Chapter 19 Chapter Five: The May Fourth Rage

The "unification by force" came to an end temporarily, and Sun Yat-sen was also expelled by the Southwest forces. Feng Guozhang and Duan Qirui could finally sleep peacefully.But this kind of good life didn't last long, and another troublesome thing happened - the term of acting president Feng Guozhang was about to expire, and a re-election must be held in accordance with the law to determine a new president. However, how should the new president be elected, and who should he choose? Duan Qirui, the current leader of the martial arts alliance, stood up and set the tone: don't think about these things, and do the preparatory work first.

What preparations?Get a Congress out. Sun Yat-sen worked hard to protect the law for nearly a year, but he failed to get Duan Qirui back to the National Assembly.Why is Duan Qirui taking the initiative to restore the Congress at this moment?Because Comrade Duan Qirui wants to be promoted and become president. Speaking of this Congress, since the Republic of China had a Congress, it seems that it has not done a few serious things.According to the research of ordinary people in Beijing at that time, many congressmen were more enthusiastic about visiting the Eight Great Alleys than participating in political discussions.

Although they are corrupt, the government cannot live without them.How do you elect a president without them?If the president cannot be elected, Duan Qirui's presidential dream will be shattered.So Duan Qirui can't and doesn't want to fire these congressmen. He still needs to use the votes of the congressmen to sit on the presidency. It just so happened that President Feng also had the idea of ​​ending his internship and becoming a full-time employee.So, after the two discussed, Duan Qirui, who is still the prime minister, recruited two people to plan the election. One was called Wang Geng, and the other was called Na Yantu, both of whom were relatively famous people at that time.

Please note that this Wang Geng is not Wang Geng, the ex-husband of the famous socialite Lu Xiaoman.The two happened to have the same name, and this Wang Geng was also called Wang Yitang.He was not well-known for the time being, but became very famous later on, because he was one of the first hardcore traitors who surrendered to Japan and did many inhumane and bad things. He is known as "the first traitor in North China". Obviously, Wang Geng is an out-and-out bad guy, but fortunately, he is a bad guy with some abilities, and he is more or less useful-he works efficiently.In order to conduct the presidential election as soon as possible, Wang Geng and Na Yantu kept everything simple.The relevant law is a simplified version, and the number of councilors has been reduced from 800 arhats to 500 senators. The only thing that has been improved is the eligibility of voters. They think that this will eliminate many people, save people from talking about it, and waste taxpayers' money.

Everything is ready, only the votes are owed. When it comes to the work of canvassing votes, Comrade Xu Shuzheng must be the busiest and most active person, bar none. Xiao Xu has been busy jumping up and down in recent years, it is really hard to understand why he is so full of energy.Maybe apart from having a good IQ, such things as excess energy, willingness to adapt to heavy and complicated official duties, no matter how tired or hard it is, are also the reasons why his career is so prosperous. Although this person acts unscrupulously and has a violent personality, he does have some skills.

After killing Lu Jianzhang, Xu Shuzheng, who became a little more low-key, set up an "Anfu Club" in Anfu Hutong, Xidan, Beijing, which is very famous in history. Anfu Anfu, Anguo Fumin.With such an obvious political slogan, the objects of entertainment are naturally politicians from all over the world. But this time Comrade Xiao Xu was uncharacteristically, and did not rashly form cliques to buy votes as soon as he came up.Instead, with the perseverance and perseverance of today's people who post advertisements for the treatment of venereal diseases, he made the foreshadowing work like spring wind and rain, moistening things silently, but penetrating into wood.

Under Xiao Xu's arrangement, the Anfu Club initially held some activities such as cultural salons, tea parties, and chess and card competitions, taking the opportunity to organize powerful people to make friends and deepen friendship.After the promulgation of the election law, the results of friendship and friendship will appear. The Anfu Club is full of guests and guests every day, and all of them are politicians who come to speculate. These people who work up and down in the officialdom and travel around are nothing more than fame, fortune, and money women.Therefore, for these politicians with very clear goals, Xu Shuzheng's hospitality method is also clear: send money to Xu Guan.

