qiantang River, formerly known as Huigang, Qingxi, and Shegang. It is 359 kilometers long from the source to Jiande Meicheng, with a drainage area of ​​11,674 square kilometers, of which the drainage area in Hangzhou City is 5,645 square kilometers , the river is 128 kilometers long.Before the construction of the reservoir, the Xin'an River was 100 to 300 meters wide.The river is tortuous, with thousands of beautiful peaks on both sides of the river, and the water quality is clear. Meng Haoran, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, once set foot here, and left a poem: "The lake passes through the Dongting, and the river enters Xin'an Qing".The Xin'an River originates from the main peak of the Huaiyu Mountains at an altitude of 1,350 meters, passes through Xiuning, Tunxi, and She counties in Anhui to Jiekou, and flows into Chun'an County, Zhejiang.Xin'anjiang is known as "Jinfengxiuling, the hometown of mountains and rivers".The main stream in the upper reaches zigzags and runs through the hills, low mountains and basins in the mountainous areas of southern Anhui and western Zhejiang, forming green peaks sandwiching banks, emerald hills overlapping, thousands of stone walls, standing beside the river, hundreds of feet of waterfalls, and hanging valleys. The water color is famous all over the world.Xin'an River has a famous ancient water conservancy project - Yuliang Dam in She County.From the perspective of water conservancy, Yuliang Dam is undoubtedly the originator of water conservancy projects in the Xin'an River Basin. Yuliang Dam is the largest water conservancy project in Shexian County, Anhui Province in ancient times. According to the research of water conservancy experts, as early as the Tang and Song Dynasties, people built stones here as a dam. The current ancient dam was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty. It was built in the 33rd year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty The monument of the dam can be tested.Yuliang Dam can not only store water upstream, but also slow down the flow below the dam.Whether it is irrigation, boating, or rafting and flood control, it can be beneficial at the same time.Yuliang Dam is 138 meters long, 27 meters wide at the bottom, and 4 meters wide at the top. It is all built with solid stones, and each stone weighs more than a ton.On the surface, the construction method of building blocks of solid stones is scientific and ingenious. For each base of ten bluestones, a stone pillar is erected, and between the upper and lower floors, solid stone piers are inserted like nails. "Stability", also known as ingot nails.In this way, the upper and lower layers are connected to each other as if wearing a stone lock, which is very strong.And the stones on each floor are interlocked with stone locks, so that the up, down, left, and right are tightly connected together, forming a solid Yuliang dam lying across the river.There is a water gate in the middle of the dam for