Chapter 26 Chapter 25 The Great Bloodline of Central Hunan——Chronicle of Shaoshan Irrigation District

Water has brought joy and hope to mankind, as well as pain and disaster. A history of human civilization is also a history of water control. The most worrying thing in Hunan is the flood and drought.It almost fills the history books. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the sons and daughters of Sanxiang, who suffered from floods and droughts, carried out magnificent water conservancy construction with the firm confidence and courage to change the world, and opened a new page in Hunan's water management. With the spirit of daring to be the first, Hunan people have started a great practice in water conservancy!

The Hunan people who dare to be the first have created brilliant achievements in water conservancy that are worthy of the times: the comprehensive management of Dongting Lake has achieved remarkable results, and the number of reservoirs built ranks first in the country... Undoubtedly, the Shaoshan Irrigation Project located in central Hunan is a monument in the history of water control in Hunan and even in the history of water control in China! She irrigates 1 million mu of farmland within an area of ​​about 2,500 square kilometers in seven counties [cities, districts] including Shaoshan, Ningxiang, Xiangtan, Xiangxiang, Shuangfeng, Yuelu and Yuhu in the three cities of Xiangtan, Changsha and Loudi. It has comprehensive utilization functions such as industrial water supply, power generation, shipping, flood control and drainage, and breeding. It is the largest water diversion irrigation project in Hunan Province.

She is like the blood of the land in central Hunan. The 240-kilometer-long main, south, and north main canals are like arteries and veins, passing through mountains and ridges, rolling all the way; while the 2,760-kilometer branch canals are like capillaries, meandering on the boundless fields. Walking, nourishing more than 1 million acres of farmland, warming the hearts of millions of people... In the early winter of 2009, the author walked into her body and mind, walked into her dusty memory, and chewed on the exciting scenes of that year along the footsteps of the interview I had done more than 30 years ago.

In Hunan, where the average annual precipitation is between 1,200 and 1,700 millimeters, there is plenty of rainfall, and there should be only floods. How can there be severe droughts?But it is true.According to statistics, during the 49 years from 1950 to 1998, the province's accumulative disaster-affected area was 471.63 million mu, equivalent to 1.6 times the province's flood-affected area of ​​288.32 million mu and disaster-affected area of ​​127.39 million mu.Droughts have reduced food production by 29.8 billion kilograms, with an average annual reduction of 610 million kilograms.

What does drought feel like?Let's listen to this folk song once spread on both sides of Lianshui in Hunan: Let's not talk about when this folk song began to spread beside Lianshui. Let's first listen to the story told by the local people: A long time ago, there was a lake called Yunhu near Lianshui in the hilly area of ​​central Hunan. lakes.However, where is the cloud lake in the early years?How big is it?Because of the long history, no one has seen it, and it has always been a mystery! What Yunhu left for people is only the moving legend and the extreme desire for water. There is no lake in the place of Yunhu Lake!There is no water in Yunhu Lake!Yunhu Lake has been suffering from the drought of waiting and hoping for water for many years.

Water, where is the water? ! ... The people in Yunhu Lake look at the starry sky, but there is a Milky Way in the sky. In the hearts of the working people who have been ravaged by the drought for generations, only the water in the Milky Way always flows, flows, and flows continuously for thousands of years... However, when will the endless water of the Tianhe River be brought to the places where water is scarce in the world?And who can use the water from the Tianhe River to fill the ancient legendary Yunhu Lake and use it to moisten the vast fields? In this way, the people of central Hunan have been looking forward, year after year, day after day, and have been waiting for the arrival of water.However, the water flowing far away from Yunhu Lake is empty, and the floods, droughts and famines of nature still weigh heavily on the people of Yunhu Lake.

In that era, why did the people of Yunhu not want to conquer nature and overcome famine.However, years of wars have caused the people to live without a fixed place, and it is impossible to fight against nature at all.In a drought year, the area around Yunhu Lake is still full of water flowing in the distance, and people worry on the mountain!Natural disasters have brought suffering to the people, and wars have aggravated the disaster. We opened the local chronicles, and the pages were shocking and full of blood and tears: In the 305 years from 1644 to 1949, there were 31 major droughts on both sides of the Lianshui River, including Yunhu Lake, with an average of one major drought every 10 years!

History cannot forget the disaster in 1934: On May 13 of that year, Lianshui flooded, and the river surged. One night, the banks of Lianshui were filled with ocean, all the farmland and rice were submerged, livestock were swept away, and houses collapsed. Farmers on both sides of the strait were destroyed.However, the disaster brought by this flood to the people in the Lianshui River Basin is far more than that.Soon after the flood receded, there was another 48 days of drought, and the rice fields failed to harvest.People on both sides of the Lianshui could only hold their tears, and went out with their children to escape famine and beg for rice.At that time, it was a day of high temperature and high humidity. The peasants were suffering from hunger and disease, and corpses were strewn across the fields, presenting a miserable scene everywhere.

Yes, not only water flows in the Lianhe River, but also the tears of the peasants who can't measure it! When will Tianhe fall into the world, and Yunhu will become a paradise! The people are looking forward to it! On October 1, 1949, New China was established, people turned around, and water conservancy also began to turn around.The people on both sides of the Lianshui have survived the long years, swam through the vast sea of ​​suffering, and finally hoped for hope.Although the foundation of water conservancy development in Hunan was quite weak at this time, the people of Hunan still actively carried out the construction of farmland water conservancy without hesitation.

As soon as the People's Republic of China was founded, Hunan took advantage of Lianshui in the management of water conservancy, and included the water management of the Lianshui River Basin in the first five-year plan. At the beginning of 1950, the People's Government of Hunan Province instructed that the Provincial Hydropower Bureau form a team to conduct surveys in the Lianshui and Juan water basins.The Shaoshan Irrigation District built later spans the four watersheds of Lianshui, Jinjiang, Juanshui and Ziyun River, which are the primary tributaries of the Xiangjiang River, with Lianshui having the largest drainage area.Most of the benefited area of ​​the irrigation area is distributed in the Lianshui River Basin, which covers an area of ​​more than 7,100 square kilometers and the river is more than 230 kilometers long.It is not difficult to see from this that the water management of the Lianshui River Basin can be said to be the main reason for the construction of the Shaoshan Irrigation District.