Of course, the benefits are not for nothing. Xu Shuzheng told them at the same time: You have to use this huge sum of money to buy votes and run for parliamentarians. Planned operation has made the members of Anfu Club all over the provinces of the country.Although many of them have low character and inexhaustible negative energy, they are capable and have status, which are very useful to Xu Shuzheng. Sure enough, when the list of members was freshly released, there were less than 500 members in total, and members of the Anfu Club exclusively accounted for 330, which meant that Duan Qirui would get 330 votes.

Under the wise leadership of Xu Shuzheng, the members of the assembly were almost covered by the Anfu Club, so this Congress was called the "Anfu Congress" in history. Against the backdrop of Xiao Xu's brilliant achievements, Liang Qichao, whom President Feng placed high hopes on, looked very miserable.Liang Qichao set up an organization called the "Research Department", but he only helped President Feng win a mere twenty votes.Moreover, misfortunes never come singly in the research department. Another leader, Tang Hualong, was assassinated by Sun Yat-sen's men in Vancouver, Canada because he had always been against the Revolutionary Party.

Some people must be curious, how did Xiao Xu, who easily defeated his predecessors Liang Qichao and Tang Hualong, get so much political funds? Part of the money came from "Nishihara Loan", and the other part came from Xiao Xu's creative thinking.It's just that although the method that Xiao Xu came up with with divergent thinking is practical, it cannot be imitated, because his method is blackmail. The first person to be deceived was Liang Shiyi, the former Liang God of Wealth. Liang Caishen was convicted for supporting Yuan Shikai as emperor, and has been absconding in fear of crime, but was found by Xiao Xu digging three feet.Xiao Xu asked him if he wanted Xianyu to stand up, Liang Shiyi was such a character, and he instantly understood what Xiao Xu meant: to destroy money and eliminate disasters.And Liang Shiyi lacked everything except money—this was also the reason why Xu Shuzheng worked so hard to find him, and he donated two million in one go.

Warlords from all over the country were also blackmailed by Xu Shuzheng.Xu Shuzheng is so talented, he can always find various reasons to blackmail these warlords, and the money will naturally flow in. By now, everyone should know that the parliament has been manipulated by Prime Minister Duan, and he can do whatever he wants. Everyone has seen the performance of Anfu Club and knows that this presidential election is just going through the motions. President Feng is also a sensible person. He knows that he is useless to become a full-time official. Therefore, President Feng held a press conference and expressed his heartbreak: I have been out of the mountain for a year, and the task of ensuring peace has not been completed. I am sorry for both the country and the people. I really don't deserve to stay in this position. Feng Guozhang planned to get out of the way, but he didn't want to take advantage of Duan Qirui at all: Didn't you play your cards according to the rules in order to climb to the presidential throne? Don't you want to be president?I prefer not to let you be. As a result, the military commanders and provincial governors under the direct line issued statements one after another: support peace and oppose force! Who else in China wants to "unify the world by force"?This is clearly against Premier Duan. Prime Minister Duan was full of confidence at first, and he was waiting for the Congress to elect him as president. Unexpectedly, Feng Guozhang, an old boy, played tricks and played tricks. He didn't let others eat what he couldn't eat. In addition to directly opposing Duan Qirui as president, Southwest also opposed his election as president.The reason is simple: if Duan Qirui comes to power, he will definitely pursue the policy of unifying China by force. Of course, those forces in the southwest don't want to choose a president who is always ready to beat them. There was disapproval all around. If Premier Duan is forced to assume the presidency, it will not only worsen the confrontation between the North and the South, but will also inevitably lead to an open break between the direct and Anhui factions in the Beiyang system. As an ambitious and conscientious person, after careful consideration, Duan Qirui decided to retire with President Feng and withdraw from the competition for the presidency together. Duan Qirui quit so readily? Of course not.Duan Qirui has the confidence to back down.Because his strength seems to be strong enough to ensure that he can still control the government even if he is not the president. In addition to the many warlords who obeyed his orders, Duan Qirui also had a powerful pro-army - the "Participating Army". When Duan Qirui served as the supervisor of Germany's