drainage.Mr. Zheng Xiaoxie, a well-known national expert on ancient architecture, once gave this dam such an evaluation: "The design, construction and function of Yuliang Dam are comparable to Dujiangyan lying on the Minjiang River!" Standing on the top of Yuliang Dam, looking around, you can have a panoramic view of the scene.The blue waves on the dam are like a mirror, the fish fly in the deep pool, and the small boat rattles the waves, stirring up ripples, which is peaceful and peaceful.At the bottom of the dam, there are jagged rocks, and the waves bite the rocks; Ziyang Mountain stands majestically on the west bank, with lush forests; the Ziyang Bridge built in the Ming Dynasty looks like a rainbow lying on the clear waves. The bridge is 140 meters long, 14 meters high, and 10 meters wide. The tallest and widest of the three ancient bridges in She County, because the upstream of the bridge is the wharf for Huizhou merchants to sail boats, the bridge holes are built much taller than ordinary bridges to facilitate sailing and sailing.The site of Yuliang Dam is located on the Lianjiang River 1km south of Shexian County. It is the oldest and largest ancient barrage in the upper reaches of the Xin'an River.The south end of the dam is close to Longjing Mountain, and the north end is connected to the old street of Yuliang Ancient Town.This old street has been well preserved up to now, and it is a typical layout of Huizhou folk houses. There are many forks on the narrow bluestone road leading to the riverside. On June 25, 2001, Yuliangba, as an ancient building from the Tang to Qing Dynasties, was approved by the State Council to be listed in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Perhaps some enlightenment can be drawn from the construction of Yuliang Dam by the ancients. On the Xin'an River, there are conditions for building large-scale dams, and the role of modern dams has gone far beyond traditional meanings such as irrigation and flood control. Its utilization of water energy will greatly more economical.The average gradient of the Xin'an River is relatively large. The distance between Tunxi in Anhui and Tongguan in Zhejiang is less than 100 kilometers, and the natural drop is more than 100 meters. Therefore, the canyons and shoals are one after another, and the water flow is very fast.Similar to a river bed, it is uniquely suited for hydropower construction.According to the "Yanzhou Tujing" in the Southern Song Dynasty and the "Chun'an County Chronicles" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there are more than 70 beach names from Shepukou in Anhui to Zhaojiatan in Zhejiang, among which there are 40 beaches in Chun'an, Jiande There are 25 beaches, Tonglu has 7 beaches.In the Qing Dynasty, a poet named Huang Zhongze wrote a poem after seeing the dangerous shoal on the river: One beach after another, each beach is ten feet high. Three hundred and sixty beaches, Xin'an is in the sky. The verse vividly describes the dense and dangerous