Chapter 25 Chapter 24 Natural moat and thoroughfare——Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge

As a natural danger, the Yangtze River once entrusted the dreams of many people.At that time, Chiang Kai-shek wanted to use the Yangtze River as the boundary with the Communist Party and rule by the river.He even believed that the Communist Party could not defeat the Yangtze River.This is of course wishful thinking. There is no wider and more turbulent river than this one, which just passes through the center of a city, like a ruthless sharp sword, splitting the city in half, right?In the world, the pattern of Wuhan is probably unique. Wuhan originally only had Wuchang and Hanyang, but one day more than 400 years ago, the Han River was diverted, and a city called Hankou stood at the end of the river.These three cities are all so important, and each has its own responsibilities.One is an important town of politics, culture, and technology, one is an important town of commerce, and the other is an important town of industry and tourism.The three pillars stand at the same time, because of the barrier of the rolling Yangtze River, each of the three towns has a different accent, different lifestyles, chickens and dogs do not know each other, old and dead do not communicate with each other, they are three cities with completely different styles.The Yangtze River is a natural danger, and the natural danger has become a natural moat.As a result, Hankou people look down on Wuchang people, Wuchang people also look down on Hankou people, and Hankou and Wuchang people look down on Hanyang people even more.When people are far away, the heart must be far away.The so-called thoroughfare of nine provinces is just a beautiful compliment, and the thoroughfare is not open.As a result, the Ping-Han Railway and the Guangdong-Han Railway came into existence later, and because of the turbulent Yangtze River, the train came to the riverside and stopped abruptly, looking at the river and sighing.Later, there were train ferries.At the beginning, two wooden boats were used as ferries, and double tracks were laid to transport the trains across the river.However, the water level at the wharf is unpredictable, and the wooden boat transporting the train cannot be carried out every day. It usually takes three days to fish and two days to dry the net.The so-called Beijing-Guangzhou railway has serious ruptures and intestinal obstruction here, and it takes one and a half hours to transport a train to the opposite bank, and the annual ferry cost reaches 20 million yuan.This is not called a train, it is simply a broken cart pulled by an old cow.It's all the fault of the Yangtze River!

I used to live next to the disused railway, the Yue-Han Railway, which crossed the river, and I wrote a novella called "The Yue-Han Railway".The rusty railway covered with decaying grass and the setting sun ended its mission on October 15, 1957.Since then, the Ping-Han Railway and the Guangdong-Han Railway have been officially connected, and the Beijing-Guangzhou Line has also been formed. Chairman Mao Zedong said that "one bridge flies across the north and south, and the natural moat turns into a thoroughfare". . I still want to talk about the memory that the Yangtze River Bridge gave me.The Yangtze River Bridge used to be the dreamland of our children who lived by the Yangtze River.I only saw the Yangtze River Bridge when I was 22 years old.At that time, I only heard that in our downstream, Wuhan, our provincial capital, there was a Yangtze River Bridge spanning the Yangtze River and erected on Guishe Ershan.A teenager's heart is full of curiosity and imagination.How did you drive such a heavy pier into such a deep river, and how did you put such a huge steel girder on it?Is there such a giant?Just stand in the water, hold the sky above your head, and put the steel beam on it like a wooden stick?I can only guess so.At that time, we had no newspapers or books, and we didn't know the scene of the construction. We could only see the appearance of the bridge after it was completed.The Yangtze River Bridge on the Renminbi [Two Jiao], the Yangtze River Bridge on Hubei food stamps, the Yangtze River Bridge on the sewing machine [because my parents are tailors], the Yangtze River Bridge on the hot water bottle, the Yangtze River Bridge on the cigarette box, the Yangtze River Bridge on the matchbox , the Yangtze River Bridge on the inkwell... and later the Yangtze River Bridge on the vernacular.For example, the Yangtze River Bridge is vividly sung by people who have been to Wuhan, and the Yangtze River Bridge is sung by educated youths in Wuhan.

Among the educated youths I know in Wuhan, there is one called "Hanqiao".According to statistics from the police station of Hanyang Jianqiao New Village [this is a new village that appeared after the bridge was built, and most of them are descendants of Jianqiao workers], there are 15 people named "Hanqiao" and 25 named "Jianqiao" in that jurisdiction.These two names often appear in the characters written by Wuhan writers.It is a symbol of the city of Wuhan, and it also indicates that these people must have been born in 1955, 1956 or 1957.The bridge sung by the educated youths is a song of missing their hometown: "The majestic bridge spans Guishen Mountain, and tears flow when I think of my hometown..."

There is a joke about the Yangtze River Bridge. It is said that two brothers from the countryside went to the city to see the Yangtze River Bridge. I’m afraid to say, this big bridge costs 200 yuan? It’s not worth 500 yuan to repair it!” The younger brother was shocked when he saw the train passing under the bridge with its whistle, and said, “Brother, brother, what a big cow! , it can roar so loudly while lying down, if it stands up, wouldn’t the sound scare people to death?" At the age of 22, when I saw the Yangtze River Bridge, I might have the same thoughts as the peasant brothers.It was really like a giant steel dragon straddling the Yangtze River, with cars running on the bridge and trains running under the bridge, which had nothing to do with each other.The Guishe Mountain has become a natural bridgehead. Could it be that these two mountains are a gift from God to Wuhan?At the beginning of its birth, it was to wait for today and let Wuhan people come to build bridges?

I took a picture of myself by the riverside under the Wuchang Bridge. After I sent this picture home, my colleagues and family were very envious.At that time, the Yellow Crane Tower had not yet been rebuilt, and the Yangtze River Bridge was Wuhan's first business card and synonymous with Wuhan.Because of excessive excitement, I drank tea at the Banpo Tea Pavilion at the head of the bridge in Wuchang. I forgot to take a vest that I paid 4 yuan for a colleague. I have to say that the loss was huge... Over the past 20 years, I have been a resident of Wuhan, and I have passed this bridge countless times, and Wuhan has also magically built 6 more bridges on the Yangtze River, and the construction of the other two is about to start.Building a bridge over the Yangtze River is like fun.In Hubei province alone, there are more than 20 Yangtze River Bridges under construction or already under construction.The start or completion of a new bridge in Wuhan was hardly reported by the news media, and it was almost quietly carried out, and a bridge would be opened to traffic all of a sudden.The construction of the bridge, the technological invention that was much more important than that, the longer bridge, the more spectacular shape, and the more unimaginable problems were not mentioned in the newspapers.The construction of a bridge is the construction of a bridge. It has no political connotation and does not bear the weight of a nation's dream. Building a bridge is no different from building a building. It is a purely commercial activity, not worthy of publicity and boasting.The era, the era has undergone profound and earth-shaking changes.