Due to the limited conditions at that time, the construction of dikes and ponds was regarded as an urgent project. At the same time, the idea of ​​building a high dam in the canyon in the upper reaches of Lianshui and multi-objective development was also proposed.Therefore, from 1951 to 1956, small farmland water conservancy construction such as small reservoirs, ponds, and dikes in the Lianshui River Basin developed, which alleviated some of the contradictions in agricultural production water use. However, due to the small scale and low standards of these facilities, floods Disasters still happen from time to time. In order to completely solve the water conservancy problem in the Lianshui River Basin and seek the possibility of building a high dam in the upper reaches of the Lianshui River, the Hunan Provincial Water Conservancy Department once again organized a team to survey Lianshui, and in the second half of 1957, they proposed to build a reservoir at the Shuifu Temple in the upper reaches of the Lianshui River. Feasibility report on constructing diversion dam at Yangtan, which is 10000 km away, and diversion dam into south and north trunk canals. The Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the construction of Shuifumiao Reservoir and Shuifumiao Irrigation Area in 1958. At that time, the project was called Shuifumiao Irrigation Area Project.In September of the same year, the reservoir dam broke ground and was basically completed in September of the following year.As for the Shuifumiao irrigation project, only the 170-meter diversion dam and the head of the ship lock have been completed.Some canal sections were excavated intermittently.Unfortunately, due to national economic difficulties and other reasons, he was forced to dismount in 1960.This time, a lot of manpower and material resources were invested in opening the canal. Not only did it fail to bring out the benefits of irrigation, but it also dug up some farmland facilities, which had a certain negative impact on the subsequent construction of irrigation areas. In 1964, when double-cropping rice was planted in central Hunan, the contradiction between water demand and water shortage became more prominent.At the same time, after three years of difficult times, the central government has adjusted its economic policies, and the economy has improved considerably.At this time, the enthusiasm of the masses for production was high, and they urgently demanded to rebuild irrigation channels to promote stable and high agricultural production. All of a sudden, the calls for the construction of the Shaoshan Irrigation Project became louder and louder. As for the contradiction between Hunan's water demand and water shortage, the provincial leaders see it in their eyes and worry about it. Born in 1907, Zhang Pinghua, who has experienced the baptism of blood and fire in war, has a strict demeanor, a serene and calm demeanor, especially his eyes are always contemplative, giving people a sense of seriousness, sophistication and energy.He was transferred from the secretary of the Hubei Provincial Party Committee Secretariat to Hunan as the first secretary of the Provincial Party Committee in the second half of 1959 during the three-year difficult period. It can also be said that he was ordered at a time of crisis. Although the construction of the Shaoshan Irrigation Project was a historical necessity, the launch of the socialist education movement was the trigger for the official construction, and Zhang Pinghua was the one who ignited the fuse. From the second half of 1961, the national economy of Hunan Province began to improve. In 1962, the agricultural harvest was bumper. In 1963, the whole province was in a better situation.Although the situation was good at that time, Zhang Pinghua was still thinking about such a problem: agriculture is the foundation of the national economy, and food is the foundation of the foundation. Indeed, since liberation, under the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee, the Hunan Provincial Party Committee has done a lot of work, agricultural production has developed greatly compared to before, and great achievements have been made in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and basic construction of farmland and water conservancy. , but there are still many weaknesses, mainly reflected in the lack of arable land, low yield, instability, and monopoly.Especially unstable: in the fourteen years after liberation, there were only four years of good harvests, six years of poor harvests, and four years of flat production. Zhang Pinghua was a very clear-headed and decisive leader. In the autumn of 1963, he sent two provincial leaders, Li Ruishan in charge of agriculture and Hua Guofeng in charge of finance and trade, out of Hunan to visit the agricultural production in Guangdong and Shanghai.This visit was really rewarding. Not only did I learn from other people’s experience and understand my own problems, but I also wrote a report to the Central Committee based on the situation of the visit and compared the problems in Hunan, which won the attention of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao Zedong.Mao Zedong believed that it was a good idea for Hunan to go to other places to learn from experience, and pointed out in his instructions: "Strengthen mutual learning, overcome complacency and complacency." In January 1964, Zhang Pinghua organized the provincial party committee to seriously study the instructions of the central government on strengthening mutual learning, overcoming complacency and complacency.At an enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, they also carefully studied how to do everything possible to win a good agricultural harvest; how to set off a learning movement for the whole party and the whole people; how to mobilize the enthusiasm of the broad masses of cadres and the masses through the socialist education movement. Agriculture must go up, and cadres must go down.After making a decision, practice it.Zhang Pinghua first went to the Lianghu Brigade in Xiangtan County to stay in the camp. Others came to Hunan to guide their work. For example, Tan Zhenlin, a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council, and Hu Yaobang, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, went to several counties such as Xiangtan and Xiangxiang. 