beach of Xin'an River, and also proves from another angle that the long-standing Xin'an River contains huge water resources.The poet Li Bai also visited Xin'an River. After seeing the water in Xin'an River, this poet who loved famous mountains and rivers all his life couldn't help expressing his sincere admiration: Qingxi clears my heart, and the color of the water is different from other waters. May I ask Xin'anjiang, what is the bottom line? In the mirror of pedestrians, in the screen of birds. The orangutan crowed in the evening, and Kong mourned the wanderer far away. It is the first large-scale hydropower station in China that is designed, constructed, equipped and installed by itself in the true sense.The Xin'an River, which originated in Anhui Province, is known for its beautiful scenery. Her clear water nourishes the wide basin area and waters the beautiful Jiangnan with beautiful mountains and rivers.However, just like all rebellious rivers, whenever the flood season comes, the Xin'an River will lose its usual meekness in the storm and break its bank.Developing the water resources of Xin'an River is not only the dream of water conservancy engineers, but also the pain in their hearts.During the period of the Republic of China, the National Government Resources Committee established a "Qiantang River Hydropower Survey Office" in Hangzhou. Xu Qiashi, who was the director of the survey office, was mainly responsible for lobbying various government offices with a purse every day. What he hoped to achieve Not being able to build the Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station, this plan is an unattainable luxury for Xu Qiashi, and it is tantamount to a dream.If with the support of the Yamen, he can use the surplus materials from the United States to build a Huhaitang hydropower station with an installed capacity of only 200 kilowatts, then Xu Qiashi will be satisfied, because that will give his engineers some room for use. The realization of Xu Qiashi's dream came earlier than he imagined.When he served as the main technical director of Shanghai Hydropower Design Institute, he undertook the design task of Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station.Xu Qiashi approached his dream step by step on the blueprint: this is a high dam over 100 meters, a large reservoir over 10 billion cubic meters, a 660,000-kilowatt hydropower station, a 220-kilovolt high-voltage transmission line, and 300,000 immigrants. Will move out of the reservoir area.Its scale surpasses all the hydropower stations that have been built and are under construction in my country, and it will also surpass the hydropower milestone Dnepr Hydropower Station after the founding of the Soviet Union.According to the level at that time, China will step into the forest of international hydropower construction.Standing at a higher level than Xu Qiashi is Li Rui from the Hydropower Administration. Li Rui later became more famous for his opposition to the construction of