Chapter 9 Chapter 08 "Protecting the Kidney with Surgery" Treating the "Golden Waterway"

"The sun is about to set in the west, and the Weishan Lake is quiet. I play my beloved earthen pipa and sing that touching ballad..." This classic old song in the past once made the vast and sparkling Weishan Lake The sound shook China and became famous all over the world.It is adjacent to Zaozhuang, a coal city in the east, Pei County, the hometown of Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty, in the west, Xuzhou, a famous city in northern Jiangsu in the south, and Qufu and Zoucheng, the hometowns of Confucius and Mencius in the north. It was the famous "golden waterway" during the War of Resistance Against Japan. Important leaders of the Communist Party of China Liu Shaoqi, Luo Ronghuan, Chen Yi, etc. used this way to safely travel between Yan'an and East China.However, it is a pity that years of reclamation and siltation have caused the vast North Five Lakes to disappear forever, leaving only the South Four Lakes alone facing the Yellow River. no longer exists.Fortunately, with the implementation of the East Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, Weishan Lake, which has caused years of disputes due to border conflicts and floods between the North and the South, has become a natural water diversion reservoir, known as the "Kidney of the East Route".The shipping industry of Liangji Canal and Weishan Lake will also become a new bright spot. While resolving the tension and contradictions of water use, Weishan Lake, known as "sunrise fighting for gold", will become a veritable "golden waterway" and regain its vitality. Vigorous.If the construction of the embankment on the west side of Nansi Lake in 1957 was the beginning of the water conservancy treatment of Weishan Lake, and the river channel and embankment reinforcement project in 1998 opened up a precedent for joint water control in Sulu and Shandong provinces, then in 2002 the Jiangsu and Shandong sections of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project The start of construction can be said to be a rebirth of Weishan Lake.

The ancients said: "If the mountain is not high, there will be immortals, and if the water is not deep, there will be dragons." Weishan County and Weishan Lake, located in the south of Shandong Province, are famous all over the world because of "Railway Guerrillas", but in fact they have been here since ancient times. There are many beautiful myths and legends.According to legend, a long time ago, Weishan was originally a tall and long mountain. On the mountainside lived two grandparents and grandchildren who made a living by opening up wasteland and farming. One late autumn evening, the little grandson saw a sheep herder in a soybean field that was about to mature. The old man with white beard stepped forward and asked angrily: "How can you herd sheep in my bean field?" Why don't you feed my sheep." The grandson hurried to tell his grandfather, who was not only angry, but also said that it was enlightened by the gods, so he took his grandson and invited the neighbors to flee quickly.Soon, the surrounding really turned into a vast ocean, and the highest peak of Weishan Mountain also turned into a small island, moored quietly in the vast ocean. Later, this piece of water was called Weishan Lake, and this small island was called Weishan Lake by people. Weishan Island.

According to historical records, Weishan was named after the ancestor of the Song Dynasty, Yin Weizi in the Yin and Shang Dynasties. Weizi, named Qi [also known as Kai], was the son of Emperor Yi of the Yin and Shang Dynasties and the brother-in-law of Zhou.Because of King Zhou's promiscuity and stupidity, he repeatedly persuaded and failed, and ran away angrily. He lived in seclusion in Liuyi of the Song Dynasty, and was buried in the Song Dynasty after his death. Mountain Island], in order to commemorate him, later generations called the place where he was buried Weizi Mountain. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, after the cycle of the sun and the moon, the vicissitudes of the sea and the fields, the originally pure and clear Yellow River, with the peace of the Mona Lisa, meanders eastward from the northern foot of the Bayan Har Mountain in the Qinghai Plateau, just like a shy and resentful woman. The young girl travels through snowy regions, crosses plateaus, fords basins, and crosses rivers and valleys. She wants to use the tenderness made of water to torture the hardness of rocks, and complete this long-distance journey with a calm and graceful posture.However, no.Fate just arranged for it to create the "Pearl of Qilu" - Weishan Lake in the name of "evil".She could only resign herself to fate, angrily tore off the veil of shyness, and instantly turned into a thunderbolt, roaring and galloping in the turbidity and confusion. Regardless of the scolding of the children in North China, she insisted on giving birth to nine children. They are: Anshan Lake [i.e. Dongping Lake], Mata Lake, Nanwang Lake, Shushan Lake, Machang Lake [collectively known as North Five Lakes]; Weishan Lake, Zhaoyang Lake, Dushan Lake, Nanyang Lake [collectively known as Nansi Lake], of which Nansi Lake has a circumference of 306 kilometers, a total area of ​​1266 square kilometers, a total length of 120 kilometers from north to south, and a width of 4.5 kilometers to 24.5 kilometers.The maximum storage capacity is 4.731 billion cubic meters, and the controllable storage capacity is 1.73 billion cubic meters.Since the Nansi Lakes are connected by sisters and Weishan Lake is the longest, the four lakes are mostly named "Weishan Lake".Both Fenghuang Mountain and Taohua Mountain stand next to the lake, the lakes and mountains complement each other, and the forest and mountain springs are integrated into one.The unique geographical features make Weishan Lake a characteristic beauty of "the scenery is moist with water, and the environment is secluded with mountains". However, Weizi Mountain, where Yin Weizi, the ancestor of the Song Dynasty, is buried in the lake, people call it "Weishan Island".Until 1953, in order to resolve disputes in the lake area, Weishan County was established in Yihu.

Weishan County has a long history, a collection of humanities, outstanding people, natural treasures, and rich cultural heritage. The charm of Nanyang Ancient Town still exists, and many historical relics of Han culture in my country are well preserved here.The earliest brothers and sisters Fuxi and Nuwa lived here in the legend. In order to reproduce human beings, they married and had children, and taught people how to live by fishing and hunting. Later generations built Fuxi Temple here in memory of them.On Weishan Island, the tombs of Weizi of Yin and Zhou, the tombs of Zhang Liang in the early Han Dynasty, the tombs of Muyi in the Spring and Autumn Period, the tombs of Liangzhu in Mapo, the Zhongzi Temple in Luqiao, etc., a large number of ancient tombs and temples, ancient steles, stone portraits of the Han Dynasty, etc. It has high archaeological and ornamental value.

