Chapter 10 Chapter 09 The Return of the Soul of the Tang Dynasty——A Handbook of Chanba with an Ancient City and Two Rivers
The poet Ai Qing once said that "the north is sad".
The sorrow of the north is that there is no water in the north.The south is good, there is so much water!Almost none of the big cities in the south is short of water!Either there is a river or there is a lake.Women are yin, and water is yin.Men belong to yang, and mountains are yang.That's why people say that a man is like a mountain and a woman is like water.Water has given good fortune to women in the south of the Yangtze River, and good water nourishes women well.
And Du Fu has a poem saying, "The weather is new on March 3, and there are many beautiful people by the water in Chang'an". Xi'an is also ancient Chang'an, and it is also "there are many beautiful people by the water"!It was the water of Chang'an in Tang Dynasty that raised the beauties of Chang'an in Tang Dynasty!
The ancients always associated water with beauty.
But where is the water in Xi'an?
I am a native of Xi'an.I agree with the poet Ai Qing's words "the north is sad".The north is sad, and so is Xi'an.In my concept, in my mind, Xi'an, where I grew up, is a city without a decent river.Our "river" is the moat around the ancient city wall. The place where we "drew water" when we were young was the water in the Children's Park and Lianhu Park and the water in the stadium swimming pool. The largest water in Xi'an is our Xingqing Park Xingqing Lake, but it is not a real "lake", but a man-made lake, in our opinion, the water surface is big enough.I remember the first time I went to Beijing, I was stunned when I saw the water in the Summer Palace.Later, I saw the Taihu Lake in Wuxi, and the East Lake in Wuhan, the vast and mighty misty water surface. At this time, I felt more and more sad for us in Xi'an...
I think a city without a river is like a person without blood, even the soul will be dry.
I think the air in Xi'an is not humid and there is so much dust that often makes us all look down. It is because we don't have a river in the city, and we don't have a beautiful river that passes through the city.At this time, I am so envious of those cities with rivers and lakes that live with water, I am so envious that sometimes my eyes turn green!
But sometimes I can’t help thinking that there used to be rivers and water in Xi’an, and our Xi’an used to be "eight waters around Chang'an"-eight waters, that is, we had eight rivers!Eight rivers surround our city of Xi'an!Why is Concubine Yang so beautiful?Why are there so many beauties in our city of Chang'an?Even why Wu Zetian is so powerful and majestic, it is because Chang'an water nourishes the beauty and majesty of women!However, "Eight Waters Around Chang'an" is so far away from us!The distance is like a fairy tale in winter. When we came out of the mother's womb and opened our eyes, we never saw a decent river in Xi'an...
I thought that we, together with our growing children, would never have a dream river appear in our real life.Until one day, I learned that there was a Chan-Ba River Management Committee in Xi’an—that is, a new urban area in Xi’an—the Chan-Ba Ecological District, and that there are a group of people who are fighting for the life of our dreams...
Quietly, like inadvertently, our city has become so unbearable for people to recognize her former appearance!Different from the electronic city in the western suburbs of Xi’an, the military industry city in the eastern suburbs, and the textile city in my memory before the mid-1980s, Xi’an has several new economic development zones since the mid-1990s. It has undertaken emerging industries such as high-tech, modern logistics and equipment, and cultural tourism. This is about the changes that have taken place in Xi'an over the past ten years.In my opinion, the changes in Xi'an over the past ten years have surpassed those in the previous decades!This is of course the benefit brought to Xi'an by reform and opening up.
There are two rivers in the urban development of Xi'an, one is called Chanhe and the other is called Bahe.
In ancient Xi'an, there was a saying that "eight waters surround Chang'an".The so-called "eight waters" refer to the Jing and Wei rivers in the north of Chang'an City, the Chan and Ba rivers in the east of Chang'an City, the Feng and Lao rivers in the west of Chang'an City, and the Ho and Cu rivers in the south of Chang'an City.Among the eight waters, except the Wei River which is the mainstream, the rest are tributaries of the Wei River.Pan Yue's "Xizheng Fu" said that Xi'an "has Qingwei, Zhuojing, Lanchi and Zhouqu in the north; Xuanba, Suchan, Tangjing and Wengu in the west"... However, in the memory of Xi'an people, especially in our children's In my memory at the time, these "eight waters" seemed to have never been related to the old city of Xi'an. They were either too far away from the city, or they were almost dry, or they had been polluted and became "harmful rivers"...
But now, the Binhe Road on the east bank of the Bahe River and the West Chanhe Road, which are more than ten kilometers long, are newly built embankments and newly built roads.There are two rivers, Chan and Ba, with small islands on the river, piers on the shore, trees, flowers, grass, and water birds flying on the water...
The widest part of the river is four to five hundred meters wide!
I love this place with two rivers.This place has the greatest emotional and intellectual impact on me, and the greatest temptation of visual and inner beauty.I love the career of Chanba.
There is an academic paper on the Yellow River, published in "Geographical Knowledge" in 1955: "Why the Yellow River will have a long-term peaceful situation after the Eastern Han Dynasty".Author: Tan Qixiang.
"Tan Qixiang, born in 1911 and died in 1992, is a famous historical geographer in my country, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Hou Renzhi and Shi Nianhai are known as the "leaders" in the field of historical geography in my country. They have created modern historical geography research in China. precedent."