【City】Squat to run a team.It was during this squatting to run the team that the leaders heard the voice of the masses - to repair the Lianshui channel. Hence Zhang Pinghua’s speech at the summary meeting of the first batch of socialist education campaign pilots in the winter of 1964: “…Through the socialist education campaign, people’s thinking can be improved, and agricultural grain production must also be increased. .To develop agriculture, we must first solve the water conservancy problem. Shouldn't the Lianshui channel be launched..." As soon as the question was raised, it was first approved by the leading comrades of the Central Committee who were guiding the work in Hunan. All the comrades present at the meeting also applauded to express their approval of this proposal. What about water conservancy? Zhang Pinghua, who worked in Wuhan just across the lake from Hunan after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, naturally understood: After years of construction in the Dongting Lake area, 70% of the farmland in the ten counties near the lake has achieved guaranteed harvest from drought and flood, which now accounts for a large area. The water conservancy problem in the hilly area has not been solved. If the Lianshui canal is repaired, in Xiangxiang, Xiangtan, Ningxiang and other Sanxiang lands, one million mu of farmland can be saved from drought and flood, which is a great event. But everyone knows that it is not easy to repair the Lianshui channel! People will never forget: Lianshui channel was launched for the first time, because of lack of investigation and research, no respect for objective reality, blind action, the result was insufficient financial and material resources, and was soon forced to dismount, not only paid huge economic losses, but more importantly The most important thing is to dampen the enthusiasm of the people. This is a profound lesson. This "overturn of the past" is "a lesson from the past"! However, after all, Zhang Pinghua is an old revolutionary with rich work experience, and he is far-sighted in his work.He believes that first of all, we must guide the people to correctly summarize and treat historical experience correctly, despise the enemy strategically, and pay attention to the enemy tactically.He also advocated that, first of all, we must find a good team, with a few comrades who have a firm and correct political direction, a work style of hard work, and are able to handle things, and will be able to handle things; To achieve the satisfaction of the masses; once again, we must act in accordance with the spirit of the general line, the labor force shall not exceed 25% of the total labor force, and the combination of professional long-term construction and seasonal short-term assaults will definitely not miss the agricultural production of the year. Zhang Pinghua also specifically reported the construction of the Shaoshan Irrigation District to the State Council. Premier Zhou Enlai and Vice Premiers Chen Yun, Li Xiannian, and Tan Zhenlin all attached great importance to it. They have already stated that the state will allocate funds to build the Shaoshan Irrigation District. With the support of the leading comrades of the Central Committee and the urgent demands of the broad masses, things can be done well.But on the basis of building confidence, how to avoid blindness, how to imagine more problems and estimate more difficulties, these are also what leaders and planners must consider.Zhang Pinghua thought. "You raise a thousand difficulties, and I will solve a thousand for you. You don't have to use your brains. If you can't ask questions, you will be responsible for things you don't do well." This is what Zhang Pinghua said at a meeting. Make up your mind, and the earth will shake. The opportunity to build channels is becoming more and more mature, and there are many voices of praise, but there are also many voices of opposition. On January 16, 1965, Zhang Pinghua sent two comrades, Wang Dingqian and Sun Guozhi, to the Communication Office of the Xiangtan area to hold a symposium for representatives of the beneficiary areas of the Lianshui Channel.There were 69 representatives from the water conservancy departments of districts, communes, provinces, prefectures, counties and cities attended the meeting. They talked about understanding and calculating benefits. During the four-day meeting, the cadres and the masses expressed a lot of concerns: The project is large, the canal line is long, deep cuts and high fillings are required, buildings are difficult to get, and it is uncertain whether they will be repaired or not; across three special agencies, six counties and cities, people's hearts are hard to get together, you don't want him to; excavate many acres of land, construction time If the delay is too long and the labor force cannot come down, what should I do if the production was reduced that year?How much is benefited, and the burden is divided into severity. The beneficiary area cannot be taken down. Once people from the non-beneficiary area come, they will make the mistake of "one leveling and two adjustments"; the task is heavy and the time is short. It is a grassroots cadre; the country is still in difficulty, the farmers are too poor, and it is difficult to raise money. It is difficult to do it! After returning from the symposium, Wang Dingqian truthfully reported to Zhang Pinghua. "Don't be anxious. The opinion of the masses is not that you don't want to change the appearance, but that the channel has not been dug out in the past few years, and you have suffered. This time, you have