As the largest freshwater lake in Jiangbei, Weishan Lake is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. It has rich historical stories and profound cultural accumulation. There are also countless martyrs who fought bravely and sacrificed blood for national independence and people's liberation.Xuzhou City on the south side of Weishan Lake was called Pengcheng in history, and has a splendid culture of 6,000 years. When Xia Yu controlled the water, Xuzhou was one of the nine states; The Yellow Emperor was born in Shouqiu, Qufu. 4,000 years ago, this was the "Dating Market" where the Yan Emperor Shennong's camp lived together.Jining, where Weishan Lake is located, had ancient human activities 7,000 years ago.The Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, Shennong, Shaohao, Gaotao, Shun and Qi, the ancestors of Shang, all left their footprints on this land.According to historical records, Qi Jiguang, a famous anti-Japanese general and national hero in the Ming Dynasty, Shaokang, the leader of the Xia Dynasty's Zhongxing, and Zhong Yongtan, a famous honest official in the Qing Dynasty, were born in Luqiao; Wang Shuhe, a famous medical scientist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Biao, a famous general in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Jingzhou Mu, Wang Bi, the founder of metaphysics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Zhang Zhan, a thinker in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Zhong Changtong, a famous materialist philosopher in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, were all born in Liangcheng.These historical celebrities are always dazzling pearls inlaid in the history of Chinese civilization, shining on Qilu.

Weishan Lake is also a famous anti-Japanese base area. During the Anti-Japanese War, revolutionary armed forces such as the "Weihu Brigade", "Canal Detachment", and "Railway Guerrilla" used this place as a good battlefield to kill the enemy; As a natural barrier, thousands of hectares of reed marshes have performed strategies and tactics such as "swinging a boat on reeds and setting up fishhook arrays skillfully"; they have been active on the Jinpu Railway Line through Weishan Lake, a "water traffic artery", bombing bridges, grilling Trains have created many heroic feats, and the movie adapted from Liu Zhixia's novel "Railway Guerrillas" has made Weishan Lake a household name.In order to commemorate these anti-Japanese heroes, a railway guerrilla monument was erected on Weishan Island in 1995.This monument has a unique shape and is vivid. The body of the monument is composed of sailboats and figures. Among them are three bronze-cast railway guerrillas. Some of them stand with guns, and some hold a pipa in their arms. They are triumphant.Today, this red hot land has been named the patriotic education base of Jining City and the National Defense Education Base of Shandong Province. Weishan Lake has also been included in the country's 30 "red tourism boutique routes" and 100 "red tourism classics". Scenic spot".

"The Tangtang flood is cut, and the Huaishan Xiangling is swaying, vast and vast."Today's people especially must not forget the old adage "Water can carry a boat and also overturn it".According to the records of "Road History", there used to be a famous historical city in Weishan County - Guliu City.This city was an important city in the Song Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn Period. It was the political, economic and cultural center of Southwest Shandong. Before the Tang Dynasty, merchants gathered and flourished unprecedentedly.After Han Gaozu Liu Bang pacified the world, he enfeoffed Liucheng to the famous counselor Zhang Liang.Legend has it that there was a butcher who killed pigs in the city at that time. He used to sharpen his knife on the stone lion at the gate every day, and he would burn incense and worship in front of the stone lion every New Year's festival.One day, when the butcher was about to sharpen his knife again, he saw the stone lion burst into tears. The butcher said to himself a little timidly: "Could it be that some god is here? May I ask why you are crying so sadly, sir?" I offer incense to you on weekdays, and I have never treated you badly. Could it be that I sharpened the knife on you and hurt you?" After crying for a long time, the stone lion finally spoke, and only heard it sighed: "Oh! I'm not crying for myself. , It is crying that Liucheng is exhausted, and will be submerged by the flood at midnight tonight. Seeing that you are usually kind and kind, after thinking about it, I have to take the risk to tell you that Liucheng is in trouble, and help you escape quickly." After hearing this, the butcher shouted. Shocked, he hurried to tell the tens of thousands of residents in the city, but the stone lion stopped him and said, "Don't reveal the secret, or you will be killed." But the butcher couldn't bear to watch thousands of neighbors die like this, so he He went door to door to persuade the villagers to move out of this place for refuge, but no one believed him, saying that he was talking crazy. The butcher had no choice but to lead his family to escape with tears in his eyes.When the butcher just arrived at the gate, the stone lion suddenly turned into a big boat and hurriedly beckoned the butcher aboard. As soon as the butcher got on the boat, the flood flooded into Liucheng.The stone boat took the butcher's family to the south. After a night of wandering, the butcher found himself lying on a small island at dawn, but the stone lion was buried under the island forever because of leaking the secret. It is today's Weishan Island.The stories in these legends are confusing and confusing, and there are still legends in the surrounding areas that the ancient Liucheng appears once every 60 years.However, according to an old man in Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province, in their genealogy, it was indicated that their ancestors migrated from Liucheng.

There are legends everywhere in Weishan County, and there are stories everywhere. Mapo Town alone has performed many legendary stories. What Zhao Kuangyin went to Hedong and passed by Mapo to station soldiers and rest horses, so he was called Mawopo; Song Dynasty famous general Huyan The next generation of Pixian once lived here, and left the ruins of Hujiazhai near Qinkeng; it is also said that the terrain in the north of Dingji Village, Mapo Town is complicated, and the fields do not have a standard north-south direction, because Mu Guiying once I have been fascinated here... However, with the passage of time, these legends, both true and false, have faded out of people's memory with the passage of time. Only Liang Zhu's love story, which profoundly exposed the tragedy of feudal marriage, was passed on through many folk legends and artists. The processing and deduction of the song has been widely spread in our country, and it can be said that it is well known to all women and children.The beautiful melody of the violin concerto "Blessed Lovers" and the vivid plot of Yue opera have spread across the borders of the world.

In order to compete for the famous tourist culture of "The Butterfly Lovers", there are different opinions and endless debates about the birthplace of the story of Butterfly Lovers.One said it was in Ningbo, Hangzhou, and Shangyu in Zhejiang Province, another said it was Zhumadian in Henan Province, and another said it was in Yixing in Jiangsu Province... But when various places were fighting for it, on October 27, 2003, in Shandong Province A tombstone unearthed in Mapo Township near Weishan Lake in Shandong Province caused a sensation, and also made Weishan in Shandong Province involuntarily joined in the dispute.Because this tombstone was unearthed in the Liangzhu Temple in Mapo Township, Weishan County, Jining City, Shandong Province, and the inscription "Liang Shanbo Zhuyingtai Tomb" is engraved on it. For the convenience of research, the full text of the inscription is transcribed as follows:

Judging from the inscriptions, although the entire story of Liang Zhu does not have mythological and artistic processing such as breaking the tomb, entering the tomb, and turning into a butterfly, it records a true love story that happened in the folk, and the relevant descriptions in the story are also consistent with the actual local conditions. It basically matches the environment.Facts have proved that this stele is quite authoritative, because it is the only one among the nine tombs of Liang Zhu in the country that has a written record of Liang Zhu's story, and the story is detailed and true, and the stele was erected the earliest.In addition, the former residence villages and family descendants of "Liang, Zhu, and Ma" in Ma Po Township are still there, and there are still sites such as Liang Zhu's Reading Cave, Liang Zhu's Spring, and Liang Zhu's Reading Place on Yishan Mountain in Zoucheng, the hometown of Mencius.Regardless of the results of the debates in different places, the unearthed and existence of Liang Zhu's tombstone will lay the groundwork for the settlement of Liang Zhu, and will also make the world pay more attention to Weishan Lake.People will wait and see who Liang Zhu will win.

