Chapter 50 Chapter 49 Heilongjiang with magnificent mountains and rivers

Heilongjiang is a great river, it is also famous in the world, it has a brilliant history and brilliant achievements in human history.Only Heilongjiang Province in the country is named after the big river "Heilongjiang", which shows that Heilongjiang has a wide influence and high merit. Heilongjiang Province is not only vast in size and territory, but also rich in products and rich in culture. It is a large province composed of many ethnic minorities.Indeed, for Chinese people, as long as Heilongjiang is mentioned, they will naturally think of the Great Northern Wilderness, the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains, Daqing Petroleum, the vast Sanjiang Plain, and those fierce and colorful ethnic minorities.Yes, the prairie, big wetland, big lake, big granary and big mountains and rivers in Heilongjiang Province have left a very deep impression on people and attract people's yearning.In Chinese history, those who know more or less about the history of Heilongjiang know that because Heilongjiang is located in the northeast of the motherland, the natural conditions here, especially in winter, are particularly harsh. A hundred years ago, it was sparsely populated, and it was called "" It's a place of extreme loneliness, where horses are dead and people are dead."It is here that it became the place where the courts of all dynasties exiled prisoners.However, due to the fact that this place where "chopsticks can be inserted into flowers" has many rivers and fertile land, it has been idle for many years without doing anything.So those who escaped from Shandong and came to the Guandong came to this magical land to make a living and start a business.

The Heilongjiang River Basin has undulating mountains and rich earth deposits, and it has become an attractive "golden road" for all dynasties.Many gold diggers and gold diggers have left their homes and businesses and come here from thousands of miles to dream of getting rich.They just go down the river or upstream along this thick and vigorous Heilongjiang River, to pan for gold, to dig gold, or to collect ginseng and mink in the old forests in the deep mountains.As we all know, such a rich treasure land is the "Land of Longxing" in the Qing Dynasty, that is, "Land of Longxing". This place was once strictly forbidden for foreigners to open up wasteland and farm here.So it became a paradise for rivers, lakes, mountains and beasts, and a sacred place where Daur, Ewenki, Oroqen, and Hezhe people advocated shamanism and totem nature.As the famous poet Guo Xiaochuan sang in "Carved on the Land of the Great Northern Wilderness":

"Inherit it, children and grandchildren of our descendants! This is an eternal property that will last forever; let it be cultivated, the master of the future world! This is a magical land, which is hard to find in the world. This land, head Pillowing the mountain, facing the country gate, the wind is so fast and the road is so far away that even the ancient travelers can hardly visit; this land is backed by the forest sea, and the foot is in the middle of the lake. The water is deep and the snow is thick. ... This land, it used to be like a forgotten mother! That clear lake, like her eyes looking out into the evening; this land, it used to be like an exiled people! That empty valley, like his Listen to the sound of footsteps like your ears..."

With the establishment of New China, some counter-revolutionaries and bad elements were sent to the Great Northern Wilderness for labor reform.To be honest, they were the first outsiders to settle down here, marry wives and have children. They spent the years they will never forget in the company of this Heilongjiang River.It is also this great river that transforms them into an ordinary, self-reliant laborer.Immediately afterwards, in order to develop the Great Northern Wilderness, the central government sent another 100,000 officers and soldiers to take off their military uniforms and start a business in the Great Northern Wilderness to develop my country's agricultural production.It is the 100,000 officers and soldiers of this hero who opened up thousands of farms in the Great Northern Wilderness, lit piles of raging bonfires on the banks of the Heilongjiang River, built dikes and dams, dredged the rivers, built beautiful homes, and defended this "eternal property" ".They are the vanguard and advance team of the earliest establishment of collective farms in New China.Those who were labeled as rightists in 1957 were also arranged to participate in labor here.Together with the reclamation warriors, local people, various ethnic minorities, and millions of educated youths who later went to the countryside, they opened up hundreds of millions of acres of fertile land on the banks of the Heilongjiang River, gradually turning the Great Northern Wilderness into the world-famous Beidacang.This is exactly the miracle on earth completed under the irrigation of Heilongjiang water.Therefore, every Heilongjiang person is proud of this.

More than 30 years ago, I was a truck driver, often running long distances in this area of ​​the Heilongjiang River Basin.I have been on the 18th plate, waded through the big river, walked through the black forest, experienced terrible smoke bubbles and storms, and drove a big truck on the snow-capped fields of Heilongjiang, along the coast of Heilongjiang, in the impenetrable virgin forest , in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains, driving day and night among countless rivers and lakes in the Heilongjiang River Basin, this allowed me to fully appreciate the magnificence and grandeur of Heilongjiang, and deeply felt the revolutionary optimism of the people of Heilongjiang in the difficult years and in the difficult environment The spirit of patriotism and the spirit of patriotism and dedication.Some people say, "The largest granary in the country depends on Heilongjiang".It is indeed a golden language.Yes, the mountains and rivers in the Heilongjiang River Basin, and the hundreds of millions of people in Heilongjiang have made great contributions to our great motherland.And those soldiers of the People's Liberation Army who used to colonize and guard the border here, hundreds of thousands of educated youths, and those so-called rightists, until today they still have a very strong affection for the Heilongjiang River that nourishes them and the Great Northern Wilderness that nourishes them.Yes, Heilongjiang is the witness of their lives. It is the water of Heilongjiang that nourishes them and makes them mature from a young man, creating a miracle in life.All this made them haunted by dreams and souls, unforgettable.Their favorite song is "Northern Jiangnan Heilongjiang": "Northern Jiangnan Heilongjiang, everyone says, North Dacang..."