"Why the Yellow River Will Have a Long-term Peaceful Situation after the Eastern Han Dynasty" was written by Mr. Tan in the context of China's large-scale governance of the Yellow River in the 1950s.The research is the disaster of the Yellow River.The disaster of the Yellow River, Mr. Tan believes, is mainly caused by soil erosion, and soil erosion is mainly caused by the destruction of vegetation in the Yellow River Basin - the most critical point of view is that the destruction of vegetation is related to "people's land use methods".He investigated the entire history of the Yellow River and China, and found that the vegetation in a region in a historical period mainly depends on people's production activities, that is, land use methods, animal husbandry and farming, and farming damages vegetation far more. in animal husbandry.During the Qin and Western Han Dynasties, especially during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a large number of immigrants were moved into Guanzhong. There were three major immigrations, one with "one hundred thousand people", another with "more than 700,000 people", and another time with "600,000 dead". Why are there so many people here?It is "guarding the border", that is, driving away the Huns who originally lived on hunting and animal husbandry, and reclaiming the vast forest and grassland into farmland. Moreover, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also adopted a large number of preferential policies. Those who were originally officials could be exempted from crime, those who were originally officials could be exempted from taxes, and so on.That is to say, a "special zone policy" has been implemented in the border regions.However, with the transformation of pastoralism into agriculture, the population increased sharply, and the disaster of the Yellow River came after the vegetation was destroyed.Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the power of the Han Dynasty has weakened, border troubles reopened, and Huns, Qiangs, and Hus invaded the customs. The rapid growth of these nomadic peoples is reflected in the reduction of cultivated land and the expansion of pastures in terms of land use——Mr. Tan It is believed that this is the real reason why the Yellow River was able to have a thousand-year long-term tranquility after the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Regarding the construction of the Sanmenxia Reservoir at that time, Mr. Tan believes that it is not possible to achieve "long-term peace and stability" in the lower reaches of the Yellow River by building a Sanmenxia Reservoir.What is important is that the areas that should have been engaged in both agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry should be engaged in both agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, and return to nature in terms of land use, so that the middle reaches of the Yellow River, where vegetation was severely damaged for thousands of years after the late Tang Dynasty and the Anshi Rebellion, can be restored. vegetation.
This is the root of the permanent peace of the Yellow River.
A genius buried in history.A talented historian and geographer, but also a great scholar who is concerned about the country and the people, his wisdom has penetrated the history of thousands of years of Chinese civilization. The completely different performances illustrate how human production methods, animal husbandry and farming, affect the fate of a big river—the Yellow River, our mother river...
A new way of thinking about river management and urban construction must be explored.
Xi’an cannot be left with two rivers that failed to be managed, nor can it be left with a new city full of regret and remorse—like many “new cities of wealth” that have created a “myth of wealth”, GDP has increased, but the river has been polluted Yes, the ecological environment is bad, even if the wealth is piled up like a mountain, people's lives are not only unhappy but also full of crises...
No, no, neither the failed river governance nor the "wealth new city" full of regrets is what the builders of Chanba want.
The Chan-Ba builders penetrated the fog in front of them, and finally walked out of a "Chan-Ba Road" that has been proven to be in line with the scientific development concept, river governance and urban construction go hand in hand.
Rivers and cities, this is a world-class problem that human beings have to face since ancient times.To say that it is a world-class problem actually means that ecological governance and urban construction are inextricably linked to each other.There is not only an indissoluble bond between them, but also a natural "repulsion".Cities cannot live without water, rivers and water sources. However, the construction and development of cities will inevitably pollute rivers.After the river is polluted, it will inevitably take revenge on human beings, and human beings will no longer be able to stay in such cities.Humans have to control the river in order not to abandon their cities.This is a "Sisyphusian" paradox.What mankind faces in river governance and urban construction is the distress of Sisyphus. It is always in the vicious cycle of governance and construction. Construction pollutes, pollutes governance, governance builds, construction pollutes...
Almost all industrially developed cities in the world cannot escape this fate.
Rivers have become the heartache of many countries and nations.The United Kingdom spent 25 years and spent 2.5 billion pounds to manage the Thames River; the United States spent 80 years and spent 600 million US dollars to restore the Chicago River to its original appearance, and will continue to invest 2.2 billion US dollars to make it reach the tourist level...
The builders of Chanba have a mission to face the two rivers in Xi’an and a future city in Xi’an. How do they solve this “world-class problem”—so that the city of Xi’an will no longer be reincarnated in the “Sisyphus style” "The paradoxes and strange circles?
The cause of Chanba, the world-class problem that Chanba and his group need to solve, should be recorded in human history, in the urban memory of the ancient city of Xi'an, and in the development history of world cities.
2004 is destined to be a very important year in the history of Xi'an.
In this year, some things happened enough to affect the future survival and decline, prosperity and reputation of this city and this millennium imperial capital.Xi'an published the "White Paper on Urban Development of Xi'an", which put forward the urban development and construction concept of "internationalization, marketization, human culture and ecologicalization" for the future of Xi'an.This "white paper" is a re-understanding and repositioning of Xi'an. We have never been so clear about the development direction of our city before. The "white paper" is a leap forward for Xi'an.
Another important event is the proposed revival of the Tang Dynasty City and the northward relocation of the city government.It is necessary to reproduce the style and appearance of the imperial city of the Tang Dynasty and revive Xi'an's prosperous Tang Dynasty.
In addition to these very important events, there is another very important event in Xi'an.This is the 55 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the compilation of the fourth urban master plan "Xi'an 2004-2020 Urban Planning" is restlessly in the womb.Xi'an is stretching its skeleton, proposing two "600", that is, a planning area of 600 square kilometers and an urban population of 6 million.
What is this concept?
As of 2004, if counting from the construction of the "Daxing City" in Xi'an by the Sui Dynasty in the sixth century AD, after more than 1,400 years of construction, the urban built-up area of Xi'an City is 207 square kilometers, and the urban population is about 3 million.According to the fourth revised urban planning, if Xi’an’s urban capacity is to increase to a planning area of 600 square kilometers and a population of 6 million, the urban built-up area will nearly double, and the population will nearly double.This is a concept of "Great Xi'an".Compared with the most glorious Tang Chang'an city in Xi'an history with 84 square kilometers and a population of 1 million, the area will increase eight times and the population will increase six times!
It is against this background, also in 2004, that a new district was born in Xi'an: the Chan-Ba Ecological District.The Xi'an Municipal Government defines its function as an ecological compensation area in Xi'an, and secondly, it also undertakes the important responsibility of expanding the urban framework, evacuating the population of the old city, and promoting Xi'an to quickly move towards the fast lane of internationalization.In other words, it will build a new urban area for Xi'an that can accommodate a population of 550,000 in the future through the governance of the two river basins.
Build a new city in Xi'an.
The planned area of this new urban area is 129 square kilometers.
It is equivalent to ten times the 11.9 square kilometers of the old city of Xi'an and the city within the ancient city wall.
It is also equivalent to more than half of the 207 square kilometers of Xi'an's built urban area.
In addition to its scale that can be expressed in numbers, its more important significance lies in the fact that it is the most modern city that embodies the new concept of Xi'an's "internationalization, marketization, human culture, and ecologicalization". A New City for the 21st Century.