participation in the war, Japan specially trained an ace unit for Duan Qirui in the name of sending troops to participate in World War I in order to repay his "credit" to Shandong. In order to train this force, Japan not only provided instructors—the headed instructor was the spy chief Rihachiro Sakanishi, but also provided loans and even provided military equipment, including heavy weapons such as mountain artillery and heavy machine guns.In other words, this is almost a Japanese army.There are more than 30,000 people in the army, including an "officer training group" composed of graduates from Baoding Military Academy and outstanding mid- and low-level officers drawn from various Beiyang armies. The strength looks very good and strong. Since it was nearing the end of the First World War at this time, this army did not have time to participate in the First World War.On the contrary, Yuan Shikai's model regiment and a part of the navy were sent to Siberia and Vladivostok for a tour, but they did not fight. In addition, don't forget that Duan Qirui's political spokesperson, Anfu Congress, can speak for him openly.It is said that the brothers and sisters of the Anfu Congress have a special sense of ownership, and their slogan is "I speak for myself". Therefore, Duan Qirui has excellent military and political skills, and he is not at all worried that he will not be the boss behind the scenes. However, both Duan Qirui and Feng Guozhang withdrew from the competition, so who will succeed the president? At the same time, the eyes of the two turned to Xu Shichang, another Beiyang tycoon.As a Beiyang veteran, Xu Shichang's qualifications should be higher than Feng Guozhang and Duan Qirui's, and his power and tactics are beyond the comparison of these two warriors.So when Duan and Feng combined, it was Xu Shichang. Xu Shichang's reaction to Duan Qirui and Feng Guozhang's push for him to take over as the president was very cold, and he refused to give a happy word. In fact, after the founding of the Republic of China, Xu Shichang was behind the scenes of many major events. As for the president's chair, Xu Shichang himself thought that he was the most suitable to sit on.However, what happened to Li Yuanhong and Feng Guozhang also made him feel that although the presidency is good, the risk is too great. In this era of warriors in power, if one accidentally becomes a puppet president, his fame will be in vain. But Feng Guozhang and Duan Qirui's attitudes are also very firm, and Xu Shichang must come out. After going through tricks such as wanting to greet or refusing, playing hard to get, and bargaining, Xu Shichang finally gave his own conditions for leaving the mountain-Feng Guozhang and Duan Qirui stepped down at the same time, and the two factions of Feng and Duan also resigned at the same time. This condition may seem harsh, but it is actually not a big deal.If you step down, you will step down, and if you resign, you will resign. Anyway, it will not damage the hard power of Duan Qirui and Feng Guozhang-the territory and the army. Both Feng Guozhang and Duan Qirui expressed no objection. Well, let's do it. On October 10, 1918, the "Anfu Congress" elected Xu Shichang as the second official president of the Republic of China. Xu Shichang's first order after he came to power was to remove Duan Qirui from the post of prime minister and at the same time abolish all members of the Anhui cabinet. Xu Shuzheng, the No. 2 figure in the Anhui Department, was naturally also among the laid-off army, but Duan Qirui won Xu Shichang a chance to get a job and re-employment for Xiao Xu: to serve as the northwestern frontier envoy to Jingbian, Outer Mongolia.In name, it was to assist Japan in defending against Russia, but in reality, it took the opportunity to lay a pawn in the northwest area, leaving an extra retreat for the Anhui faction. The border of Outer Mongolia has not been peaceful all the time, because the Russian army will mess around at every turn, cross the border to harass, split Outer Mongolia, and take the opportunity to go along with things. Naturally, Xu Shuzheng would not defend Russia empty-handed. He brought a part of the "frontier guards" (that is, the "participating troops", the First World War was over, so they had to change their names) into Outer Mongolia.Unexpectedly, the Russians did not scare them away, but made the already "independent" Outer Mongolia quickly cancel its independence. This is the only merit of Xu Shuzheng's life that is qualified to be recorded in the annals of history forever. Before the topic returns to Xu Shichang, let us temporarily turn our attention to World War I. On November 11, 1918, World War I ended with the defeat of Germany and its allies.In just four years, the political situation in Europe has undergone drastic changes because of this tragic war. The October Revolution broke out in Russia and the Tsar was overthrown. Germany surrenders and Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates. The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed. Although Britain and France won, they were seriously injured. But in any case, the cruel war is over after all, and people all over the world are immersed in peace and joy.The Chinese people are no exception, because those laborers who went to Europe to fight in the war exchanged huge sacrifices for the motherland in exchange for the honor of the victorious country.We have also become a victorious nation, for the first time in history! President Xu's luck is really good. Just one month after taking office, he encountered this extremely good news, which can be described as a blessing from heaven. The streets of Beijing were filled with colorful flags, students paraded, overcrowded, all people rejoiced, and the whole world celebrated together. Cai Yuanpei, the president of Peking University, was also one of the excited army. Maybe he felt elated. Cai Yuanpei basically participated in public speeches every day.Mr. Cai's speech was wonderful and moving, and the audience responded so enthusiastically that President Xu and Supervisor Duan couldn't help showing off their eloquence and trying their charm. At the same time as these celebrities opened their shows, two more news came. One is good news: U.S. President Wilson put forward fourteen proposals, calling for the establishment of world peace and a new world order, and suggested that countries prepare for the Paris Peace Conference.This suggestion was adopted by all countries. One is the bad news: After the end of World War I, those big powers who loved to bully China came back. The ambassadors of various countries quickly returned to China, and then rushed to meet the new president, and then unceremoniously pointed fingers in front of President Xu: the North-South split seriously damaged the peaceful and stable business environment and the strong consumer market, seriously affecting When it comes to our commercial interests, we hope to see peace between North and South soon! Coincidentally, the Japanese cabinet that supported Duan Qirui also fell, and the new cabinet did not dare to offend these great powers, and also expressed support for China's North-South peace. That being the case, President Xu also took advantage of the situation and shouted: The North and the South have ceased fighting and negotiated peace!The country needs to be united!The people need unity! The Beijing government certainly wanted unification, and although the southern warlords did not necessarily want unification, they also felt that a truce was always a good idea, so they publicly stated: Let’s talk about peace and see if we can reach an agreement. The North and the South each sent a team of powerful negotiating experts to negotiate in Shanghai on February 20, 1919.The first inter-Korean peace talks were also held in Shanghai, and this time they were held in Shanghai again. Why are they held in Shanghai every time?First, because Shanghai has many concessions and the interests of the great powers are gathered, neither the north nor the south can control it, so it is relatively safe; second, Shanghai is just in the middle of the north and the south, and the distance is about the same, which is relatively fair. However, the peace talks have not come to a conclusion until May. This is really because the conditions of both parties are too harsh. The North demanded that the South disarm and divide the army and civilians, while the South demanded that the North terminate all secret agreements between China and Japan, abolish all Japanese rights in Shandong, and also withdraw some notorious warlords from the Beiyang system. Faced with this relatively just but difficult request, the two sides did not compromise with each other.Therefore, the two parties have been unable to find an entry point that is of interest to each other, and the negotiations have reached a deadlock. Just when they were talking listlessly, the attention of Chinese people turned to the "May 4th Movement" that shocked China and the world. On January 18, 1919, the Paris Peace Conference proposed by US President Wilson was successfully opened.This dear friend vowed: This will be an open, fair and peaceful conference... Soon, I will add another insurance for the eternal peace of mankind-organize an international federation to maintain world justice. What a beautiful wish, what an exciting slogan! But it is okay to shout slogans, but it is not good to play fake big empty.Shouting a realistic slogan and calling out the means used to realize the slogan is the meaning of slogans.From what happened next, Mr. Wilson seemed to be unaware of this. As a victorious country, China was naturally among those invited. President Xu sent a Chinese delegation headed by Minister of Foreign Affairs Lu Zhengxiang, Ambassador to the United States Gu Weijun, and representative of the southern government Wang Zhengting to attend the