Heroic Heilongjiang Province is located in the northeast of my country. It is the northernmost province of the People's Republic of China and the province with the highest latitude. It has a total area of ​​454,000 square kilometers, accounting for 4.7% of China's land area, ranking sixth in the country.Moreover, Heixiazi Island in the east of Heilongjiang Province is the first place where the sun rises in the Republic.I have been there several times to watch fishermen fishing and watch the sun rise.In Mohe, Heilongjiang Province, if you are lucky, you can not only see the daytime, but also the magical Northern Lights.

In the west of Heilongjiang Province, there is a provincial border of more than 2,000 kilometers connected to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with various customs and beautiful scenery.In the south of Heilongjiang Province, about 1,300 kilometers away, the provincial border borders Jilin. It has a majestic posture and simple folk customs.When we appreciate the territory of Heilongjiang, you will find that it is like a swan flying with wings, and some scholars directly translate the three characters "Harbin", the capital of Heilongjiang, into "Swan". The great Heilongjiang is not only the third largest water system in China, but also one of the top ten rivers in Asia.If we take the Hailar River as the source of Heilongjiang to calculate, the total length of Heilongjiang is about 4478 kilometers.Yes, Heilongjiang originates from the eastern part of the Kent Mountains in Mongolia and is formed by the confluence of the Shilka River and the Ergun River. It is very magnificent and magnificent.It then flows through the southeast border of the northern Heilongjiang province of China and the Khabarovsk region of Russia, and flows into the Tatar Strait of the Hoetsk Sea.

Yes, in history, the entire Heilongjiang belongs to the territory of the Yuan Dynasty and is an inland river of the Yuan Dynasty.It was after the "Sino-Russian Aihui Treaty" signed in 1858, which was humiliating and humiliating, that Heilongjiang became the border river between most of China and Russia.In ancient times, Heilongjiang was not called "Heilongjiang", but "Black Water".The reason why it is called black water is because its water color is dark. Then, the reason why it is dark is that the river water contains a lot of humus. Heilongjiang is also named because of the color of this water.

In Manchu, Heilongjiang is called "Saharian Ula", in which "Saharian" means black, and in Russian it is called "Amur".In fact, there are many other names of Heilongjiang in ancient Chinese literature, such as "Black Water", "Weak Water", "Wuhuan River", etc. We first mentioned it in the "History of Liao Dynasty" in the 13th century AD. See the name "Heilongjiang".It was not until the Qing Dynasty that the name of this great river was determined to be "Heilongjiang", and the Russian side called it "Amur River".

The flowing area of ​​Heilongjiang is 1,855,000 square kilometers, and the original flow in China is 1620 kilometers. The upper reaches of Heilongjiang are called "Hailaer River" by local people.The Hailar River flows westward into Manzhouli, where it turns northeastward, and this section is also called the "Ergun River".Most of the places where the Ergun River passes are wide lands, the river water is very clear, and the sand content is very small.When we see the river here, we will feel a kind of purity, magic and sacredness, and we will even have some philosophical thinking, yes, all rivers are like people, when they come to nature, come to this world When it is up, it is the purest and purest.Or we can also say "at the beginning of water, nature is pure".This is indeed the case, and this is also the common characteristic of all rivers in the world.However, during the flood period, the Erguna River will pour back into the Hulun Pond, turning the Hulun River into a soupy pond, which is also a natural wonder, a feat of nature, and an image proof of the abundance of water in Heilongjiang.

The Ergun River merges with the Shilika River near Enhe Hada, west of the Mohe River, and forms the mighty Heilongjiang River.As we all know, the 900-kilometer river from Luoguhe Village to Heihe City is called the upper reaches of Heilongjiang, and the 950-kilometer river from Heihe to the mouth of the Wusuli River is called the middle reaches of Heilongjiang. The watershed about 970 kilometers below the mouth of the Suli River is called the lower reaches of Heilongjiang.The southern part of the Heilongjiang water system, the Ergun River and the main stream of Heilongjiang, and the Wusuri River, a tributary of Heilongjiang, are the border rivers between China and Russia.Therefore, Heilongjiang is also known as an international river with a "mysterious landscape" and is one of the few unpolluted rivers in the world. The world is vast, and Heilongjiang has come from ancient times.So our archaeologists will find many ancient fossils along the banks of the river, such as mammoth fossils, dinosaur fossils, and so on.Yes, the long-lived Heilongjiang is not only the largest river in Heilongjiang, but also a famous river in the world second only to my country's Yangtze River and Yellow River in