concerns about repairing it! If we complete the project, it will be a living teaching material." Zhang Pinghua He was neither surprised nor angry, and said lightly. The opposition did not shake Zhang Pinghua's determination at all! In February 1965, the Provincial Party Committee officially established the Provincial Hydropower Design Institute, and completed the preliminary design of the irrigation area in two months, and then reported it to the Central Ministry of Water and Power for approval.At that time, considering that the main area of ​​the irrigation area was the lower reaches of Lianshui River, the irrigation area was renamed "Lianshui Project".This is the second name change of the Shaoshan Irrigation Project. The first time was the construction of the Shuifumiao Irrigation Project approved by the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1958. From April 13th to 15th, the first commander-in-chief meeting was held in the First Guest House of the Provincial Party Committee in Changsha.More than 20 people from the three regions of Xiangtan, Shaoyang, and Yiyang, and the five counties and cities of Xiangxiang, Xiangtan, Ningxiang, Shuangfeng, and Xiangtan attended the meeting to discuss the decision of the provincial party committee and determine that the three regions will be based on counties. Establish a unified engineering command... Since May, the Provincial Hydropower Design Institute has organized a survey and design team of 250 people, which is under the leadership of the Provincial Engineering Headquarters. It has been nervously designing the first phase of engineering technology, and has successively selected technicians to set up the layout and train farmers. construction site. On May 12, the provincial party committee mobilized two companies of migrant workers in Yutang District, Xiangxiang County to go to work early to build a model canal on Xin'ao, Chengguan Town, Xiangxiang, to prepare for the start of work, and suggested that the counties start recruiting workers in June. From May 19th to 20th, the second commander-in-chief meeting was held in the First Guest House of the Provincial Party Committee.This time, 54 people participated in the meeting, and before the conclusion of the meeting, the first engineering party committee was held, and the party committee was confirmed to be composed of 11 people. In fact, when the preparatory work was in full swing, Zhang Pinghua and other major leaders in the province were also looking for a suitable commander.Everyone understands this: as a rare large-scale water conservancy project in the history of Hunan, especially the large-scale project built in the hometown of Chairman Mao Zedong and Chairman Liu Shaoqi, how important it is to choose a capable commander. As for why Hua Guofeng was finally determined to be the commander and political commissar, Comrade Hua Guofeng talked about this in an interview more than 30 years later: "At that time, I was the secretary of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee Secretariat and the executive vice governor. I am old and not in good health, so the burden of the daily work of the provincial government falls on my shoulders. At that time, the provincial party committee decided to build the Shaoshan irrigation area to build the hometowns of Chairman Mao and Chairman Liu Shaoqi better. With the technology at that time level and productivity level, to repair the largest water diversion irrigation project in Hunan Province at that time, the burden was very heavy. Comrade Zhang Pinghua, the secretary, decided to appoint me as the commander of the project on the basis of extensive consultation. Of course, I also gladly accepted this arduous task." However, when 30,000 migrant workers were employed before the groundbreaking ceremony, difficulties arose on the construction site: a 25-meter-deep hillside had to be split in the Lishutang canal section of Xiangtan; Landslides continued, and the project was quite difficult.At the same time, a large amount of building materials and mechanical facilities had to be temporarily raised without prior notice to the Planning Commission and the material department. It is by no means easy to complete a huge project with high standards in a short period of time.Wang Zhiguo and several confirmed deputy commanders all made difficulties.Therefore, they suggested to Zhang Pinghua: Comrade Hua Guofeng must be called to fight in person.The Provincial Party Committee adopted their opinions.Without further ado, Hua Guofeng entrusted Zhao Bingyan, member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and Secretary-General of the Provincial Government, with all the work of the executive vice-governor of the provincial government, and went to the construction site without hesitation. One day before the start of work, Zhang Pinghua went to Shaoshan to inspect the work.At this time, he thought that Xiangxiang, Xiangtan, and Ningxiang counties, which are the main part of the irrigation area, are all near Shaoshan. "Shaoshan is famous all over the world." Is it more conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of cadres and the masses and increasing the popularity of the project?In fact, during this period of time, he always felt that the name of this project "Lianshui Project" was a bit wrong, and he had been thinking about changing the name.Soon, Zhang Pinghua informed the comrades of the Xiangtan Prefectural Committee of this idea.The comrades of the prefectural committee fully agreed, and suggested that the introduction of water into Shaoshan Chong would be worthy of the name.Later, Zhang Pinghua discussed this idea with other comrades of the Provincial Party Committee, and everyone agreed with it.As a result, there was the theory that the project was renamed three times.At the plenary meeting of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee a few days later, Zhang Pinghua formally proposed to name the Lianshui Canal Project as the Shaoshan Irrigation