event. The people of the country are looking forward to it earnestly, hoping that as Wilson said, all the unequal treaties of the defeated country Germany in China can be abolished in one fell swoop by virtue of the status of the victorious country, and the Japanese's evil attempt on Shandong can be dispelled. It is a pity that the expectation of China, a victorious country, to share the fruits of the war is basically impossible to realize.Although China didn't want to take advantage of the defeated country, but just wanted to get back what belonged to itself, it didn't work either.Because by allowing you to participate in the "spoil sharing conference", the big brothers have already given you enough face. Japan has already settled almost all the victorious countries through the exchange of interests to support it in inheriting Germany's rights and interests in Shandong.Only the United States said a few words for the Chinese delegation out of fear that Japan would be the only one in China that would be greater than its own disadvantages. When the Japanese saw that the Americans wanted to make trouble, they immediately produced a piece of "evidence" - this was the contract that Duan Qirui ordered Zhang Zongxiang, Cao Rulin, and Lu Zongyu to sign in exchange for the "Nishihara Loan". A contract clearly stated "The Chinese government readily agrees to the proposals listed above by Japan" in large characters. When Americans see "agree with pleasure", their mental activity is nothing more than "angry for not fighting, mourning for misfortune, it's all because of your brain problems", and then they stop opening their mouths. When relying on the sky, relying on the earth and relying on friends doesn't work, you can only rely on yourself. But "weak countries have no diplomacy", the voice of a country at the negotiating table is often determined by the hardness of its fists.You are a poor and weak country, even if your throat is broken by shouting, who will care about you? Therefore, although Lu Zhengxiang, Gu Weijun, Wang Zhengting and others strongly opposed it, the opposition was invalid. Thanks to the "efforts" of the Japanese, the "Versailles Peace Treaty", the receipt of the spoils at the Paris Peace Conference, clearly stated that Germany's rights in Shandong were transferred to Japan. Most of the participating national delegations have signed the peace treaty, and now only China has not signed it. The deadline for signing is June 28. For the purpose of "holding the scapegoat to others to carry it out to the end", Duan Duan, who was far away in China, sent a telegram to Lu Zhengxiang: You just sign, and return home as soon as possible after signing. Duan Qirui originally planned to find another scapegoat to create such a situation - the "Fourth Civil Treaty" was agreed by Yuan Shikai, Zhang Zongxiang signed the "Gladly Agreed", and the "Versailles Peace Treaty" was signed by Lu Zhengxiang.The Japanese took away Germany's rights and interests in Shandong, which was done by others and had nothing to do with him. It's a pity that Chief Lu is not stupid, he doesn't want to and dare not be a scapegoat.Not only are French Chinese students protesting around him every day, but he is also a man who reads the news and knows that Chinese people oppose the signing. After several nights of sleepless torment, Chief Lu finally made a decision: wait and see, let's procrastinate, anyway, there is still more than a month before the deadline. However, the situation is stronger than people, and the situation never waits for people. On May 2, Lin Changmin (Lin Huiyin's father), the head of affairs of the Foreign Affairs Committee, published an article "Diplomatic Alert to Chinese People" in Beijing's "Morning News" without informing the higher-level organization or obtaining authorization from the central government, announcing the Paris The situation of the peace meeting. The good hopes of the Chinese people were like colorful soap bubbles blown up by the wind, and finally fell on the hard ground, shattered cruelly. The students in Beijing were shocked, and after the shock, they were angry. The students felt that the government was too weak and incompetent, and even if it won, it would not be able to defend the national interest! On May 4, 1919, more than 3,000 students from more than ten colleges and universities headed by Peking University gathered in Tiananmen Square to demonstrate. The slogans were conceived the day before—"struggle for national power abroad, punish national thieves at home", "refuse to sign the peace treaty", "give me back Qingdao"... The destination was also thought of the day before - the embassies of the great powers in Dongjiaomin Lane.The students planned to submit statements to the ambassadors of the great powers, reason with them, and persuade them to stand up for justice at the Paris Peace Conference. This is the so-called foreign struggle for national power. Led by the commander-in-chief