length.Moreover, the Heilongjiang River Basin has a dense network of rivers and numerous lakes. There are more than 10,000 tributaries and more than 60,000 lakes.On the Chinese side, the largest tributaries of Heilongjiang are Songhua River, Wusuli River, Huma River and Xun River.The main lakes in the Heilongjiang Basin include the famous Hulun Lake and Bell Lake, the beautiful Jingpo Lake, the mysterious Tianchi Lake, the vast and boundless Xingkai Lake and Wudalianchi Lake, etc., etc.Yeah, it's so great. More than 20 years ago, I was traveling downstream along the Heilongjiang River. On the way to the Wusuli River, I met a Japanese girl hiking by accident in the same section of the river, and lived in a village of Hezhen people. For a few days, we ate raw fish together, watched the singing performance of the Hezhe people, and watched the prey they harvested.I once asked this Japanese girl, what are you doing in China so far away?She said that she was going to Wusu Town to watch the sunrise.This naive Japanese girl came to China and only studied Chinese in Beijing for a week before she came to Heilongjiang alone with only one purpose, that is, to see Heilongjiang and the sunrise in Wusu Town.It shows how fascinating Heilongjiang is in the eyes of people all over the world.Indeed, the vegetation in Heilongjiang 20 years ago was still very good. Standing on the bank of Heilongjiang with that Japanese girl, looking at the city of Leninskaya in Russia on the opposite bank, we were full of emotions and mixed feelings. Because it is an important inland river in Heilongjiang Province, it naturally becomes an important transportation line.As we all know, the water volume of the main stream of Heilongjiang is so abundant, not only the river is wide but also deep, and its water flow is also very stable, except during the period of floods. Usually, this steadily flowing Heilongjiang provides very convenient natural conditions for the shipping industry. You can even go directly to Mohe Town by steamboat. If you go to the Ergun River in the upper reaches of Heilongjiang, you can get there by a wooden boat.Some people may ask, what to do in winter?In winter, Heilongjiang becomes an ice transport line that stretches for thousands of miles. It is precisely because of the cold climate in Heilongjiang Province that after the river freezes, the ice layer in Heilongjiang is very thick, and the thickest part can reach two meters. about.I have personally driven a truck across the thick, frozen river.Local residents use this natural ice road to travel by horse-drawn sled.It can be said that Heilongjiang is an unparalleled amphibious transportation avenue.Since the Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Wusuli River have more than 200 days of shipping each year, this has formed an extremely powerful water transport capacity.Moreover, it directly enters the Strait of Tartar, the Sea of ​​Japan and the Pacific Ocean from the sea.Therefore, people call it the "Northern Silk Road" given by God.In fact, this river was called the "golden waterway" in ancient times, and the ethnic minorities living here relied on this river to migrate, live and work.Take the Hezhe people as an example, they established their own tribe and formed their own culture along this river. In history, the famous Middle East Railway is also closely related to this great river.When Li Hongzhang signed an agreement with Russia on the construction of the Middle East Railway, this river became an important channel for the Russians to transport railway equipment. Many railway locomotives, lathes and various mechanical equipment in railway factories passed through this river. Dajiang is transported to various railway stations along the way by large barges or ice sailboats, and then transported to Harbin.Near the Railway Club on the Songhua River in Harbin, it used to be a water transport terminal for the Middle East Railway. At that time, there was a temporary track leading directly to the Sanliupeng Railway Rolling Stock Factory, where the railway equipment unloaded from the ship was loaded. Trains go directly to railway factories. Not only that, Heilongjiang was once enslaved by the tsar and Japanese invaders who invaded China, and became the main water channel for transporting timber from Daxingling and Xiaoxingling in Heilongjiang.Through some historical photos and images, as well as relevant written materials, we can see that our rich forest resources—wood—were transported to Russia and Japan through this vicissitudes-ridden river.And the long, continuous, and invisible wooden rafts formed the history of humiliation in Heilongjiang. Yes, the Heilongjiang River does have an important strategic position and a role that cannot be ignored in the military.It can be said that Heilongjiang nurtured the many cities and villages along the coast of Heilongjiang. From the map, we can see that there are Mohe County, Heihe City, Tongjiang City, Huma County, Xunke County, Jiayin County, Fuyuan City and many other towns on the south bank of Heilongjiang. It became an important port city in life and played an important role in the economic development of the locality and the republic.Those cities on the Russian side of the Amur River, such as