Chapter 9 Chapter 9 "Fight against Foreigners"? "Anne"?Interpretation of Chiang agreement finally finalized
★Song brothers and sisters were the first to launch the Peaceful Rescue Chiang Movement.Song Meiling resisted all opinions and appointed Duanna as an envoy to Xi'an to build a bridge of communication. Duanna met Chiang Kai-shek in person, which hindered the crusade faction's war launch, and the reconciliation took a turn for the better.
★Song Ziwen took on the mission of negotiating representatives with Xi'an in his private capacity, met Chiang Kai-shek, met Zhang and Yang, contacted Zhou Enlai, and conveyed the sincerity of peace in Xi'an.Song Ziwen played an important role in resolving the incident through negotiations between Nanjing and Xi'an
★Song Meiling led a team to Xi'an, and the negotiations between Chiang Kai-shek, Zhang, Yang and the Communist Party of China officially started, and the peaceful resolution of the Xi'an Incident finally dawned
★The negotiation is coming to an end, Song and Zhang expressed their satisfaction.But Yang still had doubts, Zhou Enlai and Chiang Kai-shek had talks, and finally made peace
After Chiang Kai-shek was detained, after the first few days of Jiang's stubborn resistance and Zhang and Yang's reasonable and restrained struggle, and the subsequent powerful intervention and guidance of the representatives of the Chinese Communist Party.After several times of "crusade" by the pro-Japanese faction of the Nanjing National Government and the joint response of Zhang, Yang, and the Communist Party of China, and due to the efforts of insightful people in the Nanjing National Government, international public opinion called for a peaceful solution to the incident, and domestic calls for resistance to Japan In an environment where opposition to civil war has gradually become the mainstream voice, the peaceful resolution of the Xi'an Incident has finally become the dominant understanding of all parties concerned.
However, how to achieve a peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident is still a difficult process.
★Song brothers and sisters were the first to launch the Peaceful Rescue Chiang Movement.Song Meiling resisted all opinions and appointed Duanna as an envoy to Xi'an to build a bridge of communication. Duanna met Chiang Kai-shek in person, which hindered the crusade faction's war launch, and the reconciliation took a turn for the better.
Duan Na, a messenger sent by Song Meiling, flew from Xi'an to Luoyang on December 15, and then called Nanjing to report to Song Meiling about his meeting with Chiang Kai-shek and Zhang Xueliang.Before leaving, he called the Nanjing National Government in Xi'an, and reported that Chiang was very safe in Xi'an, and Zhang and Yang had absolutely no intention of harming Chiang Kai-shek; if nothing unexpected happened, the incident could be resolved within a few days.In Luoyang, Duanna had several phone conversations with Soong Meiling, focusing on Zhang and Yang's goodwill in launching a military remonstrance, Jiang's own safety, and the bright prospect of a peaceful resolution of the incident.Regarding the content of the call, Song Meiling recorded the following in her "Memoirs of the Xi'an Incident":
On Tuesday (December 15), Yu suddenly received a long-distance call from Luoyang from Duanna, which really surprised Yu.Gai Duanna took the risk of bad weather and flew to Luoyang in the morning to report the truth about Xi'an to me directly. He described the overall situation in short words, saying that the chairman of the committee was not treated harshly.After Tuanna arrived, the chairman had agreed to move into a more comfortable house. At this time, the chairman had a conversation with Zhang Xueliang for the first time, but his anger was still there. Zhang expressed his decision to go to Beijing with the chairman.Gai admitted that although his actions were wrong, his motives were indeed pure; Zhang hoped that Yu would go to Xi'an, and he also hoped that Minister Kong would accompany him... Then he said that the chairman of the committee insisted that Yu not go to Xi'an.Yu asked Duanna to come to Beijing tomorrow, and Duanna said that Chairman Bi and Zhang would return to Xi'an on the same day.However, the bad weather is not conducive to flying, and it is decided to return to Xi'an in the morning, so the trip to Beijing is difficult.Yu Yin told the military chief that he had decided to attack Xi'an immediately, and it might be dangerous for him to return to Xi'an.And asked him to tell the chairman of the committee the truth.Duan Nafu said that although he could not come to Beijing, Elder, Zhang Xueliang's confidant, left Shaanxi on the same plane as him, and flew to Beijing tomorrow morning, so he could tell the story in detail face to face.
In the evening, I made a long-distance call to tell Duanna again. Minister Kong refused to fly to Shaanxi because of the doctor's insistence. Kuang Kong, acting as the acting chief executive, was really difficult to resign. Because Duanna was asked to ask the other party's opinion, can Song Ziwen or Gu Zhutong be replaced? , and told all parties to stop me from making the trip, and then I decided to fly to Shaanxi.
On Wednesday morning, Yu Chengduanna called Zhang Xueliang again before he set off. Yu told Duanna to tell Zhang Xueliang that if he was unwilling to create a brutal national disaster, he should immediately escort the chairman back to Beijing, and please leave Yu in the same place as he is now. I reported my situation to the Chairman, detailing Yu's efforts to prevent the war.
Song Meiling also asked Duan Na on the phone to return to Beijing immediately after going to Xi'an to complete the above-mentioned matters, otherwise his life would be in danger, and asked him to tell Chiang Kai-shek to try to prevent He Yingqin's military action.Kong Xiangxi, who was beside Song Meiling at that time, took over the microphone and talked with Duanna. He asked Duanna to tell Zhang Xueliang that if he wanted to save himself and the country, he should escort the Chairman to Taiyuan by plane and restore his freedom. If he could do so, nothing would be punished .
The above-mentioned phone calls between Duan Na and Song and Kong quickly conveyed the information that Chiang Kai-shek was still alive to the outside world.This gave great encouragement to those who advocated a peaceful rescue of Chiang Kai-shek, and at the same time brought certain pressure on He Yingqin who had ulterior motives.He Yingqin said: "The end accepting the call is really catering to Xi'an. If you want to lure Confucius and Song Dynasty into Shaanxi, there will be one more pawnbroker, so as to strengthen their negotiating power."
Under the pressure of the main combat faction, at 9 am on the 16th, Sun Ke presided over the 30th meeting of the Kuomintang Central Political Conference, and 26 members attended the meeting.At the meeting, He Yingqin and others unanimously called for the battle and fast, advocating to surround the city of Xi'an all the way.Feng Yuxiang and Kong Xiangxi objected in every possible way, but the "punishment faction" was so numerous that they refused to budge.Kong Xiangxi had no choice but to settle for the next best thing, emphasizing that even if the "crusade" is ordered, it should be slowed down, and a strategy of "simultaneous military and political development" should be adopted.He Yingqin could not refute this.Because Kong Xiangxi is the acting dean of the administration, he naturally has the responsibility to think about it from the "political" point of view. As for the "military", naturally Kong has nothing to say.Thus, the two factions finally reached a compromise.The meeting passed three resolutions:
1. He Yingqin was promoted as the commander-in-chief of the rebel army, and he quickly commanded the central army to attack Xi'an.