the Three Gorges Project than when he was in charge of the Hydropower Administration.Li Rui seems to prefer Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station. Among the five major hydropower projects he listed at that time, besides Xin'anjiang, there were Liujiaxia, Sanmenxia, ​​Wuqiangxi and Zipingpu, but Xin'anjiang was the focus of Li Rui's drafting and was determined. It is a national demonstration project. Li Rui accompanied Zhou Enlai to inspect the Xin'anjiang hydropower station under construction after he was promoted to vice minister of the Ministry of Water and Electricity.It was an inspection that was indispensable for the construction of the Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station.At that time, almost all the people saw the news of Zhou Enlai's inspection in Xin'anjiang through newspapers, as well as the inscription to boost morale.But they didn't know that before Zhou Enlai arrived at Xin'an River, he heard a report on the construction of the Xin'an River Hydropower Station in the Xihua Hall in Zhongnanhai, Beijing.In addition to Li Rui, Pan Guisui, deputy chief engineer of Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station, participated in the report.The main content of that report was that during the construction of the Xin'anjiang project, a large landslide occurred on the left bank of the dam head hillside, and the concrete quality accident was caused by the use of insufficiently graded cement.Leaving aside the special period from 1957 to 1960, it is obviously inappropriate for the prime minister of a big country to ask about the issue of cement labeling in engineering construction, but Zhou Enlai did personally ask about the use of cement in the Xin'anjiang Hydropower Project.Zhou Enlai also invited Li Rui and Pan Guisui to have lunch at home.In less than a month, just after the Seventh Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Shanghai, Zhou Enlai went to Xin'anjiang via Hangzhou.Zhou Enlai met Pan Guisui again at the construction site.Pan Guisui later recalled that when the Prime Minister saw him, he said: "We met not long ago, you are Pan Deputy Chief Engineer." Zhou Enlai left the famous inscription when he left Xin'anjiang: "For our country's first Cheers to the successful construction of a large-scale hydroelectric power station designed and equipped by ourselves!" Although the Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station did not get the same treatment as the Sanmenxia Hydropower Station after its completion, its image was printed on RMB, but it became a brand of cigarettes. Like the pack of cigarettes named after Xin'anjiang, the construction cost of this hydropower station can also be described as cheap and high-quality.The builders of the power station polished the beautiful dam on the drawings to perfection under the extremely simple construction conditions. The large Czechoslovakian construction machinery originally ordered for the construction of the power station