Despite many folklore and poor historical records, Weishan Lake has always been covered with a veil of mystery.However, due to changes in the crust and frequent floods over thousands of years, the once-prominent Guliu City has been dormant in the vast Weishan Lake and withdrawn from the stage of history forever, leaving only endless reflection and vigilance for people.This indisputable fact always warns human beings that water can learn from history in the long years, and flood control and construction of water conservancy will surely become an ancient topic.The people of the country from Yu Dayu's water control, to the Three Gorges Project, and then to the South-to-North Water Diversion, the facts have proved that the construction of water conservancy, strengthening the country and enriching the people is a great cause that will benefit the present and benefit the future.It is true that we have paid a high price for today's repentance and awakening, and learned from the pain. Today, we must let go of the plundering hand, treat the environment and life kindly, always have a heart of benevolence, and always feel the weight of responsibility, in order to obtain The eternal symbiosis between heaven and earth. Zi Zaichuan said: "The dead are like husbands!"Day and night.Recalling the past, Weishan Lake, with deep bays, dotted islands, vast reed beaches, fields of lotus leaves, and white sails, was called a fairyland of Taoyuan by the ancients. Zhao Zhixin, a poet of the Qing Dynasty, praised it in a poem, "Zhouqian Lake is magnificent, and the lake is beautiful. "Going up the mountain and slanting", "it is suspected to be a paradise of peach blossoms, and I went out to others on business"; Emperor Qianlong once went to the south of the Yangtze River along the canal several times, and wrote many poems such as "Hanzhuang Viewing the Lake"; Marshal Chen Yi, who fought in the north and south, passed here and faced Zhong Ling's beautiful scenery of Weishan Lake has written the magnificent poem "Crossing the Yangtze River and Huaihe River for 700 miles, the beauty of Weishan Lake comforts the journey.This Weishan Lake, which integrates scenic spots and historic sites, cultural landscapes, and natural scenery, is even more spectacular in summer when hundreds of thousands of acres of lotus bloom. The people in the lake area even worship the lotus as a "sacred flower" and a "life-saving flower". In the late 1980s, when Hu Yaobang visited Weishan, he also appreciated the beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains. The water is extremely clear and beautiful.From a spoonful to thousands of miles, benefit people and things, stop when you go.However, one side of the water and soil supports one side of the people, and the people in the lake area "rely on water to eat water", and most of them make a living by fishing, and almost all of their basic necessities are on board. Therefore, these little sailboats that have been drifting on the water for many years have a warm name and are known by the local people. It is affectionately called "Lianjia Boat". When night falls, all the Lianjia boats gather together and moor. Melancholy" comes from the verse.But the life on this "family boat" is not peaceful, just like the waters of Weishan and lakes they rely on for survival, sometimes ups and downs. fights, and there are often fisherman bullying fishermen.It is said that at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the fishermen of Weishan Lake naturally formed four big boat gangs with the nature of safari in order to resist the oppression of the fisherman. The "guild leader" is held by the elders elected by the people. Each gang has its own rules and strict discipline. The people of Weishan Lake in the peaceful era also benefited from this charming, beautiful and rich water resources. They used to be fascinated by the pleasure of boating and fishing when the water and sky were the same in spring and summer, and they used to linger in autumn and winter when everything was bleak and enjoying the comfort of ice-covered snow. ...Perhaps green hills never grow old and green water lasts forever is the common dream of the people in the lake area.However, in the change of beautiful scenery of the four seasons, Weishan Lake has faced five major droughts since the 1980s. The frequency and severity of droughts are much more severe than any period in history. The remaining water depth of Nansi Lake, which accounts for 45% of Shandong's total fresh water area, is less than 20 centimeters. In the lake area of ​​more than 1,200 square kilometers, there is only 40 million cubic meters of storage water left, and 1.81 million mu of water has been dried up.At one time, shipping was interrupted, fish ponds bottomed out, drinking water was difficult, the economy declined, and the ecology deteriorated sharply.In particular, in 2001, Weishan Lake was hit by a 100-year drought. The lake completely dried up, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was cut off, which caused huge economic losses to the local area. The affected population in Weishan County alone was as high as 320,000 and 120 natural villages. 