However, despite the Second Bridge, Third Bridge, Fourth Bridge, Fifth Bridge, Sixth Bridge...what do you think, our first Yangtze River Bridge, as it is commonly called, is the most beautiful, the most eye-catching, and the most eye-catching.Its majesty, its thickness, its elegance, its nobility, and its quiet temperament are incomparable to any bridge. Its perfect combination of national style and a little bit of Russian style makes people never get tired of it.It is a sleeping beauty of iron and steel with classical beauty, lying on the big river, whether it is in the misty and rainy days or in the sunny moments, it always impresses and intoxicates us with the double visual impact of majesty and softness.Especially after the thunderstorm, the blue waves are faint, and the bridge lying on the Yangtze River has become the most proud shadow in Wuhan's history, showing the courage and character of Wuhan, the charm and style of Jiangcheng.

According to Guo Moruo's textual research, Qu Yuan's "Zunjiang Xiayi Exile" in the past, the big tomb that "climbed the big tomb and looked at it from a distance" is the current Guishan Mountain, also known as Dabie Mountain. Guo's textual research may not be unreasonable.At the very top of Guishan Mountain, there is an original earthen platform, which is said to be Qu Yuan's Observatory.In this song "Sorrowful Ying", Qu Yuan wrote that after he climbed to the top of Guishan Mountain, "When Lingyang is here, how can Miao Nandu be like?... But the road to Ying is far away, and the river and summer are inseparable. involved".The poet lamented: Facing Hong Bo and not knowing where to go, where is the vast river crossing south? ... The road to Yingdu is so far away, the Yangtze River and Xiashui cut off the way home.

The river is vast, the torrents are overwhelming, and I am crossing the south of the Yangtze River. It is a pity that the Yangtze River and the Han River have blocked my way back forever.Isn't Qu Yuan's lament like the sorrow of the people in the three towns of Wuhan before 1957 AD?The Han River blocks Hankou and Hanyang, and the Yangtze River blocks Wuchang and Hankou and Hanyang. The river and Xia cannot be involved. When will this rolling river become smooth? The turtle and snake lock the river, this is also a great spectacle on the Yangtze River.Two mountains, one "like a giant turtle floating on the water"; the other "winding like a crouching snake".It is said that the Tortoise and Snake Mountains were transformed by two generals under Dayu.When Dayu was controlling the water, he ordered the second general to do his best to subdue the flood in the Yangtze River, but because the water monster was too powerful, he still made waves from time to time, causing the people on both sides of the strait to suffer.In order to defeat this terrible water monster, the two generals had to sacrifice themselves, turning their bodies into two mountains of turtles and snakes, and suppressed the water monster under the mountain forever.The part of the top of Guishan protruding out of the river is called "Yugongji", and there is a Yuwang Temple [also known as Yuji Palace] built on it to commemorate the achievements of Dayu and his subordinates in water control here.

This is just a touching legend. However, the two mountains of Guishe and Snake lock the river flow, limit the range of the sandbar's ups and downs, and enable Wuhan to have a long-term unchanged deep-water port, which is a masterpiece of nature.Who would have known that after hundreds of millions of years, these two mountains have become the best natural foundation and north-south bridgehead of a bridge, but thanks to the gift of heaven. Guishan Mountain, 91.2 meters above sea level, is not majestic and tall. There are many legends about it, and each name has a different legend, such as Dabie Mountain, Yiji Mountain, and Lushan Mountain.The name Dabie Mountain is also related to Dayu who controlled the water.Legend has it that Dayu went down the Yangtze River from the south of the Yellow River, and came to Guishan Mountain beside the Yangtze River. He saw the river rushing forward, the spring water was green, and the grass in the south of the Yangtze River was full of purples and reds. middle.Dayu saw that the climate and scenery in the south of the Yangtze River and the north were so unusual, and he said with emotion: "One mountain separates two scenery, it's really a big difference." Later, people called the place where Dayu said this sentence Dabie Mountain. "Ming Guang Tong Zhi" said: "Dabie is also the place where Yu Yu led the water to rest." There is another saying: Dabie is the place where Dayu controlled the water and distinguished the river water from the Han River.Because the Yangtze River is muddy yellow, and the Han River is clear, the dividing line where the Han River enters the river is particularly obvious.People in the world only know that there are many poems written by predecessors because of the Yellow Crane Tower on Snake Mountain, but they don't know how many poems chanting Guishan Mountain.One of them I thought was very good.Ming Mengtan's "Dabie Mountain" poem says:

"The famous mountain Zhongxiu opened from the sky, and it circled around the sky. The Han River came out from the west, and the river flowed eastward to the sound of the waves. Although Guishan is small, the poem describes its geographical location extremely prominently.In the Ming Dynasty, another man named Xing Fang also wrote the sentence "Dabie is magnificent, majestic between Jianghan and Han... This mountain has long been full of spirit, domineering and powerful".Little Guishan is 500 mu, but there is Qingchuan Pavilion - it is also a thousand-year-old building, Yuwang Temple, Yuqing Palace, Yuwang Palace, Yueshu Pavilion, Guixiang Palace, Fuyun Tower, Nanyue Palace, Three Palaces, Nine Palaces, There are no less than 30 or 40 places of interest such as Longxiang Temple, Taohua Lady Temple, Luohan Temple, Taiping Xingguo Temple, Guiyue Pavilion, Cupi Pavilion, Guanwang Temple, etc.

