Chapter 42 Chapter 41 Conghua Experience Wide Accumulation Model

A simple math question is: Is it worth it to exchange four kilowatt-hours of electricity for three kilowatt-hours? Impatient people listened and waved their hands and shook their heads again and again; prudent people listened with suspicion and noncommittal; only smart people who are well versed in dialectics can gain insight into the mystery hidden in this question—— Electricity, as an energy that cannot be stored under normal circumstances, its production, transmission and use are carried out simultaneously; in contrast, the society's demand for power load is changing rapidly: the power during the day, during the day and in the first half of the night The demand is higher, but the electricity consumption in the second half of the night drops sharply, and its demand is half or even less than the former.People with a little common sense can understand that after zero o'clock, the electricity consumption for daily lighting is much less, and there are not as many enterprises operating at night as during the day, and the electricity consumption for production has also dropped greatly.Therefore, in order to meet the use during the peak period and avoid waste during the trough period, the power supply department must coordinate the power generation equipment according to the change of power demand, so as to achieve full power generation during the peak period and energy storage during the trough period, so technicians try to find a place that can store power indirectly Therefore, a power generation method to solve the above-mentioned contradiction between supply and demand - pumped storage power generation, came into being.

A simple math question is: Is it worth it to exchange four kilowatt-hours of electricity in the low-peak period for three kilowatt-hours of electricity in the peak period? Twenty years have passed, and Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station [hereinafter referred to as "Guangzhou Storage"] has proved to the world with its good efficiency, high-quality management and strong coordination ability: value! In 1993, after the first generating unit of the Guangzhou Storage Project was connected to the grid for power generation, Ye Xuanping, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and former governor of Guangdong Province, praised: “Since the reform and opening up of Guangdong, two models have been created. One is the Sanmao Railway model. , and another one is the 'Guangshou Mode'!"

Since then, the "wide storage model" has become famous all over the world. In April 1994, Comrade Yuan Guolin, deputy general manager of China Three Gorges Project Development Corporation, led a group of eight people to Conghua, and inspected the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station on the spot. After that, the confusion about the speed and high efficiency of the construction of the "Guangshou" project was resolved.The delegation sighed sincerely: "Guangshou Model" is walking on a successful scientific management road! Now if you visit the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station, you will feel incredible as if you are walking on the majestic and majestic reservoir embankment with the green water, green mountains, high sky and wide clouds in front of your eyes. It seems that this is a resort, not like a hydropower station— — Surrounded by mountains, with green streams and clear water, the two reservoirs are as crystal clear as sapphires, and the factory buildings and pipelines are all hidden in the green trees.

What is even more amazing is that in the development history of China's engineering management model, the "Guangshou Model" is another project with far-reaching influence after the "Lubuge Experience"! "How did an owner unit with only more than 20 people build the largest pumped storage power station in my country and the largest in the world at that time in less than five years, and connect to the grid for power generation one year in advance?" The confusion of the inspection team back then was brought up again. Let's decrypt it again. 1988.Guangdong.

To talk about the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station, we have to mention the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station. In the early 1980s, when Hong Kong was in its golden age of economic boom, its electricity supply was stretched.In order to seize this business opportunity, not only to solve the energy bottleneck restricting Hong Kong in one fell swoop, but also to raise funds for domestic reform and development, the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power of the People's Republic of China and the Guangdong Provincial Government plan to develop new projects near Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other cities with high power demand. Build a nuclear power plant.The site of the nuclear power plant is Ling'ao Village on the shore of Daya Bay.Don’t think that good things will last forever. During the preparation of the nuclear power plant, Hong Kong residents rallied against the construction of the nuclear power plant due to safety concerns, and the Chinese and British governments discussed the ultimate ownership of Hong Kong. The construction of the nuclear power plant has been repeatedly delayed and experienced ups and downs.After one obstacle after another was resolved, the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant finally broke ground in 1987, and a safe and efficient power supply source will soon be erected in the southern border of the motherland.

With the launch of the nuclear power plant, the construction of a modern pumped storage power plant in the surrounding area has also been put on the agenda.What is the necessary connection between nuclear power plants and hydropower plants?Why do we need relatively inefficient pre-industrial hydropower stations when we have the most advanced nuclear power generation in the field of energy use?In addition, what is the difference between a pumped storage power station and a conventional hydropower station?To sort out the above doubts, it is necessary to return to the original question of "4 KW for 3 KW".