was transferred to the National Day project in Tiananmen Square. up.But in the end, the power station was built in only 3 years, including nearly 300,000 in immigration fees. The cost of this power station is only equivalent to the investment of a thermal power plant. This may be an out-of-print final account.The quality of its dam construction is still rock-solid after nearly 50 years of operation.The electricity generated from the Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station is transmitted to Hangzhou and Shanghai through the first 220 kV high-voltage line in Zhejiang Province. It once illuminated the nights of Hangzhou and Shanghai. Wherever it went, the lights were brilliant. In November 1963, Guo Moruo came to Xin'anjiang.At this time, the Xin'an River has changed its appearance. The river that Guo saw is actually just a section below the dam, and above the dam, the once winding and treacherous river has been replaced by a huge artificial lake.Standing on the majestic dam, Guo looked around, but saw the blue sky and white clouds, the boundless expanse of blue waves, and the continuous verdant mountains, which made people feel refreshed and happy.Guo did not see the spectacular scene of the dam flood discharge, but in the description of the accompanying experts, the poet's imagination is enough for him to imagine the huge artificial waterfall formed by the dam during the flood discharge, what kind of white waves empty, clouds and mists rise, and roar Like thunder, the mountains shook and the ground shook, and the white mist rising from the sky covered the area with a radius of nearly 1 kilometer, which was majestic and spectacular.Guo was so excited that his poetic passion flourished, and he wrote a poem that was later widely praised by people: With the completion of the Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station, the former Baishadutou has gradually become a new city.In the past, here was "the wild crossing without an unmanned boat", a broken boat, a few clumps of wormwood, high beaches and rapid currents, "traveling all the roads in the world, sad at Baishadu".Now, Jiande, built on both sides of the Xin'an River, is a livable city. The river water flowing from the bottom of the dam is clear and cold. When the south of the Yangtze River is extremely hot in summer, Xin'anjiang Town, where Jiande City is located, is very cool.Citizens are adjacent to the reservoir area. Every year, they hold the Qiandao Lake Xiushui Festival, which may be a rare festival named after water in China. The artificial lake formed by damming, that is, Xin'anjiang Reservoir, now has a beautiful name called Qiandao Lake.After completion, the reservoir dam is 105 meters high and 462 meters long; the reservoir is about 150 kilometers long, and the widest part is more than 10 kilometers; the deepest part is more than 100 meters. Under normal water levels, the area is about 580 square kilometers. It is the West Lake of Hangzhou. 