Chapter 38 Chapter 37

Growing up in the land of Chaozhou, every day and every night, there is always a strange charm that attracts me and reminds me that it is an echo of a distant history, that is a rich river that is surging, that is something ancient in the dark. The ancestors are singing. Chaozhou is a land facing the sea and backed by mountains, with five mountains lying behind it, and the high mountains in the south make the air and rivers here verdant.Many nights, I often have to walk out of the ancient city wall, and look south along the direction of the river under the cloudless moonlight.Faintly looking, the end of that piece of sparkling light is the sea.Whenever this time, I will think of the magic of this land.The South China Sea and the East China Sea meet here; the She nationality is born here; Oolong tea originates here.

This is really a magical land. In mainland China, this is a river flowing from north to south into the sea, and it is a river named after surnames.However, in ancient times, this was a river without a name, or rather, a river without a name. This river without a name is a rebellious river.Across this river, to the east is Fujian, and to the north is Jiangxi.Later, this unruly river, with her sweet and rich milk, nurtured two great ethnic groups in the south: Hakka and Chaozhou people. After a long period of time, entering the AD, this southward river got its initial name: Yuanshui.It's an unintelligible name.Members, meaning personnel, members, surroundings, determining tone, increasing, and Tongyuan.But neither is the specific meaning and designation that the river should have.Looking at the classics from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, this river is called this way.Some later generations also refer to this river as "Yuan Shui", which I think is correct, and "Yuan" means "big bamboo" or "bamboo forest".In the high mountains in the south, there are dense bamboos growing all over the mountains. When the breeze blows, they are lush, green and full of ears. The sunlight filtering through the leaf gaps changes a series of grotesque pictographic pictures on the slopes. You are free to guess and interpret.

Yunshui is really a wonderful poetic name.It should really be the name of this river in the southern mountains.The bamboo in Yundang grows on it, and the green water flows below it. The bamboo culvert in Yundang stores the water source, and the green water flows continuously.During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, this river in the south, also known as Yunshui, was flowing with a green and leisurely artistic conception. I used to go upstream in one early spring and four Mengxia, trying to exhaust this river that flowed down from ancient times.Chaozhou in ancient times was a huge land stretching from Fuzhou and Quanzhou in the east to Tingzhou and Qianzhou in the north and Huizhou in the west. After the mid-Tang Dynasty, Zhangzhou was separated; in 1955 AD, the administrative office was moved to Shantou; In 1965, Meizhou was spun off; in 1991, Jieyang was spun off.Therefore, Chaozhou, Meizhou, Shantou, and Jieyang, which belong to Guangdong, and Zhangzhou, which belongs to Fujian, are juxtaposed on this ancient land bordering the three provinces of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi.

Looking back at history, in ancient times, this vast land was sparsely populated, with luxuriant forests, undulating peaks and mountains, filled with haze, mist, moisture, and miasma. She people chased wild animals in the depths of the mountains, pythons, wild elephants, Bears, tigers and leopards appear everywhere, and crocodiles lurk everywhere in streams and valleys.This river in the southern mountains is full of dangers and murderous intent.Wild elephants, tigers and leopards appear around the city, which is nothing. People can avoid them, or they can pass by in groups.On the contrary, the crocodile is a demon, possessed by ghosts, who often ambushes in the water around the city, waiting for the opportunity to surface the river, devouring pedestrians wading or crossing the river.

Back in the day, the villagers who had just been devoured by crocodiles and their relatives and livestock cried loudly on the shore of Yuanshui. They couldn't figure out why the river, which was still calm just now, suddenly became bloody and rainy, and came out so ugly. Fierce, armor-like monsters. As the setting sun sets and the dusk falls, the black green hills gradually disappear in the hazy night, and only the sad cries of the villagers and the sound of the wind remain on the empty river beach. evil.evil fish.Evil Creek.Amid the sad and helpless cries of the villagers, Exi River gradually replaced Yuanshui and became the name of the river.

At this time, in the distant sky, in Chang'an, the upper capital in the northwest, a single person rewrote the history of this river from then on. This person is called Han Yu. In 819 A.D., the fourteenth year of Emperor Xianzong Yuanhe of Tang Dynasty, Han Yu, the minister of punishment, wrote "On the Buddha Bone Table", bluntly saying that the Buddha deceives people's hearts, destroys the country and people's livelihood, opposes Xianzong's sycophantic Buddha, and admonishes the Buddha bones.This time, he offended Emperor Xianzong who welcomed the relic and wanted to show the prosperity and peace of the world.The emperor was furious and wanted to kill Han Yu.All of a sudden, all the officials in the imperial court stood in silence, stunned.Later, prime ministers Cui Qun, Pei Du and other ministers stepped forward one after another and tried their best to intercede. Only then did Xianzong gradually put aside his murderous intentions and demote Han Yu as governor of Chaozhou.

In 819 A.D., the fourteenth day of the first lunar month in the fourteenth year of Emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty, the Lantern Festival is just around the corner. In Chang'an City, officials and people are full of solar terms.However, Han Yu set off on this day and went to the remote and desolate Chaozhou. Not long after Han Yu was escorted out of Beijing, his family members were also expelled from Beijing.It was windy and snowy, and the crossroads were sad. At Cengfengyi in Shang County, Shaanxi, his 12-year-old daughter died tragically by the roadside. Chaozhou in the Tang Dynasty was a place of exile for punishing criminal officials. In the Tang Dynasty, prime ministers Chang Gun, Li Zongmin, Yang Sifu, and Li Deyu were all demoted to Chaozhou.When Han Yu entered Guangdong and arrived at Changle Long in northern Guangdong, he heard about Chaozhou's "evil creeks with miasma and poison, thunder and lightning are often fierce, crocodiles are bigger than boats, and their teeth and eyes are terrifying." ["Taki Official"].Guanshan is dangerous, surrounded by clouds and fog. More than 1,100 years ago, Han Yu, who was relegated, was sad and indignant all the way. , thousands of miles away, the water welcomes, the clouds cross the Qinling Mountains, the snow embraces the Languan, thousands of miles away, loves the que and recalls the home, but the wife and children are bereaved.

Back then, the huge China had a population of only 30 million or tens of millions. During this journey, 8,000 miles of official roads, there were not many people. It was just that the mountains were connected with each other, and the forest was connected with a forest.When I first left Chang'an, I felt dry and cold, but what I saw were willows with fallen leaves, withered hay, falling snowflakes, and faint footprints.The further south you go, the fewer villages and people there are, and the weather becomes colder and damper, cold to the bone.One day, one day, the mountains beside the road gradually became a little more green, the forests beside the road grew more oily leaves, and the dry grass under the road gradually overflowed with vitality.In this way, both land and water traveled, boats and horses worked hard, and after more than two months of trekking, Han Yu finally arrived in Chaozhou on March 25, 819 AD.