my country is a large energy country. Although coal is the main source, water energy, oil and natural gas reserves are also extremely rich.For a long time, my country has mainly used coal, hydropower and other energy sources to generate electricity.As of December 2000, the total installed capacity of electric power in the country was 319.32 million kilowatts, of which thermal power accounted for 74.39%, hydropower accounted for 24.85%, nuclear power accounted for 0.66%, and wind power and other energy sources accounted for 0.1%.It can be seen that water energy, a renewable resource, as the driving force for power generation is an extremely important part of the national power industry. Because of its advantages of recycling and clean environmental protection, its strategic position has become increasingly prominent.

However, the main contradiction between my country's current power supply and demand has changed from power shortage to power shortage in some areas during peak hours.This assertion conveys two meanings: First, after 30 years of reform and development, the severe nationwide power shortage situation that began in the early 1970s has been fundamentally reversed, and the contradiction between power supply and demand was as early as the "Nineteenth Century" The solution was solved during the five-year period, and the basic balance of power supply and demand was realized under low power consumption levels; second, the balance under such low power consumption levels is extremely fragile. With the rapid development of coastal economies, peak hours The permanent power shortage is becoming more and more serious, and power cuts have become a helpless move.Therefore, to coordinate the contradiction between the peak period and the trough period of electricity consumption, and to configure the peak-shaving capacity of the power grid in response to the trend of increasing peak-valley difference of the power grid has become a top priority for the power industry sector.

More importantly, the whole country is a game of chess, and overall planning and scheduling need to be controlled and orderly.It is conceivable that after the powerful nuclear power plant is put into use, its operation during the low power consumption period has caused a certain degree of waste. Therefore, in order to ensure the safe, stable and economical operation of the nuclear power plant, it is necessary to build a power plant mainly responsible for peak regulation tasks.Among the four power system peak shaving methods: conventional hydropower peak shaving, coal-fired thermal power unit peak shaving, gas turbine peak shaving and pumped storage power plant peak shaving, the state has decided to equip Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station with a pumped storage power plant.

The pumped storage power station is a good solution to the contradiction between supply and demand between peaks and valleys of the power grid.In the second half of the night when electricity consumption is low, it uses excess electricity to drive water pumps to pump water from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir for storage.During the daytime and the first half of the night when electricity consumption is at its peak, the gates are turned on to release water to generate electricity, and the outflowing water is stored in the lower reservoir.In the whole process of energy conversion, although some energy is lost, after careful calculation, it is found that the waste caused by the use of pumped storage power plants will be more than the expansion of nuclear power plants to meet peak power consumption, and the loss of load and shutdown during low valleys. Smaller, better benefits.In addition, the pumped storage power station also undertakes dynamic functions such as frequency modulation, phase modulation, and emergency backup, which is a feat in one fell swoop.

Looking back at today's emphasis on ecological civilization, this method of repeatedly using water sources for power generation is also an environmental protection measure to save water energy. This is the secret of "four degrees of electricity for three degrees of electricity". Its value lies in the exchange of most of the effective energy when it is needed most of the electricity that was wasted when it is useless. Guangzhou.Conghua. Without further ado, when the construction of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant is in full swing, the pumped storage power plant project is also quietly launched. The power station is jointly built by the Guangdong Provincial People's Government [the authorized enterprise is Guangdong Electric Power Industry Corporation], the National Energy Investment Corporation, and China Nuclear Industry Corporation [the authorized enterprise is Guangdong Nuclear Power Investment Company], and a joint venture company of Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station has been established Responsible for the construction and operation of the power station.The Guangdong Provincial Water Conservancy and Electric Power Survey and Design Institute undertook the task of designing the power station. The Zhongnan Hydropower Company jointly formed by the Zhongnan Survey and Design Institute and the Gezhouba Engineering Bureau was responsible for the construction supervision of the power station.Twenty years later, I feel that these participating units are worth taking the trouble to record.It was their joint efforts that created an innovative management system in the history of large-scale engineering project management in China - the "Guangshou Model". After everything was finalized, the work of the Water Conservancy and Electric Power Survey and Design Institute started in advance.After some action, the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station was located in