200,000 people had difficulty drafting water, 300,000 mu of crops were affected, 200,000 mu of fishery dried up, and more than 100,000 fishermen lost the conditions to make a living from fishery; There is no trace of water.Many water conservancy experts are worried because of this, and they appeal: We must resolutely improve water conservancy management, further rationalize the allocation and use of water resources, and never let the tragedy of the disappearance of the "North Five Lakes" repeat in the South Four Lakes. Fortunately, the severe drought alarmed a charitable old man who cared about people's livelihood. In the summer of 2002, Comrade Wen Jiabao, then Vice Premier of the State Council, inspected the local drought and made a decisive decision: "Give Nansi Lake a rescue Ecological water replenishment to meet the minimum water demand of the ecological chain in the lake area, and protect the continuation and diversity of biological species.” Therefore, Weishan Lake did not leave us like the North Five Lakes, it not only miraculously “resurrected” , and has attracted the attention of all parties to protect the water quality of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Water is the source of life and the lifeblood of human beings.Since ancient times, how to take the pulse of "water" and comprehensively treat it, so as to turn water damage into water conservancy, has been a common concern from officials to common people.However, throughout history, the issues involved in "water control" are very large and complex, because water control issues are not only financial and technical issues that we usually understand, but also political and economic issues that are directly related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and are also related to the origin of human civilization. It is a basic understanding of the institutional characteristics of Chinese traditional culture and its relationship with modernization. In China, the word "water conservancy" was first seen in "Lu Shi Chunqiu · Filial Piety · Shen Ren" and described Shun's deeds. In the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, Sima Qian had inspected many rivers and governance in order to write "Historical Records · River Canal Book". The river and water diversion projects summed up the experience and lessons learned from the breach and blockage of the Yellow River gourd [hu] at that time. He wrote in the book: "Wow, water is a matter of profit and loss." ".From this point of view, China's water conservancy has played a very important role in social development since ancient times, which is determined by the natural and social conditions of water conservancy. Great China, which has the "two giant dragons" of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River and many rivers, lakes and seas, has benefited from water and has been hurt by water.According to legend, since the Yao and Shun era, severe floods frequently occurred in the Yellow River Basin. At that time, people began to use the method of "blocking barriers" to build dams to contain the floods.Dayu, the hero of flood control, is a hero widely praised by the Chinese nation. The story of his successful flood control, as well as the unique personality charm and public servant spirit embodied in water control, not only left a lot of inspiration for future generations, but also created The Dayu culture, which has been passed down through the ages, has left precious spiritual wealth to mankind. The so-called "the vast traces of Yu, classified as Kyushu".Since ancient times, wherever there is a flood, there are many legends about Dayu.According to legend, in ancient times, there was a man named Feng Yi who dreamed of becoming a fairy all day long and had no intention of farming.After hearing the saying that drinking the juice of narcissus for a hundred days can transform into a fairy, he gave up everything and went all the way to find narcissus.In the process of running around looking for daffodils, Feng Yi saw that the ditches on the ground were filled with water from the Yellow River, because the Yellow River did not have a fixed channel at that time, so it could only flow everywhere. will flood.However, the daffodils that had been moistened by the water of the Yellow River were full of juice and bright, which made Feng Yi very happy.Ninety-nine days had passed in a blink of an eye, and it was about to succeed. Feng Yi only needed to find another narcissus and drink the juice of the narcissus for a day, and he would become a fairy.However, unforeseen circumstances caused him to wade across the Yellow River to find daffodils in a small village, but the river surged suddenly, engulfing him in the middle of the river and disappearing. Feng Yi, who died with a stomach full of grievances, hated the Yellow River that killed him. With the skill of sucking the juice of ninety-nine-day daffodils, he boldly went to the Jade Emperor to sue the Yellow River.He accused the Yellow River of lack of discipline, running wild and harming the people.The Jade Emperor looked at this man who was about to become a celestial being, and was also troubled by Huang He's reckless behavior, so he casually gave him a favor.Feng Yi was named the water god of the Yellow River to govern the Yellow River.In order to avenge being flooded, Feng Yi happily took office and was later called Hebo, but he knew that he was still a novice, and he had not practiced any magic weapon. How easy is it to manage the Yellow River?He couldn't help turning joy into worry, and his face was full of sorrow. After being enlightened by the Jade Emperor, he checked the water regime every day and found out where the Yellow River can be cut off and where it can be flooded; where it should be dug and blocked; ;Where is deep, where is shallow.It's a pity that when the river picture was completed, he was old and weak, and he no longer had the strength to control the Yellow River according to the picture.I can only hope that one day when a capable person comes to manage the Yellow River, he will be awarded the map, and it will be