Galinda, Blagoveshchensk, Poyarkov, Bashkovo, Amurtet, Leninskye, Khabarovsk, Bijin, Iraqi Man, Turilo River, and Berdavka are also friendly cities that we are familiar with and mutually beneficial.Therefore, Heilongjiang is a river of friendship. But in history, Heilongjiang was not a warm lady.In its specific period and in a specific environment, it will become violent, harm the common people, and bring huge disasters to the residents on both sides of Heilongjiang.Not to mention, since the 17th century, there have been more than 200 major floods in the Heilongjiang River Basin in China.We can also see these historical records from some memorials of that year: In September 1820, Heilongjiang Garrison Minister Yi Hao and others played: "The servant...arrived at Maoxing Station in Qiqihar on June 22. According to the news that the deputy governor, Chun Changbaozha, knew that the provincial capital was flooded. The servant immediately galloped forward and went to Duonai Station. The river was overflowing and the roads were blocked. After passing by the deputy capital... the servants came here with a wail. The servant then traveled more than 200 miles in a wail and arrived at the provincial capital of Qiqihar. The crops were flooded by water, and they should be interviewed by the Ding and others in the villages and stations. It is said that a lot of grain cellars and livestock have been lost in each household, and there are injuries among the Ding. The slaves checked around the city of Qiqihar Province, and the water receded very slowly. , the disaster situation is serious... Now all the bannermen have to make ends meet, and they will not lose anything. According to the report of the deputy governor of Moergen... the report said: The Nen River surged sharply, the northwest wall of the Moergen Tucheng subsided, and the houses of officers and soldiers And the crops planted in Tunzhuang, the accumulated grain and rocks were flooded by water. The houses, crops, livestock, and grain and rocks accumulated in the three banners of Xianghuang, Zhenghuang, and Zhenghong living in Butha along the river were also flooded by water. The situation was reported one after another. Come...Moreover, more than 1,300 officers and soldiers of Suo Dahuer who submitted the ermine fur to Butha Lai Province are now blocked by water and cannot return to their original places. , Temporarily borrowed three hundred and ninety taels of cash from the treasury officers and soldiers on business trips, counted the number of people and collected them to make ends meet, and consulted on the exact number of washed rooms, field crops, and livestock in Moergen, Butha, etc. , whether there is any damage to the population, detailed investigation... Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, Moergen, Butha, Maoxing, Moergen and other stations were flooded with a total of 112,872 fields. The victims of the disaster in the city, etc., have been rescued first from the second storehouse of the public reserve...outside, and now the relief should be done at ten stations, including the one-point to three-point banner Yingguantun and Takhar, for a total of 11,000 1,603 households, 53,054 large mouths and 11,569 small mouths, starting from August, October, December of this year and [February] next year to It will end at the end of July, as four aids... In 1822, Songyun and others played: "...Heilongjiang and the city of Morgan were flooded..." "According to the reports of the deputy capital commanders and general manager assistant leaders of the respective departments, the harvest in the disaster-stricken areas of Heilongjiang and Kumul stations this year is only two to three percent, and the rations have been loaned out through petitions...Qiqihar City, Since the twenty-fifth year of Jiaqing [1820], the two places in Morgan City have been flooded year after year. This year, the harvest is more than half of the cost, and it has not been harvested... I am afraid that there will be a shortage of seeds when the spring is not harvested. Please prepare for it. The Liang Shi Nei Zuoming lent 10,000 shi to the grain as seeds for cultivation..." In 1828, Jilin Garrison Minister Bo Qitu and others wrote a list: I hereby approve Ning Guta's Deputy Chief... According to the consultation, he went to various investigations in person. During the summer and autumn of this year, it was raining continuously, and all the crops had been injured.From the 5th to the 20th day of the seventh month [August 15th to 30th], it rained continuously for several days, causing the river to rise and overflow, and all the crops planted in the Linhe area were washed away.Although Gaofu has not been flooded, the crops have been injured, and the harvest is only more than a quarter.The harvest in the low-lying land is only more than one-third, and the statistics of the harvest are true. ...I also went to Hunchun to investigate the crops planted by the soldiers of the Three Banners. Because of the continuous rain, the river was flooded and flooded.All the parts that were not flooded were scratched by the strong wind, and the statistics of the harvest are true... In 1837, the Heilongjiang garrison minister Feng A and others wrote a list: Now, according to the