2. The National Government ordered the "crusade" against Zhang and Yang.
3. Yu You was appointed as the "Northwest Propaganda and Consolation Envoy", and went northward to isolate Zhang and Yang to disintegrate and disintegrate.
The resolution passed at this meeting actually enabled He Yingqin to control the military power of the Kuomintang for the first and last time in his life regardless of Chiang Kai-shek.After the meeting, He Yingqin appointed Liu Zhi and Gu Zhutong as the commanders of the East and West Army Groups of the Rebel Army, and held the so-called "White Clothes Pledge", saying that he would "supervise the three armies and point to the sun and the west" to "sweep the rebellion."
He Yingqin mobilized a total of more than a dozen divisions to attack Xi'an along both sides of Longhai Road.On the other side, they entered Shangluo from Tongguan and seized Lantian; advanced from Tianshui to Baoji and Fengxiang; moved from Wuzhong in Ningxia to Guyuan and Pingliang.The general reserve team assembled near Tongguan.In order to cooperate with the army's operations, He Yingqin ordered the air force to take off from Luoyang Airport and bomb Xi'an.Because Song Meiling and others were afraid of "burning jade and stone together", they resolutely opposed the direct bombing of Xi'an, so as not to kill Chiang Kai-shek.He Yingqin had to order the Air Force to only bomb Weinan, Fuping, Sanyuan County and Chishui Station, with the intention of threatening Xi'an by force.
As a direct result of He Yingqin's "crusade" order, more than a thousand houses in Weinan County and near Chishui Station were bombed, killing and injuring hundreds of residents.The vanguard of the Central Army also fought against Yang Hucheng's 17th Route Army in Hua County.
Song Meiling later recalled the situation after the crusade order was issued: "The military to the west of Tongguan has already been launched. Fortunately, the planes were blocked by snow and could not go beyond Huashan to bomb Xi'an. However, all places along the road between Luoyang and the mountains were bombed. There are too many to count, and it can be guaranteed that none of the group of planes will fly west to drop bombs on Xi'an through the snow."
At this time, Zhang and Yang's troops were ready for a decisive battle with the Central Army.According to the prior agreement, the Red Army immediately stationed in Fushi (Yan'an) to support Zhang and Yang's deployment with force.
Facing the severe military situation, Song Meiling urgently ordered Duanna to fly to Xi'an again, and asked Chiang Kai-shek to stop attacking and bombing Xi'an.Duan Na and Zhang Xueliang met Chiang Kai-shek together.Duan Na relayed Song Meiling's opinion to Chiang Kai-shek.Zhang Xueliang said to Chiang Kai-shek: "We have good intentions for you. He Yingqin invaded Tongguan, deceiving people too much! If we want to fight, we will fight him. If we want to bomb, then we don't know whether it will hit me or you." At this time, Chiang Kai-shek began to consider the suggestions of Song Meiling, Duan Na and Zhang Xueliang.Before that, he had hoped that He Yingqin would give Zhang and Yang a little bit of strength, but he was afraid of being caught in the water.After hearing the message from Duan Na that He Yingqin had ulterior motives, he still thought that although He had plans, it might not be as sinister as Song Meiling and Duan Na had guessed.But the sound of plane bombing that was getting closer made Chiang Kai-shek start to wake up.
Chiang Kai-shek is Chiang Kai-shek. Although he knew that He Yingqin's crusade might endanger his life, he could not accept the suggestion from his subordinate Zhang Xueliang who "committed rebellion".Zhang Xueliang saw through his psychology, and found Jiang Baili out of the consideration of finding him a step down.
That night, Jiang Baili, who was then an advisor to the Military Commission of the Nanjing National Government, appeared at Chiang Kai-shek's residence.Jiang Baili is a famous military theorist. He had just returned from an investigation in Europe and the United States. On the second day in Xi'an, he caught up with the Xi'an Incident and joined the ranks of detained Nanjing officials.
Jiang Baili is different from other detained officials. He has no party or affiliation, and his stand is "detached". .Later, when he heard on the radio that Nanjing suddenly issued a "punishment order" without knowing the truth, he was very disapproving.Therefore, Zhang Xueliang chose him to mediate between Zhang and Jiang.
Jiang Baili said to Chiang Kai-shek: The situation in Xi'an has now turned for the better, but the "Central Army" stepped up its offensive, approached Tongguan, and sent planes to bomb, which made the problem more complicated.Although the Chairman is not afraid of sacrificing himself for the country, the people in the Northwest are trapped in the Soviet Union and have been bombed continuously. In consideration of the interests of the people, they should leave a little room for maneuver and preserve some vitality for the country.It is hoped that the Chairman of the General Assembly will send a letter to the central military authorities, telling them that you will soon leave Shaanxi and return to Beijing, and order Nanjing to suspend the attack. First of all, the bombing must be stopped, such as stopping the bombing for 7 days, so as to allow some time to deal with the matter.
Chiang Kai-shek was waiting for such a step. He said slowly: "This is not easy to do. If there is a minimum time limit for sending Yu back to Beijing, then Yu can send a letter asking him to suspend the bombing for three days. If they demand a truce, the central government may be able to see the letter; if it is necessary to suspend the war for 7 days according to what they said, it will be a measure to delay the army.
Although Chiang Kai-shek did not fully agree to Jiang Baili's request, he agreed to Jiang Baili's suggestion that he should issue a truce warrant and send someone to transfer the truce warrant to Nanjing.
At this time, Zhang Xueliang received a report from the front and forwarded it to Jiang: "Clashes have begun in the front. The Central Army is confronting Yang Hucheng's troops in Hua County. If the attack continues, the troops here can only retreat." Zhang Xueliang's " The word "retreat" shocked Chiang Kai-shek greatly. He suspected that Zhang Xueliang's "retreat" was to hold him elsewhere. This was what he was most afraid of.This is what Soong Meiling in Nanjing feared the most, such as going to the defense area of the Red Army, to the defense area of Xinjiang... Soong Meiling felt that Chiang Kai-shek's life would be even more dangerous if that happened.
Zhang Xueliang's words accelerated the speed at which Chiang Kai-shek issued the truce order.Chiang Kai-shek agreed to issue a truce warrant, and also agreed that Jiang Dingwen would send his warrant to Nanjing.
Selecting Jiang Dingwen to go to Nanjing to pass on Chiang Kai-shek's warrant, Zhang Xueliang discussed with Jiang Baili for a long time.They analyzed that in view of the tense relationship between Xi'an and Nanjing, it is necessary to send a person who can accept Nanjing; Nanjing's military power is controlled by He Yingqin, and this person must be able to talk to He Yingqin, at least why not feel disgusted; Nanjing is currently the most hostile. Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng, the relationship between this person and Zhang and Yang should not be too harmonious.According to these three criteria, the two agreed that Jiang Dingwen was the most suitable.Jiang Dingwen himself was also happy with this trip. He said: As long as it is beneficial to the overall situation, any mission is welcome.