In "Chaozhou Inspector Xie Shangbiao", Han Yu wrote: "The state led by the minister is on the far east border of Guangfu. Although it is only two thousand miles to go to Guangfu, it takes a month to go back and forth, cross the sea, and enter the bad water. The hurricane and crocodile are unpredictable; the sea is rising to the sky near the southern border of the state; the poisonous mist and miasma are breaking out day and night." After writing the thank you form, Han Yu immediately took it seriously. "Old Tang Book Han Yu Biography" contains: "At the beginning, when I arrived in Chaozhou, I inspected the affairs and inquired about the sufferings of the officials and the people. They all said: 'There are crocodiles in the water of the west of the county. Their eggs are transformed and they are several feet long. They will eat up the people and livestock. , so the people are poor.'" Faced with the fact that crocodiles are seriously infested in the territory under his jurisdiction, the new governor deeply feels that the first thing to do in governing Chaozhou is to drive out crocodiles.So, he began to prepare.History has also begun a kind of heavy writing.

Well, let's look at the history. Opening the chronicles, this river facing south was called Yuanshui from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, Exi River from the Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, Hanshui River in the Southern Song Dynasty, also called Crocodile River, Crocodile River in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, also called Hanjiang River, and Hanjiang River in the Qing Dynasty. Then it was called Han Jiang. In Han Yu's time, this river, regardless of its upstream and downstream, was collectively named Eixi. "Chaozhou Chronicle" records the harm of crocodiles in Exi River: "When you meet people and animals, you eat them by curling their tails." Falling off the cliff, the crocodile gets it and eats it." The crocodile is so cruel, but Han Yu's predecessor is indifferent or helpless.A good official, at this time, showed his character; a piece of history, at this time, began to spread for thousands of years.

Han Yu, who came out of the grief and indignation of being relegated, sat down, thinking deeply, and slowly rubbed the inkstone in front of him with one hand. "On the day of Wei, Han Yu, the governor of Chaozhou, ordered the military government to push Qin Ji, throw sheep and hogs into the pool of the evil stream, thinking that the crocodile would eat them..." In this way, a sacrificing text "Crocodile Essay" that shines through the ages, From Han Yu's heart, it slowly flowed to the simple office table of the state government, to the voluminous documents in the Chaozhou government, and to the endless depths of history. The day of the crocodile exorcist should be a cloudy day.In the morning, the sky was gloomy, with no wind, no sun, and no clouds.Han Yu stood on the edge of the Evil Creek, and read aloud: "Wei Year, Month, Day,... Select materials and craftsmen, wield strong bows and poisonous arrows, to deal with crocodiles, you must kill them all!" This form of sacrifice first To make a massive mobilization to dispel the fear in the hearts of the people and strengthen the determination and confidence to exorcise alligators was the only feasible way that Han Yu and his subjects could take at that time and locality living by the Evil Creek. form and means. "Crocodile Essays", in the "Collected Works of Mr. Changli", is classified as "Miscellaneous Essays", and various editions of the past dynasties, as well as Zhu Xi's "Han Wen Kao Yi" and other books, all have this title.However, it was arbitrarily changed to "The Essay on Crocodile Sacrifice". Years flowed like a river, but the morning of the crocodile sacrifice became a word of mouth, passed down in the mouths and hearts of countless generations of Chaozhou people.At the north end of the North Embankment of Exi River, now called the north end of the North Embankment of Hanjiang River, there is a crocodile sacrifice platform, which is an ancient white stone platform.According to legend, this is the place where Han Yu sacrificed the crocodile; some people say, no, the place where Han Yu sacrificed the crocodile is no longer available; others say that the place where Han Yu sacrificed the crocodile was in another place. As time goes on, in the Qingshan Mountains, is it important where Han Yu sacrificed the crocodile? Let them fight. I just want to know that it is a fact that Han Yu sacrificed crocodiles to repel crocodiles; I just want to know that it is said that the crocodile altar where Han Yu sacrificed crocodiles is an eternal record of people's support. In fact, there are many versions of Han Yu offering sacrifices to crocodiles and repelling crocodiles.After passing through the long years and coming to the edge of the Evil Creek where the tide ebbs and flows, we can still hear the "Han Yu" mentioned by Zhang Du, the author of Shenzhou, Hebei in the Tang Dynasty, in the strange novel "Xuanshi Zhi" more than 1,000 years ago. "Desperate Crocodile": "Order the court rafters to stand next to Qiu with a prison ceremony, and wish... It's the evening. It's all over. Han Yu ordered people to search for their traces, and went sixty miles to the west of Qiu, and changed the place to Qiu, and the giant crocodile also moved there." "Old Tang Book" and two "Tang Books" also contain: "When you live for a few days, the more you look at it, the judge Qin Ji ordered the judge Qin Ji to shoot a hog and a sheep, and throw them into the water to wish him." The thunder rose in the water of Qiushui. After a few days, the water dried up, and the crocodiles migrated sixty miles west of the old Qiushui." These are almost myths, but they prove the great influence of Han Yu's repelling crocodiles.There is also folklore that Han Yu mobilized a group of experts who hunted crocodiles, beat