District, and passed the "Decision on Constructing the Shaoshan Irrigation District Project" by the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Hunan Provincial People's Committee. Of course, the project construction of the irrigation district is not simply a matter of changing the name. After practice, people's minds are constantly being liberated, and the planning and design of the project are constantly being revised.The final design is the result of careful investigation and research, adhering to the mass line, and concentrating the wisdom of the masses.According to the data at that time: In order to explore the rationality and best benefits of the design, leading cadres at all levels and engineering planning and design personnel successively visited more than 800 grassroots cadres and local old farmers, held more than 150 various symposiums, and supplemented various design institutes. More than 20,000 copies of the required data and other primary materials. On June 11, the Provincial Headquarters moved from Changsha to Xiangtan Hotel and officially opened.It is clear that Hua Guofeng, secretary of the Provincial Party Committee Secretariat and executive vice governor, will be the commander and political commissar, Wang Zhiguo, Shi Jie, Liu Zhe, Zhang Heting [and deputy political commissar], and Jia Yong will be the deputy commanders, and Zhang Wenbo, director of the political department of the Shaoyang Army Division Director of the Political Department of the headquarters.The headquarters has offices, group cadres, publicity, security, pro-democracy movement, engineering, greening, finance, equipment, sanitation, etc., and three-way office and other functional departments. At the same time, the headquarters of the four counties of Xiangxiang, Xiangtan, Ningxiang, and Shuangfeng also mobilized cadres, put up a shelf, and started propaganda and mobilization, organizing migrant workers to go into battle. The Zhexi Engineering Team, the Provincial Hydropower Engineering Team, and the Xiangtan Special Administration Engineering Team also went to the construction site to prepare for construction. On June 28, the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Hunan Provincial People's Committee officially issued the "Decision on the Construction of the Shaoshan Irrigation Project" to the whole province.The decision states: "The triangular area of ​​Xiangxiang, Xiangtan and Ningxiang counties is mostly a hilly area, which was often threatened by drought and flood in the past. In 1958, the Shuifumiao Reservoir was built in the upper reaches of Lianshui River. Since the channel was not built, it could only be Power generation, no irrigation, water conservancy problems naturally cannot be fundamentally resolved. In 1964, the three counties launched a socialist education movement at the same time. To solve water conservancy problems, accelerate the development of agricultural production, and change the appearance. In order to meet the needs of the masses, the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial People's Committee decided to build Lianshui Channel. "1. The three counties of Xiangxiang, Xiangtan and Ningxiang that the Lianshui Canal flows through are located around Shaoshan, so the Lianshui Canal is named 'Shaoshan Irrigation District'. "Second, the Shaoshan Irrigation Project Headquarters in Hunan Province was established, with Hua Guofeng, Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee Secretariat and Deputy Governor, serving as the commander and political commissar..." The news spread throughout Sanxiang, and all the cadres and the masses rejoiced!Even Tao Zhu, who was the first secretary of the Central South Bureau at the time, lamented proudly: This is also one of the largest irrigation projects in Central South China. This decision immediately won the support of leaders at all levels and the masses of cadres and the masses, and the whole province took action quickly.Shaoyang, Xiangtan, and Yiyang quickly mobilized 100,000 militiamen into battle. The date is fixed on July 1, 1965.Today is the 44th birthday of the Communist Party of China.The Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Provincial People's Committee held the opening ceremony of the Shaoshan Irrigation District Project on Xin'ao on the outskirts of Xiangxiang. Early in the morning, the migrant workers team held high the red flag, beat gongs and drums, and rushed to the construction site of Shaoshan Irrigation District.On all the mountain avenues, bright red flags fluttered, and groups of troops rushing towards the construction site!Male and female militiamen, armed with rifles, machine guns and spears, marched into the venue majestically.Teachers and students of primary and secondary schools in Xiangxiang County also brought Chairman Mao's works dedicated to the migrant workers and hundreds of pairs of straw sandals woven in their spare time to the representatives of the migrant workers. "Study Chairman Mao's works and build Chairman Mao's hometown!" "Fix the irrigation area and train good people, and you will have a good harvest both spiritually and materially!" "Overcome all difficulties and successfully complete the project task of Shaoshan Irrigation District!" ... The battle cry resounded throughout the construction site. The groundbreaking ceremony was presided over by Zhang Heting, deputy political commissar of Shaoshan Irrigation District Engineering Headquarters.On behalf of the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial People's Committee, Shang Zijin, a member of the Provincial Party Committee and Deputy Governor, expressed warm congratulations on the official start of the Shaoshan Irrigation Project. On behalf of the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial People's Committee, he also read out the Decision on Constructing Shaoshan Irrigation Project".Wang Zhiguo, Secretary of the Party Committee and Deputy Commander of the Shaoshan Irrigation District Project Headquarters, made