At 9 a.m. on the 17th, Zhang Xueliang and Jiang Dingwen met Jiang together.Chiang Kai-shek immediately wrote the following order to He Yingqin:
Dear my brother: I heard that the Air Force bombed Weinan yesterday, and hope to stop it immediately.From a closer look, Zhong can return to Beijing before this Saturday.Therefore, before Saturday and Sunday, there must be no conflicts, and it is necessary to stop the bombing immediately.Shun Song Rong Zhi.
Zhongzheng raised his hand.
December 17
After Chiang Kai-shek decided to issue a truce warrant, Duan Na called Song Meiling on the night of the 16th to report the news.Song Meiling quickly reported to He Yingqin.But He Yingqin didn't intend to stop the fight. He guessed that the chairman had to give in to Zhang Xueliang's pressure and did it as a last resort, not the original intention of the chairman.Therefore, he decided that the military operations could not be stopped, and he could not accept any order from Xi'an before the chairman left Xi'an. Even if it was confirmed that the order came from the chairman, it could not prove the original intention of the chairman.
Sure enough, Jiang Dingwen left Xi'an by plane at noon on the 17th. On the morning of the 18th, when he was carrying Chiang Kai-shek's warrant and was about to board the plane in Luoyang and fly to Nanjing, he heard that the bombers of the "Central Army" were flying in the direction of Sanyuan.Jiang Dingwen immediately called He Yingqin in Nanjing: "When Wenzheng was preparing to take off, he heard that the air force had bombed Sanyuan, and another incident occurred. The committee issued a warrant to stop all bombing conflicts, and hope that the entire army and air force will comply with the order."
After Jiang Dingwen arrived in Nanjing at noon, he went straight to He Yingqin and handed over Chiang Kai-shek's warrant to He Yingqin himself.At the same time, Jiang Dingwen called on various important officials of the Nanjing Nationalist Government separately, explaining that the Xi'an Incident was not as rumored by Wai Wen.He "sincerely advises not to allow the rift between Nanjing and Xi'an to deepen, and it is better to stop the abusive radio broadcasts and malicious newspaper comments."At this time, He Yingqin and others had no choice but to obey Chiang Kai-shek's truce order, and ordered to suspend the bombing before 6 pm on the 19th.
★Song Ziwen took on the mission of negotiating with Xi'an in his private capacity and met Chiang Kai-shek.He met with Zhang and Yang, contacted Zhou Enlai, and publicized Xi'an's peace and sincerity.Song Ziwen played an important role in resolving the incident through negotiations between Nanjing and Xi'an
Due to Chiang Kai-shek's truce, the peace negotiations gained precious 3 days.However, there was no consensus within the Nanjing Nationalist Government as to who would be the negotiator in Xi'an.Zhang Xueliang invited Kong Xiangxi and Soong Meiling, but Kong Xiangxi is the acting dean of the administration and the head of state administration. In He Yingqin's words, he cannot go to Xi'an to negotiate with "rebels"; and Soong Meiling is the first lady, so he cannot "take himself as a hostage" , "It only makes the rebels have one more excuse to blackmail my husband", and they can't go to Xi'an.Kong Xiangxi and Song Meiling had no choice but to call Song Ziwen in Shanghai urgently, asking Song Ziwen to go to Shaanxi on his behalf.Song Ziwen and Zhang Xueliang have been friends for many years, and they have a very good relationship. Politically, they both advocated resistance to Japan, so Song was very willing to go to Xi'an to run for peace.After receiving the call, he immediately left Shanghai for the south.
He Yingqin still opposed Song Ziwen's trip to Xi'an.His reason was: Song Ziwen was an executive member of the Kuomintang Central Committee, a member of the Standing Committee of the National Economic Commission, and a government official. Government officials went to Xi'an to negotiate with "rebels", which violated the "discipline" of the country and damaged the dignity of the government.At this time, Song Ziwen suggested that it was inappropriate to go in an official capacity and go in a private capacity.Song told He Yingqin: "I am going as a civilian who does not hold public office, not a soldier!" The implication is that you, He Yingqin, can't control me.At Song Meiling's request, He Yingqin reluctantly agreed with Song Ziwen to go to Xi'an.
Among those who opposed Song Ziwen's trip to Xi'an, Dai Jitao was one of the most resolute.Song Ziwen specifically asked him for an argument, and after earnestly explaining the reason why he should go to Xi'an for negotiations, he made it clear: "You shouldn't make such a strong proposition." Dai Jitao said: "My relationship with Chiang Kai-shek is by no means inferior to that of Jiang Jieshi. You relatives. To be honest, my method is also to save him. I have no objection to your personal dealings with Zhang Xueliang to save Chiang Kai-shek. "This is actually a default that Song Ziwen can use his personal qualifications to negotiate in Xi'an.
So, on the afternoon of the 19th, a meeting was held in Kong Xiangxi's residence, attended by He Yingqin, Ju Zheng, Sun Ke, Ye Chulan, Song Ziwen, Wang Chonghui, Song Meiling and others, to discuss the issue of Song Ziwen's going to Xi'an.The meeting made two decisions:
1. Ziwen, member of the Zhun Song Dynasty, flew to Xi'an on the same day in private to rescue Chiang Kai-shek;
2. It is allowed to temporarily stop bombing until December 22 (Yangri), but Zhang Yang's troops are not allowed to move south during this period: if the rebellious troops are still advancing towards Weinan in Xi'an, our air force will bomb the operational troops immediately. This is the last tolerance.However, our army's concentrated reconnaissance and attack preparations still need to be actively carried out without delay.
These two resolutions were ordered to be implemented by the frontline generals on the same day, and Ziwen flew to Shaanxi to inform Zhang Yang on the same day.
These two resolutions are an important sign that the peace faction has gained the upper hand.It not only confirmed Song Ziwen's qualifications as a negotiating representative, but also exceeded the time limit stipulated in Chiang Kai-shek's warrant and won another 3 days for peace talks.After the meeting, Song Ziwen immediately took the opportunity to leave Nanjing and fly to the northwest.He was accompanied by his secretaries Chen Kangqi, Chen Fengyi and the 17th Route Army Counselor Guo Zengkai.
Guo Zengkai had a close relationship with Song Ziwen, and was wrongly arrested and imprisoned in Nanjing during the "incident".Song Zao wanted to save him, but he had no chance.This time to do Yang Hucheng's work, Song Ziwen released Guo from prison.They lived in Luoyang that night and flew to Xi'an at 10 am on the 20th.At this time, Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng and Duan Na were already waiting at the airport.