gongs and drums on the evil stream, dragged them with seine nets, drove the crocodiles into a limited stream pool, and then poured poisonous juice and lime into them. Shooting arrows and throwing stones, under the siege of these experienced crocodiles, the remaining crocodiles migrated southward in a hurry. Han Jiang was named in memory of Han Yu. Now, let us cross the dynasties and the records of the name change of the river in historical books, and call this river that flows southward the Han River. This is a big river with turbulent current and abundant water.Standing in front of the crocodile altar where Han Yu sacrificed crocodile according to legend, I looked upstream.The upper reaches are vast mountains, one peak after another, one pulse after another, winding and winding, far to the horizon.This is a vast mountainous area, and the provisional government of the Chinese Soviet Republic and the Fujian Provincial Soviet Government are hidden in this mountainous area.Looking upstream, I could never look back. In 819 A.D., the fourteenth year of Tang Xianzong Yuanhe, Han Yu also stood at this place, looking upstream.At that time, there were frequent floods in the Han River, and the governor of Chaozhou was thinking hard about good strategies. People outside may not know the mountains in the south and the river system bordering Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi.As a descendant, I understand very well the anxiety of the new governor at that time. The 470-kilometer main stream and the 30,112-square-kilometer watershed are just like a small vein on the edge of a green leaf in China's territory; however, the rainy south and the countless streams and mountain streams in the southern mountains make the Hanjiang River almost always in the flood season . Han Yu should have checked the information at that time. He already knew that there were countless trickling streams and springs in the upper reaches of the river in front of him. River, Fengren River, Yongding River, Dajing River, Meijiang River, Qinjiang River, Tanjiang River, Ningjiang River, Chengjiang River, Jinjiang River, Wuhua River, Shiku River, Songyuan River, Yinjiang River, Dasheng River, Fengliang River, Phoenix Creek, Wenci Water... The Tingjiang River is the mainstream of the Hanjiang River. It originates from the southern foot of Muma Mountain in the Wuyi Mountains of Fujian Province. From north to south, it looks like a green silk ribbon, swaying and dancing among the mountains.Leaving Changting, passing through Shanghang, passing Yongding, on both sides of the Jiajiang River, the mountains are blue and green, the rocks are solid and beautiful, the green water, green trees, and white mist make Tingjiang full of ever-changing picturesque and poetic sentiments.The Tingjiang River is mighty all the way, gathering the waters of Nalian River, Fengren River, Yongding River and Dajing River, and entering Dapu, Guangdong. The Meijiang River is another main stream of the Hanjiang River. It originates from Qixingdong in Wutu Mountain at the junction of Zijin and Lufeng, passes through Wuhua, Xingning, and Meixian, and flows eastward through the Yinna Mountains.The Meijiang River rises all the way and joins the Wuhua River, Qinjiang River, Tanjiang River, Ningjiang River, and Chengjiang River. In Bingcun, it joins the Jinjiang River, Shiku River, and Songyuan River that originated in Wuping, Fujian Province and flows through Pingyuan and Jiaoling. to Tai Po. At the Sanhe Dam in Tai Po, the three rivers merge into one and flow into the Han River. Han Yu's gaze didn't stay on the upper reaches for long, he had already seen through that the upper reaches were mountains, bound by mountains, the river would not cause much harm. His eyes fell to his side.When Han Jiang came out of the mountains, he was like a wild horse running wild, rushing east and west, doing whatever he wanted.Looking at the section of river around him from Jilong Mountain to Jinshan in Zhoucheng, Han Yu became anxious for a while.This is an open river with no embankment or dam, and the river flows freely. Many times, the ancient Han River diverted from here, along the Hulu Mountain, obliquely passing through Fengxi, Fuyang, Jinshi, Caitang, and Anbu. into the South China Sea.Countless fertile fields, cottages, people and animals were buried under the water under the flood. The wind blowing from the other side of the mountain awakened the pensive Han Yu. He took another look at the big river in front of him, then turned around and left. I came to this section of the embankment again following the history and folk narration. The folklore is: When Han Yu came to office, it happened that Chaozhou was hit by heavy rain, the floods flooded, and the countryside was flooded.Han Yu went to inspect the city and saw the mountain torrents coming from the north.Han Yu thought to himself, if the mountain torrents were not stopped, the people would inevitably suffer heavy disasters.So he rode his horse and walked to the north of the city. After observing the water situation and then the terrain, he ordered his followers Zhang Qian and Li Wan to follow closely behind his horse.Bamboo poles are inserted wherever the horses pass, as a sign of the embankment line. After Han Yu inserted the embankment line, he informed the people to build the embankment according to the bamboo standard.The people were very happy, and they came to fill in one after another. With so many people and great strength, a mountain range had already been arched out of the place where the bamboo sticks were inserted, blocking the flood from the north.Since then, there has been no flooding here.The common people have said that this is "Han Wen Gong walks the horse to lead the mountain".This mountain was later called "Zhugan Mountain". There is also a legend: there were no dams on both sides of the Han River, but there were floods