deputy governor...reporting one after another...From August 14th to 17th [September 13-16], there were continuous days of heavy wind and rain, and various fields and crops were damaged...three points of the harvest Remain…… In 1879, Feng Shen, Minister of Heilongjiang Garrison and others played: "In Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, and Butha, the summer rain is the most timely. Since autumn, the rain has been continuous, and the waters of Nenjiang, Heilongjiang and other rivers have all risen. There are many fields and crops flooded. In the month, it was declared and reported to the Ministry of Household Affairs... Although the water potential is fading, the lower depressions are still occupied by water, and the fields in the Gaofu land were also injured by the autumn rain, and the harvest was only one-third, one-third, or one-point. Twenty-seven stations such as Maoxing and Murgen received six points, five points, four points, more than three points, and three points." In 1888, the Heilongjiang garrison minister Gong Bo and others played: "According to the report from the head of the Navy Battalion, Qiqihar City, before it was frozen last year [1887], four large ships and five secondary ships were pulled into the river mouth to berth... on March 25th of this year [1888] [May 5th] A sudden storm broke out at night, the river flooded, the waves were raging, and the ice platoon sailed down the current, crushing four large ships and two secondary ships, floating and sinking along the current..." In 1896, 1897, 1910...there were flood reports.Its tragic situation can be seen from the title of "The Thief's Night Fire" in the "Illustration of the Hungry People": "Hungry people can't bear the hunger and cold. Seeing that people have some clothes, money and food, they meet in groups of a dozen, open doors and windows at night, ... rob property, and destroy the good people's family in an instant. See [now] this night, everywhere. " Zhang Yanghaozhi of the Qing Dynasty also wrote in his famous article "Mourning the Refugees": "Alas, vagrants, for ghosts are not ghosts, and people are not human; Alas, vagrants, men have no robes, and women have no skirts; Alas, vagrants, who strip trees and eat their barks, and eat their roots; Alas, vagrants, Stop the smoke and fire, and sleep in the stars at night;... Alas, refugee, when the sky rains, the maidservant will survive." It's shocking!And these are just the written records extracted by the author in several major floods.But the emperor at that time, in the face of the catastrophe, just walked out of the palace, burned incense, worshiped Buddha, and put on a show.Even what Emperor Daoguang said had a sense of self-blame. He said that the flood not only threatened the common people with death, but even wild animals, insects, and plants lost their lives. As the king of a country, I should comfort the common people. He began to eat fast and offer offerings.He also said that the reason for the great flood was that I had committed so many crimes that I could not feel the feelings of God, and that millions of ordinary people suffered because of me. However, all of this is nothing more than the emperor's show and buying people's hearts. The common people's families are still ruined, and their wives and children are separated. Yes, some scholars also believe that the emperors and regimes of all dynasties in China, no matter what they were, did not dare to take it lightly in the face of major floods, and formulated some related flood control measures, such as building water conservancy, controlling river disasters, and so on.In fact, such measures were implemented in various vassal states during the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.Dujiangyan, Zhengguo Canal, etc. are all famous water conservancy projects built at that time.Yes, of course we have seen that managing the troubles of rivers has been the top priority of dynasties in history.There are even some emperors who presided over the river management in person. There was Dayu to control the water, and successive kings used a lot of financial resources to control the river. They all took some measures to prevent floods, such as planting trees to protect embankments, such as dredging the river.All these have left valuable historical experience for China's history of disaster reduction and flood control.Speaking of which, the central governments of all dynasties have also had relevant agencies to pay attention to water regimes, observe astronomy and meteorology, and have printed some pamphlets, such as the almanac of the twenty-four solar terms, to remind people to pay attention to changes in the weather.The Qin Dynasty stipulated that governments at all levels must control and fight floods.Until the Song Dynasty, there were some relatively complete systems for reporting flood disasters.In the Ming Dynasty, there was already a special system of messengers riding fast horses to report the flood situation to the emperor.All of this has also left valuable experience and reference for future generations in flood control. Due to the continuous occurrence of flood disasters, after all, the old government was unfavorable in governance at that time. Under the helpless