Song Ziwen first asked Zhang Xueliang about the intention of the Xi'an Incident and some situations after the incident.Zhang Xueliang clearly stated to Song that the Northeast Army, the 17th Route Army, and the Red Army had decided to adopt a policy of peaceful settlement. As long as Chiang Kai-shek agreed to the eight propositions required by the "Double Twelve" telegram, the three parties agreed to release Chiang and return to Beijing.Zhang Xueliang also told Song Ziwen that Xi'an had already drawn up the conditions for negotiations with Nanjing, and he hoped that Song would persuade Chiang Kai-shek to stop the civil war and unite to resist Japan.Afterwards, Zhang Xueliang and Duan Na accompanied Song Ziwen to Chiang Kai-shek's "imprisonment place" - Gao Guizi Mansion, and met Chiang Kai-shek.After a while of pleasantries, Zhang Xueliang and Duan Na withdrew, and Song Ziwen was allowed to meet with Chiang Kai-shek alone. This was the first senior official of the Nanjing Nationalist Government who received such treatment after the incident except Zhang Xueliang.
Song's sudden arrival surprised Chiang Kai-shek.Soong Ziwen handed two personal letters from Soong Meiling and Kong Xiangxi to Jiang.
Jiang first read Song Meiling's letter.Song said in the letter: "If Ziwen doesn't return to Beijing within three days, he will come to live and die with you!" After reading this, Chiang Kai-shek couldn't help wiping away tears.
Jiang read Kong Xiangxi's letter again.The letter wrote: "When I heard the news of the incident in Shanghai, I was very anxious. I immediately helped the sick and returned to Beijing with my third sister. Originally, I planned to go to Shaanxi Province with my third sister for TV. Si Wenzun didn't want my third sister to go, but my younger brother took the central government as an example. It was decided that before my brother returned to Beijing, he would temporarily take over the affairs of the court, but it was unsuccessful and he had no regrets, so the third sister of Shang sent Duanna to fly to Shanxi to wait for my brother. According to Ziluo's report, my brother lived in a comfortable life, and then When I was anxious, I began to feel more comforted. Brother Jing is in charge of the military administration for the time being, and my brother handles all the affairs of the political academy. I should follow my brother's established strategy and proceed as usual. Fortunately, I did not hesitate to give advice so that I can follow it... Brother Yin Wen For the convenience of going to Shaanxi, the special purchase system will be ordered several times, and the machine will be attached, and I will pray for it.”
Chiang Kai-shek did not express any opinion on the situation in Nanjing reported by Kong Xiangxi. He was silent for a while, and said to Song Ziwen that only by organizing a military attack quickly can he be out of danger.In this way, he told Song Ziwen the strategy of the military offensive one by one, and asked Song to pass it on to He Yingqin after returning to Beijing.Jiang was still worried about the safety at this time, so he insisted on Song Ziwen: Don't let Song Meiling come.
After Song Ziwen visited Chiang Kai-shek, he called Guo Zengkai, who had a close relationship with Yang Hucheng, and asked him to do Yang Hucheng's work.After Guo Zengkai met with Yang Hucheng, he conveyed Yang's oral message to Song: "The military remonstrance is only to stop the civil war and lead the resistance against Japan, and he will not be killed." Song Ziwen was very happy to learn about Yang's attitude.
Song Ziwen did not expect that Zhou Enlai had already arrived in Xi'an.He said to Guo Zengkai: "When Zhou Enlai comes, things will be difficult."Guo Zengkai said: "Zhou Enlai is a key figure. No matter what his views are, you should talk to him." He also said that the Communist Party has always advocated unity and resistance against Japan and issued a manifesto long ago. Why not give it a try?If the CCP and our opinions can agree, the work of Generals Zhang and Yang will be easier to start.Song Ziwen still had concerns about meeting with Zhou. What he worried about was that once he contacted the CCP, he would be caught by He Yingqin.However, the weight of Zhou Enlai and the CCP on the issue of releasing Chiang Kai-shek forced him to make a statement, so Song appointed Guo Zengkai to go to the Zhang Mansion in Jinjiaxiang to meet Zhou Enlai.
The arrival of Song Ziwen also made Zhou Enlai very happy. Zhou realized that Song Ziwen's mission to Xi'an might make the incident peacefully resolved according to the plan jointly agreed by Zhang, Yang and the CCP.Therefore, he spared no effort to urge all parties to contact Song Ziwen as much as possible, and he himself hoped to have the opportunity to do Song work face to face.Zhou Enlai was very happy to see Guo Zengkai, the representative sent by Song Ziwen. He told Guo Zengkai: "The CCP did not participate in this incident, and advocated peace for the incident. I hope Song Ziwen will recognize the situation, weigh the interests, and persuade Chiang Kai-shek to change the national policy and make a contribution for the country. Contribute." Zhou Enlai also said: "As long as Mr. Jiang resists the Japanese, the Communist Party should go all out and call on the whole country to support the Nationalist Government and form an anti-Japanese national united front."
After the meeting, Guo Zengkai conveyed the opinions of the CCP and Zhou Enlai to Song.Song Ziwen never expected that the Communist Party, regardless of the past, advocated a peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident.He appreciated the attitude of the CCP and Zhou Enlai very much, and said that he would arrange a meeting with Zhou Enlai as soon as possible.
In the evening, Song Ziwen and Zhang Xueliang met Chiang Kai-shek again.Zhang Xueliang said to Jiang: "It is best for us to discuss this issue now and decide which plan to follow, so that we can take advantage of Mr. Song's presence and resolve the current situation as soon as possible." Chiang Kai-shek still rejected Zhang Xueliang's suggestion, saying: " Unless you allow me to go back to Nanjing, otherwise, there is nothing to talk about." In this way, Zhang Xueliang withdrew from Jiang's residence, leaving Song Ziwen to continue to discuss the solution with Jiang.Chiang still insisted that no conditions would be accepted under duress and that a military solution was the only way forward.Song pointed out to Chiang "the danger of the situation, saying that military success does not guarantee the preservation of his life. Even if Xi'an is occupied, they can still retreat to the bordering common area, but the country will be divided and civil wars will break out. His life The fate of the entire country is at stake, not just one person's business."
Through contacts with Zhang, Yang, and the CCP in just one day, including understanding Chiang Kai-shek’s opinions, Song Ziwen made the following judgment on the situation in Xi’an:
1. This campaign was not only launched by Zhang and Yang, but also received the unanimous support of all officers and soldiers.In order to unite Zhang and Yang, many people in Nanjing planned and hoped to separate the two. This is not only impossible, but also full of serious dangers.
2. The combination of Zhang, Yang and the two armies of the Chinese Communist Party will become a formidable group. With the current strength and favorable terrain, they can completely hold on to the battlefield for several months under the condition of the same goal.
3. The CCP has unreservedly linked fate with Zhang and Yang Wei.
According to this, Song Ziwen is no longer "constantly oscillating between military and political solutions" as before he came to Xi'an, and has begun to firmly believe that "the only way to save China can only be through political solutions."Although it was still difficult for him to determine "what kind of political solution is feasible", he decided to start with the following points:
1. Mrs. Jiang should be allowed to come to Xi'an to take care of the chairman and change his attitude of resignation to fate.