from time to time.After Han Yu reached the tide, he led the people to build embankments.He first rode a horse along the bank of the stream to survey the land boundary, and his men followed behind the horse, and inserted bamboo poles according to the route he designated as a sign.The dike line reached the end in front of the mountain, and the bamboo poles were scattered on the mountain before they were used up.The next day, a tall and solid embankment suddenly appeared in the area where the bamboo poles had been inserted.Since then, the raging stream has been blocked by dikes and mountains.On the hillside where the bamboo poles were scattered, dense bamboo grew, and the name of the mountain was changed to "Zhugan Mountain".This is the story of Han Yu's "walking the horse and pulling the embankment". There is also the narrative of historical writing. The "Junhu Inscription" written by Lin Zuo, the "Cultural Plan for Repairing Dikes" written by Zhao Liangtang and Chen Jue from the Yuan Dynasty, and "Chaozhou Prefecture Chronicles" and "Haiyang County Chronicles" are recorded: the North Dike was created in the 14th year of Tang Yuanhe, and since then The polder bank was built as a guarantee. The dike is located at the riverside in the north of Chaozhou City. It starts from Zhugan Mountain in the north of the city and ends at Fengcheng Post, with a length of about 700 Zhang.Its main function is to defend the water upstream, "to protect Xiyong" and "to defend Tianlu"; "the embankment was built from Tang Hangong". Reading these folk legends and historical records, we seem to have returned to 819 AD.Back then, the relegation to Chaozhou was the biggest political setback in Han Yu's life.The struggle of official career, the misfortune of family, the heart-pounding hatred of being guilty of loneliness because of loneliness, the pain of guilt and guilt for losing a daughter; It descended on Han Yu.Such a feudal bureaucrat, who is ups and downs in the dangerous officialdom and struggling in the vortex of fate, can be expected to be loyal to his new duty? However, we can see that as a demoted official, Han Yu ignored his personal worries and misfortunes, fully inherited the Confucian spirit of actively using the world, and took self-cultivation, family harmony, governance of the country, and peace of the world as his own responsibility.After repelling the crocodiles, he immediately put forward another initiative, leading the people to work together to build embankments. On the bank of the water, on the bank of the river, the embankment is a kind of people's livelihood, a kind of people's wish, a kind of people's heart, and a kind of foundation for the people to live and work in peace and contentment.Why don't the people enjoy it? ! The wind is still blowing quietly in the mountains on the other side of the river, and it is blowing quietly in the history books. However, Chaozhou has the first model dike built by Han Yu. The North Causeway is a winding long causeway.There are seven red cotton trees, which have grown there since I don't know when and what month.A simple nameplate was nailed to one of the trees, and the nameplate read: Ancient Crocodile Ferry. Because I have heard many stories about Han Yu's tide control since I was a child, and because I have a deep love for mountains and rivers since I was a child, I often come to this embankment to look at the depths of the upstream and the depths of history. The river in front of me changes color from time to time.Red is the water from the Meijiang River.Meijiang belongs to the red rock system, and there are many basins, with large ups and downs, and a lot of soil erosion, so the water is red.The Meijiang flood came slowly and contained a lot of sand.Green is the flood of the Tingjiang River. The Tingjiang River is a structure of granite and sand shale, with hard soil and dense forests on both sides, so the water is clear and green.The flood in the Tingjiang River is fast and violent, and the sand content is small. The North Embankment is the beginning of the lower reaches of the Han River.From Zhugan Pass to Sanhe Dam in Tai Po, it is the middle reaches of the Han River.This is a narrow corridor with shrinking terrain, numerous tributaries on both sides, and interlaced river valleys and basins.The subtropical monsoon climate, especially the oceanic southeast monsoon, has a particularly strong impact on the Hanjiang River Basin.The sunshine is long, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, and the rainfall is high. In addition, the rainwater infiltration in the high mountains and hills is low, so the flow of the Hanjiang River is extremely rich. Standing in front of the crocodile-sacrificing platform on the North Causeway, looking at the rolling water at the Zhugan Pass, I couldn't help but think of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.That is the distant river, but also the wider river.After people are familiar with the various stories of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, the Han River has been hidden even more without a trace. However, forgetting just shows the tenacity of this river and the character of self-improvement in silence.Every summer and autumn, especially May and June, is the flood season of the Hanjiang River, the season when the water comes out. This river in the southern mountains has the highest flow rate per second in the country!The annual runoff of this unknown river is much larger than that of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River! I opened the water conservancy annals again and again, turned on the laptop again and again, to feel the short history of the river in the south, and feel the vastness of this short and shallow river in the unknown. The Yangtze River has an annual runoff of 951.3 billion cubic meters and a drainage area of ​​1.8 million square kilometers; the Yellow River has an annual