situation of the common people, the feudal culture derived from the floods also appeared one after another. flood.The most famous of them is the "Legend of Old Li with Bald Tail".This beautiful story is essentially a manifestation of the hopelessness of the people, a fantasy sustenance, and a plea for peace.It is said that this moving story was formed by word of mouth among those who broke through the Guandong.According to the legend, they attribute the flooding of Heilongjiang to a ferocious white dragon, and the bald-tailed Lao Li is a black dragon from the sky. , Helping the people along the coast of Heilongjiang do a great deed, so that they can live and work in peace and contentment.Since then, people have called this river Heilongjiang.Of course, the flooding in Heilongjiang will never be safe because of legends like the bald-tailed Lao Li. After the founding of New China, the governments at all levels of Heilongjiang, especially the counties along the coast of Heilongjiang, included the governance of Heilongjiang in their important tasks.They deeply understand that Heilongjiang can not only benefit millions of people in Heilongjiang, but also provide great convenience in transportation, tourism, irrigation, power generation and so on.At the same time, because the Heilongjiang River Basin is long and the water system is complex, under certain seasons and climates, it can also cause huge disasters and bring immeasurable losses to the politics, economy and the broad masses of the people on both sides of the strait. Heilongjiang has set up some related departments such as the Water Conservancy Department, the Flood Control Office, and the headquarters. Along the Heilongjiang River, there are hydrological observation stations and observation stations during the flood season. Several large and small flood control and flood discharge facilities have been established. flood discharge area.However, raging floods often destroy these facilities with overwhelming force.In recent years, the average rainfall in Heilongjiang has reached 157.1 millimeters, which has caused the water levels of some tributaries in the Heilongjiang River Basin, such as the Hulan River, Huma River, Tangwang River, Tongken River, and Gan River, to exceed the warning line. More than a dozen reservoirs reached the highest water level during the flood season, forcing some small reservoirs to take extraordinary measures to release floodwaters. This caused disasters in dozens of cities and counties, farms, forest farms and hundreds of villages and towns across the province. Yes, this was related to the continuous rainfall at that time, which prompted the rise of all major rivers in Heilongjiang Province.Take Yichun City, which is known as the "storm center", as an example. In the late 1990s, the average precipitation here reached 198.5 millimeters, which was nearly double that of the same period in previous years.Not only that, due to the heavy rain every day, this record has been continuously refreshed and improved, causing the water in various small tributaries in Yichun to generally rise.Among them, the water level of Tangwang River rose nearly 3 meters at once.In this way, all the small and medium rivers in the center of the torrential rain came out of their troughs.During the same period, Hegang, Jiamusi, Shuangyashan, Qitaihe, Jixi, and Mudanjiang in the east of Harbin also rained every day, and some places even experienced heavy rain.These heavy rainfalls are often accompanied by lightning, thunder, huge winds, and even hail.Local torrents and mudslides were caused in mountainous areas with heavy rainstorms... The Tangwang River, Shuangyang River and Wuyir River in the central part of Heilongjiang suffered heavy rain. At the same time, the water level of the Harbin section of the Songhua River rose to 112.04 meters, and the water level of the Nen River also followed. The rapid rise.All the flood peaks in this section of the river are close to the warning water level.Not only that, the torrential rain for several days has also caused great disasters to Keshan, Huma and other counties. Taking Keshan as an example, the area of ​​Keshan’s crops has reached one million mu, and 100,000 villages have been besieged by the flood. There were many, causing direct economic losses of more than 70 million yuan. The farmlands of three townships in the nearby Huma County were all flooded, washing away 1,500 cubic meters of wood and 2 million sections of fungus.Not only that, the flood in 1998 also brought direct damage to the traffic of many small and medium-sized cities in Heilongjiang, and the railway was interrupted. Among them, some railway foundations of the Heibei Railway were destroyed by the flood, and many large and medium-sized reservoirs were in danger immediately, and even destroyed by the flood. The Black North Railway caused a passenger car to overturn into the water, resulting in 2 missing and 1 dead... Heilongjiang is the border river between China and Russia. It flows from Mohe River along the back of Heilongjiang River. It not only creates prosperity on both sides of the river, but also raises generations of brothers and sisters on both sides of the river. Heavy rain, heavy thunderstorms continued.In