2. Dai Yunong came to Xi'an on behalf of the Huangpu faction to personally observe the situation here.
3. Send a general to Xi'an to deal with possible military problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, Song Ziwen changed his previous plan and only stayed in Xi'an for one day before returning to Nanjing at noon on the 21st.During the turning point in Luoyang, Song published a personal letter to Zhang Xueliang, asking Zhang to release Chiang Kai-shek.As a reply to Song Ziwen's letter, Xi'an's "Liberation Daily" also published a comment on "Admonish Song Ziwen" on the same day.This comment affirms Song Ziwen's anti-Japanese attitude and actions, and expresses welcome and respect for his trip to Xi'an.At the same time, he raised three hopes for Song Ziwen:
First, "Mr. Song's personal visit to the Northwest this time will definitely give him a good understanding of the 'Double Twelve' Zhang and General Yang's motives for saving the nation, and the true anti-Japanese sentiment of the people in the Northwest. We sincerely hope that Mr. Song, in the future After leaving Shaanxi, he was able to bring the true will of the people in the Northwest and the news of their fervent salvation to Beijing and Shanghai, and spread it to the people of the whole country."
Second, "I hope that Mr. Song will pay more attention to the wishes of the people and the future of the whole country, stand on the standpoint of national liberation, and assist the national salvation movement in the Northwest; In the shortest possible time, convene a meeting to save the country, establish a revolutionary government based on popular opinion, and launch a nationwide war of resistance against Japan.”
Third, after the outbreak of the Xi'an Incident, the Nanjing Nationalist Government used powerful broadcasting power to transmit fallacious and reactionary speeches to countries all over the world, "raping the opinions of the masses, and wantonly attacking the two generals Zhang Yang and Zhang Yang."It is hoped that Song Ziwen, "driven by justice and for the sake of the future of the Chinese nation, will immediately rise up and be responsible for correction."
This comment once again publicly expressed Xi'an's attitude towards a peaceful resolution of the incident.Judging from the later developments, in fact, Song Ziwen also objectively reflected the situation in Xi'an to Nanjing following the train of thought of this review.
After Song Ziwen returned to Nanjing, he immediately reported to Kong Xiangxi and Song Meiling what he had seen and heard during his trip to Xi'an.He publicized that Chiang Kai-shek was safe in Xi'an, praised Zhou Enlai's selfless attitude in seeking affairs for the country, and said: "Who in Nanjing takes such a risk to rescue Chiang Kai-shek? On the contrary, there are still people who want to bomb." The arrogance of the pro-Japanese faction.On a social occasion, Song Ziwen met Dr. Xu Gesen, the British ambassador to China, and said to him: "Now that the war of resistance is decided, you can lend me 10 million pounds!" Xu Gesen said that he was very willing to help China in the war of resistance.In this way, it undoubtedly gave support to the Anglo-American faction in the center of the Kuomintang.
Duan Na also helped Song Ziwen publicize Xi'an's sincerity for reconciliation.He volunteered to be interviewed by reporters, telling the media: "There is hope for the early release of the Generalissimo, but some dire obstacles remain to be overcome. General Yang Hucheng's attitude is a big problem. His army controls the city of Xi'an, so Chiang Kai-shek's fate It's in their hands... Winning General Yang and his men is more difficult than dealing with Zhang Xueliang because General Yang and his army hold a more radical and uncompromising view. Besides, General Yang's army has lax discipline, Very unreliable."
Duan Na also told reporters in Beijing that Zhang Xueliang’s original intention of initiating the Xi’an Incident was to sincerely ask the government to adopt a tougher foreign policy. The Xi’an Incident was not a traitorous incident, but Zhang Xueliang’s patriotic action.
Duanna told reporters that although the chairman has repeatedly declared that in the current state of being imprisoned, it is futile to try to find any specific way to solve the problem.However, Chiang Kai-shek and Zhang Xueliang had agreed in principle on many controversial issues.
The propaganda of Song Ziwen and Duan Na played an important role in promoting the peace talks between the Nanjing Nationalist Government and Xi'an.
At the next high-level meeting held in Nanjing, Song Ziwen reported the situation in Xi'an and proposed a peaceful solution to the incident.Song Meiling agreed with Song Ziwen's suggestion. She believed that the most critical hurdle had been passed, and now it was time for her to mediate between opposing parties.Needless to say, both sides think they are right, and without her influence, especially the Chairman, I am afraid that he will not listen to the other side.Song Meiling said: Since the Xi’an Incident, the situation has been like building a house. Duanna’s trip to Xi’an laid the foundation for the house, and Song Ziwen’s trip to Xi’an built the walls. Now I need my trip to Xi’an to build a new house. It is my inescapable responsibility to cover the roof and complete the last process.The meeting adopted Song Ziwen's suggestion and decided that on December 22, Soong Meiling, along with Song Ziwen, Jiang Dingwen, Duan Na, and Dai Li, would go to Xi'an for face-to-face negotiations with Zhang Xueliang and others.The deadline is still 3 days.
★Song Meiling led a team to Xi'an.The negotiations between Chiang Kai-shek, Zhang, Yang and the CCP officially started, and the peaceful resolution of the Xi'an Incident finally dawned
Song Meiling and her party took two planes and flew to Luoyang on the morning of the 22nd, and then transferred to Xi'an.At Luoyang Airport, Soong Ching Ling saw with her own eyes that the bombers were parked in a row, and the combat troops were ready to go. The cloud of war was invisible in her heart.She summoned the generals of the central army stationed in Luoyang alone, ordered the army to stop attacking Xi'an, and strictly instructed Mao Bangchu, commander of the Luoyang Air Force: "Don't send planes to fly close to Xi'an without the order of the chairman."
At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, the landline flew over Xi'an. Soong Meiling was very nervous, so she took out a pistol from her bag and handed it to Duan Na, saying: "In case of an army mutiny that cannot be controlled", use this gun to kill me. Without hesitation."After the shutdown, Zhang Xueliang first boarded the plane to greet him.Song Meiling asked Zhang "Don't let my subordinates search my luggage", Zhang replied in horror: "Yu An dare to come out here."
In fact, the Song brothers and sisters were received very politely and warmly by Zhang and Yang.At Xi'an Airport, Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng and others were waiting here to greet them.There are also soldiers of the Northeast Army wearing sheepskin caps holding high torches and forming a circle around them to show welcome.
At this time, all the people participating in the negotiations in Nanjing were present.Soong Meiling walked in front. In order to resist the cold wind in winter, she was fully dressed from head to toe. The black scarf also covered her face, revealing only two big and bright eyes.It also underscores the inner tension she doesn't want to show.She bears the heavy responsibility of the behind-the-scenes conductor of the negotiation, and she only steps in when there are irreconcilable issues.Song Ziwen, on the other hand, wore a black bearskin hat with ears because he had gained weight in recent years, and his chubby face was full of tiredness.He is the main executor of this negotiation.Beside him stood the grey-haired, melancholy Tanner.Then came the well-dressed and intimidating Dai Li.