runoff of 50 billion cubic meters and a drainage area of ​​740,000 square kilometers; the Han River has an annual runoff of 25 billion cubic meters and a drainage area of ​​30,000 square kilometers kilometer.I used the calculator in my mobile phone to calculate carefully that the drainage area of ​​the Han River is one sixtieth that of the Yangtze River and one twenty-fourth that of the Yellow River. For example, the average annual runoff per square kilometer of the basin area For comparison, the Han River is 1.6 times that of the Yangtze River and 12 times that of the Yellow River. God, with such a large flow, the disaster of flood is unimaginable. The governance of the Hanjiang River is actually blocking and dredging.Build embankments to block water and dig channels to divert water.When Han Yu stabbed the tide, he guided the tide people like this and did it accordingly. According to Han Yu's thinking, through the long years of smog, I seem to see, 1190 years ago, a pair of court boots with black cloth and powder soles trekking on the land of Chaozhou. The pair of powder-soled court boots, mixed with the soap boots of the yamen servants, hurried out of the east gate, down the slope and the rocky pier, and onto the wooden boat that had long been waiting by the river. The wind was just right and the water flowed smoothly, and the boat immediately turned from the Han River to the Beixi River of the Han River.In the Tang Dynasty, it was a vast ocean.Hanshui came out of Zhugan Mountain Pass and flowed through Zhoucheng. When it came here, the surface of the river suddenly widened. The surface of the river was 3 Li, and the water flowed mightily, day and night.At that time, there were no dams, and the river bed was shallow. When Han Shui came here, he cut off the pass and seized the pass, and divided it into Dongxi, Xixi, and Beixi, and rushed southward to the sea. Han Yu's wooden boat went all the way down the Beixi River of the Han River to Shuinandu, 30 miles away. "Haiyang County Annals·Yudilue 2·Shuinandu Maps" contains: "Shuinandu has Jinshan River in front of it, and Longmenguan stands on its right." Shuinandu is now Phosphorus Creek in Chaoan County under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou.In the Tang Dynasty, the Hanjiang River was flooded, and the water drainage here was not smooth and the waterlogging was serious. The farm crops and the lives of the people were often in danger.Han Yu boarded his boat and inspected it in person. In the south of the city, there is Qiping Mountain in the northeast, and there is a rush of water and mountains in the southwest. How does the water flow? The water has nowhere to flow. Han Yu twisted a long beard under his chin, and began to persuade the villagers.Stains cannot be drained, waterlogged cannot be drained, and floods cannot be receded because there are mountains blocking them, and there are no ditches or ravines, and the water cannot flow.He advocated the villagers to open streams and dig streams to guide and dredge waterlogging. This stream, which is 9 kilometers long and 400 meters wide and dug 1190 years ago, passes through Qiping Mountain and Jishui Mountain in the middle, exits Longmen Pass from Houyang of Phosphorus Creek, and flows into Dongxi of Hanjiang River from north to south. Jinshan Creek is called Jinsha Creek and Liyugou by folks.There is golden sand flowing in the stream, which is a kind of proud satisfaction; carp jumping over the dragon gate is also the most simple and natural folk meaning. On the west side of Longmenguan, there has been a Han Temple since ancient times. Every year on September 9, the day of Han Yu's birthday, the villagers hold a grand game of wandering gods.This distant ceremony, this distant incense stick, began in the Tang and Song Dynasties and continues to this day. At the foot of Bijia Mountain in the east of Chaozhou City, there is also a Han Temple built in the second year of Xianping Emperor Zhenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty [AD 999]. This is the oldest and best preserved temple in my country to commemorate Han Yu. "Yongle Dadian" contains: "There are ancestral halls in Chaozhou, starting from Changli Hangong." When I was a child, I often walked across the Xiangzi Bridge and came to this dense temple.At that time, the ancestral hall was a bit dilapidated, the moss was a little unruly, and mountains and rivers overflowed and seeped from the walls and floors. I was often the only one in the ancestral hall.Scattered in this wet temple, I am aimless.Maybe it's a kind of nature, maybe it's a kind of truth, other people's children are flying kites on the north embankment and "fighting on horseback" on the south embankment, but I am in this decaying temple, facing the old monuments on the four walls . At that time, the ancestral temple was very small, with only one corridor, 51 stone steps, and two entrances.Facing the vast Han River, 1,000 years ago, on the opposite side of the state city, on the halfway up the mountain, it was such a feat to build such a long-lasting ancestral hall made of water-milled blue bricks. I don't know how the current visitors think of the Han Temple. The hustle and bustle is undoubtedly a change. Today, people can't keep the kind of solitude and quiet thinking like the people in the past? So far, I am still shocked by a stone tablet in the ancestral hall.During my long childhood and teenage years, I could only recognize the words on this obelisk: "The merit is not under Yu." It is 258 centimeters high and 139 centimeters wide. There are only five words on the monument that even young people can recognize. word.Yu was the son of Gun, the leader of the tribal alliance in ancient times.After Gun failed to control the flood, Yu was ordered by Emperor Shun to control the flood.He led the villagers to dredge rivers, build ditches, and develop agriculture. During the 13 years of