Conghua. Why Conghua? Many people know that Conghua has beautiful mountains, clear waters, and beautiful scenery. It is called the "back garden" of Guangzhou. Its scenery is characterized by mountains, water, forests, fruits, springs, and lakes.As early as the Ming Dynasty, many literati and poets were attracted by the landscape culture of Conghua, and traveled between the lakes and mountains, leaving many poems, calligraphy and paintings handed down.There are at least two things that make Conghua famous all over the world, one is hot springs and the other is litchi. Conghua has 13 hot springs, and the daily influx of hot spring water reaches 10,000 cubic meters, which has won her the reputation of "the hometown of hot springs".Conghua's "Lingnan No. 1 Spring" is one of the world's famous springs. It is comparable to Swiss hot springs because it contains fluoride ions, weak radioactive radon, sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, silicon dioxide and other elements that are beneficial to the human body.As for another reputation of Conghua, the "Lychee Kingdom", not only Su Dongpo's famous sentence "eat three hundred lychees a day, but never give up to be a Lingnan native" is a well-deserved proof, the famous essayist Yang Shuo's masterpiece after the founding of the People's Republic of China was written here : "I stayed in Conghua Hot Spring, Guangdong for a few days. It was surrounded by mountains and surrounded by a pool of spring water. The thick and green scenery was like a green landscape painting. It was a cloudy night when I first went, and I occasionally leaned against it. Looking at the window of the building, it is strange, why so many dark hills surged out of thin air in front of the building, one layer after another, rising and falling continuously? I remember that there is a garden in front of the building, not a mountain. What kind of illusion is this? I couldn't help laughing. It turns out that there are litchi trees all over the field, one after another, and the leaves of each tree are densely packed. When viewed in the dark, they don't look like mountains!" The mountain of Conghua is not a strange peak in the usual sense, but a large forest with uneven trees.In the Pearl River Delta, where factories have flooded farmland, its forest coverage rate is still as high as 70% of the total land area. This seems to be out of tune with the tone of several surrounding cities, and it stubbornly preserves the abundance and lushness of the old Nanling.Because of the vertical flow of the stream and the concave basin, it is a unique place to build a pumped storage power station. The upper reservoir of Zhaodashui located in the upper Liuxi River determines the final location of the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station.Once the upper reservoir is determined, it is logical to choose one of the four reservoir basins around the upper reservoir, and finally select Jiuqushui, which is also located in the upper reaches of the Liuxi River, as the lower reservoir. In the end, the Guangzhou Storage Power Station was located on the Niulan River, the second-level tributary of the upper reaches of the Liuxi River in Conghua, 90 kilometers northeast of Guangzhou City, and is located in the virgin forest area of ​​Nankun Mountain next to the 105 National Highway.The upper reservoir is 750 meters above sea level, with a rain-collecting area of ​​5,000 square kilometers, and the lower reservoir is 260 meters above sea level, with a rain-collecting area of ​​13,000 square kilometers.The two reservoirs have a natural drop of more than 500 meters, both of which are natural reservoir basins. The structural environment of the station site is granite geology, and it is a rare pumped storage station site that seems to be natural. In fact, the choice of the library is also quite thoughtful.Although the final plan results in the relatively longest waterway, it avoids the unfavorable conditions of limestone karst development that may exist in the reservoir under the other three plans, so that the entire power station hub is located on granite geological conditions.In the long run, the comprehensive investment is the cheapest, and there is sufficient room for development and expansion, which creates conditions for the construction of the second phase of the project. September 26, 1988. With the sound of gongs and drums and firecrackers, the first phase of the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station broke ground. Looking at it from the perspective of 30 years later, what a poetic place the construction site of Guangyu Project was at the beginning, there are forests in the mountains, and water in the forests.There are towering ancient trees and streams. Tourists returning from Guangxu Tourist Resort now like to describe with joyful voices what they appreciate after climbing the winding mountain road to the upper reservoir at an altitude of more than 800 meters. The clear water of the lake, the blue sky, the winding mountains, and the birds in the distance... Today's Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station has been developed into the only high-tech tourist attraction in Guangdong Province, a resort for tourism and vacation. As a garden-style modern enterprise, Guangshui Power Station itself has a superior environment. Its green area is 24 million square meters, the vegetation in the area is 850,000 square meters, and 1 million new trees are planted. The original forest protection is quite intact. Former Guangzhou Mayor Li Zi Mr. Liu once praised it as "Little Lushan Mountain".In addition, Guangshui Power Station has opened up science and technology tourism projects featuring popular science and knowledge. Visitors here can not only enjoy the brilliance of nature, but also appreciate the profoundness of