Behind the negotiators, followed by a group of guards carrying suitcases of different sizes.The luggage brought by the Song brothers and sisters was exempted from the inspection procedure, and only the pistol carried by Dai Li was discovered by Li Tiancai and confiscated.
The last two people to get off the plane were Song Meiling's maid and chef.
Song Meiling went to Zhang's mansion for a short rest, and then went to Gao Guizi's mansion at Xuanfengqiao, which was close at hand, to meet Jiang.Song Meiling brought a large amount of food and supplies to Chiang Kai-shek, and also brought a maid who served him, Cai Ma, and a pair of dentures to Chiang Kai-shek.
The sudden appearance of Soong Meiling surprised Chiang Kai-shek, and exclaimed: "Why are you here? I told Ziwen not to let you come. Why are you still here! You are entering a tiger's den." Soong Meiling could no longer control it. Holding back his emotions, he stretched out his arms and threw himself in front of Chiang Kai-shek: "Da Ling, you are frightened, you are much thinner..." Tears streamed down his face as he spoke.
Chiang Kai-shek's expression was quite complicated for a while.
After a while, Chiang Kai-shek turned to the others and asked, "Why are you all here?" Song Ziwen responded quickly, "Yes, it was Han Qing meeting..."
But Chiang Kai-shek said thoughtfully: "The Communist Party sent Zhou Enlai here... If they turn their faces, wouldn't we be arrested together, you shouldn't come!..."
After a few short opening remarks, others withdrew one after another, leaving only three people in the room: Chiang Kai-shek, Soong Meiling and Soong Ziwen, and began to discuss how to negotiate with Xi'an.Song Meiling first described the situation in Nanjing, and explained emphatically: "I was delayed in Luoyang for a while today, and I have ordered the air force not to bomb Xi'an, and they agreed. Few people in the army really listen to any respect. As for launching a major offensive. The problem is that there are many nights and dreams, we should leave Xi'an as soon as possible, return to Nanjing, and stop the surname He from messing around."
"Then the official representatives won't come?" Chiang Kai-shek was a little disappointed, and after pondering for a while, he said, "But you and Ziwen are enough to represent the government. I have verbally agreed to the Japanese War of Resistance, and they will definitely hold a meeting tomorrow. You can be regarded as witnesses in the meeting. I don’t think there will be a problem with it.”
Song Meiling then asked: "Will they really let you go?" Chiang Kai-shek nodded.
Chiang Kai-shek turned to Song Ziwen and asked, "Ziwen, as far as you can see, we agreed to this tomorrow, is there any problem?"
Song Ziwen replied: "I don't think there will be."
Chiang Kai-shek said again: "Well, let's discuss first, if they have conditions, how far should we agree?"
In the ensuing discussion, Chiang Kai-shek put forward two points: one is not to compromise with Xi'an, and Song Meiling will not be forced to compromise; the other is not to leave any written things.He also emphasized that he would rather die for the country.