flood control, he never entered his house three times.Han Yu stabbed tides, drove crocodiles away, built dikes and dams, drained waterlogged water, persuaded farmers to mulberry, freed slaves, promoted education, and enlightened people's hearts. What he did was so similar to Yu's.Chen Yaozuo, who advocated the construction of the Han Temple, called it in the "Recruiting Han Wen Gongwen": "Since it is a temple, it is also called: the public is born but not seen, and the only way is the teacher. There is no such thing as a public, but worship him." Come, it is the sorrow of the heart.... The admiration of the common people is endless, and the respect and virtue are endless." Later, when I was 13 years old, the "Cultural Revolution" happened, but this temple at the foot of Bijia Mountain was miraculously preserved. Sitting under an orange desk lamp, I started the long text trek again.A southward river affects me and my heart.The South is a destiny, like this river, like me.The river has traveled for tens of thousands of years, and it is still here. I have grown up for ten years and ten years, and I am still in Chaozhou.The sound and smile of Chaozhou's history, the good and bad things in Chaozhou's past, are imprinted in my genes. Or the river.After Han Yu, the officials and people in Chaozhou faced the torrential floods, the destruction of their families after the floods, and the unexpected and continuous floods every year. . The first record of dike building after Han Yu began in the Northern Song Dynasty.From the first year to the fifth year of Huangyou [AD 1049-1054], "Wang Juyuan knew Chaozhou. The flood broke the embankment, and the robbers stole it. He called Lihao at night. He first discussed the capture of the robbers, and then he built embankments and gave them strategies. Capture, Di Naizhi." The breaking of the Han River's embankment is already a very urgent and critical priority, but the hateful thieves took advantage of the fire to rob!Think about it, these unscrupulous villains are the same in all dynasties and generations. They have a pair of good feet and good hands. They don't farm or work, but they engage in this kind of robbing and looting.In history, Wang Juyuan was unknown in Chaozhou, but this record shows us that thousands of years ago, a local chief executive who was dedicated to his duties remained calm in the face of danger. The earliest record of Nandi was also in the Northern Song Dynasty.In the fifth year of Yuanyou [AD 1090], Wang Di served as the prefect of Chaozhou, and built Meixi embankment to block the people's fields. Since then, the north-south embankment protection system of the Hanjiang River has been basically formed. Standing on the high north-south embankment, there is always a kind of tragic thought, spontaneously, there is always a sense of sadness, flowing in the blood.A long embankment has defended countless people, and a long embankment has also recorded countless stories. On the 180,000-square-kilometer land of Guangdong, the Hanjiang River's north and south embankments are the second largest dikes in the province. It is located on the west bank of the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River. It starts from the southern foot of Zhugan Mountain in the north of Chaozhou City, passes through the main urban area of ​​Chaozhou with its ancient city walls, and ends in the suburbs of Shantou. Meixi River tide gate, with a total length of 43 kilometers, guards Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Puning and Chaoyang with 1.05 million mu of arable land and a population of 4 million. Reading a book of chronicles, I read a bitterness.In the farming era, can the embankment built with rammed earth withstand the flood that flows straight down and surges from all over the mountains? cough!I heard a heavy sigh in the history book. When I close the log, there is always a figure shaking in front of my eyes.This is what Old Man Time is narrating to me. From the Northern Song Dynasty to the Republic of China, the north and south embankments of the Han River burst 41 times, with 48 gaps.Among them, levee breaches occurred 6 times in the Song Dynasty, 1 time in the Yuan Dynasty, 6 times in the Ming Dynasty, 25 times in the Qing Dynasty, and 3 times in the Republic of China. Among them, the north dike broke 11 times, the city wall dike broke 2 times, and the south dike broke 28 times. I can't imagine what the city of Zhou will look like when the north dike and the city dike burst.Since the Qin and Jin Dynasties, Chaozhou has been the second largest city in southern Guangdong after Guangzhou. The Kaiyuan Temple, a large temple built by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in Kaiyuan, is still full of incense since 1371, with melodious sounds of morning bells and evening drums.The Tianwang Hall of Kaiyuan Temple is 50.5 meters wide, 15.77 meters deep, and has a construction area of ​​797 square meters. It is the largest existing traditional wooden building in China. Among the Qing Dynasty buildings, only the Hall of Supreme Harmony and the Taimiao of the Forbidden City in Beijing have this specification. .Among all the temples in the country, this is also the largest Hall of Heavenly Kings. I also dare not imagine what the residents of the city will look like after the North and City dikes burst.Throughout the ages, Chaozhou's commerce and trade have developed, and the Chaozhou Gang, the Ningbo Gang, and the Wenzhou Gang have dominated the world and paralleled the world. I still can't imagine what it will be like if the South Dike bursts.The flood is raging, rushing all the way, Jieyang, Shantou, will suddenly become Zeguo. However, the records in the chronicles are always shocking: in the second year of Qiandao in the Southern Song Dynasty [AD 1171], "the river was raging, the embankment burst to the west, and the houses were floating..." In the fifth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty [AD 1495], "the September hurricane storm , The flood broke through the city for more than 160 feet, boats sailed in the city, the government houses and private houses collapsed, and the north embankment burst." In the 33rd year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty [AD 1694], "From spring to summer, rain in May , the Hanjiang River surged for tens of feet, boats in the county could pass through, and the female wall was still there. The north embankment was broken, and people were panicked. It was only seen once in more than a hundred years. More than half of the farmhouses in Jie and Pusiyi were submerged."