Fu Sinian (the leader of the Peking University Student Union and a future university scholar), the parade marched mightily towards Dongjiaomin Lane. When it approached the embassy, ​​it was stopped by military police.The reason given by the military police is: Chinese people are not allowed to enter here.Their basis comes from the "Xin Chou Treaty": Beijing Dongjiao Minxiang, Chinese people are not allowed to live, and countries can send troops to garrison. After the students were blocked in Dongjiaomin Lane, after repeated negotiations, the military and police agreed to allow a small number of student representatives to enter the embassy area to negotiate. More than two hours passed, and the students did not get the desired result. Except for the staff of the American embassy who accepted the student representative's statement and dealt with the matter, the other powers were not interested in accepting the statement. Although the "foreign struggle for national power" was hindered, the students were very emotional, but they were restrained. There were no incidents of throwing bricks, throwing rotten eggs, or clashing with the riot police. Just when the parade was in a dilemma, someone in the procession suddenly shouted: Let's settle accounts with the traitor Cao Rulin! Most of the students agree with this unknown voice very much - "struggling for national power abroad" has failed, and it is natural to "punish national thieves internally"! Cao Rulin immediately became the target of the students venting their anger, but Duan Qirui, the real mastermind of the "Nishiyuan Loan", was unexpectedly ignored.They only know how to find the younger brother who runs errands to vent their anger, but they don't know how to settle accounts with the mastermind behind it. It seems that the students are very innocent. At around four o'clock that afternoon, the parade arrived at Zhaojialou near the northeast corner of Chang'an Street in Beijing, where Cao Rulin's house was located. When the students rushed into Cao's house, they found a middle-aged man in the house. This must be the hero Cao Rulin! The students immediately rallied and attacked him, rushing up and beating him: Cao thief, I told you not to be patriotic, today the grandpas of the students will teach you how to be patriotic! While beating and cursing. Suddenly someone heard the guy who was about to die saying that he was not Cao Rulin.Wrong type?In fact, there was no mistake. This guy explained that he was Zhang Zongxiang who came to visit.That should also be played. The students were very depressed, and after making a fuss for a long time, they realized that Cao Rulin had heard the wind and hid in advance. To let the surname Cao escape, he can't be so cheap! So the students lit Cao’s house on fire. Unexpectedly, the wind in Beijing in May was quite strong. The wind helped the fire, and the fire became bigger and bigger. It not only burned down half of Zhaojialou Hutong, but also illuminated the modern Chinese The dark eve of history! Although it is not worth advocating for the students to take violence such as beating and setting fires, it is also understandable. Who made everyone angry? When encountering this kind of thing, I don't know where to vent my anger. I hate the incompetence of the government and the betrayal of the officials. This hatred can only be vented in the street.No one in this torrent can keep calm, including Zhang Guotao, Deng Zhongxia, Wen Yiduo and Zhu Ziqing among the crowd. However, the nature of the action has changed now, beating people and setting fires no longer complies with the "Assembly, Procession and Demonstration Law".As a result, dozens of students were arrested by the police who rushed over.After the students were arrested, Peking University President Cai Yuanpei immediately took action and organized a group ("Principal Group") to rescue the students. This was the beginning of the May Fourth Movement. However, it is still an unsolved mystery who ignited the fire that "burned Zhaojialou". Among the people present at the time, some said that it was Kuang Husheng from Beijing Normal University who set the fire first, while others said it was another student from Beijing Normal University, Yu Jin who set the fire first.But what is interesting is that the parties Kuang Husheng and Yu Jin both denied it. Kuang Husheng did not mention at all that he set the first fire in his article "Records of the May 4th Movement", and Yu Jin even mentioned "burning Zhaojialou Kuang Husheng was awarded the honor of "The First Person". Are they being humble?Or did everyone get it wrong and they didn't set the fire at all? In this situation where no one stood up to claim credit, some people said that Mei Siping of Peking University was the one who really started the fire. But this statement seems unreliable, because it is difficult for Mei Siping's subsequent behavior to prove that he has that sense of justice.More than ten