Snake Mountain is also called Huanghu Mountain.Guishan has Yugongji, and Snake Mountain has Huanghuji.Huanghu Mountain is also known as Huanghe Mountain, and later Yellow Crane Tower got its name.The altitude of Snake Mountain is 85.12 meters.It is said that Li Bai did not dare to write poems on the Yellow Crane Tower because Cui Hao's poems were on it. In fact, Li Bai wrote many poems here, such as: "Looking at the Yellow Crane Mountain in the east, the male and female are half-empty. There are white clouds on all sides, and the middle peak leans Red sun." Snake Mountain is about 3,500 meters long.It is famous all over the world because of the Yellow Crane Tower.The Yellow Crane Tower is known as "the first building in the world". It once stood tall on Huanghuji.The so-called "turtle and snake lock the river" actually refers to the confrontation between Yu Gongji and Huang Huji across the river to control the Yangtze River and become a dangerous pass on the Yangtze River.In the middle of the Tuwu River in Yugongji, dangerous rocks stand on the wall; Huanghuji is the head of Snake Mountain, leaping forward to overlook the river, with cliffs and depressions, standing steeply at the mouth of the river.Legend has it that a fairy son rested here on a yellow crane, and then flew away lightly, leaving future generations fascinated. Moreover, Snake Mountain rests on the big river with its head resting on the east city, and it has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times.Soochow of the Three Kingdoms built a city here.In the first uprising of the Revolution of 1911, after the rebel army broke through the Zhonghe Gate, Snake Mountain was the first to occupy it.Yu Shantou bombarded the Governor's Office of Huguang, which opened the way for the success of Shouyi.There are countless temples, palaces, pavilions, famous springs and beautiful stones, and fairy trails on Snake Mountain.The poems sung by him are as vast as the mist in the river.The tomb of Chen Youliang, the leader of the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and almost defeated Zhu Yuanzhang, is on this mountain.Now Baiyun Pavilion, Changchun Temple and Baotong Temple are the most famous. In the past, on Guishan Mountain, there was a stone tablet several feet high inscribed with the sentence "Northern Xuanwu has the length of insects, and the tortoise and snake call it Xuanwu" written by Cai Yong, a great writer of the Han Dynasty.It is said that in the 11th year of Yongle, Wudang Mountain was overhauled to enshrine the Xuanwu Tortoise and Snake. In order to cater to the Emperor Yongle who highly respected Xuanwu, Wang Jian, the governor of Hubei, changed the Dabie Mountain and Huanghu Mountain to the Two Tortoise and Snake Mountains, implying the two generals of the Xuanwu Tortoise and Snake.Snake Mountain winds and undulates, very much like a giant python, while Guishan Mountain is complete, with tortoise shell, tortoise belly, and tortoise claws just like its shape, so it is quickly accepted by people. But at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Chongzhen was afraid that his country would not be safe, so he was superstitious about Feng Shui, and he cut off the so-called "dragon veins" all over the country, in case another true emperor appeared to replace his throne.The "turtle and snake sanitation" in Huguang is famous, so he couldn't sleep, so he sent people to dig the snake mountain into a drum tower hole, that is, hollowed out the heart of the "snake" and let it die; The body of the turtle was also cut off, and the result of the "beheading operation" was to form an "iron gate" there. But even so, the two mountains of Guishe are still majestic by the river, waiting for the day to become the birthplace and participant of a major event in the land of China... In the spring of 1927, at the end of April, Snake Mountain had already shown the excitement and color of spring, the vegetation was verdant, and everything was revived. Mao Zedong, who lived with Yang Kaihui and his two children at No. 41 Dufudi, Wuchang, was at odds with Chen Duxiu's right opportunism and was given "leisure" at home, so he went to Snake Mountain alone while the spring was bright and the weather was warm.On the Yellow Crane Tower [it should be called Aolue Tower at the time], leaning on the railing to look into the distance.At this time, the sky was dark and it started to rain, misty and rainy above the river.Mao Zedong, who was already in a melancholy mood, became emotional when he saw the scene, and wrote "Bodhisattva Man·Yellow Crane Tower" in his depression: The vast nine factions flow in China, penetrating north and south in one line.Misty rain is vast, and turtles and snakes lock the river.Where does Huang He go?There are tourists left.Splash the wine, and your heart will rise like a wave! In the cold wind blowing from the river, it is not known whether Mao Zedong really brought wine to sacrifice to the river.I think this is just an expression of the poet.The poem’s note points out his intention for writing this poem: “In 1927, on the eve of the failure of the Great Revolution, I felt desolate and didn’t know what to do for a while. This was such a spring. In summer, on August 7, the party’s emergency meeting decided Armed counterattack and found a way out.” The fact is: On April 12 of this year, Chiang Kai-shek launched the tragic "April 12" massacre, which is the background of this poem.At the August 7th meeting, Chen Duxiu was dismissed from his post as secretary.The tortoise and snake in Mao Zedong's famous sentence here, "The tortoise and snake lock the river", probably refers to the Kuomintang reactionaries, or there is also dissatisfaction with Chen Duxiu. But 29 years later, Mao Zedong came to Wuhan again, and wrote "Turtle and Snake Quiet" in his new poem. This "quiet" has the meaning of restraint.At that time, there was no misty rain, and if you don't climb high and look far, you can swim and play in the rolling river, and you can "extremely