Xi'an City wanted to set up a new district called "Chan-Bahe Comprehensive Treatment, Development and Construction Management Committee" at that time. The earliest document was seen on August 26, 2004.Among them, the task undertaken by this new area is to complete a "construction goal of ecological belt, landscape belt, tourism belt, and economic belt" for Xi'an, authorized by the municipal government, to independently exercise the comprehensive management and development of the ecological environment of the Chan-Ba River Basin Construction and management functions.
This is a new urban area that plays a decisive role in the future development of Xi'an.There will never be such a large core urban area in Xi'an.Xi'an will never have such a large piece of land less than half an hour's drive from the most central city center.And the most important thing is that Xi'an will no longer have two rivers within the third ring of the city, which may be the most beautiful city in the future.This area is said to be the jewel in the palm of the Xi'an Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government. It is a great achievement, and at the same time it is a very difficult work to complete.Moreover, it is a work that can only succeed but not fail.In the first document issued by the municipal government and another document issued only two days later, the issue of candidates for the construction of this "new urban area" was stated in this way: it is necessary to select and hire "in administrative management, People with professional knowledge in engineering construction, investment attraction, tourism development, etc., as well as strong market operation ability, organization and coordination ability" will take on this important task.
That is to say, they must be professionals in various fields.
In August 2004, before the Chanbahe Management Committee was officially listed, the first batch of builders inspected their territory for the first time.
The jeep walked along the Chan River from south to north. At first there was still a road, but then there was no road.There are no roads, and there are garbage mountains stretching for more than ten miles. Of course, this is all urban garbage, including domestic garbage, and more construction waste.It is not allowed to dump casually in the city, but there must always be a place for garbage to be dumped. There is no one to take care of it, and there is no charge for dumping garbage. Over the past few decades, garbage has piled up into mountains, and many places have invaded rivers.In addition to garbage, there are also sand pits all over the riverbed and embankment. The sand pits vary in size, and the deepest sand pit can reach more than 30 meters.There are weeds and sewage.Weeds are overgrown, and the weeds can drown an adult, which is the reason why there are few people.The problem is the water stinks.The trickle of water, not quite like a river, was dark and had a cloying smell.The bunkers cannot be passed, the weeds cannot be bypassed, and the garbage mountain lies in front of them. They have no choice but to drive and stop. Many times they can only abandon the car and walk, climbing up and down, overcoming thorns...
This is true for the Chan River and the same for the Ba River.
After a hard day, when the sun was about to set, they parked the car at the confluence of the Chan-Ba River.That is the place where they later named it "Delta", and then later renamed it "Peninsula" - I need to emphasize one more point, here is the place where the F1 Powerboat World Championship China Xi'an Grand Prix and China will be held three years later in 2007 The place where the Eurasian Economic Forum was held.But at that time, in the setting sun, standing in the wild grass taller than a person, the black river was in front of my eyes, and the rubbish mountains and large and small sand pits were as far as I could see...
If river water pollution, sand dredging, and garbage dumping are the three major ecological disasters of the Chan-Ba Rivers, the other disaster is related to the safety of human life and property.There are dry seasons and wet seasons in the river, and the direct disaster caused by the failure of the river course is flooding.
The three suburban districts of Xi'an straddle the two rivers of Chan and Ba, and their district boundaries are mainly divided by these two rivers.The upper reaches of the Chan River, that is, the place closest to the urban area belongs to the Yanta District.The east bank of the Bahe River and the urban section of the lower reaches of the Chan River belong to Baqiao District.The west bank of the Bahe River, including the confluence of the two rivers, belongs to Weiyang District.It's so desolate here!A kind of emptiness and desolation that you can't imagine!You can't imagine that it is less than half an hour's drive from the city center, and it is a suburb of Xi'an!It is more like a long-forgotten land. In some places, the riverbed is bare, and in some places, it is almost dry. On both sides of the river bank, there are sand pits, dirt roads, and weeds without knees, and the grass even reaches people's waists.In addition, there is a mountain of garbage everywhere.Originally, it was a good autumn season, but here, in addition to feeling desolate, it also makes people feel scary...
I thought of a matriarchal village six thousand years ago.
Yes, one of the most representative cultural sites in the Yellow River Basin, a cultural site in the period of matrilineal clan tribes, is located on the banks of the Chan River.It is the "Banpo Site" in Xi'an.I don't know if this is the only site of a matrilineal society that we have discovered so far, but I can say with certainty that it is probably the most important site of human beings in that period.Thanks to the discovery of this site, people can almost restore life in a thriving village 6,000 years ago, ruled by a female clan chief.This village, now called "Banpo Ruins", covers an area of about 50,000 square meters and is already a very large village.The layout of the village is orderly, as if it has been well planned, along the river, built on the second-level terrace on the east bank of the Chan River, the whole village is in an oval shape, with residential areas, kiln areas, and communal areas. cemetery area.At that time, there must have been a very dense forest around the village, and there would be wolves, tigers and leopards in the forest. Therefore, they dug a deep trench outside the living area to prevent wild animals from attacking and also to protect their lives and properties. Safety.This trench, which is their city defense fortifications, is basically equivalent to the later moat.
Judging from the large number of production tools and daily necessities unearthed from the village ruins, the economic life of the Banpo clan is mainly based on agriculture, breeding, fishing and hunting.Women are mainly engaged in gathering and farming, while men are engaged in fishing and hunting.There is one more thing in the Banpo ruins that must be mentioned, and that is the Xun.It is a clay instrument, probably one of the oldest known to us.
What can we know from these?
We have been able to paint a picture of human life in the matrilineal clan society of Banpo in the Yellow River Basin during the prehistoric civilization period 6,000 years ago.They live by the river.Because it can provide them with a good ecological environment for farming, fishing and hunting.They live between two rivers in the Yellow River Basin.These two rivers are the Chan River and the Ba River.It can be said that our ancestors came out of these two river basins.
Almost at the same time, about 5,000 or 6,000 BC, the ancient Egyptians settled on the banks of the Nile River, thus giving birth to the ancient Egyptian civilization.The Indus Valley gave birth to the ancient Indian civilization.In addition, there is another civilization that can't help but amaze you, that is, a valley between two big rivers. This green land is recorded in the Bible as a paradise on earth, and is called "Mesopotamia" by the Greeks. ", which means "the country between the two rivers".These two rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris, from this beautiful green land gave birth to the ancient Babylonian civilization...