considered that I have not wasted my efforts.When he was about to see through, he saw a man wearing a bamboo hat, carrying a mountain axe on his shoulder, and holding a sword to avoid water, and said to him, "I am Dayu, and I came here to ask for advice on how to control the Yellow River." After giving it to him, he jumped into the Yellow River to enjoy his old age.After Dayu obtained the map of the water regime of the Yellow River, according to the instructions on the map, he finally brought the Yellow River under control.Later, because of his meritorious service in water control, he was abdicated by Shun and succeeded to the throne, becoming the first emperor of the Xia Dynasty, and he was able to live forever. This beautiful legend can only be said to be the response of Dayu's "sincerity leads to spirit" in water control.In the face of numerous historical facts, we have to admit that Dayu was indeed a sage emperor who was as famous as Yao and Shun, because he not only managed the torrential floods, but also designated the Chinese territory as Kyushu.He has made immortal achievements at the historical juncture of the formation, development and growth of the Chinese nation from prehistoric to civilized in the land of China.Although so far, there are still disputes about "blocking" and "draining" about Dayu's water control, but Dayu, who has never entered the house three times in order to control the water, did not hesitate to spend ten years leading the masses to "drain the stagnation of the river". One mountain after another was dug, and one canal after another was dug.What is especially commendable is that after the success of water control, he did not forget to organize people to use the water and soil to develop agricultural production, distribute rice seeds and instruct the masses to plant different kinds of crops such as rice, and also breed geese, ducks, fish, and plant cattail grass in the lake. The water damage has gradually turned into water conservancy, and then China has developed into a water conservancy power. Looking at the monarchs and those in power in the past dynasties, they also regarded water conservancy as the top priority in governing the country. In the history of China, many heroes of water control have emerged, such as Li Bing and Dujiangyan in the Warring States Period; The Jingjiang embankment built by Governor Huanwen and Chen Zun; the Lingqu Canal built by Shi Luxiu of the Qin Dynasty; the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which is also known as the two great projects of ancient my country along with the Great Wall; the unique Karez well in Xinjiang that uses groundwater to irrigate farmland through underground channels As well as many water control legends such as Gong Gong's water control, Pu's father's water control, and Bie Ling's water control, they all fully confirm that for thousands of years, the people of the whole country have written a magnificent water control epic in the process of building water conservancy and punishing water damage. Splendid and gorgeous water conservancy culture. "The Bian River flows, the Surabaya River flows, and flows to the ancient ferry in Guazhou, and Wushan is a little bit worried."Surabaya flows slowly, from Jining, Shandong in the north, to Xuzhou, Jiangsu in the south, forming Weishan Lake with an area of ​​1,266 square kilometers.The scenery of lakes and mountains, islands, forests, lotuses, reeds, etc., reveals the beauty of wildness and tenderness everywhere.The lake is rich in lake fields, lake products, water conservancy, mineral resources and other resources, ranking first among similar large lakes in the country, and is known as "sunrise fighting gold".There are 78 species of fish such as crucian carp, yellow GFDA3 carp, black snakehead, red-finned fish white, Changchun bream and carp; there are 364 species of phytoplankton alone, and aquatic economic plants and bird species are extremely rare. It has been designated as a bird nature reserve by Shandong Province, and the "four-nosed carp" and "Chinese soft-shelled turtle" are famous both at home and abroad.It was designated as a tribute to Jinjing by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. Speaking of this unique four-nostril carp in the country, there is another beautiful legend worth mentioning.According to legend, in the early days, the carp in Weishan Lake only had two nostrils.It's just that after the Dragon King of the East China Sea came to the human world to inspect it, he suddenly wanted to imitate the imperial examination system in the human world, and also wanted to select a talent who could help him manage the waters through scientific examinations.After his order, the officials in various water areas dared not neglect, and the aquariums also seized the opportunity to participate in the selection of their water area. Some outstanding aquariums would be selected and sent to the Dragon Palace of the East China Sea to participate in the palace examination hosted by the Dragon King himself. .After fierce competition among the aquariums of Weishan Lake, only snakehead, crab and carp entered the palace test.In the end, only carp passed the three test levels ingeniously set up by the Dragon King of the East China Sea. Finally, after successfully jumping over the dragon gate, he was reused by the Dragon King.However, because it came from the small Weishan Lake, some ministers who came from aristocrats in the water despised it for its humble origin and looked down on it. Carp was sullen all day long because of this, and was not in the mood to serve the Dragon King properly.In order to make it