cutting-edge technology.Since the resort was opened to the outside world in 1996, tens of thousands of tourists come to visit every year, and it has received more than 300,000 people. In 2002, the National Tourism Administration rated it as an AAA tourist attraction. Of course, this is an afterthought. For the Fourteenth Engineering Bureau of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, which was responsible for the civil construction and equipment installation of the main project of the power station at that time, the poetic and picturesque feeling was a little far away from them, and the burden on their shoulders was not light. According to the composition and structure of the pumped storage power station, the cadres and workers of the Fourteenth Engineering Bureau knew what kind of "monster" they were facing—— A pumped storage power station usually consists of an upper reservoir, a water delivery system, a factory building equipped with units, and a lower reservoir: The upper reservoir is mainly responsible for storing water for power generation. During the low load period of the power grid, the pumped water is stored in the reservoir, and the water is released for power generation during the peak load period.The one-degree drop in the middle of the so-called "four degrees of electricity for three degrees of electricity" is lost in the process of going up and down. A water delivery system is an engineering facility that delivers water.Different from conventional hydropower stations, most of the water delivery channels of conventional hydropower stations are natural rivers or artificially excavated channels, but pumped storage power stations have to "go upstream" and can only rely on artificial pipelines. As the center of power plant production, the factory building is where the energy storage unit and power equipment are placed, and it acts as the "brain".Many years later, when people mention Guangzhu, they always mention that their brains are "empty". Why is this?The answer to the mystery will be revealed later. down the reservoir.It is the best partner for storage for water supply and pumping at low loads and storage and storage of water for power generation at peak loads. As mentioned above, the reason why Guangxiu finally settled in Nankun Mountain is that the two natural basins that can be used as upper and lower reservoirs played a big role.But even so, the amount of work is still huge.Thousands of soldiers and civilians sweat like rain in the mountains and forests, and the sound of machines roars.After ten years of reform and opening up, the construction conditions of domestic projects are no longer as shabby as those in the 1960s and 1970s. Today's soldiers still need the fighting spirit that man can conquer nature. In addition to the vastness of the project, another difficulty of the Guangzhou Storage Project is that it cannot cause damage to the environment of Nankun Mountain.In the increasingly polluted Guangdong, the green mountains and green waters of Conghua are so eye-catching and precious. Therefore, preventing pollution and protecting the environment have become the principles of the wide storage project.In fact, even if there were no such hard and fast rules, the military and civilians responsible for the construction would not destroy the beauty of this place—who would want to interrupt the poetic and picturesque here?Twenty years later, a beautiful high-tech tourist attraction proves that the harmonious coexistence of large-scale engineering and nature is not impossible. The project continues day by day, at full speed.Because the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant in the distance is also advancing by leaps and bounds... The prototype of the power station began to appear.The green hills remain unchanged, and the green water flows, but houses are erected in the woods, and pipes are lightly buried in the grass... The days in the forest are hasty and leisurely, and the Guangzhou pumped storage power station is gradually becoming what she was later... June 1993. The first unit of Guangshui Power Station was put into use.Only 57 months have passed since the start of construction in September 1988. In foreign countries, a project of the same scale requires a construction period of 72 months.Compared with it, the construction period of Guangshui Project has been shortened by one year and five months, and the reputation of "Guangshui Speed" has gradually become better. But only after understanding the specific project volume of Guangshui Project, can we deeply appreciate the hardships and glory contained in the four words "Guangshou Speed": To build the upper and lower reservoirs, 5.4 million cubic meters of earth and stone were excavated on the ground, and 900,000 cubic meters of earth and stone were excavated underground.If these rocks and soils are piled up into a dam embankment with a width of one meter and a height of one meter, the former can go back and forth from Guangzhou to Beijing, and the latter is more than enough to go to Shanghai. The lower reservoir is located in Xiaoshan Village, 290 meters above sea level in Lutian Town, and the upper reservoir is located in Chenle Cave, 820 meters above sea level. The two reservoirs are connected by a winding mountain road with a length of 15 kilometers. Then, like two heavy fruits hanging from a winding vine. As for those vine-like water diversion systems, pumping systems and power generation systems, they are scattered in the granite body deep in the mountainside.The diversion culvert with a diameter of 9 meters and a total length of 3.8 kilometers connects the upper and lower reservoirs, and then connects to a modern factory building through a 1.6-kilometer traffic tunnel.The building is 44.5 meters high, 22 meters wide, and 146 meters long. According to Qi