clear the sky". You can imagine the joy of the mood.The background of the writing of this song titled "Shui Tuo Ge Tou·Swimming" is: the first Wanli Yangtze River Bridge has started construction, steel roars, and countless scaffolding has appeared on the river.The No. 1 bridge pier has been exposed to the water, the No. 2 bridge pier has been caged and positioned, and the other piers have been sunk and fenced, or inserted steel sheet piles, or drilled rocks, sucked mud and spit out water.Hanyang Bank began to erect steel beams.It can be said that the construction site is in full swing. The full text of this word is as follows: He drank Changsha water and ate Wuchang fish.Thousands of miles across the Yangtze River, Chu Tianshu is as far as the eye can see.Regardless of the wind and waves, it is better than strolling in the courtyard, and today I have a spare time.Zi Zaichuan said: "The dead are like husbands!"The wind and mast move, the tortoise and snake are still, and a grand plan is created.A bridge flies from north to south, and the natural moat becomes a thoroughfare.The stone walls of the Xijiang River were erected more, the clouds and rain in Wushan were cut off, and the high gorge came out of Pinghu.The goddess should be safe, but the world should be shocked. Mao Zedong was in a very good mood, because the Chinese revolution had won and he was in power.Swimming in the wind and waves is like strolling in the garden, how chic and heroic, how calm and relaxed!And the grand plan of conquering the natural moat of the Yangtze River is being realized in his hands, within reach!This is also a major event that Sun Yat-sen wanted to do but failed to do.In Sun's "Founding Strategy", there is the idea of ​​building a bridge over the Yangtze River in Wuhan.The status of Wuhan is too important. She is the center of the north and south of China, and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from the east to the west. She is in the middle of the golden cross of China.It can be seen on the map of China that the distance from Wuhan to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chongqing is all about 1,200 kilometers! After liberation, Mao Zedong spent a lot of time in Wuhan except for his time in Beijing.Judging from his travels, he doesn't like Beijing, but Wuhan.If he misses his hometown, he can live in Changsha, not far from Wuhan.However, he wanted to stay in Wuhan.There are many reasons, such as the mountains and rivers of Wuhan, especially the East Lake and the Yangtze River, but I think it is all because of Wuhan's special geographical location in China.Mao Zedong is here, right in the center of China. He can see all directions with his eyes, listen to all directions with his ears, and grasp the pulse of the whole of China.The construction of the Yangtze River Bridge is to open up the most important aorta in China. In fact, before Sun Yat-sen specifically proposed the idea of ​​building the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge in 1919, some people had such an idea.Zhan Tianyou, Miller [German], Wardell [American], Luo Ying, Li Wenji, Mao Yisheng, etc. have put forward detailed plans for this bridge.China's long-term wars, the inability to achieve technology and the decline of national strength, this kind of dream can only be on paper.For example, the Beiyang warlord government had the ambition to build the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. In 1913, George Miller, a German professor at Peking University, led his graduates from the Department of Bridges to do the first measurement work with the support of Zhan Tianyou, the superintendent of the Sichuan-Han Railway at that time. In 1930, the national government conducted a second measurement based on the suggestion of the American Wardell, and drilled 10 holes in a decent manner, so that some people thought that the bridge was really about to start construction. In 1937, the Qiantang River Bridge Works carried out survey drilling work. In 1946, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Public Works Department of the Beijing-Hanzhou Railway Bureau conducted the fourth measurement, and made demonstrations and preparations.But they all gave up because of the turbulent situation, hoping for plum blossoms to quench their thirst, but in the end it was in vain.The river flows like this, the dead like this. In 1949, Wuhan ushered in liberation.The construction of New China urgently needed the circulation of materials, so the train and ferry were resumed.A barge was used as a ferry with rails laid on it, and it was named "Hankouhao".The vehicle goes down the river and goes ashore, and is pulled by a winch.It takes at least an hour and a half for a train to cross the river.At that time, Teng Daiyuan, Minister of Railways of the Chinese Revolutionary Military Commission, and Lu Zhengcao, Deputy Minister, deeply felt that the Yangtze River in Wuhan was the bottleneck of the north-south transportation trunk line, and instructed bridge experts to submit a report as soon as possible. On March 20, Mei Yangchun, a bridge expert, presented a report on the "Wuhan Bridge Plan Draft". At the beginning of the following year, the Central People's Government instructed the Ministry of Railways to start preparations for the construction of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge.New China is waiting to be rebuilt, and a major display of the Communists to the world is to conquer the Yangtze River and build a bridge. In May 1950, Mei Yangchun, the leader of the "Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge Survey Drilling Team", presided over a symposium on the Wuhan Bridge Survey Drilling Project, which was attended by well-known figures from the traffic and academic circles in the central and southern regions.It was at this meeting that the experts agreed that, through drilling, the Guishan-Snakeshan line was the most suitable site for the bridge.Although there is a fault zone between the two mountains, the rock