feel at ease, the Dragon King betrothed his youngest daughter to it, and went up to the court of heaven on the grounds of adding wisdom to the carp, asking God for extra mercy, opened two third eyes for the carp, and made the carp have two more nostrils. became an aristocrat.But the carp with aristocratic status, after living a life of wealth and pleasure with the little dragon girl, is not used to the intrigue and intrigue in the official life of the Dragon Palace, so he resigns from the Dragon King and returns to Weishan Lake with the little dragon girl. Lived a peaceful, serene, leisurely life, and endless children and grandchildren.Many years later, the nine sons of the Dragon King, who were reincarnated as emperors, came here on a tour. Seeing his younger sister Xiaolongnv and Liyu brother-in-law coming out of the water to visit him for a long time, they revealed the secret that the carp in Weishan Lake has four nostrils in a rage. , the emperor who revealed the secret was Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. No matter how credible this legend is, it is true that the aquatic resources of Weishan Lake are famous for their high quality and variety.It is precisely because of the rich resources of the lake that Weishan Lake has been regarded as the lake of life by the people along the lake for many years.For their own selfishness, the two sides of the Sulu Strait have been caught in conflicts and struggles that have lasted for many years.Years of endless disputes have caused both sides to focus only on immediate interests, and have no intention to build water conservancy and develop the economy, which has led to a vicious circle of poverty. Why fight?Draw a boundary, each is its own, what is there to argue about?However, the special geographical environment determines the living conditions of "people are settled, but water is flowing". It is not easy for the people who live by the lake to draw a clear boundary. Before the founding of new China, there was basically no embankment in the west of Weishan Lake, only the edge of the lake was used as the boundary, and the boundary was constantly changing with the fluctuation of the lake over the years, gradually forming a floating provincial boundary, especially in the shallow part of the lake, which was silted up all the year round. In the case of low water in winter, a large area of ​​the lake bottom emerges from the water surface to form a lake field, and people can plant wheat on the bottom of the lake; when there is a lot of water in summer, this piece of sand becomes the surface of the lake again, and fish can be raised in cages; Large areas of reeds and lotus roots can also be planted in the edge wetlands, which can generate considerable income every year.The floating land and wetlands became the fuse of the disputes between people on both sides of the lake. Later, the focus of conflicts expanded from lake fields and lake products to water conservancy, transportation, minerals, tax collection, market management, and social security. For a little profit, the people on both sides of the Sulu River once subverted the strong poetic flavor of Weishan Lake, where birds sing and fish leap, lotus flowers smell fragrant, the sun holds water, and mountain islands are inlaid with gold.In order to fight for water, fields, and minerals, they did not hesitate to use hands, sticks, or even real knives and guns.It is understood that in the early 1950s, more than 400 conflicts occurred in the lake area on both sides of the strait, causing dozens of deaths and hundreds of injuries; Nine people were killed and many people were injured. Some conflicts were even so acute that the bodies could not be cremated for more than 10 years.Over the years of economic disputes, there have been group fights, group visits and riots, and other extremely bad incidents, which have also made the Weishan Lake area a well-known "contradictory special zone". Among the many fighting incidents, the battle between Fengle Village, Datun Town, Pei County, Jiangsu Province and Dabuwan Village, Fucun Town, Weishan County, Jining County is the most typical.The special geographical location caused the two villages to face each other across the lake, and the lake and fields were connected, but the villagers of the two villages never had any other contact except fighting.These two villages are the villages with the most disputes and the most casualties in the lake area.It is understood that in the dispute between the two villages in the mid-1990s, there was a tragedy of 6 deaths, and the relatives of the victims on both sides firmly disagreed with the cremation of the corpses on the grounds that they wanted to arrest the murderer, and they would make a fuss about carrying the corpses every now and then. petition.After repeated negotiations between the two places failed, until the beginning of 2005, Jining and Xuzhou held the fifth conference on maintaining stability in the border area between Su and Lu, specifically discussing the issue of how to deal with the corpses of those who died in disputes over the lake area for many years. Pei County The secretary of the county party committee went into battle in person, arranged special funds for special personnel, and asked the public security and relevant departments to be stationed in the village to deal with it; Weishan County also allocated 500,000 yuan for this matter to comfort the family of the deceased and cremated the body. Finally, within the time limit stipulated in the agreement between the two parties , before the end of May 2005, the remaining corpse cremation problem was completely