a mobilization report on project requirements, construction guidelines and basic measures on behalf of the Provincial Engineering Party Committee and the Provincial Headquarters. This means that the 100,000 troops led by Hua Guofeng officially started the water conservancy battle that shocked China! people!Only the people are the heroes who make history! This truth has been fully confirmed by history. When interviewing and consulting historical materials, many people referred to the people who built the Shaoshan Irrigation Project as "migrant workers". They are not exaggerated. At that time, Hua Guofeng, who was the secretary of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee Secretariat, the executive vice governor, and concurrently the project commander and political commissar of the Shaoshan Irrigation District, was naturally the commander-in-chief of the 100,000 troops. This is a tough battle!For a channel hundreds of miles long, 70 hills need to be split, 16 aqueducts erected, and 10 tunnels passed through; such a large and difficult project takes only 10 months, and it is completely carried out by hand. The scene at that time can be described as majestic.Look, on the more than 100-kilometer-long front, red flags are fluttering, people are buzzing, guns are rumbling, and all projects are carried out smoothly and quickly as planned. Hua Guofeng is a very pragmatic commander. As soon as he entered the battle, he walked for eight consecutive days, conducted investigations and studies at various construction sites, and convened a discussion with the heads of relevant units, engineering technicians, and representatives of the local people to solve problems in engineering design and construction. A number of unresolved issues involving the interests of the people along the canal.Immediately afterwards, he convened a meeting of leaders of relevant departments, bureaus and departments in the province to mobilize all parties to support the construction of the Shaoshan irrigation area. Hua Guofeng, who has always been good at doing political and ideological work, turned a construction site of 100,000 people into a large school for studying Chairman Mao's works in just 10 months, and trained 100,000 people into a PLA without military uniforms. Today, there are still many touching stories about Hua Guofeng and the heroic builders circulating in the irrigation area. Unfortunately, due to space limitations, we can only excerpt a few of them and dedicate them to readers. Story one: This story does not make people cry, but we must write it, because Grandpa He's mood represented the mood and mental state of most builders at that time. "Count me in!" After hearing the news of the construction of the irrigation area, Grandpa He, who was nearly seventy years old, with a medium build and a slender face, rushed to the house of Lao Hu, the party branch secretary of the brigade. Grandpa He's words without beginning or end made Old Hu stunned: "What one?" "I'll be the one to fix the irrigation area!" Grandpa He added hastily. Lao Hu laughed when he heard this. "What are you laughing at?" Grandpa He was a little puzzled. "The superior stipulates that repairing the irrigation area requires good laborers under the age of forty-five..." Old Hu said. "Then I'll go!" Suddenly, a young man rushed in front of them and said. "What are you fighting for! You will have plenty of opportunities in the future!" Grandpa He glared at the young man and begged Lao Hu eagerly, "Chairman Mao led us to overthrow three mountains and establish a new China. Only then did I walk with my head held high and my chest held high, and I spoke proudly. To build Chairman Mao's hometown, I will be one of them!" The young man standing on the side was none other than Grandpa He's son. Relying on such sincerity, Grandpa He walked in the ranks of the 100,000 construction army in high spirits.Although he is overage. On a starry autumn night, Grandpa He heard a young man finish reading, and immediately stepped out the door against the evening wind. "It's late at night, where are you going?" the young man hurriedly asked. "Didn't you say that you are completely focused on the revolution? A few days ago, Commander Hua went to the construction site in the rain to listen to the report of the migrant worker cadres on the study of Chairman Mao's works. He even approached me, an old man. Talk to my son, instruct me to study Chairman Mao's works, and do it accordingly. I want the commander-in-chief to rest assured!" The young man was deeply moved.Just now, he read "Serving the People" to the old man, and when he read the sentence "...works thoroughly for the benefit of the people", he explained the word "thoroughly" to the old man according to his own understanding. .Unexpectedly, the old man not only kept it firmly in his heart, but also took action immediately. At this moment, He Agong collected the damaged dustpans in the team one by one, weaving and repairing them under the moonlight, and he did it so earnestly and happily. One day, the whistle to call it a day just blew. Suddenly, there was a loud "boom!", and the sand, gravel and soil rushed down like a torrent, the newly opened channel was submerged, and the fighting workshop was filled... The landslide is like a mountain blocking the advancing Milky Way! Immediately, the headquarters issued an instruction: six days to complete the task of destroying a thousand squares in a surprise attack! "Okay?" Someone hesitated. "Mountains can't stop Yu Gong; landslides can't stop us! Organize an assault team, and I'll come!" Grandpa He, who was nearly seventy years old, stood up patted his chest! There was warm applause at the scene.Afterwards, five great guys stood up and formed a surprise team with Grandpa He.Grandpa He went into battle and served as the leader of the assault team.Every morning at four o'clock in the morning, he led the whole group of comrades to the construction site, groping in the dark for more than 40 dan