order to reduce the disasters caused by floods, the local governments along the Heilongjiang River Basin, on the one hand, stepped up the evacuation of the affected population, and on the other hand, organized the local people to fight the floods and rescue disasters.The local government has also taken active and effective measures.In terms of defensive measures, multi-channel fundraising was adopted to speed up the construction of flood control projects to provide flood control capacity, and reinforcement measures were adopted to increase the anti-scouring capacity and improve the level of flood control.At the same time, publicity and education have been strengthened, people's awareness of floods has been enhanced, and a series of laws and regulations such as the "Water Law" and "Flood Control Law" have been vigorously publicized.Implement the method of strengthening management, head responsibility system, and implementation at all levels.And let these responsibilities run through all aspects of flood prevention preparation, inspection, rescue, disaster relief and post-disaster production. In order to improve the flood prevention plan and vigorously strengthen the reserve of flood control materials, governments at all levels along Heilongjiang, in the face of major floods and in potentially dangerous areas, first evacuate the local people in advance, do their ideological work, and mobilize They leave their well-established homes.When some people left their homes, they stood on the road and shouted to the sky: God, stop raining!But this is nature, we can only understand it, treat it scientifically, and strengthen prevention. We have seen that when these disaster-stricken villagers were moved to safe areas by the government, some were placed in primary schools or arranged in stadiums, and proper arrangements were provided.Take Wudalianchi City, which was the most affected by the disaster, as an example. The local government provided a large number of single clothes, quilts, and food for the displaced victims to ensure the basic living needs of the displaced people.Ensure the supply of their daily necessities and medical treatment. The river water in Heilongjiang is still rising, and some embankments have begun to seep.It was in such a dangerous situation that some villagers refused to listen to the dissuasion of the resettlement cadres, and insisted on going home to see the pigs they painstakingly raised and their own fish ponds, which made the work of local cadres more difficult.But the party and the government are responsible for the lives and properties of the people, to persuade the victims, and to resolve conflicts. In the face of the great flood, some local governments along the river set up the flood control headquarters on the embankment, commanding in the face of danger, commanding from the front, and insisting on a spirit of being responsible to the people and the country, they strengthened the embankment and defended their homes.In the face of the great flood, all the cadres of local government agencies, street cadres and the masses of the people, under the circumstances of high waves, high winds and heavy water, worked together to rush to the battlefield of embankment repair.They chanted the slogan of "go all out, work hard, take off your cotton clothes and sweat profusely".The top leaders of all local governments and all members of the leadership team are fighting on the front line of flood fighting and rescue.Some key members took the lead and even fought against floods while sick.Some female cadres had just given birth and were still very weak, so they rushed to the embankment for rescue and relief.Among them, after more than 400 people in Heihe City fought day and night, the Heibei Railway was finally reopened to traffic. That year, I happened to be in Huma County.Since ancient times, Huma County has been known as "bordered by black water, paved with gold".When I went to eat at the small restaurant next to the small village by the Heilongjiang River, the owner told me that there are many agates on the riverside of Heilongjiang behind the house, you can pick them up, and I will cook fish for you here.As he said, we picked up many large and small agates along the Heilongjiang River, which shocked me, and I felt that Heilongjiang was a noble river, a great river.The embankments of Heilongjiang are full of radiant agates, which make Heilongjiang more charming and mysterious... We ate fresh fish that the boss just brought from Heilongjiang in this small restaurant, some fried , there are raw mixes, and they eat big steamed buns made from the wheat they just laid.While eating, drinking, and drinking fish soup, we found out that the boss used to be from Harbin. He came here when he went to the countryside, and he never left. He stayed here, married a wife and had children...he I have personally witnessed many major floods in Heilongjiang.He said, when the flood came down, I would send my family to the provincial capital, and I would stay to fight the flood and cook for the soldiers and civilians who fought against the flood... He also showed me a certificate of merit for us to see.The pride is beyond words.When we continued to investigate along Heilongjiang in a jeep, he