Ancient Chang'an, ancient Egypt, ancient India, and ancient Babylon are all the earliest birthplaces of human civilization.
It is the river that feeds us and allows us to survive; it is the river that provides us with water and allows us to thrive.Without exception, the early ancestors of human beings on the earth lived by water and rivers, and almost all human civilizations are related to rivers - without rivers, there would be no us humans.I sometimes think it makes little sense to say these things, because they are common sense, and who can live without water? — No one would think so.But across the boundless 6,000-year period, the comparison between a prosperous village on the bank of the Chan River and a place that was later polluted into a river of stinky water and almost turned into a "killing and robbing" place on the outskirts of Xi'an can still make one's soul shake. There was a shudder in my heart...
what to do?
What should the Xi'an Municipal Government do?
What about the newly born Chanba River Management Committee, which has the mission of rebuilding the ecology and re-regulating the two rivers? ...
What can Xi'an do to manage it?
Cities are bound to grow.As long as a city develops, it will inevitably bring about an increase in population density and industrialization.If this is limited within a certain range, it may not necessarily bring about ecological deterioration and environmental pollution.The problem is that we have failed to grasp an appropriate "degree" between urban development and environmental protection.In this way, we will inevitably overflow the balance between the two and fall into a vicious circle of alternating extremes, often
Excessive construction brings excessive pollution, and when the pollution is serious, people start to clean it up; after treatment, it is impossible for you to stop building, so a new round of pollution goes on again and again...
Specific to the two rivers in Xi'an, the Chan River and the Ba River, the situation is not the same.Compared with the eastern provinces, the entire western provinces of China are economically underdeveloped areas. There is industrial pollution, but it is not the root cause.The problems that Xi'an encountered in its urban development are almost all related to it being the oldest historical and cultural city in China.The glorious history of the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties, thirteen dynasties established their capitals here. In human history, "Chang'an is in the east and Rome is in the west", making Xi'an, the oldest capital in the East in the world, carry half of the essence and spirit of all mankind remains.It is unimaginable that there is no ancient Chang'an in China, and it is also unimaginable that there is no Chang'an in the east of the world. Without Chang'an, it is like there is no Rome.Without ancient Rome, Westerners would have no spiritual homeland, and without ancient Chang'an, Easterners would also have no spiritual homeland.The ancient city of Chang'an, especially the city of Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty, is like a historical obelisk located in the entire East—especially in the hearts of Asians.
These two rivers, Chan and Ba, are by no means ordinary rivers. They have a close relationship with Chang'an City in Tang Dynasty.If history hadn't abandoned it later, it would be famous far and wide!
However, Chang'an is glorious because of history, and Chang'an is also burdened by history.The "eight waters around Chang'an" in ancient Xi'an is absolutely good Feng Shui!Eight rivers encircle Chang'an City like eight green dragons, and green grass grows along the rivers. The outskirts of Chang'an City are all dense forests.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty hunted in Xiliu, which is now Chang'an County south of Xi'an.Li Shimin's hunting place is probably in the northern suburbs of today's Xi'an. The forest along the Wei River north of Tang Daming Palace is the royal garden... Where did these forests go?
Changes in history, you kill me, burn your capital, I will build another capital, every time you need wood to build a city, then cut it down!From Guanzhong to Tianshui, Gansu, from the shallow mountains at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains to the south of the Qinling Mountains and into the virgin forest...
After thousands of years of destruction, Xi'an's good Feng Shui is gone.
After thousands of years of destruction, Xi'an's ecological environment has become worse and worse.
As the ancient capital of China's thirteen dynasties, Xi'an has a history of more than 1,100 years as the capital of emperors - there is no other city in China that can compare with Xi'an in this regard - it will inevitably use its own green hills The green water sacrificed the change of China's feudal dynasty, and paid a heavy price for the bloody change of feudal dynasty.
The eight rivers in Xi'an lost the conservation of the forest and dried up day by day.But the population is not necessarily decreasing.The population of Chang'an City in the Tang Dynasty was 84 square kilometers, the largest in the world at that time, and it was only 1 million people.But now the 11.9-square-kilometer old city of Xi'an has gathered more than 500,000 people.These people have to eat, drink, and scatter. Where does the domestic sewage go?Where do domestic waste and construction waste go?In addition, it is impossible for Xi'an to have no industry. The industrial areas in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an always have industrial waste water to be discharged. Where does it go?
There happen to be two rivers here, the Chan River and the Ba River...
These two rivers have truly become a place where Xi'an hides its filth.
Xi'an does not have the financial resources to manage the river, and Xi'an still wants to develop and build its own city. How to solve such a problem that seems to be similar to the "Oscar problem"?
Xi'an was constrained in its development by the ancient city wall.
The reason is that Beijing, Nanjing, and Suzhou demolished their ancient city walls, while Xi'an people kept their ancient city walls.Later, I occasionally learned that there is a term in architecture called "city skyline", which means that every city has its iconic outline.The skyline of Xi'an before the 20th century was the ancient city wall.By the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the Xi'an High-tech Development Zone was basically completed. Many modern high-rise buildings erected in the high-tech zone have become a new skyline of Xi'an, and Chanba, the chief planner of Xi'an, Han Mr. Ji told me that the Chan-Ba River Basin will be the most beautiful city skyline in the new Xi'an...
But now I still want to talk about Tang Chang'an City first.
Who gave us the earliest skyline of Xi'an?Who gave us a checkerboard-shaped city road that is still in use today?Who gave us such a city layout? ——That is to say, who planned our Tang Chang'an City?
This person is Yu Wenkai.
A talented planner of the Sui Dynasty before Tang.
The short-lived Sui Dynasty fell.It perished shortly after Daxing City was built in the Sui Dynasty.But Yu Wenkai's great works have stayed.The Li and Tang Dynasty found that this was really a great capital, with regular roads and an orderly urban layout. There was no other city in the country that was more suitable to be the capital of the Great Tang Empire.Why destroy it?The talented Tang Taizong Li Shimin adopted the "bringing doctrine", but made some necessary expansions on its basis, and changed "Sui Daxing" to "Tang Chang'an".It is no exaggeration to say that the planning of Chang'an City in the Sui and Tang Dynasties is a miracle in the history of world architecture, a masterpiece of the Oriental capital!
Yuwenkai created a model of urban construction planning.
Time to 2000.