solved. The border dispute is so fierce, and the coal resources under the lake are even more unyielding. In the northwest of Jiangsu, in the north of Peixian County, next to Weishan Lake stands a tall tower. It is the "Shanghai Datun Energy Co., Ltd." registered in Shanghai. ", while the overall labor insurance and medical insurance are under the management of Jiangsu Datun Coal and Electricity Company to mine Wujin's well tower.The underground resources of Datun Coal and Electricity Company are very special. There are six wells distributed along the lake in the mining area, four of which are on the edge of Weishan Lake, two in Jiangsu, and the coal in the west of the lake is in Shandong. Due to transportation and geological reasons , Shandong cannot be mined, so it can only be mined from the ground in Jiangsu to the lake.At the beginning of the establishment of Datun Coal and Electricity Company, a group of educated youths and cadre workers were transferred from Shanghai, and Jiangsu and Shandong also supported a group of skilled workers and professionals.Later, due to the conflict between resources and investment, Shanghai and Shandong refused to hand over the company to Jiangsu, but Jiangsu refused to hand it over to Shandong. The two sides have been arguing over this issue for many years.It can be seen that in order to develop the economy along both sides of the lake, the conflict of interests brought about by water must be resolved first.But to completely resolve these kinds of contradictions, it is not enough to have superb technology in water conservancy, but also to have the skills to soothe the "heart". "The highest goodness is like water. Water is good for all things without fighting, and it is what everyone hates." The floating lake and field boundary is the source of conflict between people on both sides of the strait.In the end, the governments on both sides of Weishan Lake put people first and traced back to the source, which is the same as the principle of "building roads first if you want to get rich" on land. They first thought about how to build dams and embankments.In fact, as early as 1957, when the People's Republic of China was founded, the people along the lake in Sulu and Shandong started the climax of building the lake dike flood control project. However, after years of wind and rain, the partially silted river caused the overall embankment in the west of the lake to collapse. The standard is low.This problem has always been listed as the top priority by water conservancy departments at all levels, and it has been placed in a prominent position. In 1998, it was listed as one of the 19 key water control projects.Unfortunately, the project has not yet started, but due to border conflicts, it is blocked everywhere and has many difficulties. After coordination, Xuzhou City completed part of the river embankment construction on time in 2001, except for the 19.5 kilometers. Flood control standards are still less than once in twenty years, which is enough to show that the complex boundary conflicts have an adverse impact on water conservancy work. The border is chaotic, and the struggle is endless.The people living by the lake are always looking forward to peaceful coexistence and living and working in peace and contentment. The rich aquatic resources and deep mineral energy in the lake area also urgently need a stronger and safer life embankment.Under the general environment of advocating harmony in the border area, with the great attention and support of the State Council, the Ministry of Water Resources and relevant departments of Xuzhou City, it is imperative to build a levee that can protect the lives and property of people on both sides of the lake area.The water conservancy departments of Sulu and Luzhou provinces respected historical facts and looked forward to the future, exchanged their suggestions frankly, and put forward suggestions for solving problems, and successfully signed the "Minutes of the Meeting on the Reinforcement of the West Embankment of Nansi Lake and the Xigu River Diversion Project".Since the project is located at the junction of the two provinces of Sulu, various conflicts such as land boundary disputes are more prominent, and it is more difficult to advance.江苏省水利厅及下级水利部门主要负责人多次到济宁市、微山县水利局走访交流，联系沟通，就有关涉及边界施工和拆迁赔偿等事项进行了友好协商，达成了共识。湖西大堤的加固需拆除重建桥梁3座，接长1座，圩口闸11座，核定总投资4346万元，顺堤河开挖41.84万立方米土方，杨屯河—大沙河段的北丁官屯段623米、小四段—鹿口河段6.23公里及大孙庄路口820米堤防加固，土方28.44万立方米。按照湖西大堤与西股引河剩余工程同步实施、同步竣工、同步发挥效益的原则，分别由江苏和山东组织实施。 泥土薄墙、截渗加固。针对因边界矛盾而搁置多年的工程建设，多数资料已与原来标准不统一，许多技术人员已分散难聚等诸多实际困难，苏鲁两省政府及湖西大堤建管处及时采取应对措施，迅速组织现有骨干技术人员及原来重要参与者等，比较了解当时规划设计情况的人员，重新对工程进行了整体摸排复测。经过大量周密细致的排查，辛苦勤劳的工作，终于完成了工程的先期测量工作，并将导线桩和外围红线全部引放并校核完毕，水准点引至工程沿线。通过8台大型排水泵10余天昼夜不停的翻水后，两省水利局工程技术人员共同研究商定，在这次南四湖湖西大堤的加固工程中，首次设计采用水泥土薄墙截渗技术进行加固。此项技术是近年来水利工作者在深层搅拌桩原理基础上发展形成的一种新技术，由于此技术具有工程造价低、适应范围广、施工操作方便、工作效率高、工程效果良好等优点，目前已在长江、准河、松花江等流域得到了广泛的推广和应用。在原来堤顶高程40.30米，上级湖设计防洪水位37.5米，且堤身土质疏松、质量极度不均的基础上，采用薄墙截渗技术，墙厚220～285毫米，截渗墙进入不透水层1.0米，水泥掺入比为12%，经现场注水、室内渗透等反复试验论证，墙体渗透系数达到2×10-7～1.6×10-6厘米/秒，破坏比降大于300，满足设计要求，后经开挖验证，发现墙体完整、搅拌均匀，湖西大堤加固工程效果良好。 “先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。”为了彻底解决沿湖两岸人民群众的纷争与恶斗，消灭诸多历史遗留问题，变水害为水利，为子孙后代的和平相处创造良好条件。山东济宁、江苏徐州两市党政主要领导以这次湖西大堤加固为契机，共谋和谐发展大计。为了发展经济，化解两岸恩怨，维护苏鲁人民的安定团结，他们积极鼓励、引导沿湖人民摆脱对湖田、湖产的过度依赖，拓宽新视野、开辟新途径，走发家致富之路，从而把大部分精力投放到发展双方经济上来。 如今，微山湖西大堤的成功修筑，使沿湖两岸群众携手共进，共同谱写了苏鲁两省团结治水的新篇章。南水北调东线工程的全面启动，在苏鲁两岸人民之间架起了“友谊之桥”，两省之间微山湖地区纠纷的平息，也成为了全国解决边界纠纷的成功典范。 在黄河之水天上来，大江东去浪淘尽、千古风流人物的洪流里，我们不得不清醒地面对我国严峻的水问题。中国地大物博，气候、水文、地理等条件复杂多变，造成降水量分布北少南多，直接导致水资源北歉南丰的局面，造成了水资源在空间和时间上的分布不均，也决定了水利工程在不同地域的多样性，使得防洪工程越做规模越大、越多，维护管理要求也越来越高，再加上我国的江河流向多为从西向东，同向的分水岭在中间形成，而南北方向却缺少沟通，这不仅对农业灌溉等水资源的利用造成不便，也对曾以水路为要道的古代交通带来极大困难。