Dachang, the deputy director of the power plant at the time, the entire plant can accommodate a Guangzhou Aiqun Building!His pride is palpable. The core components of the power plant are housed in the factory building - four dual-purpose water turbine generator sets with a height of more than ten meters: forward and reverse for power generation and reverse for pumping water.As for the heart of the power station, the central control room was designed according to the requirements of no one on duty. The most advanced computer system in the world at that time commanded the operation of the whole power station, and both Guangzhou and Hong Kong could remotely control it.The water level and water pressure of the diversion and drainage system, the real-time operation status and mode of each unit and transformer equipment are displayed on the simulation panel, and the whole process is operated and monitored by computer.In the early 1990s, computerized operation was realized in relatively low-tech hydropower stations. Now it seems that it is not easy. The first phase of the Guangzhou Storage Power Station was completed in 1994, and passed the national acceptance in October 1996.The installed capacity of the project is 4×300 MW, and the investment per kilowatt is 2,550 yuan. Except for the import of mechanical and electrical equipment from abroad, it is completely designed and constructed by my country. It has achieved excellent results with short construction period, low investment, good quality and high efficiency.Many of its technical indicators have reached the world's advanced level, including: 1. Selection of four single-stage reversible pumped storage units with a single unit capacity of 300,000 kilowatts; 2. The speed of the pumped storage unit reaches 500r/min; 3. The water head is as high as The 530-meter high-pressure branch pipe is lined with reinforced concrete; 4. The 145-meter-by-21-meter-by-45.6-meter underground powerhouse is all designed with spray anchor support. As for honors, there are many more: the engineering design won the National Excellent Design Project Gold Award, the engineering survey won the National Excellent Survey Project Silver Award, the engineering construction won the China State Construction Engineering Luban Award, and the power station management was awarded the "First-class Hydropower Plant" by the Ministry of Electric Power. It is the first hydropower plant in the country to receive this honor, and has been listed as an internationally certified "three-star" safety management. In 1995, the Ministry of Electric Power organized experts to appraise and unanimously believed that "the site selection of the power station is correct, the geological survey is sufficient, the distribution is reasonable, and the structure is advanced. It has generally reached the international advanced level in the 1990s. Among them, the survey, design and construction of high-pressure long inclined shaft and high-pressure branch pipe , reaching the international advanced level.” At the same time, the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant, which is hundreds of miles away, was also fully connected to the grid for power generation in 1994.The strong power of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station is equipped with the coordination function of the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station. The combination of the two phases is like a shot in the arm for the power generation capacity of China's power grid. Beginning in 1994, China's electric power industry underwent qualitative changes. Once the Guangzhou pumped storage power station was put into use, it immediately produced benefits. The economic benefits generated by pumped storage power plants are divided into static benefits and dynamic benefits.The so-called static benefits refer to the economic benefits generated by the pumped storage power station in the power grid through peak regulation and valley filling; the so-called dynamic benefits refer to the economic benefits generated when the power generation equipment undertakes different tasks according to the needs of the power system during operation. The static benefit of the pumped storage power station mostly refers to the capacity benefit. In a word, it is the benefit brought by "exchanging four kilowatt-hours of electricity for three kilowatt-hours of electricity".During the peak load period, it can generate electricity to share the peak capacity of the grid. When the power consumption is low, it can pump water to store energy and reduce the peak-valley load difference.Therefore, the pumped storage power station can reduce the daily output amplitude of the nuclear power unit, make it run more in the high-efficiency area, and maintain the stable operation of nuclear power. The dynamic effects of pumped storage power plants are also particularly important. Each function of peak regulation, frequency regulation, phase regulation, load following, and emergency backup can generate huge benefits.Among them, the emergency backup function of the pumped storage power station can best reflect the dynamic effect. According to the statistics of the United States, in the five years from 1993 to 1997, there were 137 major accidents in the American power system, of which only 9 accidents were caused by power plants, and as many as 93.4% of the accidents were caused by power transmission and distribution facilities. error occured.The pumped storage power station with a strong coordination function plays the role of a desuperheater in the transmission and distribution system, providing voltage support for the grid, and avoiding voltage collapse or thermal overload of the system.In addition, the pumped storage power station is also a reliable "firefighter". In the event of an accident or system breakdown, it