formations at the bottom of the river have been bent and crushed, and some of them have poor foundations, but they are always closer to the river surface than the rock formations in other places; the river surface between the two mountains is also relatively narrow. Narrow, less than half of the downstream; the hillside can be used as a natural abutment and approach bridge. For this conclusion, drilling has been carried out for two years and nine months, and 4 comparison lines have been announced, but all of them have been rejected. This opinion was reported to the then Financial and Economic Committee of the Government Administration Council for approval in June of that year. In July, Wuhan Mayor Wu Defeng called 83 representatives from all walks of life to solicit opinions.Most people are in favor of choosing the turtle-snake line, but some people are against it, thinking that this line will destroy the historic site of the Yellow Crane Tower on Snake Mountain, and it is better to take the line from Guishan to Fenghuang Mountain in Wuchang.In the end the minority obeys the majority.Most people believe that the so-called Yellow Crane Tower is no longer an ancient building, but an Aolue Tower built in the late Qing Dynasty, and it is not grand and looks petty.It is better to take advantage of the opportunity of bridge construction and choose another site beside the bridge to rebuild a larger-scale Yellow Crane Tower and restore the old name.This idea is very promising.Only after the old building was demolished and 29 years after it was opened to traffic, in 1985, was the new Yellow Crane Tower built. In the following three years, the Ministry of Railways successively invited professors, experts and representatives of various relevant departments and Soviet experts to hold the "Wuhan Bridge Conference" to discuss the site selection, structure, materials, load class, pier and frame of the bridge. The beam construction method, geological survey, architectural art, clearance under the bridge and many other issues were repeatedly demonstrated, and the design was carried out while demonstrating. In the middle of the night of February 16, 1953, the third day of the Lunar New Year, Mao Zedong took his special train and returned to Wuhan, where he had been away for 25 years.The next day he invited several leaders of the Central South Bureau, the Hubei Provincial Party Committee, and the Wuhan Municipal Party Committee to dinner. During the meeting, he talked about the survey of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge.This is the most important large-scale project in the first five-year plan of New China.That night, Hubei leaders and experts reported to him the results of the bridge exploration and demonstration, a total of 8 bridge site plans [and a few more were added later], Mao Zedong did not express his position at that time. On the 18th, the overnight snowstorm suddenly stopped, and the rare sun appeared in Jiangcheng again.Mao Zedong climbed the Snake Mountain and arrived at the Yellow Crane Tower. He wanted to survey the site of the Guisnake Bridge.In fact, he is too familiar with this place.The two mountains of Guishe and Snake show their unique heroic appearance on both sides of the river after the first snowfall, as if they are two thick shoulders, implying to Mao Zedong, come on, put this bridge on our shoulders... These are two iron shoulders! After getting off the Yellow Crane Tower, he made a final decision: it's number eight! No. 8 refers to plan No. 8, and Guishe Ershan won. According to geological survey, the two mountains, which were connected together hundreds of millions of years ago, will be connected again now, which will be in the middle of the 20th century. Immediately afterwards, Premier Zhou Enlai of the Government Affairs Council approved the establishment of the Wuhan Bridge Engineering Bureau by the Ministry of Railways. The party secretary was concurrently held by Wang Renzhong, then secretary of the Wuhan Municipal Party Committee, and Peng Min, then deputy commander of the Railway Corps, served as the director of the bureau. In July, Peng Min led a 9-member team to Moscow and asked Soviet experts to help with the technical appraisal of the preliminary design.The Soviet Union sent 25 experts, and it took three months to put forward appraisal conclusions and opinions. There are many rumors about the contribution of the Soviets to the bridge, and even think that the appearance of the bridge is Russian, but there are many misunderstandings.But the contribution of Soviet expert Konstantin Sergeyevich Sirin to this bridge is obvious to all and has been engraved on the monument of Snake Mountain.In 1954, the year before the start of construction, the Soviet Union sent a 28-member expert team to Han. On September 1, 1955, the construction of the first Wanli Yangtze River Bridge, which attracted worldwide attention, kicked off a spectacular curtain.But the dignity and wisdom of the Chinese are important. The bridge was completed by the Chinese from design to construction, and most of the materials were made by the Chinese themselves. In terms of bridge body design and art design, many schemes were collected across the country. The jury composed of famous architecture, art, gardening, urban planning, and bridge experts selected a number of first, second, and third prizes and submitted them to the Government Affairs Council. In Zhongnanhai Huairen Hall.Premier Zhou immediately took a fancy to the work of Tang Huancheng, who was only selected for the third prize. This is the current Yangtze River Bridge.This proves that Premier Zhou has a discerning eye.Tang Huancheng later said that he believed that Premier Zhou favored his design because his design fully respected the technical requirements of bridge construction, and fully considered the aesthetic principles in the transition between the main bridge and the approach bridge. The transition between the two is natural and smooth. Fluid, coordinated, and using