years later, Mei Siping volunteered to be the organization minister of the Japanese, while the "traitor" Cao Rulin justly refused to work for the Japanese. It seems that time is the most impartial and unselfish, and only things that remain unchanged through the passage of time are truly immortal.And character is something that can only be counted if it can stand the tempering of the years. Then again, it doesn't matter who set the first fire, what matters is that the fire burns with heat!It's power!It's light!It's youth!It is ideal! Under the example of Beijing, more than 150 cities in 22 provinces across the country, such as Shanghai, Tianjin, Wuhan, etc., have successively erupted in student strikes, workers' strikes, businessmen's strikes, and citizens' boycott of Japanese products.The Revolutionary Party, including Sun Yat-sen, and some opposition figures like Liang Qichao also stood up to support the movement. What made this burgeoning and massive political movement so successful really was thanks to the bright side: the active efforts of the vanguard—the patriotic students and the main force—the working class. However, success is also inseparable from the other side - the opposite of light. The "patriotic heroes" who work hard on the opposite side of the light are direct descendants. The reason why Zhilian did this was not because he was moved by the patriotic deeds of his classmates, because they were not simple people, and there was only one reason for them to do this - the disagreement between the United States and Japan. As mentioned before, the boss behind the direct lineage is the United States, and the United States and Japan have conflicts of interest in China, and there have been many conflicts.Therefore, the United States decided to use the anti-Japanese sentiment of the Chinese people to fuel the flames, fish in troubled waters, try to destroy the Anhui faction supported by Japan as much as possible, pave the way for the Zhili faction, support the Zhili faction to come to power, and then protect its own rights and interests in China. As a result, the United States fanned the flames, provided money and guns, and directed the Zhili to profit from the May 4th Movement. The direct line can not only reap benefits, but also make life difficult for the Anhui line, so why not do it? Under the signal of Mr. Feng Guozhang, the gold medal partners Cao Kun and Mr. Wu Peifu went into battle in person and uttered two particularly high-pitched and fierce shouts: The first voice: Let people go quickly——"The great rivers and mountains are at the mercy of others. Who has no righteous indignation if they have a little heart? These students, excited by patriotic enthusiasm, are running around and shouting... their hearts are pitiful, their aspirations are commendable, and their feelings It's even more original!" The second sound: Do not sign - "Shocked to hear the bad news of the signing of the Qingdao presidency, the five hearts are broken, and it is difficult to admit it... Soldiers defend the country, and it is their duty to do so. Let us back up and serve as pioneers!" With the support of the direct line who bravely jumped out to sing against Mr. Duan Qirui, more and more people joined the patriotic team. Duan Qirui and Xu Shichang wanted to give some tough things to the patriotic students and the working class, but faced with the pressure from the immediate family, they did not get tough.As a last resort, Duan Qirui and President Xu were forced to agree to the aspirations of the patriotic masses. First, remove Cao Rulin, Zhang Zongxiang and Lu Zongyu from their posts. Cao Rulin was the chief of communications at the time, and he was the economic leader in charge of railways and banks under Duan Qirui's command. His unemployment and layoffs intensified the already difficult to reconcile contradictions between the Anhui and Zhili cliques, and a new struggle was imminent. Second, Lu Zhengxiang was ordered to sign slowly.This is discounted, because a slow signature is not a refusal to sign. Fortunately, the domestic situation and strong opposition from Chinese students frightened Lu Zhengxiang. He finally mustered up the courage to refuse to sign in front of Japan and other countries on June 28.China therefore became the only victorious country that did not sign the peace treaty. Great, our Chinese nation needs this kind of backbone. China's land can be occupied but not given away!Chinese people can kill but not bow their heads! During the vigorous May 4th Movement, there was a person who unintentionally became popular, and he was Chen Duxiu.After Chen Duxiu split up with Wu Yue, he abided by the agreement and devoted his energy to the anti-Qing cause. After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, Bai Wenwei, the former second-in-command of the Yuewanghui, became the governor of Anhui, so Chen Duxiu, the former eldest brother, went to join his former younger brother Bai Wenwei as