can switch from any working mode to full-load power generation in a very short period of time. This rapid switching capability Prevent the expansion of accident losses. From May 1995 to the end of 1996, Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station experienced 66 power accidents.Among them, the tripping of the Daya Bay nuclear power unit, the load shedding of the thermal power unit, and the west electrolysis train were the most critical. But fortunately, each time the Guangzhou Storage Power Station was able to quickly rescue the further expansion of the accident and help the power grid to restore power supply as soon as possible. , its own accident backup benefits are brought into full play.In fact, the fundamental reason for the outstanding merits of the Guangzhou Storage Power Station lies in its speed—as a hydraulic unit, the pumped storage power station can be in the spinning standby state for a long time, and enter the emergency mode at the fastest speed: under power generation conditions, it can Utilize the idle capacity during operation to increase output in a short period of time; in the shutdown state, it can also be started in an emergency; even under the pumping condition, it takes very little time to switch from stopping pumping to power generation. The Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station has won applause with its strength and performance.For twenty years before this, due to long-term power shortages in many parts of our country, the importance of power grid peak-shaving and valley-filling has not been taken seriously, and the development of pumped storage power stations has been stagnant.As early as 1968, the Gangnan small-scale hybrid pumped storage power station was built in North China and the Miyun pumped storage power station was built in my country in 1973, and these two decades were wasted.Fortunately, the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station rekindled the fire in a timely manner, making Chinese people aware of the urgency of peak-shaving and valley-filling of electricity across the country.Since then, my country's pumped storage power stations have developed rapidly. By the end of 2005, the total installed capacity of the power station had reached 6,122 megawatts, and the average annual growth rate was higher than that of the world's pumped storage power stations. Covering 14 provinces and cities across the country.In addition, the installed capacity of pumped storage power stations under construction is about 11,400 MW. When these power stations are completed in 2010, the total installed capacity of pumped storage power stations will reach about 17,500 MW, ranking among the top three in the world! Whether you talk about the great wheel of history or the fate of the times, the fact is that Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station has caught up with a good era and opened a new era. However, the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station is very clear about its mission - "to make wedding clothes for others". Of course, as a scenic tourist resort, it also needs to receive tourists to preach science and have fun with the people, but the mission of Guangxu has been very clear since the day it broke ground—to assist the operation of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant. It should be known that the two major projects started construction and construction at the same time, and they were put into use at roughly the same time.This shows how important the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station is to the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station. Facts have also proved that the simultaneous construction of the two is a wise decision.A relevant footnote is that in 1996, the national power planning department conducted planning research on nuclear power plants in East China, and concluded that the completion of the second and third phases of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant would increase the peak-shaving capacity gap of the power grid by 1,200 megawatts. Therefore, building a nuclear power plant with 1,000 A pumped storage power station with megawatt peak-shaving capacity is imperative.Equipping a nuclear power plant with pumped storage power plants is like adding wings to a tiger, and it is the only way to optimize resources. The Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station is a perfect example of this type of hydropower station, and it has played a huge role in optimizing the functions of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station, mainly in the following three aspects: Ensure that the nuclear power plant operates in the base load mode.Since the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant was put into operation, it has become a fact to realize full-load base-load operation, and the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station has played an important role in this.Nuclear power units must solve the problem of peak regulation if they want to operate with base load. Before the construction of Guangshui Power Station, there were many old and small units in the power stations of Guangdong Power Grid, but the peak regulation capacity was only between 20% and 30%. The proportion of peak hydropower unit capacity is not large.The strong peak-shaving function of the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station provides a solid guarantee for the full-load base-load operation of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station. To use an inappropriate analogy, the former is the catalyst for the latter. The safety of nuclear power plants is guaranteed.An indicator of the safety of nuclear power equipment is called safety margin. This concept means that in the process of designing equipment parts, according