of soil before dawn.In the difficult construction site with a height of 18 meters and a transportation distance of 150 meters, the average work efficiency per person per day reached 3.1 cubic meters, creating the highest record in the entire company. The power of role models is endless!Young people flocked into the commando group.The commando group suddenly increased from six to 73 people, and the commando group had to be changed into a commando. The "big mountain" was quickly moved away by these contemporary foolish old men, and the Galaxy Project is advancing with great vigor! Later, the 70-year-old Grandpa He and a group of steel men stood under the brightly colored party banner, solemnly raised his right hand, and solemnly swore an oath to the party. Grandpa He is just a representative and a microcosm. In the battle to build the irrigation area, more than 600 people joined the party, more than 10,000 people joined the league, and more than 41,000 people were rated as model workers and advanced workers. Story two: Starting from the Sanxiang distribution area where the Shaoshan Irrigation District Engineering Administration Bureau is located, walk six miles along the sidewalk beside the Zuogan Canal, and the Wangmei Brigade is on the right bank of the canal. There is such a folk song circulating in the Wangmei Brigade: The Wangmei area, because there are many people with the surname Han, and the old name is Hanjiashan, is indeed a place with nine droughts in ten years and a severe shortage of water.Most of the fields in Hanjiashan are dried fish head fields, and all farming depends on looking at the sky.If it doesn't rain, not only will the fields lose their harvest, but it will be difficult for people to drink water.Before the founding of New China, this was the thoroughfare from Yintian Temple to Xiangtan, and there was a pavilion on the side of the road.Because of the lack of water sources, people who rest often cannot find water to quench their thirst. Some people think of the story of Cao Cao leading his troops to look at plum trees to quench their thirst, so they painted a few plum trees on the wall. After a long time, everyone called this pavilion Wangmei Pavilion.Later, someone planted plum trees beside the pavilion, and a plaque was installed on the pavilion.After the establishment of the People's Commune, the brigade was named "Wangmei". As for water, every household in Wangmei has a blood-and-tear-stained account of bitter water. Grandpa Han once recounted his ordeal: When I was born, my mother had to carry water and irrigate the crops while she was pregnant with me. Due to overwork, I was born early before my full term pregnancy. In 1934, a severe drought unseen in a century occurred in Hunan, and there was no heavy rain for fifty-seven days.The bottoms of the ponds in Hanjiashan and the big ones were two or three feet deep, and there was only a little water in the public soaking well, which was surrounded by poles by the landlord to prevent the masses from carrying it.In order to save the dying seedlings, the poor peasants in Hanjiashan set up twenty-five water trucks by the small river, braving the scorching sun and staring at the stars, treading non-stop, treading...the carts can be filled with water for several days, On my thighs, poisonous heat boils the size of a wine glass developed, making it impossible to walk or even sit down.I was only eight years old at the time, and seeing my father collapsed beside the waterwheel several times, I went to replace it. I was too short to grasp the handrail of the waterwheel, so I could only grab the wooden square below, imitating my father's appearance, and kept going. Stepping on the ground, stepping on the ground... I hate the black-hearted dog landlord, deliberately saying that the old Han's field blocked his waterway, and wanted to dig up the old Han's field.My father reasoned with the landlord, but was beaten to death on the ridge of the field by the dog legs.In the autumn of that year, more than half of the rice fields in the village failed to harvest any grains, and the two mound fields of Lao Han's family only received a few bundles of short and thin fern grass.My mother and I had no choice but to go out to escape famine with sticks to beg for rice.My mother died tragically on the way to flee famine.I remember that when she was dying, she wanted to drink a sip of the water from her hometown but she couldn't drink it!After liberation, the people turned their backs, defeated the landlords, established cooperatives and people's communes, and the poor and lower-middle peasants became the masters of society and the land.In order to fight the drought, we dug ponds to store water, and used machines to lift irrigation, and thought of many ways. In 1958, in order to fundamentally solve the problem of water shortage, the people of Wangmei worked hard on water conservancy and built a pond overnight.However, due to the fact that the water shortage problem has not been fundamentally resolved, the grain production here has been developing slowly, with an average of only 400 catties per mu. The benefits that New China brought to them are far more than these.The historical opportunity to change Wangmei's appearance has finally come. It was a sunny March morning in 1964.A special guest came to Wangmei brigade Huang Zhishu's home. Hua Guofeng, then Secretary of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee Secretariat and Secretary of the Xiangtan Prefectural Party Committee, brought several cadres to his home.They sat in the main room, drank old hemp leaf tea, tasted the economic tobacco grown and rolled by members themselves, and ate small dishes that farmers often ate. Hua Guofeng and the others are here to investigate the water source.When the commune members heard the news, they all came to Huang Zhishu's house and sat around Hua Guofeng and the others. "Water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture. It must be solved thoroughly, but how to