The fourth Xi'an urban construction plan was compiled.During this period, the publication of the Xi’an White Paper is of great significance, and it is the “political program” for the future development of Xi’an, and its “bright spot is its four modernization concepts—internationalization, marketization, human culture and ecologicalization”.
Internationalization and marketization are of course very important to an underdeveloped western city like Xi'an.After all, Xi’an has long lost its status as an international metropolis. If it weren’t for its numerous cultural relics and historical and cultural heritage, especially its eighth wonder in the world, the Qin Terracotta Army, it might have been forgotten by the world!Xi'an also especially needs to develop its market economy, so that it can quickly integrate into the international trend of world economic integration and participate in international competition.However, some advanced and developed international metropolises in the world do not need to mention internationalization and marketization—but cities all over the world, including the most advanced and developed cities, need to re-examine the future development of their own cities... …
What do people need for cities in the 21st century?What is the longing for urban life? ——
This is the ecology and human culture of the city.
Urban pollution, traffic congestion, and high population density have caused human cities to suffer from "urban diseases".Originally, as Socrates said, people came to the city to pursue happiness, but the current city life makes people unhappy.So people are looking forward to, what is the most beautiful view of the city in the 21st century?It is a complex surrounded by greenery and trees in and around it.This is people's desire for a "green city".
Ecology and human culture have become the themes of urban construction in the 21st century.
Green cities and people-oriented cities have also become people's new desires for the cities he lives in.
This time, Xi'an is unwilling to miss the history again. It wants to build its city on the basis of the latest concept of urban development in the 21st century—this is the concept of "Greater Xi'an"...
The fourth urban planning of Xi'an put forward two very important concepts, one is the development of the Guanzhong urban cluster centered on Xi'an, and the other is the ecological protection of the eight hundred miles of Weihe River and Qinchuan.These two issues are interrelated.In the past, people's understanding of Xi'an was an ancient city short of water and green.Outsiders think so, and Xi'an people also think so, and this kind of thinking is very depressing to the development prospect of Xi'an.However, one day, a very smart person suddenly said to people, don't look at Xi'an from within the city circle, do you think Xi'an is just that big?Do you think the ancient Chinese emperors were that stupid?Could the thirteen dynasties such as Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang choose Xi'an to build a city with poor geomantic omen and lack of water and green?It’s true that Xi’an has lost many forests and green vegetation along the river due to man-made destruction such as wars and dynasty changes. However, the topography of Xi’an has not changed, and the topography of Xi’an has been like this since ancient times!Do you see that Qinling is not here?Isn't the Wei River here?A large mountain range stretching for thousands of kilometers and the largest tributary of the Yellow River.The mountains are in the south of Xi'an City, and the water is in the north of Xi'an City.Xi'an is a large river valley with the Qinling Mountains in the south and the Weihe River in the north. This large river valley is what people call "Eight Hundred Li Qinchuan", a vast Guanzhong Great Plain surrounded by mountains and rivers!
You build it, this is a "Great Xi'an"!
There is a green treasure house in Greater Xi'an, the Qinling Mountains, which lie at the southern end of Xi'an.Among the northern cities in China, there is no city like Xi'an that relies on such a large green land in the Qinling Mountains. Such a large green treasure house supplies the city with a steady stream of high-quality water.And the Weihe River at the northern end of Xi'an is equally remarkable.Together with its seven tributaries, like the eight umbilical cords in a mother's body, it nourishes this vast river valley with abundant milk...
This very smart person is a group of people with lofty ideals in Xi'an.
Now a group of rulers and scholars in Xi'an.
This major discovery began with the ancient city walls of Xi'an...
What dynasty is the ancient city wall of Xi'an?
We used to say that it was the city wall of the Ming Dynasty, because Zhu Yuanzhang's son was entrusted as a vassal king and later took Xi'an as his "king city". The city wall has been well repaired, which is why it is said that Xi'an is the city wall of the Ming Dynasty.But this is a "historic mistake"!
This is about a man named Zhu Wen.
Zhu Wen grew up in the turbulent years at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and he was infected with some hooligan habits since he was a child. If it was in a peaceful age, this Zhu Wen might at most become a hooligan proletarian, but it coincided with the Huang Chao uprising, and he loves to fight and kill. Soon he became a leader of the "rebel army".Later, in a major battle, Zhu and Wen defected and surrendered to Tang Dynasty. Emperor Xizong of Tang Dynasty gave him the name Zhu Quanzhong as if he had found a treasure at that time.Unexpectedly, this person was not "loyal" at all, but what Tang Xizong brought in for Tang was a real "wolf", a man who would destroy Tang.AD 904 was the first year of Tianyou in the Tang Dynasty, and the lunar calendar is the Year of Jiazi.This year should be a year of destruction and grief in the history of Xi'an.A year that Xi'an people should engrave in their hearts.Because in the year of Jiazi at the beginning of the tenth century AD, Zhu Wen, who had been dubbed the "King of Liang" by the Li Tang Dynasty, did a notorious incident. According to historical records, Zhu Wen coerced Tang Zhaozong to move his capital to Luoyang, "destroying Chang'an palace for hundreds of thousands of years." Si and folk cottages were taken from their materials and floated down the Wei River, and Chang’an has been in the ruins since then!” The imperial family and officials of the Tang Dynasty were forced to move eastward, and the people of Chang’an were also forced to move eastward to Luoyang, the eastern capital, to support the elderly and bring them along. The children were abandoned and left their homes, and the people wailed all over the road for more than a month, and countless people died.Zhu Wen also ordered the demolition of Chang'an City's royal palace, Baisi government office and private houses in the city, and threw the dismantled wood into the Weihe River, and the "waterway" flowed down the river to Luoyang.So far, the city of Chang'an, which has been painstakingly managed by the Sui and Tang dynasties for more than 300 years, has been reduced to ruins, dilapidated and dilapidated...
Since then, Chang'an ended its history as the capital.
Tang Chang'an City, the brightest pearl in the east, has fallen.
This is probably the most unbearable scene in the history of world civilization.Because the destruction was so thorough this time, Chang'an City after the war was too empty for all the people to disperse. The "Back Liang" established by Zhu Wen simply abandoned the original "Miyagi" where the emperors of Chang'an City lived in the Tang Dynasty and served as residents. The "outer city" in the commercial area only remodels the "imperial city" where the princes and ministers work, and collects the people in the imperial city.The area of the imperial city is only one-sixteenth of Tang Chang'an City, and Tang Chang'an City has shrunk into a small northern city...