104 times that of the West Lake, and the water storage capacity can reach 17.8 billion cubic meters, more than 3,000 times larger than the West Lake.This large reservoir is not only majestic, but also magnificent and beautiful.There are dotted islands in the reservoir. There are 398 common islands and 1078 large and medium islands.It is not only like the misty waves of Taihu Lake, but also has the graceful charm of West Lake.When the clouds clear and the mist clears, the wonderful color of the lake gradually reveals itself.It's not green, it's not blue, it's green and blue.It is just like what Bai Juyi said in "Jiangnan Good" that "in spring, the river is as green as blue".Qiandao Lake is an open lake with a vast expanse of green, dotted with islands; the big islands are like mountains, and the small islands are like boats, all of which are verdant and full of indescribable styles. They are like pieces of jasper half-immersed in the lake.And because there are few plankton in the water, the lake is as clear as a mirror, and because of the depth of the water, it looks like emerald, green and blue.What Guo Moruo saw was such a beautiful artificial lake that can only be found in dreams, so it is reasonable for him to write such poems. Anyone who has been to Qiandao Lake will sigh the beauty of this lake from the bottom of his heart.To be honest, after the completion of the Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station, the comprehensive benefits produced by it are obvious to all, and the full cost of the hydropower station will be recovered only 5 years after it was put into operation.However, few people know, or even if they know, they seldom think about it. In fact, 300,000 immigrants have left their homes and their native land, and more villages and towns have sunk to the bottom of the lake.Tong Chanfu, who once served as the deputy director of the Civil Affairs Department of Zhejiang Province, wrote a documentary literature reflecting the immigration of the Xin'anjiang reservoir area. He named this work, which condensed his years of hard work, "National Special Operations: Xin'anjiang Immigrants" — A Report Fifty Years Overdue.After the publication of the work, it caused great repercussions. Guangming Daily published a book review, saying that the book "is a true report written by the author with 20 years of painstaking efforts and a lot of research.水库移民安置方面成败得失的一部史记，是反映浙江淳安、遂安两县30万水库移民无私奉献和坎坷经历的真实写照。”在这部作品中，作为库区移民的童禅福写到了他的家乡，一座叫松崖村的美丽村庄。新安江水电站开工那年，童11岁。 松崖村四面环山，一条长渠穿村而过，村内的大巷小弄全部用青石板铺砌，平坦得没有一级台阶。童氏是村里的最大宗族，童氏宗祠第一大厅的柱子要两个成年人才能环抱，雕梁画栋，极尽辉煌。安详宁静的千年松崖古村，直到1959年3月25日才被惊醒。当晚，村里召开了动员会。说是动员，实际上是下命令，这是那个时代的特点，简单、干脆，做事只需一级一级地往下传命令。可是，这日子来得太匆忙了，留给松崖村村民的，只有短短的20天时间，能做什么呢？什么都来不及了。来不及的何止是松崖村。对生活在新安江两岸的农民来说，大水几乎瞬间就漫上来了。情愿和不情愿，都是几天之内的事，甚至来不及向列祖列宗道别。1958年，对于中国来说，是一个较为特殊的年份，以高指标为特征的“大跃进”正在农业领域全面铺开，原先花了几年时间精心制定的新安江水库移民规划，在一次会议上被推翻了，取而代之的是缺乏科学性的移民计划。而安置经费则一降再降。那是一个“人有多大胆，地有多大产”的年代，没有人敢于开口讲真话。后来，有人又提出，要与规模相仿的美国普列斯托滩水电站比速度。于是，新安江水电站第一台机组并网发电比原计划提早了20个月。为了这超常规速度，移民们需要付出的是更大的代价和牺牲。