waved at us and shouted: Don't forget, there is still an old educated youth from Harbin staying here... During the investigation, I learned that Lie, Huma County also began to have continuous rainfall in June 1998, and the Kuan River in the territory was the first to attack.At that time, the Kuanhe Hydropower Station with an investment of nearly 200 million yuan had not yet been closed, and the embankment was in danger of collapsing at any time in front of the flood.This will threaten the lives and properties of several nearby villages and many people.And at that time, the local government had been flooded.In order to protect the Kuanhe embankment and the Kuanhe hydropower station, they led the cadres and the masses to organize a 180-member rescue commando, fighting day and night, and blocked the flood under the dam. As for the torrential rain at that time, I once wrote such a record in an article: Heavy rain was still pouring on the wasteland, and the frequent thunder and wind remained undiminished. There was also a large seam the width of a finger.As the saying goes, "A hole as big as a needle's eye is a strong wind." This big gap of one centimeter wide is a big wind.In addition, the lock on the door has been in disrepair for a long time.干脆就在风口里和衣而眠吧……躺下之后，大雨不断流儿地敲打在小客栈的洋铁房盖上，发出巨大的轰鸣声【居然是洋铁房盖儿，是学边境那边俄人的造屋之术吗？ 】，狂风又吹得洋铁房盖儿发出一阵阵哗啦啦的抖动声，像疯狂的音乐家弹奏的狂想曲一样。我像一具裹尸那样躺在冰凉的火炕上，在大自然如此狂野的演奏之下实在是无法安眠……跛脚店主说，现在的天儿呀没有过去那么冷啦，过去，到了十月中旬这里就开始下大雪啦，嘿，白茫茫的一片哪，到了下雪的日子哟，我这个瘸子就更不好走路啦。我听了之后便不住地点头，瘸子走雪路的艰难情景我是能想象出来的……他说，风雨一大，电指定就没有了，咱这个熊地方就这样。要是赶到雨季的时候，这里还经常发大水，淹庄稼呢。听打鱼的说，俄罗斯那边盖了七个水库，雨一大，水一多，水库盛不下了，他们就开闸放水。老毛子脑瓜子活着哪，你说他们不知道一放水淹咱的庄稼？指定是知道，嘿嘿，就是装不知道呗。then what should we do?I asked.他说，抗洪啊，洪水就是命令啊，连我这个瘸子也不能例外。 ……凌晨4点多钟，我们从小客栈出来了……虽然此刻天已经麻麻亮了，但风势却依旧很强大，很剽悍，人走在路上根本走不稳的…… 我去的嘉阴县之黑龙江，在1998年也发生了历史罕见的大洪水，大洪水不仅进了城，而且淹没了平房的房檐，整个县城有1.4万群众被困，有的被困在二楼的房顶上。为此，黑龙江省人民政府立刻派出大型客轮、货轮、航标艇、冲锋艇，进行救援，黑龙江省委、省政府发出了紧急通知，要求在大灾面前，在洪水面前，一定要确保当地人民群众生命安全，迅速将受灾群众转移，安排好他们的食宿和医疗。当时黑龙江中下游的罗北、绥滨、同江等段，也在洪水的侵袭之中。在黑龙江省委、省政府统一指挥下，出动船只200多艘，车辆3000台，抗洪草袋子500万条，转移人民群众8万多人，并且无一人伤亡。 就是这次1998年的大洪水，给沿江的11个市、县、国营农场造成严重损失。被淹的农田有345万亩，321个村庄被洪水淹没，1.75万民房倒塌，有27处堤防决口，冲毁桥涵398座，冲毁电讯线路405公里，有10万多人民群众受灾，直接经济损失达2.56亿元。 的确，在黑龙江两岸，哪里有洪灾哪里就有乡、村的干部，哪里就有党员，哪里就有解放军战士和武警官兵。在大洪水袭来时，他们率先跳下去，堵漏洞，堵溃穴，奋力抢救受灾的人民群众。黑龙江两岸的红十字会，在抗洪救灾当中发挥积极作用。特别是在1998年抗洪救灾当中，当地的红十字会立刻投入到抗洪救灾的第一线，将药品、食品，送到每一个受灾群众的手中。而黑龙江沿岸的各级机关、企事业单位，都积极捐款，向受灾区献一份爱心。 在抗洪抢险的过程中，黑龙江沿岸的广大人民群众谱写了一曲又一曲抗洪救灾的凯歌，谱写了一曲又一曲抗洪救灾的诗篇，沿江所有的县市政府的领导，都在第一时间赶赴抗洪抢险现场，靠前指挥，并组织公安干警，武警官兵，机关干部，社区工作人员，按照预定的方案，有条不紊地、有序地疏散群众，解救那些已经受困的人民群众。全国植树模范马有顺，在历年的抗洪当中表现出了一个共产党员的模范带头作用。当他看到洪水将大片人工林冲毁时，心急如焚，人工林被毁，是关系到为子孙后代造福的大事，他不顾年事已高，亲自参加抗洪抢险工作，使得他所在的茂林农场，没有受到洪水的冲击。有的人还把马有顺抗洪抢救的事迹编成了表演唱《老英雄堵缺口》。 可以说，在历年的防汛抗洪的战斗当中，黑龙江省委、省政府从来是以党和人民的利益为重，为确保国家和人民群众的生命财产安全，殚精竭虑，实事求是，指挥有利，方案科学，率领着黑龙江广大人民群众和各级政府、武警官兵、解放军战士，夺取了一个又一个抗洪抢险战斗的胜利，谱写了一曲曲气壮山河的抗洪抢险的凯歌。 在抗洪抢险的紧急关口，黑龙江省委、省政府从来是在第一时间召开全省的防汛抗洪的紧急电话电视会议，部署全省党委、政府，一定要按照党中央国务院的部署和要求，把防汛抗洪工作作为当前压倒一切的中心任务，全民动员，全力以赴，坚持黑龙江流域防洪与城市防洪相结合，防洪与排内涝相结合，抗洪防汛与安全转移相结合，黑龙江、嫩江防汛以松花江及其他大小河流防汛相结合，确保人民群众生命财产安全，坚决夺取抗洪工作的全面胜利。 众所周知，1998年黑龙江、嫩江就连续发生三次大的洪水。黑龙江流域所有的河流水位都快速上涨，威胁了全省35个县市，310多个乡镇，2000多个村屯的安全，黑龙江省委、省政府的主要领导在洪水面前，亲赴抗洪第一县，并派出十几个工作组到黑龙江流域洪水最危险的地段靠前指挥，认真落实防洪的责任制，让400多万群众安全转移，并且无一伤亡。这让专程赶到黑龙江指挥抗洪抢险的水利部副部长朱登铨，称之为“这是一个奇迹”。 黑龙江省委、省政府有关部门的负责同志，在洪水面前乘船沿黑龙江而行，先后到大兴安岭和黑河地区进行实地考查和指导，了解各地防洪准备情况，指出黑龙江发生洪涝灾害的可能性很大，一定要克服麻痹思想和侥幸心理，切实增强防大汛的紧迫感和责任感，制定完善的应急预案，加强堤防等基础设施的建设，认真做好防汛抗洪的各项准备工作，特别要注意局部地区由于暴雨引发的山洪、泥石流等灾害造成的威胁，保护好经济发展成果和人民群众生命财产安全。 在1998年抗洪的危难时刻，党和国家领导人对黑龙江的灾情十分重视，亲赴黑龙江指导抗洪抢险工作，时任中共中央政治局常委的朱镕基同志就亲赴吉林和黑龙江两省考查防汛工作，他指出一定要贯彻党中央和国务院关于今年防汛工作的部署，克服麻痹思想，确保安全度汛，他强调，要立足当前，着眼长远，标本兼治，加强抗洪工程建设，提高防大汛、抗大洪的能力，切实加大生态环境保护和建设力度，从根本上防范和治理水患。这期间，党和国家领导人分别到黑龙江靠前指挥抗洪抢险，使得黑龙江抗洪抢险的工作有了巨大的精神动力和组织保证。 黑龙江是黑龙江省广大人民群众的母亲江，它功勋卓著，乳汁丰沛。我们不会因它偶或发生的洪灾而抹灭它的卓绝功勋，它依然是一条伟大的江。是啊，当我们走进这条江时，就会惊异地发现，这条了不起的黑龙江是世界渔业资源最为丰富，鱼的种类最多的大江。它特产的大马哈鱼、鳌花鱼、鲟、鳇鱼以及“三花五罗”等100多个品种享誉国内海外。创造了巨大的经济效益。 说到鳇鱼，三十年前，我曾从佳木斯乘船出发，沿着黑龙江顺流而下。然后在同江上岸，坐上一辆极为破旧的长途汽车去抚远，去看乌苏里江。从抚远去抓吉的时候正是秋天，正好赶上渔民开滩儿，记得我坐的那辆破旧的长途汽车上有许多是到县城买捕鱼用具、给家里买一些日常用品、给孩子买一些学习用品的渔民，在他们的言谈当中，我得知有一个叫“老三”的人不久前捕到了一条七八百斤的大鳇鱼。这之前我从来没有吃过鳇鱼，不知道鳇鱼是什么味道，但是我知道在清朝，鳇鱼是皇家的贡品。老百姓捕到了它，都要千里迢迢送到北京城去。据说“老三”捕捉的这条鳇鱼还是小的，最大的上千斤。难怪早年的当地人“竟有履鱼背而渡者”…… 黑龙江的另一个特产就是大马哈鱼，它同样是黑龙江人民引以为骄傲的。大马哈鱼不仅肉质鲜美，还有一段凄美的传说。据说大马哈鱼是有罪之鱼，被一种叫麻特哈的巨大的鱼从白令海峡那边，押送到黑龙江直到乌苏里江。乌苏里江是大马哈鱼最后的墓场。我曾在一篇文章中称作是“蓝色的墓场”。我不知道这个传说是否真实，但是，大马哈鱼的确是在这里产籽之后便纷纷死去。而当地的赫哲族人，就是用这些大马哈鱼的鱼皮来做自己的衣服。是啊，很少官人能看到纯正的赫哲人在篝火面前，穿鱼皮衣跳舞的情景，他们绑着长长的指甲，蒙着自己的面孔，既神秘又威严，在篝火前舞蹈，具有极大的震撼力和冲击力。他们称自己是黑龙江的子孙。黑龙江是他们神圣的图腾。 黑龙江是一条取之不尽的仁慈之江。到了冬天的时候，大江冰封之后，沿江的当地的老百姓依旧可以凿冰捕鱼。他们把长长的渔网下到冰窟窿里，起网的时候，最早是用马车拉，后来改为拖拉机，再后来改为大卡车，一网就有几千斤重，上万尾鱼啊。我就曾经参与过这样的生产劳动，令人终身难忘。我也曾在黑龙江的对岸，在俄罗斯看到当地的俄国人用冰钻在冰面上钻一个圆孔，然后坐在小马扎子上悠然自得地钓鱼，极为有趣儿，而且收获颇丰。 我曾经多次乘船沿黑龙江而行，黑龙江两岸野韵十足，雄姿勃发。只要走过黑龙江的人，就一定会对黑龙江拥有更加浓厚的感情。曾经偶然听说长江、黄河有枯水期、断流期，而黑龙江从未断流，它的水势从来是那样的丰富，它的水利资源在理论上的蕴藏量达1153万千瓦，据说可以安装5000瓦以上的电站312座。而且，黑龙江的沿江两岸森林茂密、土壤肥沃，有着丰富的矿产资源，沿江的大片湿地是那些鸟类栖息的天堂，沿岸的森林不仅涵养了水分，也给我们提供了丰富的木材资源。 的确，在黑龙江流域的生命史上，黑龙江曾经桀骜不驯引发大洪水，但是，这恰恰是值得我们反思和进行科学治理的地方。黑龙江从远古走来，创造了历史，创造了人类，创造了文明，开创了龙江儿女的美好生活。 是啊，我深爱着黑龙江，每年都要沿着这条大江走上一段，哪怕只走上一小段，接下来的路程明年再走。总之，是一定要走的，只有走在这条江上，你才会有信心，有自豪感，有创造力。 今天，黑龙江在党中央和黑龙江人民的共同努力下，已经将洪水灾害控制到很小，把洪灾损失减少到最低的程度。是啊，当我们看到黑龙江在我们面前奔腾而过，迅速流走的时候，就会有一种历史的责任感。同志们，我们不仅要尊重这条江，善待这条江，同时还要了解它的个性，它的规律。我们治江、治洪是为了爱它，让它更加的壮美。 黑龙江沿着黑龙江版图的脊背日夜向下奔腾，它给黑龙江省人民，给伟大的共和国创造了无尽的财富，它是一条名副其实伟大的江，功勋卓著的大江啊。 【阿成：黑龙江省作家协会副主席、哈尔滨作协主席】