a Chinese-style loft.The carved railings on both sides of the bridge are quite traditional and simple. The content is mostly based on folklore and fairy tales in my country, such as "peacock spreading its screen", "carp playing with lotus", "magpie making trouble with plum", "jade rabbit and golden osmanthus". Wait.Whoever reads these auspicious stories likes them. The author has passed the bridge countless times and looked at these carved iron railings countless times, never getting tired of seeing them.Just as a great work requires numerous details, these carved balustrades are its unique detail.The modern bridge looks beautiful from a distance, but there is nothing exciting when viewed up close.The bridge is like an elegant antique, with a strong historical atmosphere and cultural connotation.The bridgehead like Qionglou Yuyu allows us to enter the dream and myth, as if wandering in the promenade of history, making people linger and forget to return. And the color of the carved railings.It didn't use bright red and green, but silver gray. What's the point? On the evening of September 6, 1957, Mao Zedong, who was concerned about the construction of the Yangtze River Bridge, came to Wuhan again, and came to the bridge that had not yet opened to traffic.He was wearing a Chinese tunic suit and cloth shoes, and he got on the bridge from the bridgehead of Guishan in Hanyang. At his feet is the Yangtze River Bridge, which is about to be completed and opened to traffic, which he has been dreaming about day and night, and it is like a sharp sword piercing straight to the opposite bank.He couldn't hide the joy in his heart, walking and admiring all the way.When he was approaching the bridgehead in Wuchang, he stopped suddenly, holding on to the railing and looking into the distance, he couldn't help muttering: "The lights are brilliant, the lights are brilliant..." At the bridgehead, Mao Zedong proposed to go down to have a look.The escort told him that the electric lights had not been installed in the stairs, so he said: "That will have to wait later." Standing there, he suddenly asked the person in charge of the Bridge Bureau: "There are Soviet experts here who can repair such a bridge, if not, can they be repaired?" Mao Zedong's thinking has always been jumping. At this time, Yang Zaitian, the deputy director of the Bridge Bureau thought about it and replied: "It can be repaired." "Can it really be repaired?" Mao Zedong asked again. "It can indeed be repaired!" Yang Zaitian raised his voice affirmatively and replied with confidence. Mao Zedong smiled. This evening, he saw that the railings of the bridge were painted in various colors such as red, blue, yellow, green, etc., and asked why.The person in charge of the Bridge Bureau hurriedly explained: This is an alternative color for the railings. Let the people of Wuhan choose which color to use. Mao Zedong understood what was going on, and praised with a smile: "You are following the mass line." Everyone took the opportunity to ask Mao Zedong which color is better.Mao Zedong nodded and smiled, pointing to the blue sky and then to the river, without saying a word.Everyone immediately understood: the bridge is between the water and the sky, and the water and the sky are of the same color, harmoniously integrated.Later, the bridge railings were painted silver-gray, which has not been changed for more than 50 years and is still in use today.This color is unassuming, simple and introverted, but it is so harmonious with the Yangtze River, the sky, and the two mountains of Guishe and Snake.This is also one of the best suggestions made by Mao Zedong as a poet for the bridge. The official start of the bridge was September 1, 1955.And another supporting project "Jianghan Bridge" [Jianghan No. 1 Bridge] is also under construction in full swing.Because Jianghan Bridge is a bridge connecting Hankou and Hanyang.The three towns are connected into one, and it would not be possible without the Jianghan Bridge, and there is also the Jianghan Railway Bridge.Now there are seven or eight bridges on the Han River, the most beautiful is the Rainbow Bridge, and the Jianghan First Bridge was also widened in the 1980s.At the end of that year, the Jianghan Bridge was completed and opened to traffic, and Hankou and Hanyang were first connected, and the people of Wuhan cheered for a while.At the beginning of the following year, the main bridge of the Yangtze River Bridge started full-scale construction at both ends of Hanyang and Wuchang, advancing from both banks to the center of the river.Therefore, the construction site is divided into two stalls.Hanyang is the first bridge office, with Yang Haifeng as the director, Zhao Suizhang as the chief engineer, and Hu Ren as the deputy chief engineer.The technicians include Xiao Chuanren, Luo Qibin, Zhao Yucheng and so on.The Wuchang bank is the second bridge office, with Liu Linxiang as the director, Wang Tongxi as the chief engineer, and Yin Wanshou as the deputy chief engineer. The technicians include Wang Tuanyu, Su Yuanxian, Zhang Zongnai, etc.In fact, at the end of March 1955, the enclosure of Pier No. 1 on the Hanyang Bank was positioned, and the sinking of the pipe string began. On May 23, the enclosure of No. 2 pier was positioned.Immediately afterwards, Pier No. 8 in Wuchang sank into the prison. On December 5, pier No. 3 in Hanyang Bank was floated. On February 4, 1956, the construction of the eight piers actually under water started at the same time, and more than 12,000 construction teams and earthwork laborers participated in the construction of the bridge.Fang Qinhan, a well-known bridge expert and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering who participated in the design and construction of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, recalled that at that time, it could be said that the construction of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was carried out with the best of the best experts and the most advanced