在童禅福年幼的记忆里，从1958年到1959年的两年时间里，移民时间只有7个月，但却完成了12万人的搬迁任务。几乎每天都是军事化的“大行军”，从新安江街口到富春江、钱塘江，尽是白帆点点，公路上，扶老携幼的移民肩挑背扛，来去匆匆，烧木炭的大篷车不时地穿梭往来。从开化到淳安的路上，一片凄凉，几十公里的公路两侧，都是被遗弃的各种各样的木制家具和数不清的坛坛罐罐，像万国博览会又像临潼斗宝。他还说，那天的运动会，没有欢笑，只有悲伤，因为运动会一结束，淳安中学就要搬走，老县城贺城就成了一座空城，一座废城，一座水下之城。 记下父辈们的悲壮，一直是童禅福这位淳安游子的夙愿。童的目光沉在千岛湖的水下，为了父老乡亲的重托，童告诉自己，必须如实反映这段历史，报告这迟到50年的真相。采写这样一部题材敏感的作品，遇到的困难是可想而知的。然而，童禅福始终没有放弃自己在心里对家乡父老的承诺。 这些年，童禅福辗转浙皖赣3省，行走了2万多里路，从高端访问到田野调查，历尽千辛万苦。凡是有新安江移民聚居的地方，童大多都去过。他曾去过22个县的近200个村子的1000多户人家，寻访了2000多人，用了8本笔记本来记录移民们的故事，很多人把埋藏了几十年的心里话都告诉了童。在《国家特别行动：新安江大移民——迟到五十年的报告》一书出版后，有一次，童禅福接受记者采访，他告诉记者，我写下这一切，就是希望后人在领略千岛湖那涟漪荡漾的湖光山色的同时，别忘了曾在水下那片土地上生活过的人们。 马克思曾经说过的：“人类最高尚的品格是反思。”现在，当我们回顾这段历史时，我们已经学会反思。不得不承认，在特殊年代，建设像新安江水电站这样一座地位特殊的大型水电工程，出现问题在所难免，但是，通过更多像童禅福这样有良知的作家，或者官员对水利电力工程建设过程中暴露出来的问题进行严谨、认真的反思，总结经验教训，对今后的工程建设，特别是涉及到移民这样重大问题的更合理解决，是有益的。后来的事实也证明了这一点，最典型的莫过于三峡百万大移民。 葛洪升和柴松岳先后担任过浙江省省长。他们的经历却颇有些相似。他们曾经都是新安江水电站工地的管理干部。并且在相当长一段时间内都在水利电力部门担任领导职务。离开新安江水电站后，葛洪升一度去了贵州省的猫跳河工程局，后来则任较长一段时间的浙江省电力工业局局长。柴松岳在进入新安江之后，去了东北的丰满水电站实习，又在浙江黄坛口水电站工作过一段时间，后来则任富春江水电厂党委书记。两人在卸任省长一职后，又先后去了北京，葛洪升任全国人大常委、财经委副主任，柴松岳则出任中国首任电力监管委员会主席。很显然，柴松岳出任电监委主席一职，与他在水利电力部门的履历有着密切关系。事实上，新安江水电站除了培养了两位省长，还走出了一位市长，他就是曾任杭州市长的钟伯熙。至于其他水利电力专业类的权威则更多了，其中就包括中国著名的水利水电专家，国家设计大师，中国水电水利科学技术发展的重要奠基人之一，两院院士潘家铮。因此，说新安江水电站是培养水利水电专家与官员的摇篮也不为过。 在葛洪升看来，周恩来是新安江水电站的奠基人。作为主要决策人，正是周恩来亲自批准新安江水电站建设列入“一五”计划。1959年4月9日，周恩来视察建设中的新安江工地，葛清楚地记得，那天总理一下车就登上近百米高的拦河大坝，仔细查看工程建设情况，随后，总理又来到工地技术革新展览馆，指着一台革新式电焊机问：“普通的电焊机要用多少矽钢片？这台不用矽钢片的焊机比它轻多少？”从总理询问的语气，可知他对专业性很强的焊机性能也略知一二。参观展览后，总理又到了离电站十几公里以外的江村埠。这个地方被新安江人称之为“砂石之城”，因为大坝每浇一吨混凝土，就需要六七百斤的砂石料，而这些砂石料则全部取之于江村埠。总理对砂石料的机械化生产显出浓厚兴趣，他看了砂石船，又看了筛分机。然后，他问工程局领导，这些设备是哪个国家制造的？当总理听说这些设备全部是国产的，高兴地对周围的摄影记者说：“这么好的事情，为什么不多拍几个镜头？”周恩来总理这次视察新安江水电站，对电站建设的鼓舞无疑是巨大的，也就是这一次视察期间，周总理留下了那个著名的题词。 相比葛洪升，柴松岳刚到新安江水电站就显得与众不同，这位出生于舟山普陀的海岛青年那种善于学习、勤奋钻研的态度令许多人记忆深刻。在丰满水电技校实习期间，需要经常参加劳动，即使是在寒冬腊月，室外气温降到零下二三十度，他仍然坚持跟班学习，甚至参加零点班在露天下大炼钢铁。这对于一个南方人来说，的确需要具备刚毅、坚强的骨气，不然很难坚持下来。作为电厂首批机械值班员，为尽快掌握履行本职工作所需的技能，柴松岳的笔记本上有关发电机水车自动化回路图记得密密麻麻。几年下来，同样的笔记本就记了好几本，对于各项操作柴都能熟练默写，并且倒背如流。由于众所周知的原因，在建厂初期，不少运行值班员的文化水平都不高，但柴松岳勤学苦练基本功的情景却让同事们记忆犹新。 许多年以后，柴松岳成为中国电力监管部门的最高领导人，这位国家电力监管委员会的首任主席是2002年11月份从杭州以最快速度赶过来上任的。此前他是浙江省的省长，突然让他到北京主管刚筹备的电监会领导工作，据说还是朱镕基亲自点的将。没有人对这一任命感到有多么意外。因为翻开这个人的从政简历就可知道，他这一生大部分时间几乎都在与电打交道，堪称是位专家型的高层领导。 到北京工作后仅一个月，由国务院确定的国家电力体制改革方案就开始实施了。世界上最大的电力公司——国家电力公司被拆分。那些日子可以说是电力发展环境最复杂的时候。柴松岳领导的电监会所要担当的职责，就是要照看好中国电力这个庞大的巨人，让它的每一步都走好，都走稳。问题尽管很多，但先后都得到了妥善处理。有一次，新疆一家发电厂嫌上网电价低于期望值，竟然拒绝电网调度命令，不开机了。柴认为，电厂不服从调度命令，跟两军对垒的战场上士兵不服从指挥，性质上的恶劣程度是相等的，电监会立即组织起草了相应的调度法规，并以主席令的形式颁布，使事件很快得到了平息。在4年的任期内，他颁布实施的主席令共有14项。柴认为，电监会的职责之一，就是要在全国营造一个规范用电的良好环境。这方面尽管没有前人的经验可以借鉴，但既然党和人民信任他，让他坐上这个位子，他就有责任要把这项工作做好。 当时还有一件令柴印象深刻的事。有一天他收到电力专家、两院院士潘家铮先生的一封信，潘先生向他反映的事情让他相当吃惊，原来随着电力体制改革的实施，中国的水电站大坝监管事实上处于真空之中。也就是说，大坝安全问题本来是有人管的，后来由于不知该划归哪一家管，就变得谁也不去管了。搞水电出身的柴自然清楚此事非同小可，大坝一旦溃坝，那就是惊天动地的恶性事故。他立刻将信件紧急呈送温家宝总理，同时也以最快速度向国务院常务会议反映此事。温总理显然也感到了这件事的分量，立即指定时任副总理的黄菊和曾培炎负责协调此事。在综合了柴的意见和其他部门领导的意见以后，国务院作出决定，授权由电监会全权负责，立即起草制定具体的管理规则，再由电监会授权华东电力勘测设计院成立“大坝安全监察中心”专职管理，并为此专门批给了30个事业编制，使问题得到了圆满的解决。 在柴的任期内，类似这样的事情很多，但都得到了及时处理。