... In the midst of these turbulent information, I saw a tall building, a majestic and ancient city tower, which is the Guangji Gate Tower. On the bank of the Han River, this cloaked city tower is like a red arrowhead, shooting into the depths of history.Among all the historical dramas that took place around this city tower, there is one drama that is particularly embarrassing. This was performed by a man named Wu Jun.There is no support, no tricks, it is real, every move is from the bottom of my heart.This year was the 27th year of Daoguang Emperor Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty [AD 1847]. Wu Jun, a native of Qiantang, Zhejiang, went to serve as the magistrate of Chaozhou Prefecture.Zhejiang is a place with outstanding talents, and the people of Zhejiang have high IQ, high quality and high culture.After Wu Jun took office, he was also attracted by the landscape of Chaozhou.In the Tang and Song dynasties, there were 10 prime ministers who came to the tide one after another. Chang Gun, Li Zongmin, Yang Sifu, Li Deyu, Chen Yaozuo, Zhao Ding, Wu Qian, Wen Tianxiang, Lu Xiufu, Zhang Shijie, these outstanding ministers, together with Han Yu, supported the There is a piece of blue sky in Zoulu on the seashore and Linghai Mingbang. On Wu Jun's first day in office, perhaps, he came to this ancient Guangji Gate tower to look at the equally ancient Han Wen Gong Temple across the river. At this moment, the Qiantang native must be thinking in his heart that history has chosen him to be the chief executive of this land, just like Han Yu, and he will also leave an eternal reputation in this landscape like Han Yu. The days spanned to the third year of Xianfeng Emperor Wenzong of the Qing Dynasty [AD 1853], and there was another flood in summer and June of this year.Burst.The embankment of the south chamber collapsed more than a hundred feet.The dams in the upper reaches of the East Chamber all collapsed.Facing the flood that was soaring all the way and never retreating all day long, the prefect surnamed Wu stood on the Guangji Gate Tower, facing the stormy waves, prayed to God, then took off his purple robe with flower feathers and high boots, and threw it into the heart of the surging river.In the end, he jumped resolutely and sacrificed himself to the water. Water also has feelings, and the flood finally receded... In the year when Wu Jun retreated from the water, "Chaozhou Fuzhi" recorded: "In May, when Pan Liudi joined the mouth, the Taoist government, the government and his colleagues donated their salaries as an advocacy, and then persuaded the wealthy people in Heyi to raise their funds. "Wu Jun, the magistrate, donated 3,000 gold to repair the curved section of the North Dike, widen the embankment, and build gray fences to follow the water trend." A Duke of Wu Fu who sacrificed his body to water lived in the legends of the Chaozhou people and in the sacrifices of the Chaozhou people. Seen from the Guangji Tower, the flowing water of the Han River has eased a bit. This river coming from the mountains has gradually adapted to the river bed of the embankment. The wild horses that are out of stiffness on the grassland can feel the kind of free running, free swinging, free indulgence, free recklessness and unscrupulousness on the plain. Guangji Tower is the middle point of the city wall embankment, connecting the north embankment to the north and connecting the south embankment to the south. The invention of city walls and city walls was originally Gun.Gun was an expert in flood control in ancient times, not a military strategist.Gun invented the city wall, which was not used for fighting or defending against enemies, but for waterproofing, controlling water, and setting up a family.From the perspective of natural development history, survival of the fittest means that human beings must first adapt to nature before they can survive and develop.Building a city is like building an embankment. At first, it was used to prevent floods. Later, it gradually played a military and public security role. The city wall of the ancient city of Chaozhou, according to clear written records, was first built in the Northern Song Dynasty. It was an earthen wall made of rammed earth.It was rainy in the south, coupled with humidity and fog, and by the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, most of them had been destroyed. In this ghostly weather of rainy, humid, and miasma, there is a martial artist named Fang Yao.This is a commander-in-chief, a general who leads troops to fight. Before Fang Yao, the military and political chiefs of Chaozhou, whenever it rained, would think of the city dike and come to the city dike. The first people to come to the embankment were Xu Wo and Li Guangwen, the magistrates of Chaozhou in the Southern Song Dynasty. They successively planned to rebuild the embankment.接着来到城堤的是南宋知州王元应和他的继任者许应龙，面对浩浩的韩江，面对漫漫的城墙，他们也只能做到外面甃石，内面夯土，土石兼半，未臻完善。再接着是后任者叶观。叶观刚刚赴任，就首先考虑到加固城堤，“沿溪傍岸，筑砌以石。民居其间，始有安枕之乐”。又接着是继任者刘用行、陈圭。面对用条石新砌、凹斜屈曲的城墙，这两位知州，一个是重新整砌，使雉悬壁立，不复如前日之萦回；一个是粉堞摧剥，谯门欹倾，皆加以修葺，还将城墙内外灌木杂草，一概铲除，使城堤保障为之屹然。就连元兵破城之后，潮州路总管、蒙古人太中怗里，也复修东畔滨溪之城，以御暴涨洪流之患。蒙古人的叽哩呱啦人们听不懂，只能从他们急促的口形和夸张的手势里，猜出几个字：“民以为便焉。” 漫漫岁月，那些宋人、元人，已经离我们远去，江上的燕子、飞鸟、江鸥，也没有以往那么多。