to the phase margin of a system, design a phase value with a certain distance from the critical point of stability of the system, so that the system can operate in a very It can maintain a stable state in a large working range.The investment in nuclear power units is huge, and the circuit equipment after operation is radioactive, which means that the cost of repairing and disposing of failed equipment is very high.With the peak-shaving cooperation of the Guangzhou pumped storage power station, the Daya Bay nuclear power unit does not need to frequently raise and lower the load, the instantaneous consumption is greatly reduced, and the safety margin of the equipment is increased at the same time.In addition, the long-term stable operation of the nuclear power unit enables the fuel assembly cladding to remain intact, which also improves the safety of the nuclear power plant to a certain extent. Improve the safety factor of the grid.During the unit commissioning stage in 1995, Units 1 and 2 of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Unit underwent thousands of tests with high risk of tripping. The reason why such tests can be carried out is that the Guangzhou Storage Power Station has the ability to make up for the vacant load of tripping at any time. ability.The Daya Bay nuclear power unit has a large capacity, and once the load is shed, it will bring an unbearable impact to the power grid.The experimental results show that due to the existence of the Guangzhou pumped storage power station, the safety performance of the power grid is greatly improved. The Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant and the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Plant have joined forces to compose a harmonious song.In addition to the short-term loss in the initial stage of operation of Guangshui Power Station, after the second half of 1995, it reached an agreement with Guangdong Power Grid that the power grid can mobilize Guangshui's units in full accordance with its own intentions.After the expansion of autonomy, the cooperation between nuclear power plants and hydropower plants has become more and more perfect, and a win-win situation has formed: not only the full development of nuclear power has been realized, but also the profit of the joint venture of Guangzhou Petrochemical Corporation has been realized.For the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station, profitability means relatively loose capital investment. As a result, the second phase of the Guangshui Project, which has already started, can be carried out in an orderly manner. Only seven months after the first phase of the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station passed the acceptance test, in September 1994, the second phase of Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station broke ground without stopping. The rapid pace of expansion is mainly due to the clock. After Deng Gong's southern tour in 1992, Guangdong's economic development was like a tiger going downhill, and the appetite for electricity was also growing.However, Guangdong Province has been facing the problem of shortage of large and medium-sized hydropower resources that can be developed, and the power supply is becoming more and more stretched. Under such a situation, the contradictions of low load rate of the power system and large peak-to-valley difference have been exposed one after another. The second phase of Guangshui Storage is bound to be launched ! The second phase of expansion is a move that focuses on the future.Unlike conventional hydropower stations, pumped storage power stations do not have high requirements on river channels, topography, and flow. In provinces like Guangdong where water resources are scarce, adapting measures to local conditions and making every effort to develop pumped storage power stations is the fundamental solution to electricity consumption.The resource status of Guangdong Province determines that for a long time in the future, the power supply will be a power supply system dominated by coal power, with hydropower, oil power, nuclear power, gas power, pumped storage power stations and other power sources coexisting.Among them, the pumped storage power station has an extremely important strategic position. Subsequent facts also proved that Guangdong Province's emphasis on pumped storage power stations was a wise move. In 2004, the electricity consumption of the whole society in Guangdong was 239TWh, and the highest electricity consumption load was 39.7GW, with an average annual increase of 14.5% and 14.2% respectively compared with 1990. In 2004, the electricity consumption ratio of Guangdong's tertiary industries and residents' daily life was 1.5:69:17.4:12. Compared with 1990, the electricity consumption of the tertiary industry increased rapidly, while the electricity consumption of the secondary industry increased steadily and occupied a dominant position.Since the beginning of 2002, due to the lagging power supply construction in Guangdong, there has been a year-round and global power shortage, and it has been forced to take mandatory measures such as off-peak and off-peak power consumption. Speeding up. In addition, Guangdong's industry will develop towards heavy chemical industry in the future, which will undoubtedly pose a greater challenge to Guangdong's power system. At the hottest time in 1994, the second phase of the Guangzhou Storage Power Plant was also in full swing. The feasibility study of the second phase of the project has already been completed and approved, and the design plan has also been finalized.Including the installation of three 40-kilowatt working units, the heightening of the upper reservoir dam by 6.89 meters and the heightening of the lower reservoir dam by 4.61 meters can free up the required