包括那段时间里国外发生的多起重大停电事件，中国的供电网络如此庞大，却没有发生一起危及电网安全的重大事故，这不能不说应归功于全国电力系统这支精良的员工队伍和国家电监会工作作风的细致。柴感到欣慰的是，在他离职时，温家宝总理专门安排时间跟他见了面，温对他说：你到北京4年，正是改革的关键时期，旧的体制打破，新的体制建立，有一个过程。电监会做了大量工作。这期间又发生了全国范围内的长时期的缺电。在严重缺电情况下，又是体制转型时期，但电力得到了大发展，确保了全国电网安全，没有发生大面积停电，这是很不容易的。国务院对你，对电监会的工作，深表满意。 钟伯熙在新安江水电站的第一份工作是工区的浇捣队队长，属于最基层的施工负责人。钟在解放前夕就是中共地下党员，当时他在浙江大学读书。解放后，钟放弃优越的城市工作与生活，背起行囊到了山区参与新安江水电站建设。与葛洪升与柴松岳相比，钟伯熙在新安江待的时间更久，他先后任水电厂副厂长和总工程师，在新安江水电厂所在地，那个叫紫金滩的地方一待就是24年。和大多数手握实权的老同志一样。钟伯熙在那个特殊的年代里也饱受折磨，但是，钟即使在修配车间从事繁重的体力活，住在阴暗潮湿的住宅里，也从没放弃过学习。他一直坚持自学英语，所以，当钟在1985年以杭州市市长身份访问美国波士顿时，他居然以一口流利的英语与美方人员交谈，真可谓语惊四座。在组织上恢复钟的党籍后，他一次性主动补交了十年间的全部党费。 有关毛泽东主席视察金华双龙水电站的资料留下不多。在仅存的有据可查的史料中我们获悉，1960年3月14日下午，毛泽东主席的确是专程视察了地理位置偏僻的金华双龙水电站。双龙水电站位于金华山南部山麓。在毛主席视察双龙水电站的前一年，也就是1959年，电站干部职工攻克技术难关，创造性地将金华机械厂制造的我国第一台512千瓦水轮机与两台上海华生电器厂制造的256千瓦发电机联机发电，并且获得了成功。这次联机，被称为我国电力机械制造和农村水电史上的一个重要里程碑。或许，这是促成毛主席前来视察的一个重要原因。毛主席在听取了金华地委书记李学智的汇报后，与工人们进行了座谈。据说，毛主席对双龙水电站的建设运行颇为肯定，满意地说了两个字“很好”，并作出指示：“浙江水力资源丰富，搞水电大有前途。”随后，金华双龙水电站作为全国发展农村小水电的典型加以推广，从而使双龙水电站在全国以至国际上都具有较大的影响。联合国亚太地区小水电会议代表曾来这里考察，据统计，世界上先后有105个国家的专家、学者前来参观。 事实上，差不多在毛泽东视察金华双龙水电站前后，国家其他领导人也在全国各地对小水电进行考察。可见，当时的小水电发展获得了国家高层的重视。比如1958年，刘少奇就陪同缅甸总理吴努参观了四川省郫县犀浦乡吴家碾12千瓦的采用异步发电机发电的小水电站。而在同一年，朱德则视察了四川省郫县犀浦乡另外一个叫游家碾的10千瓦小水电站，朱在详细询问了打米和发电的情况后说：“这样的小水电好，可以多办些。”国家高层领导密集视察小水电，与1956年1月中央发布的《1956年到1967年全国农业发展纲要》有关，在这个纲要中，中央明确提出：“凡是能够发电的水利建设，应当尽可能同时进行中小型水电建设，结合国家大中型电力工程建设，逐步增加农村用电。” 另外，毛泽东、朱德等中央领导重视农村水电的发展，还与革命战争年代的一些往事有关。1935年，毛泽东率领中国工农红军离开江西中央苏区时，曾握着一位当地老表的手说，等革命成功了，给你们一家家送来“小太阳”。毛泽东所说的“小太阳”，可能是指照明用的电灯。如今，随着国家电网系统“户户通电”战略的实施，即使是全国最偏远的牧区、山村也消除了光明盲点。1942年，刘伯承、邓小平领导的八路军129师在涉县漳河上修建了河北省最早的赤岸水电站，装机容量10千瓦，可供129师司令部照明和机要通讯用电。而在1947年，中共中央机关迁往河北省平山县西柏坡村时，在朱德的关怀下，建成了装机196千瓦，并由他亲自剪彩启动闸门发电的沕沕水水电站，为解放军两座军械制造厂、新华社对外广播和党中央指挥三大战役提供了电源，为解放战争的胜利作出了重要贡献。 不可否认，列宁有关电气化的论述也对中国小水电的发展起到了推波助澜的作用。列宁有过一个非常著名的论断：“共产主义是苏维埃政权加电气化。”此外，列宁还说过：“在农村中推广建立小型电站起了相当重要的作用。应该坦白地说，这方面往往有些分散，但分散有一些分散的好处。这些小型电站在农村中形成了新的现代化工业的中心。这些中心虽然很小，但是，他们究竟向农民说明，俄国不会停留在手工劳动上，不会永远使用简陋的木犁，而会向另一个时代迈进。”这些充满激情、对新生活美好构想的论述，加上进行了广泛宣传，确定在很大程度上激发了中国农民群众迫切需要改变农村经济文化落后面貌的积极性，农村小水电也由点到面迅速发展起来。当时，不仅水力资源丰富的地区、丘陵地区办电，即便如黄河以北及沿海平原地区也积极利用分散水能资源办电。有一个统计数字也许很能说明问题，到1959年底，全国共建成小水电5586处，装机达到15.03万千瓦。主要分布在四川、山西、山东、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、安徽、浙江、福建、广东、广西、云南、湖南、湖北、河南、河北等很多个省区。在贵州布依族、侗族、苗族，青海回族、藏族，新疆维吾尔族，内蒙蒙古族等许多少数民族地区，也都建起了几座到十几座农村小水电站。到1960年底，全国有1100个县建成小水电8975处25.15万千瓦。客观地说，小水电的发展，为农村电气化的发展，改善农业生产与农民生活，起到了不可替代的作用。 在毛泽东视察金华双龙水电站后，农村小水电的发展在浙江省更是如火如荼。在温州瑞安县，建成了仙岩水电站，发电装机35千瓦，有抽水机、碾米机、榨油机各一台，总投资3.5万元，抽水、加工、照明三项，一年纯收入1.15万元，纯收入加上折旧，3年内即收回投资。在台州，已建成的6000千瓦及以上水电站就有长潭、桐柏、里石门、牛头山和龙溪等五座，发电装机容量4.64千瓦。全省6000千瓦的水电站则超过了一百座。 浙江省水电资源最为丰富的地区在丽水。丽水市位于浙江南部，地属亚热带季风气候区，温暖湿润，四季分明，雨水充沛，多年平均年降水量1360至2280毫米，是浙江省内降水最丰富的地区之一。境内河流众多，河流落差大，主要有瓯江、飞云江等水系。丽水水利部门在2004年作过一次调查，调查论证的结果是确认丽水境内的水电资源理论蕴藏量约396万千瓦，常规可开发水电装机容量达327.8万千瓦，年发电量约70.3亿千瓦时，其中大于1万千瓦以上电站装机容量为238.1万千瓦。另外，抽水蓄能电站可开发的装机容量约1000万千瓦。到2008年底，丽水全市建成的水电站多达778处，总装机容量已达170.2万千瓦，其中农村水电站776处，装机132.4万千瓦。已建与在建的水电装机占全市水电可开发总量的77%。水电产业对丽水市国民生产总值的贡献率已达8%。该市景宁县的农村水电经济总量更是已经跃居全县各行业之首，税费收入占到了全县当地财政总收入的三分之一。鉴于丽水市在水电开发利用方面所作出的突出贡献，2006年，丽水市被授予“中国水电第一市”称号。 丽水境