Song Meiling tried her best to calm him down, and introduced to him various reactions outside.Advise him: "You shouldn't say martyrdom lightly. Your responsibility is to complete the revolution to save the country. You should cherish your life. I hope you can think about it. God is always by our side. I am here this time to share the suffering with you. Eh; God wishes us to die, and die without regret; if God wishes us to live, we should keep it alive."
宋美龄还谈了对张学良的看法，并劝蒋克制自己的感情：“我感觉汉卿他们已经萌生了悔过的意思，倘若处理得宜，或许可以很快得到解决。我们目前应该尽力克制自己，应该忍耐。”
蒋介石接受了自己夫人的劝说，他表示：“改组政府，3个月后开救国会议，改组国民党，联俄联共。”这意味着蒋已首肯在谈判中接受这些条件。蒋介石还对谈判提出了两个条件：
一、他本人不出头，由宋美龄、宋子文代表他谈判；
二、商定的条件，他以“领袖的人格”作保证，而不作任何书面签字。
在蒋介石确定谈判原则之后，宋美龄与张学良进行了长谈。
她温和地批评张不应该用武力胁迫的方式让委员长接受自己的主张。宋美龄说：你以为此举必然会得到全国民众的拥护，实属错觉；今天大错已成，怎么补救，这是当前唯一的问题。
张学良解释说：“我们劫持委员长，自知不大合适，但我自信，我们之所为，确实是为了造福于国家。然而委员长坚决拒绝我们的主张，连话都不让我们讲完。自从被禁后，仍怒不可遏，闭口不谈我们提出的要求。深愿夫人婉劝委员长暂息怒气；并转告委员长，我们也别无所求，不要钱，不要地盘，即签署任何文件亦非我等所希望。”
宋美龄深信张学良言之由衷。她从内心感到，张的行动有异于“旧时军阀”，这使她增强了快速解决问题的信心。她对张学良讲，目前在世人面前能够表示你们的动机纯洁、没有加害委员长的意思，唯一办法是，应放弃胁迫的态度，立即恢复委员长的自由。她还说：“你的性子太急切，且易冲动。应当知道世界上有许多事情，皆非躁急之举动可以成功的，只能步骤一致，逐渐行动，才可以获得真正的进步。……我的经验告诉我，躁急者用百分的力量，只能有一分之收获；而徒求快意一时之举动，决不能使中国达到富强的目的，惟坚忍卓绝的苦干，才能实现理想。”
宋美龄的此番责备比之蒋介石的训斥要容易接受得多，因而，张学良进一步解释了发动事变的原因。他说：“夫人，我已经认识到此举的不当，决不愿意托辞掩饰。但我们的动机是绝对纯洁的，如果这次夫人能和以前一样，和委员长一起到西安来，我敢断言，决不至于发生这样不幸的事变。我屡次向委员长申述我的意见，委员长动辄不让我启齿，厉声呵斥，你说怎么办！？”
宋美龄替蒋介石辩解：“你还不了解委员长。他所斥责的人，都是他寄予厚望的人，如果他认为你不堪造就，他才不会浪费如此精力斥责你呢？”
张学良抓住这一谈话机会，再一次恳求宋美龄劝说蒋介石接受他的抗日主张：“夫人应相信我敬爱您的诚意，我的部将也和我一样爱戴夫人。委员长被禁后，我的部属搜索文件时，得到夫人给委员长的两封信，拜读之余，益觉夫人之伟大。……我们不愿意阻碍委员长的工作，而且一致推崇他为我们唯一的领袖。现在，只求夫人向委员长面陈款曲，一切皆无问题，深信夫人一定能帮助我们了此危局。”
宋美龄依旧重复说过的观点：“现在最重要的是如何使此事件迅速结束，委员长留在西安时间愈久，国家损失愈大。”
12月23日，备受世界各国、国内各党各派各方关注的历史性的谈判正式开始了。
地点：中国西安金家巷张公馆西楼二层。
参加人员：
张学良西安事变发动方的代表（南京国民政府军事委员会委员、西北“剿总”副总司令、西安事变的领导者之一）
杨虎城西安事变发动方的代表（国民政府军第17路军军长、西安绥靖公署主任、西安事变的领导者之一）
周恩来中国共产党的代表（中共中央军事委员会副主席）
应德田担任会议记录。
当天上午的谈判是分头进行的，先由宋子文与张、杨两人谈；然后张学良陪同宋子文与周恩来谈。
首先进行的宋子文与张、杨的谈判，在以八项主张为基础上，张、杨提出了四项条件：一、改组国民政府，采纳抗日分子。二、废除塘沽、何梅、察北协定。三、发动抗日运动。四、释放被捕7人。这四项条件实际上是对此前张、杨、周三方共同商议的五项条件的浓缩。
为保证上述条款的落实，张、杨建议：由蒋介石出面，即刻在西安召集由朝野各界官员名流出席的大会，这些人应包括：陈果夫、李宗仁、白崇禧、李济深、冯玉祥、宋庆龄、韩复榘、宋哲元、刘湘、宋子文、张学良等。俟大会作出决议，蒋介石可离开西安。也可以作另一种选择，即大会在太原召开，但在此期间蒋介石要留在西安。
宋子文对张、杨所提条件“甚感失望”，他与戴笠、蒋鼎文讨论后提出了如下“反建议”：
一、不召开名流与政府官员参加之大会。
二、改组政府，排除亲日派。
三、释放在上海被捕之7人。
四、强力保护国家利益之政府一旦组成，中日战争将很快爆发，只要战争爆发，将自动废除塘沽、何梅、察北协定。
蒋介石批准宋子文的“反建议”，并令宋、张一道与周恩来谈，“主要听周（恩来）讲”。然后再与蒋夫人商量。
随后，宋子文与周恩来进行了谈判。周代表中共提出了和平解决西安事变的六项主张：
一、双方停止内战，中央军撤至潼关以东。
二、改组南京国民政府，肃清亲日派，加入抗日分子。
三、释放政治犯，保障民主权利。
四、停止“剿共”，联合红军抗日，共产党公开活动（红军保存独立组织领导，在召开民主国会前，苏区仍旧，名称可冠抗日或救国字样）。
五、召开各党各派各界各军救国会议。
六、与同情抗日的国家合作。
周恩来这六项主张，是对此前中共中央电报精神的概括和浓缩。12月21日夜，中共中央书记处曾致电周恩来，对事变发生后的局势、中共的策略、谈判条件以及对争取蒋介石、陈诚等与之开诚谈判，作了具体指示。该电内容如下：
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周恩来接到这个电报后，连夜与张学良、杨虎城一起，具体商讨了同蒋介石及南京方面谈判的各种问题和办法。
周恩来提出的六项主张得到张学良、杨虎城的赞同，并认为应以此作为进一步谈判的基础。宋子文亦表示：他个人完全同意周恩来的意见，但需要将这一意见呈报蒋介石。
当天下午，三方围绕周恩来提出的六项主张，就组织过渡政府、释放“七君子”爱国领袖、放蒋等问题，进行讨论。宋子文首先提出：
（一）先组织过渡政府，3个月后再改造成抗日政府。目前先将何应钦、张群、张嘉璈、蒋鼎文、吴鼎昌、陈绍宽赶走。推荐孔祥熙为院长，宋子文为副院长兼长财政，徐新六或颜惠庆长外交，赵戴文或邵力子（张、杨推荐）长内政，严重或胡宗南长军政，陈季良或沈鸿烈长海军，孙科或曾养甫长铁路，朱家骅或俞飞鹏长交通，卢作孚长实业，张伯苓或王世杰长教育。
宋并力陈这只是一个过渡政府，3个月后揭开抗日序幕，再彻底改组。张、杨、周表示原则同意，提出要宋子文负责改组政府事项，并推荐宋美龄、杜重远、沈钧儒、章乃器等人行政院，沈、杜、章等任次长。
（二）由蒋介石下令撤兵，然后放他回南京；蒋回南京后再释放爱国“七君子”。张、杨、周坚持“中央军”先撤走，爱国领袖先释放，然后蒋回南京。
接着，西安方面提议：在过渡政府时期，西北联军先成立，以东北军、17路军、红军成立联合委员会，受张领导，进行抗日准备，实行训练补充，由南京负责接济。宋说此事可转给蒋介石。
最后，周恩来发言，他提出：如果蒋介石同意中共的六项主张，要与蒋直接讨论各项问题。宋子文说：可以先见见宋美龄。宋子文、张学良都说宋美龄极力主张抗日，和平解决事变。