明朝时改名“西安”。
张宝通研究员在考察了历史以后说，长安失去国都地位后，虽然降格成为了宋、元、明、清等的府城，但唐长安城的“皇城”还在。西安城墙实际上是在原隋唐皇城的基础上修建的。因为当时的城墙是板筑土墙，城墙外层没有砖，后经历代整修，到明代扩建时，在城墙外包了一层砖，才保存至今的。“正像我们不能因为唐大雁塔在宋代整修时被包了一层砖，就把它称为宋塔一样，我们也不能因此把西安城墙简单地叫做明城墙。它实际上是历经了好几个朝代的'唐城墙'，是我国七大古都中唯一保存下来的一座皇城，比如，唐皇城含光门旧貌至今还清晰可见。”他因此得出结论说，由于以前一直把西安古城墙只看做是明城墙，而不是首先看做隋唐皇城，致使具有完整公元七世纪的唐皇城城墙的西安城区没有被放在“古都”保护的重要位置上……
唐皇城是中国七大古都中唯一保存完整的一座皇城，那么就应该把它建成一座中国历史文化名城，一座中国历史文化的博物城，让所有来到中国的人，走进这座唐皇城，就像走进了中国的唐代长安城，走进了古代中国和走进了中国历史，让人们能够鲜活地和真切地体会与触摸到古老的中华文明……
这样的设想当然很好。可是，真正的唐长安城已经让该死的朱温早就拆毁了，只留下了一圈皇城的城墙。你不可能有中国的一座庞贝城，公元一世纪维苏威火山的爆发给了罗马人一座火山灰保护下的庞贝城，雅典卫城也因为是座石头城才被很好地保存了下来。那么，西安就必须复兴、再现和重现唐皇城。
这就有了西安的“唐皇城复兴计划”。
有学者认为，要保护西安古城、复兴唐皇城，西安就必须停止城内的现代化建设，将古城担负的现代城市主中心的功能转移出去，另建新的城市主中心。首先，应当把党政机关迁出古城，将政治中心的功能转移出去。其次，把无关的企事业单位迁出古城，将商业中心、居住中心、交通中心的功能疏解分散。只有使古城不再担当现代城市主中心的角色，才能遏制住对古城的继续破坏。
那么，政府应当迁往哪里？
西安城东和城西是上世纪五十年代建设起来的传统工业区，不能迁。往南发展又会破坏秦岭山脉的水源地，也不能迁。这就只有一个选择了——
政府应当北迁。
北迁是个广阔天地。
北迁的一个重大意义就是带动“大西安”的发展。
西安向东发展到临潼，向西发展实现西咸一体化，向南发展受限制，南边到了秦岭北麓了，秦岭北麓是国家的生态保护带。跨过渭河向北发展是渭北高原，地势开阔，发展前景看好……
但时间已经是2004年了，在中国上世纪八十年代末和九十年代“开发区模式”风起云涌的时候，西安也趁势而上建立了三个开发区。开发区当然可以享受政策上的优惠，西安的这三个开发区到了这时候也都发展得不错。可是，就在西安决心要治理这两条河流的时候，开发区的模式已经在全国范围里受到了质疑，国家已经不再批准开发区享有的一些优惠政策——在这种背景下，你这个浐灞新区算什么？可你如果不走开发区的模式，你又拿什么来治理这两条河流？ !
——河流与城市。
——人与城市。
河流首先是自然的河流，自然的河流也是生态的河流。同时，人类同河流的关系、城市与河流的关系，是人类同大自然的一种最为紧密的关系。世界上的许多城市荣荣辱辱，兴兴亡亡，都皆因河流而兴，又皆因河流而亡。恒河边上的印度，尼罗河边上的埃及，渭河边上的秦咸阳城、汉长安城，有河流的地方就有人类的文明，因此，人类的河流又是历史的河、更是文化的河流。可是，人类在长期的发展中，尤其在城市化和现代化的进程中，强调了河流的功能性，而忽视了河流的自然属性、生态属性和人文特色。
如今，面对有着两条河流的这座城市，既要保护河流的自然属性，完成对西安的生态补偿和生态重建，又要建设一个现代化和国际化的新城，现代与生态，如何在这座被他们称作“第三代新城”里相互协调和相得益彰呢？——宇文凯给历史贡献了一个隋唐长安城，千年的辉煌笼罩着这座千年帝王都，今天的人们也绝对不能给历史留下一个败笔，让隋唐长安城之后一千一百多年后西安要建设的这座新城留有任何遗憾！
一次又一次的研讨会、论证会。
为的是走出一条城市建设和河流与生态治理完美结合的新路子。
必须坚持生态优先。
必须坚持“生态为主、开发为辅”，这“主辅”的关系不能乱。
必须让浐灞生态区在一开始的时候就把治理与建设作为一项系统工程统筹考虑。这样，这种治理便是主动的和系统的，全局的和超前的。这样做，当然，在生态区起步时会艰难得多，甚至是非常非常艰难。但只要坚持这样做了，城市的建设与发展从一开始就可进入可持续发展的轨道，因此它是一种良性循环，最终是会带来巨大的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益。西安受益，社会受益，国家受益，人类受益……
河流治理带动区域发展，新区开发支撑生态重建。
这二十字实际就是“浐灞道路”。
这就是说，政府做环境，企业做项目。政府“负债经营”，负债进行综合治理，投入的钱主要用于流域治理、生态建设和基础设施建设。环境治理好了，你这里生态环境优美，有水有绿，大水大绿，还有完备的和先进的城市基础设施，就会吸引来有实力的大企业，进行组团发展。现代化的产业进入区域，政府由此获得收益，从而实现城市价值兑现。用开发效益偿还前期贷款，反哺生态治理，并用来支撑和进行新一轮的生态重建……
如此，破解了一次性治理的难题，在区域内实现良性循环和可持续发展。
最终，这里将建设成为一个生态化的新型城区。
一座二十一世纪的现代化的绿色城市。
当然，他们知道，河流治理、生态建设是一个花大钱的事情，资金问题一定是这个新区最大的瓶颈。而如果想要在河流治理和新区建设方面采取超常规和跨越式发展的方式，在开始阶段，就一定要对生态治理和基础设施的建设大融资、大投入和大开发，投资的强度与开发速度必须足以打开局面。
那就是政府要“负债经营”。
最早开工的一些工程都是“赊账”上马的。