因此就有了历朝历代开凿连通流域的壮举，而纵贯微山湖全湖南北的京杭运河就是这类古代重点水利工程之一。 据2008年统计的数据显示，我国年缺水总量为300亿～400亿立方米，在全国669个城市中，就有400个供水不足，110个严重缺水，年缺水量为60亿立方米。至今还有约3亿农村人口未能使用清洁饮用水。虽然中国河流众多，但水资源总量并不丰富，全国水资源总量仅为2.8万亿立方米，人均占有量更低，加上地区分布不均、水土资源不相匹配等先天不足的自然条件，有专家预计到2030年中国的人口达到高峰时，人均水资源量会缩小到仅有1750立方米，水资源紧缺形势将更为严峻。但，幸运的是，随着我们综合国力的日益增强，水利技术的不断提高，昔日的“大江东去不复回”，在今天却可以人为地让水掉转头来，任意流向人们需要的地方。 中华儿女多奇志。敢想敢做，勇于担当，是中华儿女的优秀品格。有着“万水千山只等闲”之气魄的毛泽东主席，在1952年10月第一次视察黄河时，久久凝望着滔滔黄河水，深深感动着黄河的气势磅礴，同时也担忧着黄河的桀骜不驯，继而眼角湿润。留下了一段耐人寻味的话：“你们可以藐视一切，但是不能藐视黄河。藐视黄河，就是藐视我们这个民族。”是啊，“与天奋斗，其乐无穷。与地奋斗，其乐无穷。与人奋斗，其乐无穷！”绝不能藐视我们这个勇于奋斗的中华民族；有着“万里长江横渡，极目楚天舒。不管风吹浪打，胜似闲庭信步”之豪迈情怀的毛泽东，怎肯让他的子民为“水”烦忧；“敢教日月换新天”的毛泽东，带领我们的民族与“水”斗，自然而然的想要让天地洞开、水流移步。就在别了黄河后，他提出了“南方水多，北方水少，如有可能，借点水来也是可以的”的大胆设想。沿着这一伟大构想，历届国家领导人更是把水利治理看成了重中之重的国家大事，邓小平同志曾多次视察黄河、长江，作过许多重要指示；江泽民同志曾指出“水利是农业的命脉，是国民经济的基础设施，也是国民经济和社会安定的重要保障。大力兴修水利是顺乎民心、合乎民意、造福当代、惠及子孙的伟大事业”；中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席胡锦涛在黄河花园口考察标准化堤防建设时，曾指出“要进一步把黄河的事情办好，让黄河更好地造福中华民族”，并语重心长地对当地干部说：“国家近年来加大投入力度，下大力气解决黄河堤防问题，要抓住有利时机，扎扎实实做出成效。” 都说“人心齐、泰山移”，在苏鲁两省官民同心、携手共进的基础上，我国的水利事业经过50多年的艰苦奋斗，已经具备了“南水北调”的实力和能力。本着“以人为本、人与自然和谐、以改革促发展、统筹发展、资源节约和保护、突出重点注重效益”的六项基本原则；按照给洪水以出路，河道、湖泊、枢纽、蓄滞洪区并重等科学安排，重点加强蓄滞洪区建设等防洪减灾体系中的薄弱环节等思路，极度关注“治水”的技术问题和现实问题，对江河治理作出了许多重大决策，加大了水利人才的培养力度，使治水方略不断完善。 继毛泽东提出“向南方借水”的伟大构想后，“南水北调”一词于1958年首次见于中央正式文献——《关于水利工作的指示》，文中明确指出“除了各地区进行的规划工作外，全国范围的较长远的水利规划，首先是以南水【主要指长江水系】北调为主要目的”。基于此，在七届全国人大四次会议上将南水北调正式列入“八五”计划和十年规划，并确立了“蓄调兼施，综合利用，统筹兼顾，南北两利，以有济无，以多补少，使水尽其用，地尽其利”的南水北调指导方针，并于1979年12月正式成立了南水北调规划办公室，统筹领导协调全国的南水北调工作。南水北调前期工作历时半个世纪，几代水利工作者和科技工作者呕心沥血为之奋斗，先后提出了100多个方案，最终集多种方案的优点和结晶，确定了南水北调工程的总体格局为西、中、东三条线路，分别从长江流域上、中、下游调水。而东线工程的规划实施关联着山东段的枣庄台儿庄万年闸、韩庄闸【济宁段】，经微山湖下级湖调节，通过二级坝泵站翻水至上级湖、流经长沟镇的长沟泵站，至梁济河上建的邓楼泵站，再至东平湖新湖区和柳长河，出东平湖后分两路输水：一路向北，在微山附近经隧洞穿过黄河；另一路向东，经济南输水到烟台、威海，致使南水北调东线工程全面贯通。 南水北调工程分东中西三步实施，东线工程最先动工，规划分三期实施。东线一期工程为山东段济平干渠工程，江苏段三阳河、潼河、宝应站工程，输水主干线全长达1156公里，全部输水渠道的90%将利用现有的河道和湖泊。利用江苏省已有的江水北调工程，逐步扩大调水规模并延长输水线路。首先从江都站开始，沿着400多公里的京杭运河及与其平行的河道输水干线和分干线，经江都、淮安、淮阴、泗阳、刘老涧、皂河、刘山、解台、沿湖等9个梯级，将长江水送入微山湖。 开工了，终于开工了。这项总投资近5000亿元的水利工程，终于在千百万人半个世纪的翘首期盼中开始从蓝图走向现实。这是继三峡工程之后，我国实施的又一项重大水利建设工程，这怎不令人心潮澎湃、热血沸腾！2002年12月27日，南水北调东线工程江苏段开工典礼在江苏省宝应县举行，这一刻将被人们永远铭记在心中。 “党中央、国务院从山东的实际出发，把解决我省的水资源短缺问题纳入全国水资源优化配置的大盘子来统筹考虑，优先进行山东段的建设，这是对我省的最大关怀，也是对我省的最大考验，南水北调工程寄托着全省人民的厚望，我们要精心设计、精心组织、精心施工，打好南水北调这一仗。”开工典礼上，山东省委书记、省长张高丽激动地说。根据东线工程整体规划，一期工程需在山东境内兴建七级泵站，疏浚扩挖七条河道，兴建三座调蓄水库，防渗处理和疏通两座湖泊，打通一条穿越黄河的隧洞。面对重任和压力，省委书记、省长张高丽亲自披挂坐镇指挥，山东省委、省政府成立了山东省南水北调工程建设指挥部，并组建了工程建设管理机构。 江苏是整个南水北调东线工程的起点，国家有关部委和江苏省领导出席了典礼，中共中央政治局委员、江苏省委书记回良玉为工程奠基石揭碑。江苏省水利厅厅长黄莉着重强调，江苏为搞好东线工程将着重治污工程以提高水质，并通过经济杠杆的作用，用市场机制的办法来提高用水效率，优化水资源配置。 “今天是南水北调开工的好日子，我们山东水总全体职工坚决按照党中央、国务院的要求精心施工，严格管理，把南水北调工程建成优质工程、样板工程，让党中央放心，让全国人民放心！”山东水利总公司的一位工人师傅听着200多辆施工车隆隆的轰鸣声，慷慨激昂地说。 也许有人会疑惑，南水能北调，这到底可行不可行？水利专家们肯定地回答：跨流域调水是完全可行的。那么农民们的“水观念”又是如何的呢？在没时间去江苏进行实地采访的情况下，笔者拨通了江苏一个朋友的电话，并特意让朋友将电话转给她母亲接听，当和这位60多岁的老太太交流有关“南水北调”的事情时，惊喜地听到下面的话：“听你这意思那就是说这水往后咱能控制了，这样好啊！水多了，可以叫它走；水少了，还可以让它来，从此，不光指靠着老天爷了，那以后庄稼还不得年年丰收哇！”这并不懂水利的农民老太太有着如此进步的“水观念”，也应该是让人欣喜的了。 然而，在调查中，笔者又了解到了令人担忧的一面，其实，现在社会上还存在着一种错误的认识，有些人认为只要我国成功实施了南水北调工程，那么缺水的问题就能得到解决，却意识不到要从根本上解决缺水问题，还须特别注意节水、防污、提高水的利用效率。全国政协副主席钱正英也不无担心地指出：南水北调最大的困难还不在于缺少资金，而是要提高人们的思想认识水平，我们要成为节水型的社会，首先要有配套的污水处理和节水设施，使其形成一种产业。同时南水北调工程的配套工程一定要跟上。要注意发展节水农业。还要提高工业和生活用水的重复利用率，让大家都懂得经过处理的污水也是一种资源。 事实上，就在2002年南水北调东线工程开工的前两个月，我们还从中央电视台的报道中看到了微山湖底干裂的镜头，那大片龟裂的湖底张着饥渴的嘴巴，那断航的京杭大运河犹如搁浅的蛟龙，极大地刺痛了山东人民的心。这是北方部分地区天气持续干旱，再加上一些自然生态资源遭到严重破坏产生的恶劣后果。静悄悄的微山湖不再宁静，干旱使湖区的鱼类、鸟类濒临灭绝，水产资源几乎丧失殆尽，一些世代靠打鱼为生的渔民，不得不背井离乡，弃了船到外地打工谋求生计，湖区周围的工业、农业及其相关的第三产业也都受到不同程度的影响。幸运的是国家在南水北调工程尚未实施的情况下，为解决山东省的秋季用水及抗秋旱工作，在保证黄河不断流，确保城乡生活用水，重点照顾工业和秋种用水，同时对南四湖的生态资源采取抢救性保护措施，以尽量避免栖息在这里的动物灭绝的前提下。从黄河小浪底水库调至山东8亿立方米的救命水。同时轰鸣的10台抽水泵从江苏江都泵站抽取长江水，经400余公里长途跋涉、9个梯级的逐次提升，以10立方米／秒的速度，通过山东微山县古运河水道快速注入南四湖的上级湖。昔日“接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红”的微山湖，在长江与黄河的共同滋润下迅速解决了缺水之尴尬，也为南水北调实战演练打下了坚实的基础。 微山湖是南水北调东线工程的必经之地，南水北调的水源将经微山湖流向长沟、邓楼、八里湾3个泵站后被输送到东平湖。因此微山湖水质的好坏，直接关系到南水北调东线工程的成败，而在南水北调东线工程的进程中，最大的难题就是治污。令人欣慰的是，微山湖因自身的沼泽湿地特征，既能够分解、净化环境物，又能起到“排毒”、“解毒”的功能，被人们喻为“自然之肾”，在东线水质净化中起着关键作用。因此，微山湖又成为东线工程治污的重要一环，能否想方设法保护好这颗“解毒之肾”，将关系到南水北调东线工程的是非成败。 在翻阅相关资料时，笔者发现了一个触目惊心的数字：目前，中国已成为世界上污水排放量最多的国家之一，排放总量每年高达340亿吨。而且资料中注明这个统计数字尚不包括数不胜数的乡镇企业。 340亿吨！怎不令人触目惊心？据水文专家测定，近五年来，黄河平均年径流量才达到187亿吨啊！也就是说，每年，在我国差不多就有像两条黄河一样流量的污水，从不同渠道融进江河湖海。这样的数据真的叫人胆战心惊，同时也将唤醒每一个有良知的中国人，面对“洪涝灾害、干旱缺水、水土流失和水污染严重”等四大水问题时，一定要在防止水对人伤害的同时，加倍关注人对水的伤害。 在南水北调东线工程中，大家最关注的也是最关键的仍然是水质问题。因为南水北调东线工程涉及南四湖、东平湖、沂沭河、小清河、省辖海河五大流域，10个地级市，输水干线487公里，流域面积达5.7万平方公里。要达到调水水质Ⅲ类标准，需要削减污染物80%以上，任务非常艰巨。一些专家、学者对东线治污成效问题有着深深的担忧，特别是对山东的水污染治理缺乏信心。因此，国家发展与改革委员会牵头组织环保总局、水利部、建设部等部门，把治污作为东线第一期工程建设的重点，按照“先治污、后通水”的原则，与东线涉及到的江苏、山东、河南、河北、天津等省【直辖市】联合研究，历时一年，并最终形成了《南水北调东线治污规划》。规划表明：保证调到北方的水水质良好，符合国家地表水Ⅲ类水质标准。希望在3～5年内把东线工程建成一条全线输水水质达Ⅲ类标准为目标的清水廊道。 曾经，由于微山湖流域面积广、入湖河流多的特点，一度遭到部分外来客水的污染，给治污带来一定的困难。而在南水北调东线工程进程中，微山湖不仅有水库的调蓄作用，更起着净化南水北调水质的作用。这给作为重要蓄水区的微山湖治污带来了新的机遇。山东省也以此为契机，决定从2005年起，实施【两湖及省辖淮河流域】“两湖一河”碧水行动计划，身为湿地保护其中之一的微山湖，也对外来项目喊出了“有污染别来”、“不达标就停”、“重环保优先”三句话，借力加快实施国家级生态示范区建设。 抛却洪荒无情，水又总是浪漫地与“蒹葭”、“伊人”联系在一起，曾有诗云：“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方。”这浪漫的诗篇，令人自然而然想起湖边那莽莽苍苍的芦苇丛随风摇曳的情景，却很少有人细究这“蒹葭”到底是不是单纯的指芦苇？事实上，通过植物专家们的研究，那因营造了美丽飘渺意境而被千古传唱的“苍苍蒹葭”，实际上只是像芦苇的一种植物而并非真正的芦苇，它确切的名字应该叫做“芦竹”，也被人习惯性地称作荻芦竹、江苇、旱地芦苇等。它只是和芦苇同属“禾本科”，是芦苇与竹子杂交生成的一种非木材纤维原料。芦竹外形粗壮、茎秆挺拔，叶片鲜绿，酷似竹子，系多年生草本植物。不但有着超强的繁殖能力，还是优良的造纸原料，不仅造出的纸张质量好，生产环节也非常环保。因此微山湖沿岸为保护湿地、净化水质而引种的大面积芦竹，也将给当地百姓带来收益。如今，失去抗日战争时期那浩浩荡荡芦苇荡的微山湖，正在借力恢复往昔旖旎动人的湿地风光。 据了解，被国家纳入南水北调东线工程治污总体规划的南四湖湿地水质净化工程，国家计划投入5.75亿元的资金，力求2010年能将被破坏的38万亩湿地全部恢复原貌。而山东省在规划南水北调东线工程的水质保护及城市污水处理措施时，决定首先利用生态方法解决污染问题，迅速在微山湖沿岸启动推行“退耕还湿”机制，把以前围湖而造的湖田再还原为湿地。2005年始，从南方引进湿地作物——芦竹，同本地的莲藕、杞柳、蒲草、芡实等湿地作物，迅速在苏、鲁、豫、皖四省32个市【区、县】的47条入微山湖口处推广种植，以达到充分利用湿地植物的解毒功效，有效地清除污水中的“毒素”、净化水质的目的。目前仅山东境内就有近4000亩的“湿地水质净化试验基地