the secretary-general of Anhui Province.Then followed Bai Wenwei to participate in the "Second Revolution" against Yuan Shikai. After the failure of the "Second Revolution", Chen Duxiu went into exile in Japan. Only then did Chen Duxiu realize that in order to successfully save the country, rather than relying on the bravery and simple violence of a few people, it is far better to inspire the wisdom of the people to encourage more people to stand up and fight.So he returned to China at the end of 1915 and founded the "Youth Magazine", which later became the famous "New Youth". More than a year later, in the spring of 1917, Chen Duxiu came to Peking University where his friend Cai Yuanpei was the president, and became the dean of liberal arts (dean of the Faculty of Arts).But what he concentrated on was still the magazine "New Youth". With Li Dazhao, Hu Shi, and Lu Xun as capable leaders, he promoted democracy, science, and new culture, and taught everyone how to use vernacular Chinese. During the May 4th Movement, for the sake of democracy and science, Chen Duxiu showed his chivalrous demeanor and risked his life to fight again.He distributed leaflets everywhere saying: If the government does not agree to our request, then we people will have to do it ourselves and fundamentally reform the government! Threatening the government naked, what is this but rebellion?How could rebellion not go to prison, so Chen Duxiu was immediately arrested and sent to prison.Fortunately, Wu Peifu later forced the Beijing government to release the arrested persons, and Chen Duxiu was released again. Just like Sun Yat-sen and Wang Jingwei, once in and out, Chen Duxiu's fame grew wildly, and he became the spiritual leader of the May Fourth Movement.Even Mao Zedong and his elders later said that Chen Duxiu was the commander-in-chief of the May Fourth Movement. Because of Chen Duxiu's fruitful work, his reputation is getting higher and higher, so that he has a large group of "fans".In his "fans" team, there is a big "fan" - Chiang Kai-shek who resigned from the Cantonese Army. After Chiang Kai-shek left the Guangdong Army, he focused his energy on improving self-cultivation.Therefore, recharging himself is a major issue facing Chiang Kai-shek. As for the specific content of charging, it is mainly to find the truth of saving the country and to study the economics that determine social development and change.At that time, the most popular "new thought" representative publication "New Youth" and books on Marxism and Marxist economics were his spiritual food.This is no nonsense. Chiang Kai-shek's diary is full of words such as "read "New Youth"" and "read "Marx Theory". Chiang Kai-shek probably would not have imagined that Li Dazhao, the director of the Peking University library, had an administrator who was also carefully studying "New Youth" and "Marx Theory".This person is his future opponent Mao Zedong. After the Revolution of 1911, Mao Zedong, who was discharged from the army, studied in Hunan almost all the time in the following years.It was not until 1918 that he came to Peking University for part-time work and part-study under the recommendation of his teacher Yang Changji.It was in Beijing that he fell in love with Yang Kaihui, the daughter of Yang Changji. It was around the May 4th Movement that he first came into contact with Marxism, which changed his destiny and modern Chinese history. ... 1919 was a special year.Because the May 4th Movement that occurred in this year ushered in a new era, an era of intellectuals. These post-70s, post-80s and even post-90s in the 19th century have thus entered the stage of history. The vast majority of them grew up in the era after Yuan Shikai abolished the imperial examinations, and were less influenced by tradition. Even though they had received old-style education, they were willing to open their eyes to see the world and accept the influence of new ideas. They pursue individual liberation, personal freedom, and dare to challenge authority. They pay attention to social reality, have great ambitions, and have the courage to fight for their ideals. They searched for the truth in the West, but they did not lose the spiritual strength and blood inheritance of Chinese literati who have sacrificed their lives for righteousness for the country and the world for thousands of years. In this era when the Chinese nation is in danger, in this era when someone needs to stand up and fight for the interests of the nation, they walked out of the campus and came to the streets to fight bravely for the truth; As before, the flames of war continue to pass on, creating the legend of Southwest Associated University; they abandoned their pens and joined the army and embarked on the road of resistance. The road of national rejuvenation starts from their feet. The light of the spirit of the scholar-officials radiates brilliantly on them, surpassing the contemporary era and reflecting the ages!