storage capacity of 7 million cubic meters.Considerations for the second phase of the project have been made as early as the construction of the first phase. When the first phase of the project is completed, the lower reservoir dam has been constructed according to the first and second phase standards, and the inlet and outlet of the upper and lower reservoirs of the second phase are also in the first phase. It was built before the upper and lower reservoirs were impounded.In addition, an advantage of the second phase of the project is that it can make full use of the on-site and off-site transportation and construction facilities of the first phase of the project, which can save a lot of engineering costs and help reduce the construction period.After the completion of the second phase of the project, the total installed capacity of the power station will reach 2.4 million kilowatts. Although the power shortage cannot be completely solved, it will further ease the tight power supply situation in Guangdong to a large extent. In December 1998, the first unit was connected to the grid for power generation; in March 2000, the second phase of the project was fully completed.At that time, the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station was the largest pumped storage power station in the world. Since then, in order to build the Guangshui Power Station into a high-tech tourist attraction, some supporting facilities in the scenic spot have been built one after another.The Guangzhou pumped storage power station has gradually formed what it is today. In 2004, after the strict assessment of South Africa's NOSA safety management system, Guangyu Power Station was rated as the only five-star enterprise in China. Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station is an enterprise that should be remembered in the management history of large-scale projects in China. The reason is that it has absorbed foreign experience and established a new management system and model in combination with China's national conditions.This management system is divided into two levels: the small aspect refers to the daily management of the Guangshui Project; the large aspect refers to the project management system of the Guangshui Project with Chinese characteristics. GSP has always been proud of its streamlined management organization.It is undeniable that most of the personnel in the management system of Guangxu are high-quality, elite, and multi-functional modern management talents.The entire power plant has a total of 91 people [including 79 from China and 12 from Hong Kong], while the standard number of people in conventional hydropower plants of the same scale in China is 544, a full reduction of 453 people, which meets the world's advanced level of 0.8 people per 10,000 kilowatts of installed capacity. However, what makes "Guangzhu people" even more proud is its unattended system, which is the "empty" brain mentioned above.When the first phase of the project was under construction, the power station was designed as unattended.After the completion of the power station, from January 1995, the units were completely controlled by the dispatching centers of the power grids in Guangzhou and Hong Kong. Only one person was left on duty in the control room of the power plant.Those who are not on duty are equipped with mobile communication equipment and are on standby at any time. This is the entire "ON-Call" system.In fact, this system was only used in the early stage of production. With the completion of the automatic language alarm device of the power station and put into use, the unit is running stably and unattended has long been realized. Compared with these relatively micro-level daily management, the "Guangxu Model" of Guangxu Engineering's innovative project management system has more historical significance. First of all, the Guangshou model has an extremely streamlined owner organization, but it does not impair work efficiency.There are only more than 20 owners and managers in the Guangxu construction site, and the organizational structure is simplified-the more streamlined the organization, the simpler the production relationship, the faster the decision-making, and the higher the efficiency of work.Supporting the simplified organization hierarchy, the organization setting is relatively simple. The heads of all departments are called managers, and no divisions are set up.This alone is commendable in the national large-scale projects in the 1980s and 1990s. At the same time, the joint venture company of Guangzhou Petroleum Storage Co., Ltd. actively makes use of the laws of market economy and tries to optimize resource allocation by market methods.This is mainly reflected in the procurement of materials.For the procurement of materials and materials, the owner is only responsible for cement and steel, and the rest is allocated to the contractor; for cement and steel, the owner is only responsible for designating designated manufacturers and signing procurement contracts. The contractor is responsible for the implementation of specific contracts, and the owner is no longer responsible for transportation. and warehousing management, as for quality supervision, it is the responsibility of the supervisor.即使业主根据工程需要负责采购一批急需的、影响和制约工程施工的设备租赁给承包商使用，其目的也不是盈利，而是为了保证施工进度，以局部的损失换来了整个工程的速度，从而谋求工程利益的最大化。 对于工程监理的充分利用则是广蓄模式的一大创举。广蓄工程的全部业主单位职员只有20多人，施工现场的人员也只有8人，这么少的人员如何管理如此庞大的工程？奥秘就在于依靠工程监理来开展工作。广蓄业主单位赋予监理充分的职责与权限，通过大胆放权，监理在收获利益和信任的同时帮助业主很好地控制了投资规模，保证了质量和工期。业主轻松实现工程目标，赢得开明美誉。本文之初给许多考察团带来的困惑，答案就在于此。 “广蓄模式”确立之后，业主和监理单位之间这种相对健康的关系对国内工程管理模式产生深远影响。 1996年，世界著名杂志《InternationalWaterPower&DamConstruction》特派记者珍尼·丹茜在对广州抽水蓄能电站进行专访，在同年第9期撰文报道评价说：“毫无疑问，广蓄电站将成为模范工程，成为许多抽水蓄能电站的样板电站。”这是最朴素最中肯的评价，也是世界对广州抽水蓄能电站给的印象。 青山不改，绿水长流。静卧在广东省从化市吕田镇小杉村南昆山的广州抽水蓄能电站，将继续承担着辅助大亚湾核电站的使命，继续走向未来…… 【杨克：广东作家协会副主席】