solve it depends on everyone's ideas and solutions." Hua Guofeng said.Later, he told everyone the story of Cao Cao looking for plums to quench his thirst in a very humorous manner.He said: "Looking at the plum blossoms can't really quench your thirst, and looking at the water, the water won't come by itself. The only way is to give full play to the advantages of the socialist system and work hard on socialism. Only by doing it can you change it. Water conservancy can change the face of water shortage.” "It's a pity that we don't have a water source here. If there is a water source, my old man is willing to do it." An old man interjected. "Everyone should stand taller and think farther away!" Hua Guofeng said with a slight smile. At this time, the masses started to talk about it. "Shuifumiao Reservoir, which intercepts Lianshui, has abundant water sources." “水府庙离望梅一百多里，隔着重重山，我们任凭有天大干劲也引不来呀，还不是望梅止渴。” ... 华国锋站了起来，用手指着前面的山头，做了一个劈砍的手势，说道：“只要我们组织起来，调动千军万马，逢山劈山，哪有引不来的水？我们一定要把毛主席的家乡建设好。” 要将水引到望梅，必须过梨树塘，这也是韶山灌区有名的难工段。这段渠道有820多米长，最深的地方达25米。这里土质复杂，有禾镰子土，河泥土，牛皮泥，还有岩石。几十万方弃土要从渠道底下担到二百至三百米外的山上，工程相当艰巨。由于土质不好，12月份两次垮塌两万多方。为了拿下这一工程，指挥部在这里组织了七千人的大会战。当时正是寒冬腊月，滴水成冰的岁月，但大家的热情不减。 有一首民歌记载了当时的盛况： 故事三： 在1965年那个夏末秋初的日子里，柘溪工程总队渡漕二队和起重队奉命开到了湘乡，在洙津渡的河岸上安营扎寨，摆开了战场。然而，当二队的技术人员摊开图纸，面对滔滔涟水，结构渡漕的雏形时，从外面却吹来了一股“冷风”。 “你们这土办法，想在这里修渡漕吗？莫说明年春天通不了水，五年能修得成，算你们有本事。”有人开始泼冷水了。 二队的技术员心里自然有杆秤，他们深知，在奔腾湍急的涟水河上修桥，确属不易。这时，还有人跟他们讲起了这里的一个传说。 传说两百年前，在洙津渡上边不远的地方修过一座万福桥，耗费了大量的资金，前前后后花了五年的时间才建成。当时还被称之为“工大竣速”的“楚南大观”。 二队的技术人员想，今天，我们却要在一个冬春的短促时间里，在流水湍急、河沙深厚的涟水河上，修一座等于万福桥三倍的大渡漕，又将会遇到一些什么困难呢？该怎样来打好这关键一仗呢？ “同志们，会上总指挥作了重要指示，他强调指出，我们在指导思想上，要把困难估计得足足的，在战略上要藐视困难，在战术上必须重视困难……”二队队长刚从指挥部开会回来就召集二队的同志们开会，传达指挥部的会议精神。 队长说完，就急忙从口袋里掏出一张散发着油墨馨香的《韶山灌区报》来，激动而又欢叫着：“大家快来看总指挥的亲笔题词啊！” 二队的同志们闻声而上，里三层外三层地围个水泄不通。这时，队长把报纸展开，高高地举起来，大家伙抬眼一望，一行遒劲的大字映入眼帘： 做出一个符合总路线精神的引水工程的好样板来。 这对二队的同志们无疑是个巨大的鼓舞和鞭策！ 一时间，洙津渡工地上红旗招展，热气腾腾。河床上，围堰清基的工人，犹如水中蛟龙，时而钻下去，时而浮上来，把一个个装满黏土卵石的草袋沉入水中；沙滩上，混凝土工人手提振捣器，正在使劲地捣紧加固水泥预制件；渡漕的两端，民工们正挥舞银锄、推着土车，吆喝喧天地挖填土方；大卡车源源不断地拉来了钢筋、木材、水泥等等建筑材料。 听，河岸上的高音喇叭，正在报道工程飞速进展的情况，报道着工地上的好人好事，播放着革命的音乐；雄壮的劳动号子、嘹亮的战斗歌声，和水泥搅拌机声、空气压缩机声、卷扬机声、风钻的轰鸣声汇成激动人心的乐曲，响彻涟河上空的云天，掀起涟水层层碧波；耸立涟水两岸的狮子山，也在回响着扣人心弦的声浪！ 这竞赛的场面，这动人的乐曲，这和谐的一切，招来多少参观者啊。村村寨寨的老人、小孩子，都前来观光了。 当时的一位老阿公，他原来有点不大相信能在这儿修渡漕，但当他看着眼前的一切时，他竟然流着激动的泪花，捋着白花花的胡须，无限感慨地说：“毛主席，共产党，真是英明伟大啊，这么大这么长的一座桥【渡漕】，看着看着成了样子了，会修得成了！” 老阿公说得不错，成样子了。 此时，一个个槽墩拔地而起，挺立于涟水之中； 一组组跨河拱梁横亘于涟水之上，宛若长虹； 一榀榀A形排架立起来了，标志着渡槽升高工程的开始。 很快，在技术人员和民工们的努力下，洙津渡渡槽升高工程的第一节槽身就要开始吊装了！ 但是，往拱梁上安装渡槽的事却给人们出了难题。 工地只有30吨的吊车，而每节槽身却有120多吨重。what to do? 在这个关键时刻，华国锋带着指挥部的同志又来到了现场。看完现场，他又马上去找工人和技术人员开座谈会，听取专家们的意见。 “到外地去租。” “买一台大吊车。” “我看，去租和买还不如自己试制吊车。” ... 华国锋认真听完技术人员发完言后，说：“我看刚才这位专家说得好，去租和买还不如自己试制吊车，这个意见很好嘛，符合总路线精神，再说，我们应该自力更生！” 与会技术人员一听，都互相看了看，然后点着头。 于是，他们成立了工人、技术员、领导“三结合”小组自制吊车。这个过程是艰辛而备受煎熬的。 他们首先用木板、铁皮做了个吊装模型。通过吊装模型试验，他们一次一次改进，一次一次完善，一次一次熟练。在这个过程中，他们不仅练了兵，而且发现和解决了不少问题。试验由室内搬到室外，由室外搬到工地；由小模型试验扩大到大小和125吨槽身相同的木框试吊练兵。在再也想不出更加接近真实吊装过程的试吊办法时，他们只得将第一跨槽身的吊装变为试吊，试吊前对每根钢丝绳、每个滑轮、每个接头以及电气传动部分都进行了严肃认真、一丝不苟的检查。 就这样，经过上百次试验，他们终于只用两台5吨的卷扬机加“龙门扒杆”这样的土办法，去吊125多吨重的庞然大物。 这是韶山灌区建设史上最令人难忘的一天！ 时针指向1965年10月16日下午3时。 这天，华国锋带着指挥部的同志也来了。 一时间，在洙津渡的涟水河上，渡槽工地人山人海，巨大的拱梁已经雄跨在湍急阔的河面上空。 洙津渡渡槽升高工程是韶山灌区主体工程，而今天这场吊装并非寻常的战斗，它是决定洙津渡槽能不能拿得下来的关键。 当时，工地上只有30多吨的吊车、两台5吨拉力的卷扬机，和一副自己设计、自己制造的“龙门扒杆”。这样简单的设备，却要吊装120多吨水泥预制件。能不能吊上去？大家心里都没有十足的把握。对于施工队来说，吊这样庞大的家伙，他们也还是头一回碰到。 在商讨过程中，尽管通过群众的献计献策，找到了新的施工方法，但是吊装中，也还可能遇到一些问题： 要是钢丝绳跳出了走线滑轮，被卡住时怎么办？ 要是吊装中突然停电怎么办？ 要是扒杆在空中变幅时被其他建筑物挡住了怎么办？ ... 还有许多难以预料的复杂情况，万一不慎，就会前功尽弃。 大家的心都像绷紧的弓弦，紧张得很。 马上就要开吊了。华国锋向指挥吊装的老师傅微笑着点了点头，示意起吊。 老师傅立即挥动指挥旗，发出了正式起吊的信号。此时，前后左右的绞车、卷扬机，以及各个岗位把关的人员，立刻行动起来，形成了一个战斗的整体。 此时，大家伙都全神贯注地望着老师傅手里的旗语信号。 "Toot, toot!" "Toot, toot!" 随着几声哨响，那块125吨、相当于两节载满货物的火车车厢重的槽身，慢慢地离开了地面，徐徐升起…… 人们的心随着槽身被提到了空中。紧张的气氛笼罩着整个工地，此时不管是总指挥华国锋，还是工程技术人员，还是普通老百姓，甚至那个不谙世事的小孩，他们都屏声息气。似乎，连滔滔涟水也停止了流淌。人们的目光一齐盯着这慢慢上升的庞然大物。 空气似乎凝固，时间被很小很小地分割，仿佛过了很长一段时间，但槽身还只上升到一米的高处。 就在这时，华国锋的手举了起来，但是举得很慢很慢，更像是托着这125吨槽身似的，一厘米一厘米地举起来，刚刚举过头顶，忽然用力一挥，向指挥吊装的老师傅发出了命令。 老师傅立即发出了停吊信号，卷扬机手迅速地关掉了电源开关，卷扬机停止了转动。 "what happened?" “是啊！怎么回事？” 人们都愣住了，成千上百双眼睛同时焦急地望着那些操作人员，只见他们纷纷跳下岗位，朝着同方向跑去。 操作人员都来到了华国锋的跟前。 “请大家再检查一次。”华国锋严肃而又认真地说。 大家又立即奔回操作岗位，认真地检查了一番。 “没问题了吧？”华国锋问老师傅。 “没问题了。”老师傅肯定地回答。 华国锋问：“可以起吊吧？” “可以！”老师傅斩钉截铁地回答。 “好！”华国锋高兴而又满意地点了点头说。 "Toot, toot!" "Toot, toot!" 很快，老师傅的哨音又在空中响起来了。经过各种试验和多次荷重检查后，一切正常。125吨重的槽身终于稳稳当当地上升了。 一米，五米，十米，二十米…… 看着这块巨大的槽身，正在按照人们的意志，徐徐向空中移动，离地面越来越高，人们的心情越来越轻松了。 “成功啦！成功啦！” 终于，这节125吨重的巨大槽身顺利地吊到了半空中，通过转向，平稳而又安全地定位了。 此时，离开始吊装已经过去3小时又10分钟了。 125吨槽身吊装的成功，为洙津渡槽抢在洪水季节到来之前建成赢得了时间；为韶山灌区渠道在十个月内建成通水作出了巨大贡献；为湖南省水利建设上渡槽的施工和吊装取得了宝贵的经验。 此情此景之下，一位老大爷无限深情地说：“渡槽就要架起来了，这真是我做梦也没想到的啊！” 是啊，长达534米的洙津渡槽耸立起来了，它宛若一道长虹，凌空飞驾涟水两岸。渡槽下，涟河流水浪滔滔，来往船只快如梭；渡槽上，滔滔奔流的也是涟河水，片片白帆如在云中游，构成了一幅“涟上飞涟”的奇景。 只有这雄伟的洙津渡渡槽，才真正称得上“工大竣速”的“楚南大观”！ 故事四： 说到当年修建韶山灌区工程有名的难工险段，猫形山是排在前面的。在湘乡县境内，有五座连绵起伏、气势磅礴的大石山，这就是猫形山。 猫形山到底有多险峻？我们可以从当地流传的一首民谣中窥见一斑：“猫形山，猫形山，峭崖陡壁十丈高；老虎头，乌龟背，满山乱石像尖刀。”当地村民告诉我们说，剥去猫形山上一层皮，下面全是红砂岩，羊角锄头挖不进，打炮眼也嵌钢钎。 就是在这样的地质条件下，1965年7月中旬，修建韶山灌区的战鼓刚刚擂响后，由湘乡杉山160名民工组成的民兵连就开到了猫形山，参加修建北干渠的战斗。 这是一块硬骨头！但不管多硬都得啃啊。 北干渠要从山腰间通过，不但得从山顶往山腰凿下去17米，而且要从220米远、32米高的山顶上取土下来，把五座石山间的四条大沟，填高24米。但这段工程共有土石21万多立方米，全是坚硬的红砂岩石，钢钎打进去，拔都拔不出来。而这个民兵连当时只有一个石匠。加之当时正是炎热的夏天，山顶上光秃秃的，火辣辣的太阳一晒，人就像站在炭炉上一样。 由于工程艰巨，条件不好，有的人对上级要求在三个月内征服猫形山缺乏信心。还有人认为，杉山是淹没区，修渠道受不到益，啃这样的硬骨头，不合算。甚至有个别人劲头不足，上了猫形山，遇到困难，搞不了几下，就退了下来。 对于猫形山险难，曾是湘乡杉山民兵连成员的谭史文老人40年后是这样描述的：第一天，民工们开始往山上爬，但刚到半山腰，有民工就打起了退堂鼓。山高路陡，爬不上，站不稳，工作不到半天，六月的太阳就晒得无遮无掩的民工们面红耳赤，口干舌燥。凿石放炮，响声就像放闷屁，掀不开几块石头。这样干了十几天，上山的民工们就不得不撤下山来。可是，猫形山再难攻，也得咬住不松口，否则工程就得因此改道。此后，杉山的160位民工边干边摸索，先后攻克了打炮眼、填放炸药、搬运山石等一系列难题，经过三个多月的努力，猫形山终于被成功劈开。而像这样的实例，在当时的修筑工地是天天都在发生。 难怪著名作家周立波当年来到工地在亲身体验过这种艰难后，在他的《韶山灌区两日记》中这样记述道：“干渠全长174公里，绝大部分是十万民工用镐头、锄头和两凿锄挖出来的，有多少人的双手磨起了血泡，多少小伙子的肩膀挑肿了，片片黄土地上不知洒了这些青年人的多少汗珠子。他们不是为了钞票、为了报酬而来的。他们抱定了雄心，要在两个主席的家乡迅速地改变自然的面貌。” 正当工地上群众思想斗争激烈之时，华国锋来到了猫形山。 那是一个炎热的中午。华国锋头戴草帽，脚穿凉鞋，从石江长渡徒步来到了猫形山工地。 当时负责指挥这一段的是湘乡县指挥部猫形山工地的负责人是周干元。 “这是猫形山工地的具体负责人周干元同志。”湘乡县指挥部的同志向华国锋介绍说。 华国锋握着周干元的手问道：“来了多少人？” “160个。” “干劲足不足？” “热情很高。” “有没有思想波动的情况？”华国锋很严肃地问到了这个敏感问题。 周干元想了想说：“在困难面前，绝大部分人干劲是足的，但也有个别人信心不足，产生了畏难情绪，前两次上山有少数人退下来了。” “白求恩是加拿大人，不远万里来到中国。你们到这里有多远？……”华国锋问道。 “八十华里。”周干元回答。 这时，华国锋轻轻地拍着周干元的肩膀，说：“才八十华里！大家要向白求恩学习，向老愚公学习。” 周干元点着头。 “你们干部要带头学习毛主席著作，你带头蹲个点，好不好？”华国锋说。 周干元本以