但是，历史，依然锲而不舍地向我们展示了一幅幅雄浑悲壮的图景。一任任潮州州官，依然大气磅礴，向我走来。他们不论生于天南地北，不论籍贯汉族外族，一踏上潮州，就前赴后继，带领百姓，奋战在这道生命线上。 那些可爱的先民，在洪水的潮涨潮落中，在历史的风云际会里，也一如既往深明大义，他们与州府一道，筑堤镇水，建城安澜，有钱者捐钱，有力者出力，人人争先，不甘人后。 但是，方耀最推崇的一个人是俞良辅。俞良辅也是一个统兵打仗的军人。明洪武元年【公元1368年】，朱元璋统一中国，派指挥俞良辅来接管潮州。4年后，俞良辅在旧城垣的基础上，再度修城。这是一次革命性的修城，城墙内外，皆砌以石，高厚坚致，各门外筑瓮城，皆屋其上，为门七，城高2丈5尺，周1763丈，基阔2丈2尺，面1丈5尺，堞2932，敌台四十有四，窝铺六十有七，门各有楼，外罗以月城。 这座明代修建的潮州府城，应该十分完备了。你看，城垣主体，内外甃石，而城楼、敌台、窝铺等各种守卫、瞭望设施，则使用砖条砌筑。这些官府监造烧制的青灰条砖，都严格统一为一个规格，长40厘米、宽20厘米、厚12厘米。 可以想象，那时候的潮州人民，应该长舒了一口大气，一年年的洪水，一年年的忧患，使他们过惯了提心吊胆的日子，现在，可以坐下来，闲闲地喝一口功夫茶，闲闲地听一曲潮州戏。 还有人想起了祭祀，韩愈、陈尧佐、丁允元、马发，还有赵德、戴希文…… 这些人，都对潮州有恩。对他们的祭祀，是一种感恩，一种缅怀，一种教化，一种寄托…… 后来，对潮州有恩的人，都得到了祭祀，像吴均，人们把他的塑像，供奉在广济楼上。现在，广济楼重修，人们把他的塑像又暂厝在广济楼旁的天后宫里，天后宫香火日日不断，吴均的香火，也日日不断。 也许，我的想象过于美好。天上的来水，并不善遂人愿，奔腾的河流，也不想驯服于堤坝。只要汀州，或者梅州，一场大雨，甚至，大埔、丰顺、凤凰，只要山洪一来，韩江马上就会迅猛暴涨。红蜻蜓、雨燕、飞蛾，就会在江面、堤头、巷陌、厝间，成群结队地飞翔，看着这些不断飞舞的报水的精灵，人们刚刚安定的心，又是一阵惶惶。 并不是水神、也不是河伯显灵，是自然界的一种现象。每当大水来临，空气湿度骤然增大，湿空气中，有很多眼睛看不到的昆虫，红蜻蜓、燕子，这时候就会出来上下穿梭，捕捉看不到的细小的虫蠓。 122年后，明孝宗弘治八年九月【公元1495年9月】，飓风加上暴雨，洪水又冲决北堤，潮州城垣又崩塌200多丈。第二年，北堤又再次决口，潮州城内，水深盈丈。 新到任的潮州同知车份，义无反顾地肩起重任，主持修复城堤北段160丈。这是见之记载的城堤损毁较严重、修复得又较得力的一次，此后500多年，未再见有城堤崩塌的文字记载。 车份长得什么样子，今天已经无从知道。像吴均一样，他也是一个浙江人氏，会稽人，进士。浙江那方山水，总是会产生在历史上留下名字的人物。 有一个人，这个时候，也带着一支部队，走进了潮州治水的历史大书里。这个人，和方耀一样也是行伍出身，这是一位居官至高的军人——广东镇海将军。清圣祖康熙五年【公元1666年】，镇海将军王光国视察潮州。面对眼前川流不息、水势汹涌的韩江，面对一个个日夜洞开的城门，将军总觉得有一丝不妥。 于是，他决定要重新修整城门。 这一天是阴天，还是晴天，并不重要。将军是一个雷厉风行的人，加快改进城堤各门的防汛设施，才是重要。 将军手下的士兵，都是奋勇争先的士兵，他们像行军打仗一样矫健，又训练有素，那种动作要领，是民间所没有的。他们在广济、上水、竹木、下水四门左右两边的墙体，各竖立起硕大石柱，中间凿出深槽，汛期江水上涨，淹及城门，可以马上从城上吊装木板，堵御江水，不得入城。这个被称作“水板”的设施，历300多年历史，至今仍在沿用。 王将军之前，城门是如何防汛，我一遍遍翻查资料，都没有记载。是岁月湮没了，还是……今天，我们只能猜测，昔时的官民，在洪水灌城的时候，只能围堵沙包。至于城门为什么没“门”，这是一道历史的谜语。 现在看来，这一道又一道谜语，是没有谁能猜破了。也好，就让它留在历史的深处，给我们一种神秘；让它带着岁月独特的印痕，给我们咀嚼的回甘。 我很喜欢这道城墙，这是迄今中国一道独一无二的城墙，放眼看去，偌大的中国，960万平方公里，还有哪一道城墙历1057年，还在江边巍然屹立，抗击洪水？ !这，又是中国历史上最奇特的城门，举目望去，哪一座城市，哪一道城墙，哪一个城门，是用这种独特的方式，在堵击洪水？ ! 然而，我又叹息这道城墙，要不是年年不断的水灾洪患，这道城墙，还能如此巍然？ 是的，这么多年的风风水水，这么多年的聚啸无常，对居于下游的潮州人民，是一个巨大的心理压力、巨大的心理考验。乾隆《潮州府志·灾祥》记载：“九年，秋七月，韩江大涨，初七日水漫湘子桥，戌时大雨，讹言堤崩，妇女扶老携幼奔拥入城，城外一空。”你看，一则传言，不知在谁嘴里信口一说，倏忽之间，就立即传遍城乡内外，引起满城恐慌。 方耀就是在这个时候出现的。 又是一次暴雨成灾，洪水像无数手执强弓利矛的猛士，一声呐喊，汹涌而来，齐齐刺向在下游苦苦坚守的土堤和城垣。韩江沿岸多处堤坝溃决。湘子桥东桥一个桥墩崩塌。广济门前的月城受大水冲击，产生剥落。江水从城堤多处渗漏入城，城内街道水深数尺，城垣岌岌可危。这是这道众志成城的城堤建成后，所遭遇到的第二次较为严重的水患的威胁。 这一年是清穆宗同治十年【公元1871年】夏月。 就在这多雨、潮湿、雾瘴的鬼天气里，方耀离开行辕，登上城楼，会督全城文武百姓，合力抢护。 在潮州，方耀是一位奇人。这位潮州镇总兵，正二品武将，历咸丰、同治、光绪三位皇帝，帅旗不倒。就在这次满城渗漏的洪水过后，方耀坐在镇台里的灯下，听着檐下滴滴答答的雨花，一边默默地思索，一边在纸上急急地写着。 行兵作战的人，总是有不同于凡人的思路。方耀派人全面维修城堤，具体的方法是，在城墙顶端的中轴线，开挖一道深沟，宽三四尺，深2丈余，直达城基底部，然后用贝灰搅拌红糖、河沙，夹板舂筑一道三合土的“龙骨”，培土复原，使与城墙内外沿的砖石黏合为一，既保持城堤的原貌，又成为一道工坚料实、胶粘固结的防水墙。这一次工程，耗银16050两有奇，民间捐十分之六，方耀垫付十分之四。 斜阳欲下，城堤，总是在江边拉起一道长长的剪影。城市越来越喧嚣了。那种沉静，只存在于过去的岁月里，哪怕40年前、30年前，那种沉静，也会给人一种心灵的安宁。因为，只有安宁，你才会读懂历史，读懂祖先。 那道长长的剪影，就是引导你步入过去，去叩问昨天、前天…… 剪影的深处，原来还有很多燕子，有很多红蜻蜓，它们在黄昏的江面，飞舞了很多世纪。现在，这些燕子，这些红蜻蜓，也很难看到了，我们应该也去叩问。 一道巍峨的南北堤，捍卫了韩江的两岸。东岸，就成了潮州永久的阵痛。 韩江是一条坡降很小的河流，从北向南，从上至下，河流的比降，只有千分之零点四。上游的山地下雨，四面八方的山水瀑布，汇流入河，韩江的水位，马上就会暴涨。 涨水，涨水，一次次的涨水，对于意溪、东津，只能是摇头、攥拳、一脸痛苦的无奈。 在没有汽车、很少汽车的年代，靠河吃饭的年代，意溪，是韩江边上的一个大码头。昔年，韩江是一条航运发达的河流，粮食、布匹、海盐，通过韩江运到汀州、梅州，山里的山货、土纸、木炭，也通过韩江，顺流而下。 意溪，是偌大一个杉木集散码头，闽西、赣南、粤北3省边72县的杉、木、竹，都放排来到这里，解缆转运。历史上的交通运转中心，发达了这一片地方。 也是，韩江来到这里，出了山地，一边，是北堤那道古河口，接下去，是州城，南堤；一边，就是意溪、东津这些盆地，接下去是象山、笔架山、狮山这些丘陵。山地的终止，平原的肇始，又紧望着对岸州城，还有州城以下宽广的河流。意溪，正是地理的形胜，历史的选择。 一道古鳄渡口，就抒写了这个古镇的曾经繁荣。 40年前，夕阳西下，我常常独自欲到北堤上去寻古，吸纳山之灵气，河之灵气。放眼望去，意溪岸边一派淳朴的风光，那些放排的壮硕男子，赤裸着古铜色的身体，在江中嬉水，一条红白方格的水布，就在水中漂流。曼妙的村姑，放下挎着的竹篮，就在旁边的埠头捶打衣衫。这道如诗如画的田园牧歌、生命风景，在韩江边上历无数朝代，直到公路修通、码头破败。 其实，韩江东岸，也不是不设防。这里，捍卫万亩以上的堤围有6宗，总长88.08公里，万亩以下的堤围24宗，总长43.78公里。意溪、东津的意东堤，就是韩江的第二大堤。这道大堤，位于州城潮州上游的左岸，长5.33公里，捍卫本市意溪、桥东、磷溪、官塘、铁铺还有毗邻澄海的隆都、东陇、樟林、店市、十五乡等镇区，这是一片富庶的经济作物和水稻高产区，耕地达12万亩，人口近40万众。 林檎，这种中国仅有的名优珍稀水果，就生长在这片土地上。 站在韩江的北堤望去，漫漫江流之上，沉沉一线的那道大堤，就让人揪心。这是一道随时准备献身的大堤。 从南宋至到现在，这道芳草萋萋的大堤，就风雨无阻地站在那里，默默注视着江中的变化。从拉纤、摇橹、挂帆、马达，这一路路变化，它都无声地看着，然后贮藏在心里。那种沉默，那种慈爱，那种隐忍，那种给予，都一一写在它生命的岁月里。 每当因由倥偬，踏足头塘、象山之间这道大堤，我都想为它歌哭。 和对岸的北堤一样，这一道大堤，也是捍卫这一段韩江。可是，地理因素，位置差异，这样阴差阳错，它们便有着不同的使命、宿命。因了右岸下方的州城，州城下游的揭阳、汕头，这道大堤，就时时悬着一个“？”号，悬着一个“！”号，悬着一道“生死牌”。 生死牌上，简简单单八个大字：“水情紧急，炸堤分洪。” 这是一道令人肃然起敬、令人感慨的悲壮、壮烈的大堤，它的身前，是滚滚韩江；身后，是意溪、东津、河内、锡美、桂坑这一大片分洪区。分洪区里，有一望无际的田畴、厝屋，还有名宦高士许申、卢侗、刘允、刘昉、陆竹溪、陈慈黉……的阴宅。许申是潮州的一大望族，后来，广州高第街的许地，就是从潮州分衍出去。刘昉是北宋虔州、潭州、夔州的知州，后来和包公包龙图一样，做到龙图阁直学士。 韩江，就这样，日夜不停地奔流，滋润着两岸丰腴的土地，也滋养着两岸聪慧的人民。 我再也读不到像韩江这样的河流，这一段小小的河流，养育出了文状元和武状元，也养育出了文科殿试里的状元、榜眼和探花…… 风，从江这边的头塘山口刮起来，那一道直直吹起的炊烟，飘散在袅袅的岁月里。 我是跟着这道炊烟，回到了历史。 那一个个熟悉和不熟悉的身影，也从历史中起身，向着我们走来。 那是公元1960年6月9日中午12点至晚上10点，太平洋一号台风正面袭击潮州。中心风力10级、阵风12级。这是一次人们完全意识不到的灾祸。狂风带着暴雨，一路呼啸着闯来。9日、10日、11日，3日中全市平均降雨222.8毫米，平原地区的彩塘、金石降雨400多毫米，归湖、凤凰两个山区镇降雨500多毫米。9日一日，凤凰降雨达324.02毫米，加上上游福建长汀、上杭、永定以及五华、兴宁、大埔普降212至475毫米的雨量，韩江水位急剧上涨。6月11日上午9时，韩江潮州段水位涨至历史最高水位16.87米，11时涨到16.88米的最高峰，流量每秒13300立方米，平均流速每秒1.86立方米，最大流速每秒2.56立方米，峰顶持续了3小时，突破韩江水灾的历史记录，构成极恶灾害。 这是一个抗灾者清醒的记录。水文资料记载，潮州地形自东北向西南倾斜，潮州城区一带，地面基点标高为14米左右，临河口庵埠附近，地面为最低，标高只有3—4米。16.88米的水位，已经超过地面近4—14米，大堤，这时候显示了人类固守家园的顽强信念和不可逾越的决绝决心。 风，是过去了。但是，雨，并没有过去。一阵一阵的豪雨，下得如江河倾倒，天崩地裂。9日下午，凤凰溪山洪暴发。 凤凰溪是韩江下游的一级支流，发源于大埔、饶平、潮安3县的山岽，流域内群山挺拔，分水岭高山环绕，主峰海拔1497.8米，山势陡峻，溪流直泻，天然落差424米，河床坡度达29%，于归湖的溪口注入韩江。 这一天下午4时，归湖黄枝湖堤决堤430米，山仔堤决堤55米，小堤全部溃决。第二天，上午11点30分，凤凰水库主坝漫顶93厘米；中午1点，高45.2米副坝崩溃，5990万立方米库水倾泻而下。排山倒海的库水，逼退了所有想奋不顾身或者惊悚的人们。水不管不顾，冲泻而下，第一个半小时平均约每秒2000立方米，第二个半小时更加极端，平均约每秒6200立方米。一个小时之内，库水全部倾容而出，冲向韩江。 这时，整个潮州，都动员起来，人们走出家门，走出学校，走出工厂，走出机关，走上南北堤，走上意东堤，走上东厢堤，走上官塘堤，走上秋北堤。这个时候，所有人的心里，都只有一个信念：守堤！守堤！守堤！守住大堤，就是守住希望，就是守住根本，就是守住未来。而家园，就是希望，就是根本，就是未来的承载啊！ 但是，惊涛骇浪，还是找到了破堤之口。 10日深夜，江东堤漫顶，谢渡段决口400米，樟厝洲段决口200米，亭头段决口100米。江东全镇，已成泽国，4万多人口和3万多亩田园，受浸于汪洋大水之中。 这个时候，我们的干部，我们的轮船，我们部队的汽艇，出现了，探照灯、大手电，轮番照射，救人。救人。救人。一切的工作，所有的中心，都紧紧围绕着：救人！ 不让一个人淹死，这是一道死命令，这是一个必须完成的结果。 那一个个熟悉和不熟悉的身影，就是在这个时候出现的。省委书记赵紫阳，省委书记处书记区梦觉，乘专机前来视察；省委秘书长张根生，省水利厅长刘兆伦亲临潮州指导工作；省委还派飞机13架次空投麻袋3万条、大米2万斤以及电池等一大批抗灾必需品；地委第一书记罗天，亲自带领群众破开江东蓬洞堤，为侵入江东的洪水拓开第二条出路，减少谢渡决口急流冲决对岸南堤的危险…… 我15岁的读金山中学初二年级的姐姐，就随着抗洪抢险的大军，夜强行军30里，去到那一处风雨飘摇的江之东，去到那一片流深浸腰的水世界。 5天5夜，我看不到母亲担忧的脸上的一丝笑容；5天5夜，我听不到远在江东的姐姐的一句歌声。5天5夜，潮州共出动52.5万人次，抢修大小险段400多处，使用麻袋168000条、杉木3500条，85公里长的大小堤围加高1—2米，共完成砂、土、石方25万立方米…… 5天5夜，姐姐在洪水中脱掉了稚气；5天5夜，潮州人民在洪水中想到了很多…… 公元1990年9月11日，韩江东岸的意东堤上，聚集了一支不同寻常的队伍。领队的，是一个高高瘦瘦的男子。 随着一串沉雄的号子声，一排揭去屋顶、拆去檩木的房子，应声轰然倒下了。此后，轰隆之声，断断