personnel in the country at that time. equipment.Under the mobilization order of "gathering outstanding talents from all over the country to build the first Yangtze River Bridge", bridge experts and technicians from all over the country gathered in Wuhan.Some of them come from the Beijing Bridge Office of the Ministry of Railways, some from the China Bridge Company of Mr. Mao Yisheng; The director of the Bridge Technical Advisory Committee is Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert. From the old construction photos I have seen, it is absolutely spectacular. For the Chinese who have just come out of the war, such a scene is really inspiring, and they are full of expectations for the new China. No wonder the people in Wuhan are screaming "" "Han Bridge" and "Jianqiao". On the shore and water construction sites under full construction, the eight piers are all cofferdams with steel sheet piles, occupying the lonely and empty river surface.Around the cofferdam, there are guide boats, support boats, water gondolas, working boats, sand and gravel boats, material boats, etc. It is conceivable that there are so many boats that the river is almost bursting.Like a floating city, this is unheard of in Wuhan.Between the pier and the pier, there is only one channel for ships to enter and exit, and from the two sides, it seems that the bridge has been connected.The symphony of construction on the construction site roared deeply, and the sound of human voices and machines was overwhelming.At night, the lights are brightly lit and extremely bright. The lights and welding arcs drag the water surface into light waves, as if the starry sky has fallen on the river, like a world in a fairy tale.Every night, in addition to the dense construction workers on both sides of the strait, there are more people watching like ants.After get off work, these ordinary people braved the cold wind to see such a scene, and they also looked forward to watching the bridge rise inch by inch, stretch inch by inch, jump out of the water, and be opened to traffic... However, the Yangtze River is deep and undulating, and the geological conditions under the Yangtze River in Wuhan are quite complicated. At that time, the country's bridge construction technology had just started, and everything was in the stage of exploration and experimentation. Building a bridge on the Yangtze River was completely a blank sheet of paper.The old methods of building foundations in the world cannot solve the problem of deep water construction. The original design of the bridge piers is based on the world's usual air pressure caisson foundation technology.This technology requires workers to work in deep water and withstand changes in air and water pressure.How deep is the water here? 40 meters.At the bottom of the 40-meter-deep river, every worker works hard and can only work for two hours a day. This requires workers with excellent physical fitness and rich underwater experience.Moreover, it was difficult to breathe, and nitrogen anesthesia was very easy to occur. Some workers fainted, and the workers suffered from a unique disease one after another: caisson disease. This is about the aforementioned Soviet expert Konstantin Sergeyevich Sirin. Xilin is a Soviet intellectual and bridge expert who is full of affection for the Chinese people. He came to China in 1948. As the People’s Liberation Army occupied the whole of China, this bridge expert followed the People’s Liberation Army from northeast to North China, from North China to the Central Plains, and from the Central Plains to the Northwest. Fight thousands of miles together, rush to repair and build bridges.As soon as New China was established, he stayed in China and became a technical consultant to the Ministry of Railways, building roads and bridges non-stop.According to the Chinese, all he did was doing good deeds and accumulating virtue. In the decades since the bridge was completed, Xilin has returned to China many times. Every time, he must go to Wuhan to see the first bridge in New China, which embodies his painstaking efforts.He has a special feeling for it.However, when he came to Wuhan in May 1993 and saw the stay cables and the steel girders with huge spans of the Second Yangtze River Bridge, he couldn’t help saying: “In the past, we were your teachers, now, you are our teachers... ..." But as a former teacher, he gave us excellent advice.After thinking, he proposed the basic technology of pipe string drilling.It is to use a large reinforced concrete pipe string to go down to the rock plate, and then use a large drilling rig to drill rock in the pipe string.After the rock drilling is completed, the steel cage is put in, the underwater concrete is filled to hold the pipe column group, the water is pumped, the pipe column head is chiseled off, the cap and pier body are poured, the cofferdam is removed, and the bridge pier is completed.This type of foundation completely avoids underwater operations, is not affected by the fluctuation of the river, and can be constructed all year round. This is a bold idea that has never been used in the world.Therefore, engineers and technicians carried out a series of experiments in Guishan on the north bank of the Yangtze River, at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain on the south bank and in the center of the river.The test was jointly operated by Chinese and Soviet engineers and all the staff. They fought hard overnight in several places, exerted great imagination and creativity, and finally succeeded in the test.这标志着一项世界桥梁史上的新技术——管柱基础钻孔法在武汉诞生了。 立即投入使用，竟异常顺利。因为这项技术，使大桥原计划的4年零1个月的工期，缩短至2年零1个月，节约了大量的人力物力和投资成本。在武昌桥头的纪念碑上，关于《管柱钻孔法试验记》中，刻有这么一段话： “……现在一座雄伟的大桥已永峙于龟蛇两山之间，南北天堑已变为通途，浩浩江水将永记着人们的功绩。一切试验的痕迹，由于工地的整理，新的建筑兴起，逐渐泯没，仅余莲花湖畔一巨型管柱尚存，滕代远部长数次敦嘱，妥为保存，经武汉铁路局加以整理，勒石为记，作为一历史性纪念物。纪念这一世界桥梁技术上的新创造，纪念群众的智慧和劳动，征服长江的雄心壮志，纪念中苏技术合作的光辉范例，纪念牢不可破的中苏人民的深厚友谊。” 困难并不仅仅只是基础。 桥墩需要钢板桩插入做基础，但32米长的钢板桩，要插入进去谈何容易！水位高的时候，比较容易插入，安装到位。当水位低的时候，钢板很难插进去。当时，正是枯水期，现场工作人员面对钢板束手无策，一筹莫展。