第一天谈判结束后，周恩来当晚即致电中共中央，报告谈判情况。他在电报中写道：“如果你们同意这些原则，我即以全权与蒋谈判，但要告我，你们决心在何种条件实现下许蒋回京，请即复。”
蒋介石躺在高桂滋公馆，焦急地等待着谈判消息。宋子文向他报告第一天的谈判情况后，他答复道：
一、他将不再担任行政院长，拟命孔（祥熙）博士担任。新内阁决不会再有亲日派。
二、返回南京后，他将释放在上海被捕之7人。
三、1．设立西北行营主任，由张负责。
2.同意将“中央军”撤离陕甘。
3.中共军队应当易帜，改编为正规军某师之番号。
4.冲日一旦爆发战争，所有军队一视同仁。
四、1．派蒋鼎文将军去命令“中央军”停止进军。
2.将与汉卿讨论双方共同撤军，在离开西安后，他将发布手令。
这一天，为了配合和平谈判取得进展，西安《解放日报》发表了张学良、杨虎城《告东北军、17路军将士书》，进一步阐述抗日主张，回答人们的疑虑。这一文告说道：
我们亲爱的将士们：
双十二抗日救国运动，酝酿了许久，现在已经揭开了七八天了。我们为什么发动这样的运动？为争地盘吗？no.为泄私愤吗？Nor is it.我们反对政府的屈辱外交，国家都要亡了，还在这里出死力自相残杀。所以才提出抗日救国运动八项主张。我们主张的核心是集合全国各党各派的力量，以民众的总动员，去抗日救国。
也许有人在那里怀疑：绥远军队已经在那里抗日了，听说也有些中央军队在那里参加了，很是胜利。可见中央军已在那里抗日，为什么还要我们这样发动？No!No!事实绝不是这样简单。中央军是摆在晋军与绥军中间，而且只有两师。阎副委员长所要求的20万大军援绥，中央答复无法抽调。然而到西北打红军的内战却源源而来了几十万大军。由这样的事实，他们所说抗日，不过是欺骗民众的一种办法，绝对没有真正抗日的决心，这不是很清楚吗？
双十二运动发生的一天，中央飞机数十架一齐发动到西安来侦察，而在绥远的抗日血战中，中国飞机却半架也没有。据他们说是因为天气太冷，飞机发动不容易，但敌人的飞机怎么能发动呢？也许我们的飞机不好，那我们为什么必要买那样不好的飞机呢？而且到寒冷和绥远差不多的西北的飞机怎么就能发动使用呢？这种欺骗情形，凡是有知识有眼睛的人，谁看不清楚？我们全是中国人，谁不知飞机献寿为的是抗日。因为有抗日作目标，群众才那样的热烈。而现在我们有飞机却不对外，使我们的抗日战士无可奈何地受着敌人飞机的时时轰炸。这是抗日吗？这是真心抗日吗？如果这样就算抗日，试问我们的东北4省，我们的察北6县，我们的冀东22县，什么时候才能收复回来？这是敷衍欺骗的抗日，绝对不是我们要求的彻底抗日。
也许还有人相信抗日的“准备论”，这更是大错。我们不要把日本当傻瓜，认为我们会准备、人家不会准备。老实说，我们准备得还不到五分，人家已经准备到十分了，试问这种准备有什么用？这岂不是等人家准备好了来整个吞并我们中国吗？再说，人家也绝对不许可我们准备。在我们准备过程中，人家已经用经济、政治、外交、军事各种各样的枷锁把我们束缚得死紧，叫我们动不得身，抬不起头。试问我们又如何能够准备起来？这不是梦想吗？
我们因为不信任变相汉奸的，至少也是犯恐日病的抗日的准备论，我们因为看破了南京抗日是欺骗，至少也是敷衍民众的一种手段，所以才以极大的热诚劝蒋委员长变更他的错误政策。但我们大胆的赤诚劝谏，都一次一次地失败了。我们为服从全国潜在大多数民意，我们为贯彻我们的也是全民的抗日救国主张，所以才有这一次双十二事件的发动。
我们的希望，只是集合全国的力量去抗日救国，是绝对纯洁的，是绝对发自内心的，无一毫私心，无一点背景。凡是同情我们主张的，不管他是哪党哪派我们均愿意竭诚欢迎。我们的目的在对外，绝对不造成内战，并且极力避免内战，但是如果有违反民意的汉奸，用武力压迫我们，使我们不得贯彻主张，那我们为扫除误国误民的分子，争取民族的最后生存，当然我们要起而自卫，并且要粉碎这种恶势力。这不是我们造成内战，而是实行抗日救国的清道工作。
我们亲爱的将士们！事实已经摆在我们面前，我们的国家，已到生死关头，真是抗日则生，不抗日则死。我们必须巩固我们抗日救国的战线，去与一切破坏我们的恶势力相拼，方能实现我们的主张，才能收复我们的失地，才能湔雪我们的国耻。这是我们由理论而实行的时候了。我们需要团结，我们需要奋斗，我们必须不辞一切光荣胜利的牺牲。我们的基础是民众，必须用尽我们的智慧爱护他们。我们所要贯彻的是我们的主张，所以必须确信我们的基本理论。我们需要以不顾一切的精神来冲破我们的一切困难，这才是我们抗日救国战线上忠实同志所必要的精神和勇气。
我们亲爱的将士们！我们具有坚强民族的意识的亲爱的将士们，这是我们起来的时候了！白山峨峨，黑水汤汤，我们光荣的胜利，就在目前，我们一定要到黄龙痛饮的。
我们亲爱的将士们！我们热血沸腾的亲爱的将士们，我们一定要不辞一切艰难牺牲，去争取中华民族的解放与自由，去达到我们最后的胜利！
张学良杨虎城
24日上午，谈判继续进行。与首次谈判不同的是，与宋子文一起代表蒋介石来参加谈判的还增加了宋美龄。宋美龄首先表示：同意孔、宋组阁。宋美龄同时要求：待蒋下令南京方面撤兵后放蒋回南京。张学良表示同意，周恩来、杨虎城认为需要再考虑。
宋氏兄妹在这次谈判中，还对谈判所涉及的问题作出如下保证：
在改组政府中，一定肃清亲日派；立即由蒋介石下令停战撤兵；调胡宗南等部“中央军”离开西北；蒋回南京后释放“七君子”等抗日领袖；停止“剿共”，由张学良负责接济红军，抗战发动后，中共公开，红军改编，统一指挥；蒋介石回南京后发表通电，自行辞去行政院长之职；先开国民党中央全会；开放政权，然后再召集各党各派救国会议，3个月后改组国民党；联合苏、关、英、法等国。
对于宋氏兄妹的这些承诺，中共在很长一段时期内，一直没有把它公开。经过近半个世纪后，在编辑《周恩来选集》上卷时，才将周恩来拍给中共中央的《关于西安事变的三个电报》公布于世，这样，宋氏兄妹在处理西安事变时有所承诺的史实方得以印证。周恩来向中央报告了与宋氏兄妹谈判的如下结果：
一、孔、宋组行政院，宋负绝对责任保证组织满人意政府，肃清亲日派。
二、撤兵及调胡宗南等中央军离西北，两宋负绝对责任。蒋鼎文已携蒋手令停战撤兵（现前线已退）。
三、蒋允许归后释放爱国领袖，我们可先发表，宋负责释放。
四、目前苏维埃、红军仍旧。两宋担保蒋确停止“剿共”，并可经张手接济（宋担保我与张商定多少即给多少）。3个月后抗战发动，红军再改番号，统一指挥，联合行动。
五、宋表示不开国民代表大会，先开国民党中央全会，开放政权，然后再召集各党各派救国会议。蒋表示3个月后改组国民党。
六、宋答应一切政治犯分批释放，与孙夫人商办法。
七、抗战发动，共产党公开。
八、外交政策：联俄，与英、美、法联络。
九、蒋回后发表通电自责，辞行政院长。
十、宋表示要我们为他抗日反亲日派后盾，并派专人驻沪与他秘密接洽。
谈判所取得的十条成果，经周恩来概括、蒋介石同意，形成了“六项承诺”：
（一）改组国民党与国民政府，驱逐亲日派，容纳抗日分子；（二）释放上海爱国领袖，释放一切政治犯，保障人民的自由权利；（三）停止“剿共”政策，联合红军抗日；（四）召集各党各派各界各军的救国会议，决定抗日救亡方针；（五）与同情中国抗日的国家建立合作关系；（六）其他具体的救国办法。
在谈判达成上述协议的同时，蒋介石还亲口向张学良表示了他的六项意见：
一、下令东路军退出潼关以东，中央军决离开西北。二、委托孔、宋为行政院正副院长，责（成）孔、宋与张商组府名单，蒋决令何应钦出洋，朱绍良及中央人员离开陕甘。三、蒋允回京后释爱国七领袖。四、联红容共。蒋主张为对外，现在红军、苏区仍不变，经过张暗中接济红军，俟抗战起，再联合行动，改番号。五、蒋意（不）开国民大会。六