对浐灞建设者来说，他们认为他们干的是“千秋基业”。因此，即使是“负债经营”，即使前期投入巨大、压力巨大，他们在“高起点”上也绝不愿意输于人。而是尽其所能，想要努力汲取世界上最先进的治河理念和城市建设理念。
因为这里本没有路，河堤的堤岸又遭到了严重破坏，需要修新堤和修新路。那么，路和堤，又怎么呈现出最佳状态？什么又是最佳状态？
在这里，他们提出了一个重要的治河理念，叫做“生态化、自然化和人性化”。
受法国治理塞纳河的启发，他们在浐灞河的治理上，首先考虑和遵循的是生态原则，就是把防汛、水利、人文景观和河流的自然属性综合起来考虑。他们不修高堤高坝，而建设的是“生态化大堤”，你在这样的河堤上看不出人为的痕迹，堤的坡度很缓，为防止渗水下面铺一层浆贴石，然后上面覆盖70公分的土。河堤的上半截搞成绿化带，种草种树种花。用这种办法建的生态大堤，基本颠覆了我们从前对人工修堤的概念。从前只要是人工修的堤坝，就完全是水泥砌成的。那样很不美观。而这样修成的堤坝，看上去有树有草有花，本身就是一道非常美丽的景观，让你赏心悦目，人在这样的堤岸上走，身心都是一种愉悦，你感到这是大自然赐给你的一条河流，与自然有一种亲近感，这当然又体现了自然化和人性化……
浐灞修的这种生态大堤，就是拿到世界上去也毫不逊色。这就是现代人、尤其是生活在大城市里的人对河流的一种向往。你把河堤都修成了水泥，这不符合自然，自然的河流堤岸上一定是有树有草，是闲花野草，现在，他们给上面覆盖上了一米多厚的土，又给了它绿色的植被，这样做肯定要比从前那种“硬化河堤”、即水泥砌成的河堤费时费工费钱，但却保留了大自然的美丽景色，达到了一种“自然去雕琢”的意境。
有人把他们的这种事业叫做“山水写意画”。
是在大地上进行山水写意。
灞河东岸10.8公里的生态大堤体现了生态环保的理念，超过了以往各区县治河修堤的标准，通过国际招标，把先进的生态理念引入到河堤施工中……
灞河东岸生态化大堤和灞河东岸滨河路的施工和造型最大限度地体现了人类的生态文明。而这条8.1公里长的滨河路又是一条什么样的路呢？
有人把它叫做“美女路”，因为它有点像美女的水蛇腰，弯弯曲曲，摇摇曳曳，飘飘逸逸。总之，它不是一条笔直的路。
可为什么要把路修成这样呢？
自然的河流一定是弯曲的。世界上没有一条河流会是笔直的。只是我们人类为了自己的一种观念，修路就要把路修得直直的，结果硬是要河流符合我们人类的想法，河堤和沿河的道路一般都采取“裁弯取直”的办法。而把河治得像修渠一样，这不符合水的自然属性。
河的自然属性是“水走蛇道”。走“蛇道”的河流在它顺着自己的自然河床流淌的时候，由于弯来弯去，不会形成太大的落差，也不会对河堤的两岸产生太大的冲刷力。可是，当你把河流“裁弯取直”以后，你就破坏了水的自然属性，这时，你的堤坝修得再坚固，水流所形成的落差和冲刷力久而久之还是会冲毁你的堤坝……
原来，从前的许多水患水灾是人违反了河流的自然属性，河流对人的一种报复！这就让我想起了我们修过的一些“高堤高坝”为什么会决口？修那样的堤坝，到头来等于是劳民伤财！现在，他们根据河流的自然状态，堤和路，全都随弯就弯，拐来拐去，高低起伏。可是，这样一来，工程造价高了不说，设计上也复杂了不少。这条8.1公里的河堤路，如果是按直线的一条路设计，只需要画五六张图纸，而这一“弯曲”，好了，设计师得画出800多张断面图！工作量一下子不知道增加了多少倍！而且，一开始还不被人理解，你说你一条路，拐来拐去这算什么？连电线杆都不能对称？
施工单位拿到图纸也傻眼，说，还从来没有见过这么一条不规则的路！
毕竟是千秋功业，毕竟是未来这座城市最宝贵的和无法再生的两条河流。
今天你省钱了，省工了，但你却毁掉了两条自然的河、生态的河。不说将来你会背上骂名，成了西安这座古城的千古罪人，你还永远没有机会改正你的错误。建设中的错误是人最不能犯的错误，犯了，的确就是千古罪人。在这方面我们已经有过太多历史教训。与其干一个坏的工程，不如不干！要干，就为西安干世界一流的事！
后来，世界花卉协会主席荷兰人法博先生为西安的2011年世园会来浐灞考察，对浐灞的“生态大堤”和“美女路”赞不绝口，说，你们的生态理念非常先进。香港和欧洲的专家也夸赞道，你们是世界上治河理念和治河形态最好的地方！
2007年，中国发生了两个著名的生态灾害事件，一个是太湖蓝藻危机，一个是洞庭湖区暴发鼠灾。据媒体报道：从这年5月29日开始，江苏无锡市民家里的自来水就开始发臭，当地居民讲，这种臭味是类似于窨井盖下淤泥的臭味，洗手手臭，漱口口臭，煮饭饭臭！无锡市超市的纯净水开始出现抢购，甚至脱销……
西安当然也想发展自己的经济，但它更想避免像太湖蓝藻危机这样的生态危机乃至于生态公共灾害危机。所以在它于2004年发表的“白皮书”里特别提出了西安发展的“生态化”。
西安市政府将浐灞新区定位为“新型城区、生态区、商务区、景观区”。
那么，什么是“新型城区”？
“新型城区”又新在哪里？
这就涉及到了他们要建一个什么样的“城”的问题。
这个“新型城区”定位为“第三代新城”。
第一代新城，是“企业本位模式”。企业是城市的主体。最典型的像大庆、唐山、河南的三门峡、陕西的铜川这样的资源性的城市。
第二代新城，是“产业本位模式”。最典型的就是各种形式的开发区，是以新兴产业主导城市发展的一种模式。
第三代新城，是“城市本位模式”。是为建一个城市而建设的城市，是按城市发展的规律和城市发展的需要而建设的城市。它所要达到的最高境界和作为城市建设的最高原则是，人与自然的和谐、产业与人居的和谐。
这是一个具有颠覆性的理性思考。
在中国的城市建设史上，它第一次提出了“人”是城市建设的主题。第一次提出了城市建设必须从以“经济为中心”走向以“人为中心”的根本转变。
人为什么来到城市？人到城市里来为了寻求什么？人为什么需要城市？ ——这个问题实际又回到了苏格拉底所说过的名言：人是为了追求幸福来到城市。然而，对人这个有着无穷欲求的生物，对于现代人，如果要让他感觉幸福，城市又该为他提供些什么？ ...