大桥施工程序设计技术员刘曾达，看到江边上停泊着两艘驳船，他想可不可以将吊机拖到驳船上，这样便可灵活变动位置，操作就比较容易了。于是建议。工作人员立马把吊机放上驳船，然后拖着安装，果然钢板桩就能顺利安装了，问题迎刃而解。 后来架钢梁的时候，钢梁因体积重量都十分巨大，在桥墩上时常架不住，难以往上抬升。在这节骨眼上，刘曾达又想出了一个办法，即在桥墩上安一个三角架，这样就有了力的支撑点，使钢梁一点点地抬上去。真是四两拨千斤。这只不过是建设中的一点小发明，却解决过大问题。 据当时是正桥基础设计负责人的周璞介绍，施工中，就数七号墩难度最大，也就是从武昌方向数第二号桥墩。在以往的勘探过程中，其余7个桥墩都是位于结实的砂岩上，独独七号墩位于破碎的炭质岩上。炭质岩的结构特性就是像蜂窝煤一样，触之松碎解体，并从岩体里散发出一种有毒气体。于是中苏专家分析研究，对此桥墩必须用不同的技术，方案是“钢板桩围堰管桩基础”。 即便这样，在建造七号墩时，还是状况百出。钢板桩插进去一半就塌了，扭得像麻花一样。后来找到了原因：江底石面不平，坡度很陡。专家们再想办法，避开岩石的高度差，终获成功。 现在我们从外观和材质上就看到七号墩与众不同，它是薄壁的钢筋混凝土轻型格式结构，为了减轻页岩上的基础重量。其自重比其他桥墩减少了880吨。 一号桥墩浮出水面是1956年2月22日，这标志着架梁工作可以向江心推进。大桥的钢梁是山海关桥梁厂和沈阳桥梁厂共同制造的，而不是传说中从苏联运来的。山海关厂负责三分之二，沈阳厂负责三分之一。山海关厂是我国一个最老的桥梁厂，自1893年建厂就从来没见过和造过这么巨大的钢梁。但他们有雄心，早在1951年北京召开第二次武汉长江大桥会议的时候，厂方代表方璜就向国家庄严表示，一定要出色完成党和人民交给的任务。1955年5月，山海关厂正式造梁，次年3月完成第一批杆件，在工厂试拼成功，然后陆续运抵武汉。5月，汉阳正式开始架梁，钢铁睡美人的身姿慢慢显现，撩开了神秘的面纱。 架梁的方法是：从岸上引桥的铁路面上，架平衡梁，再向江中伸臂而去，慢慢延伸。为此，在龟山桥台和一号墩之间，又筑了一个临时架梁墩，桥建成后才炸掉。 桥梁一个一个地在墩与墩之间出现，桥的雏形也就初现了。而水面的作业也慢慢变少了，施工架拆除了，钢梁上可以行走和开施工车了。 此时，两岸引桥和跨线桥也同时开工。何谓跨线桥？原有的过江铁路不用了，新的铁路线要穿过的三镇城区道路，必须有一系列的桥才能解决问题。这些配套工程同样是浩大的，牵涉到许多拆迁任务。其联络线最重要的除汉水公路和铁路两座较大的桥外，共有10座跨线桥，横越武汉全市高空而过。武昌有武珞路桥、粤汉铁路跨线桥、中山路桥、武昌路桥、解放路公路桥和铁路桥，汉阳有月湖正街桥，汉口为张公堤桥和仁寿路桥、汉正街桥。 翌年的5月4日，钢梁在六号桥墩合龙。合龙，就是吊上最后一根杆件。这一天，举行了隆重的合龙仪式。由铁道部滕代远部长和湖北省委书记王任重、武汉市委书记李尔重及专家们参加。彭敏局长宣布吊装最后一根杆件，国歌在长江上响起，在吊机上的长长的鞭炮炸响。杆件放下，一桥处杨海峰处长和二桥处总工程师王同熙，一桥处总工程师赵燧章和二桥处副总工程师殷万寿，冲过施工分界线，互相紧紧拥抱在一起，场面分外喜悦和感人。 合龙后的7月和9月，国务院组成了以王世泰为首的大桥验收委员会进行了初验和复验，认为大桥稳定性高，冲击系数低，完全符合设计要求。 钢梁合龙，通车在即，清扫工地，绿化护坡，吸引了武汉数十万群众来此进行义务劳动。那时的武汉，人人争为大桥作贡献。在引桥建设期间，还出现另一壮观的场面：大人小孩搬来了自家房前屋后的好石板，捐给大桥铺路。最感人的例子是，一个叫李昌的76岁老人，来到大桥工地，要求安排他义务劳动。大桥局的同志看他年龄委实太大，就婉拒了他的好意，哪知老人不依不饶，非要留下劳动不可。三番五次，还是被拒之门外，无奈老人竟向滕代远部长写了一封“申诉告状”信。 1957年10月13日，国家建委组织的国家验收交接委员会在汉阳桥台大厅办理交接验收手续。当时已有12个国家216名记者云集武汉，在即将通车的时刻，向全国全世界发布消息。 历史将记下这一刻：1957年10月15日11时23分，第一列火车跃上了长江，拉响了汽笛，由汉阳驶向武昌。于是京广线成为了铁一般的现实。桥上，12条龙灯、10只狮子、10条彩莲船开路，浩浩荡荡的车队从汉阳向武昌进发。汉阳桥头还举行了千人音乐会。 关于这一天的庆典，1957年10月16日的《长江日报》是这样报道的： 武汉长江大桥昨天正式通车。昨天上午五万多人在武汉长江大桥举行了隆重的落成通车典礼。武汉市人民几十年来的愿望实现了。 昨天，长江大桥，被装饰得格外美丽壮观。 清晨，参加大桥落成通车典礼的人们，穿着最华丽和最漂亮的服装，手里拿着一束束的鲜花，渡过长江，跨过汉水，沿着龟山和蛇山，源源地来到武汉长江大桥桥头。长江大桥四周的龟山、凤凰山、蛇山，沿着长江的两岸，汉阳建桥新村的街道上，莲花湖畔，和武汉三镇高大的建筑物上，都聚满了人群，等待着大桥正式通车这个伟大时刻的到来。整个城市都浸沉在浓厚的节日气氛里。广播电台随时向全市人民播送武汉长江大桥通车的消息，全市二百万人的心都飞向了即将通车的武汉长江大桥。 在汉阳桥头铁路路面的落成通车典礼主席台附近，电影摄影师和摄影记者们，几天以前已经在这里选好了角度，聚光灯、长江大桥通车典礼现场广播电台的转播台和录音机，前两天已经安装好了。参加这次采访的中外记者二百余人，都在这里严阵以待。 九点半钟，落成通车典礼的前奏曲——桥头音乐会开始了。听吧！歌颂长江大桥、歌颂共产党、歌颂毛主席、歌颂建桥的人们和歌颂中苏友谊的嘹亮的歌声，响在长江的上空。 十时正，武汉长江大桥落成通车典礼筹委会主任谢滋群，宣布武汉长江大桥落成通车典礼开始。霎时间，鞭炮声、奏乐声和欢呼声，震撼着大江两岸。站在龟山和蛇山上的人们挥舞着鲜花，使龟蛇二山显得更加年轻、美丽、活泼。一架飞机出现在桥的上空、撒散传单。大型的彩色气球，带引着“庆祝武汉长江大桥落成通车”、“中苏友好合作万岁”等巨幅标语升上了长江上空。 讲话的有通车大典主持人、国务院副总理李富春和苏联运输建设部部长科热夫尼科夫等。国家建委副主任王世泰代表武汉长江大桥验收委员会简略地报告了验收的过程和结果。他说：“大桥工程设计是最完善合理的，正桥钢梁桥墩工程质量优良，引桥铁路联络线、公路联络线等工程质量良好。可以交付正式使用。” 就是在这一天，长江大桥上出现了一个惊心动魄的插曲。 下午三时，通车典礼结束，大桥对市民开放，于是早就等不及了的来自全国各地的游客和武汉市民3万多人，一起拥上大桥，桥被挤得水泄不通。 突然，大桥晃动起来！3万多人顿时慌了手脚，不知所措，惊叫的，快跑的，乱作一团。当时大桥的设计者唐寰澄也在现场，他和许多桥梁管理处维持秩序的同志要大家不要惊慌，停下脚步。据他回忆：“我的感觉是走路时左脚提起再落下时，桥面似在移动不能落到原处；右脚提起落下，则又在另一方移动。那时走路，如酒后微醺，行走不稳。为了观察晃动究竟大到什么程度，走到二联钢梁伸缩缝之处，发现伸缩缝的缝齿，有相对的移动，说明钢梁横向晃动是存在着。” 晃动的情况由当时的桥梁管理处立即通知大桥局，一批专家马上赶到现场进行检测。专家检测后作出判断，桥完全没有问题，产生晃动的原因是因为人太多，产生了共振。这样的共振现象在中外桥梁史上并不少见，特别是在人多的通车之日。最为严重的一次是18世纪英国滑铁卢铁桥在一队军队整齐的步伐中垮了。但武汉长江大桥的这次共振，破坏力几乎为零。 False alarm.专家的意见报告给了在武汉焦急等待的国务院副总理李富春，得知原因，他悬着的一颗心这才放下来。 质量问题，掺不得半点假。这座大桥，是中国共产党和新中国向全世界交的第一张建设成绩单，它承载的东西太多太多。 50多年来，无数次对大桥进行“体检”，都证明她依然坚固、年轻、结实，无灾无病。 50多个风雨春秋，长江大桥桥墩和钢梁曾先后被各种大小船舶冲撞70余次，在国内桥梁中她是最惨的，被撞次数最多的，墩身损伤严重，但并没有伤筋动骨。最为严重的一次是1990年7月28日下午，江水暴涨，江面狂风大作，武昌造船厂浮吊一号的铁锚被大风吹脱，专业术语是“走锚”，船像一匹脱缰的野马顺流而下，直扑向大桥。这个浮吊多重？ 900吨！too terrifying.海事和武警部门立即实施了紧急抢救。但面对这么一个庞然大物，毫无办法。任凭它向大桥撞去。它撞上了四、五两个桥墩，导致火车中断，公路、水路封行的重大交通事故，影响到了武汉和京广线的畅通。维修数月才恢复。即便如此，这样的撞桥依然如蚍蜉撼大树。 1983、1998年武汉分别出现高洪水位、最大流量、最快流速，共计10多次洪峰，每次12小时以上冲刷大桥，大桥纹丝不动，固若金汤。 对其静载、动载、抗震等实验测检，结果表明：全桥无变位下沉现象，桥墩仍可承受6万吨压力，仍具有抵御每秒10万立方米流量和抗每秒5米流速洪水的能力，仍可抵御8级以下地震和强力冲撞。截至今日，大桥24805吨钢梁、8个桥墩无一裂纹、无弯曲变形，铆钉无一颗松动。多位专家证实：大桥如养护得当，过百岁全无问题，而桥墩可用200年！ 我国著名桥梁专家、中国工程院院士方秦汉曾参加过武汉长江大桥的设计、建造。谈起这座大桥，他充满感情，感慨万千：“建武汉长江大桥时，工程设计人员殚精竭虑，呕心沥血，想的是赶超世界先进水平；成千上万的建设者，想的是报效国家。建成学会，学起来刻苦，干起来拼命，干什么工作都讲个认真。所以第一座大桥下来，这支队伍的素质有了很大的提高，干出前人未干过的事业，创出前所未有的奇迹。” 大桥的高质量高标准，拿时任大桥工程局的局长彭敏的话说：我们的设计是：假设有两列都是双机牵引的火车，向同一方向开到桥中央，同步紧急刹车；同一时刻，公路桥满载汽车，以最快速度行驶，也来个紧急刹车；还是这个时间，长江刮起最大风暴、武汉发生地震、江中300吨水平冲力撞到桥墩上，武汉长江大桥仍会坚如磐石，岿然不动。 关于大桥建设中超严格的要求，有两件事可以说明。 1956年5月14日，武汉长江大桥引桥017号桥台混凝土灌注完后，经测量队复测后发现，承台中线与线路中线偏离1.7米，大桥局立即决定，炸掉重建。并给予主要责任人技术员单承培记过处分；给予混凝土中队技术主管李家骏警告处分。 1956年7月，大桥架梁时的一天，七级铆工宋大振把又长又粗的铆钉往眼孔里塞，毫不用力地就将铆钉塞进了孔里，经仪器测量，眼孔和铆钉外径几乎差2毫米。宋大振迅速将这一情况报告给局里，此事震惊了整个大桥工地。桥钢梁拼接立即全部停工，专家们火速研究解决方案。最后由铆钉生产厂——山海关桥梁厂将铆钉改成锥体形状的钉头、锥体钉杆，制定出一套适合长江大桥的技术规程，由此杜绝了一项百年大患。 这座大桥的正桥为铁路、公路两用双层钢桁桥梁。上层为公路桥，下层为双线铁路桥。正桥三联九孔，由跨径各128米的连续梁组成，高60米，长1555.5米，连同两端引桥，总长1670.4米。 上层公路桥宽22.5米，车行道18米，设4车道，车行道两边的人行道各2.25米。 让人喜欢、百看不厌的除了两边栏杆的对称铁花板上吉祥的图案外，再就是那令人沉醉的桥头堡。堡高35米，具有浓郁的民族风格，堡亭【雨亭】为四方八角，上有重檐和红珠圆顶，极显悠悠古韵。堡内有电梯与扶梯供人上下，共有七层，直达公路桥上。大厅之中有建桥英雄群像大型泥塑，供游人观赏和瞻仰，共同追忆那热火朝天、激情满怀的岁月，感触建设者们当年的英雄壮举。 走过武昌的引桥，大桥纪念碑和观景台，它们同样是大桥的一部分。这座纪念碑为工程师陈铁尧设计，11.5米高的纪念碑，圆形的碑身，就是象征着大桥基础的大型管柱——管柱基础钻孔法的重要纪念。碑顶为箱形，象征着震动打桩机伫立在碑峰。纪念碑上刻着毛泽东手书：“一桥飞架南北，天堑变通途。”碑座为白色大理石。周围苍劲的雪松，更增添了一种肃穆感、庄严感和历史感。从观景台望去，八个巨型桥墩在汹涌的大江之上挺立，犹如八个神话中的擎天巨人，站立在水中，英勇地经受着江水的冲击。米字型桁架与菱格带副竖杆使巨大的钢梁透出一派清秀柔媚的气象。这个设计者一定是深谙钢铁之美的。35米高的桥台耸立在两岸，然后大桥回旋而下，从晴川阁、龟山、莲花湖、龟山电视塔、古琴台到蛇山、黄鹤楼、湖北大剧院、首义园、彭刘杨路，绵亘连接，像一组交响乐，或者一串珍珠，串起了武汉最美丽动人的景点群。龟山蛇山的历史和现实，前世和今生，终于拥抱在一起，不分彼此。这江城，这长江之上的景色，因了一座桥，而变得更加鲜活起来。 由于两江之隔，武汉三镇曾经各据一方。大桥的建成开创了武汉“三镇交通一线牵”的历史，它为武汉的城市交通奠定了基础：以长江大桥为中心，武汉形成了28公里的交通内环线，环抱三镇45平方公里的繁华城区。不少过去位于城市边缘的地方，比如武昌的武珞路，汉口的武胜路、航空路，早已相继发展成为繁荣的市中心。50多年后，这座因桥而兴的城市，已经建成7座长江大桥，包括在建的和两条地铁线，武汉将有12条过江通道。城市的新格局还将继续改写。武汉长江大桥改变的不仅仅是城市的格局，还有这个城市的文化。谁能知道，过去武汉三镇口音是完全不同的，可如今仅凭一个人的口音来判断他究竟是武昌人、汉口人还是汉阳人，已经不可能了；大桥通车之前，武汉三镇不仅在地理上处于分离状态，说话差异非常大，可谓各有千秋：汉口话里带着浓厚的黄陂腔；汉阳话的尾音向上飘；武昌话被称作“西南官话”，四平八稳是它的发音特点。大桥建成之后，三镇之间居民的流动迅速频繁起来，随着几十年来的融合和武汉城区外围的不断扩大，现在除了远城区如江夏、东西湖等地的居民口音还保留自己的特色之外，三镇居民的口音基本上已经一致。 大桥建设时和建起后，这座桥和武汉，简直成为了一个世界的圣地，新中国的样板工程，全世界来此“朝圣”的络绎不绝。在一份档案里我看到，施工期间，大桥方面就接待了外国友人3800人，其中西方国家的友人就近2000人，华侨1063人，一般参观者7万多人。来大桥参观的外国首脑有越南的胡志明、印尼的苏加诺、柬埔寨的西哈努克亲王、德国总理科尔、日本首相中曾根康弘等，计有150多位。来得最多的是胡志明，先后三次来看大桥，有一次竟从汉阳走到武昌。 那些外国人也好，华人华侨也好，来这里看的就是长江上出现的奇观，它在中国大地上诞生的奇迹和领先世界的造桥技术。可以毫不夸张地说，中国的建桥技术在进入21世纪后，就走在了世界前列。中国人不仅在自己的任何大江大河上建桥，在崇山峻岭中架桥，在大海上建桥，同时还在世界各地建桥。在武汉长江大桥建桥时成立的