最早的城市是随着手工业作坊的出现而建立起来的，当然，也是为着统治的需要而建立起来的。这就是庄园主们或者封建领主们需要一些更多的物质享受，一些手工匠们，打铁的、制衣的、屠夫们等等有着各种专业技能的人，就来到靠近贵族们住的地方住了下来，渐渐形成了人群的聚集区。从这些人群的聚集区里又发展出了绘画、音乐等等文化艺术以及科学。
这就是说，城市一定是和人们的物质享受、精神享受有关。
城市从原本意义上讲，应该是人类最佳居住地。不但能够满足人的物质需要，同时能够满足人的精神需要和环境需要。城市应当是以人为本，是人居环境优美和宜居住宜创业的地方。可是，以人为本和尊重自然，这个矛盾又怎么解决？这是说，在这个第三代新城里，人与自然应当是一种什么样的关系？
应当是一种和谐共生的关系。
应当达到生态效益和经济效益最优化兼容的理想境界与效果。
这个第三代新城，从城市形态上，应当是人类城市发展到今天的一种更为高级的阶段。它不是自然生态区，而是一种都市型生态区。都市型生态区不同于自然生态区，它必须有现代化产业的支撑，人在这个城市里生活和居住的同时，需要有事业，需要创业，需要发展人类自身的创造能力，去创造更多的物质文明和精神文明，实现人自身的价值、产业自身的价值和城市本身的价值。总之，人生活在这个城市里总得有事干。就像城市诞生的最初阶段，它吸引了大批的手工业者、商人、学者等等一样。那么，根据西安市政府对这个新城区的定位，它应当是西安的一个“商务区”，为西安发展新型的现代服务业，成为西安的商务中心、金融中心、会展中心、物流中心以及创意产业中心等等。因此，它又应当是一座生态化的商务城。
都市型生态区，生态化商务城。 ——
这就是这座未来的第三代新城的城市形态。
在历史上，浐灞这两条河流，尤其是灞河，是中国有名的河流之一。
“沛公军灞上。”
这是《史记》里上开篇第一句。刘邦驻军的灞上，遥遥相对着项羽驻军的骊山脚下的鸿门，中间隔着一条灞河。刘邦是夜慌不择路地翻过骊山涉过灞河，从那个命悬一线的宴会上逃了出来，由此才开始了中国历史上最为辉煌的汉唐时期。
这里的“灞上”，因其在灞水之滨而得名。
而它的具体位置就是浐河和灞河之间的白鹿原上。
另外一句同样很重要的话在《史记·王翦列传》里——
“始皇自送至灞上。”
战国时期，诸侯群起争霸天下，秦始皇派大将王翦率六十万大军从咸阳出发讨伐南方的楚国。这一仗，因其战略意义重要，秦始皇便亲自送大军出征。这里的“灞上”，是史书中最早的记载。出现在我国春秋战国时期，也就是公元前三世纪。史书里关于灞上的诸多记载且不去说它，仅这两次就足够重要了。王翦打败强大的楚国和刘邦从鸿门宴上死里逃生，由此才有了秦王朝和汉帝国。所以说，在灞河边上发生过的这些故事都是足以影响到中国历史的大事情。浐河虽然没有灞河名气大，但它是灞河最大的一条支流。而到了隋唐时期，由于都城东移，浐河距长安城比灞河更近，仅十里左右，成为唐长安城最重要的水源地，城中的许多水网，如龙首渠、兴庆湖、曲江，都是引浐入城。可以说，没有浐灞这两条河流，就没有唐长安城的繁华，更不会有诗人杜甫所吟诵的“长安水边多丽人”的美景。
然而时光匆匆流逝。
时光带走了曾经的历史事件和历史人物，而空余下两条呜咽着的河流……
而历史和人们，又遗忘了这两条河。 ——
这两条曾经和我们五千年文明史，尤其和我们历史上最为辉煌的周秦汉唐，关系如此密切的河流……
广运潭是开工的第一个项目。浐灞河管委会把广运潭项目作为他们的“开山之作”，其独具慧眼首先得到了专家们的肯定。“专家们一致认为，在浐灞河地区生态保护、河道治理与综合开发利用的系统工程中，以广运潭生态景区为起步项目是一个正确的选择。”
广运潭开工的第一个子项目是B号坝。
B号坝以后变得非常著名，原因是它的位置显著。它位于浐灞河交汇处的三角洲下游，是离三角洲最近的灞河上的一座坝，建成后通过调节水位，可在他们后来称之为“半岛”的这个中心区域形成浩渺的水面。这片水域，就是2007年的F1摩托艇世界锦标赛西安大奖赛的赛场，也是2007年欧亚经济论坛永久会址三面环水的那片美丽水域。最早的一批建设者们对他们的B号坝有着深情，也有着最为深刻的记忆。我发现，那个日子仿佛永驻在了他们的记忆里。
这就是B号坝的开工仪式：2005年1月8日。
所有的人都在为这一天的到来而扬眉吐气。
现在的人的确是越来越聪明了，过去一说修坝，就是水泥筑成的高坝大坝。但这样的坝，破坏了河流的自然景观，而且还给河床增加了压力，西方人早在上世纪八十年代已经在呼吁不要“高筑坝”。而如今浐灞人修的这些坝，全部采取“橡胶坝”这样的形式，这种坝，既生态，又环保，让河流能够自然流淌，只是在需要调节水位的时候，把橡胶坝的坝位进行适度的调节。但修橡胶坝，同样得处理河床，就像盖楼一样，你得“打地基”，给河床底部铺一些石料，他们叫做