Chapter 9 Chapter Nine Central Plains War, Jiang Ji Dynasty

After Chiang Kai-shek went to Biyun Temple to worship Sun Yat-sen, he faced a big problem-disarmament. Because of too much economic pressure, with the support of Song Ziwen and the instigation of Yu Qiaqing, the Jiangsu-Zhejiang Consortium, the main body of the Northern Expedition military expenditures, formed the "National Disarmament Promotion Association" and publicly demanded that the four gentlemen Chiang Kai-shek, Feng Yuxiang, Yan Xishan and Li Zongren Raise your hand high, do me a favor, and stop asking them for money. This is not because Yu Qiaqing and the others are stingy, but because Jiang, Feng, Yan, and Li are expanding their army while they are in the Northern Expedition. The number of troops these four have at hand is as high as one million, and they really can't afford it.According to Song Ziwen's estimation, it would cost nearly 200 million silver dollars a year to feed an army of 500,000 people.In other words, to feed an army of one million, it would cost two hundred million in half a year.

Furthermore, the proposal of disarmament also touched Chiang Kai-shek's heart.He dreamed of concentrating military, personnel, administrative, and financial power in the central government and weakening local forces. He suffered from no suitable reason. Now that Song Ziwen and Yu Qiaqing are sending charcoal in a timely manner, how can he disagree? But the problem is that Feng Yuxiang, Yan Xishan, and Li Zongren are plotting how to take advantage of their participation in the Northern Expedition, while keeping their own mountains, and get as many benefits as possible. They want them to disarm and take the initiative There is no way to weaken one's own source of power.

Disarmament is indeed very difficult, but Chiang Kai-shek decided to hold a meeting to discuss it and try it out.From the discussion on disarmament in July 1928 to the end of the national reorganization meeting held in Nanjing at the end of January 1929, all the bosses exhausted their tongues and tricks, but the result was as expected: Chiang Kai-shek must be disarmed, and the three Live or die. For Chiang Kai-shek, since political disarmament is out of the question, then use force to cut down the vassals! The famous melee between the new warlords of the Kuomintang - the Central Plains War, kicked off.This round of melee that took place in 1929 was considered a round of battle, and everyone took turns to single out Chiang Kai-shek.

The first to go to war was the Xingui faction and Chiang Kai-shek. For Chiang Kai-shek, the Xingui family is undoubtedly his strongest opponent at present.Li Zongren occupies the two lakes, Huang Shaohong occupies Guangxi, Bai Chongxi incorporates the Tang Shengzhi Remnant Department, and has 100,000 troops to control Beijing and Tianjin, China, and Li Jishen is backed up in Guangdong.The power of the New Guangxi faction extends from the southernmost part of China to the foot of the Great Wall, and its strength seems to be very strong. However, in the eyes of Yang Yongtai, the Xingui family is just a chicken and a dog.Who is this Yang Yongtai who is so arrogant?

Yang Yongtai, courtesy name Changqing, born in Cantonese, born in the 1980s in the 19th century. Both civil and military skills, knowledge of both Chinese and Western cultures, precise grasp of people's hearts, amazing ability to predict situations, and excellent administrative management capabilities are all his strengths. This person is more utilitarian, and he can get a glimpse of it through his job-hopping experience.He followed Song Jiaoren, Huang Xing, and Sun Yat-sen to make revolutions, and he also committed himself to Lu Rongting and Tang Jiyao, and he also defected to Cao Kun.As a political player, his political stance is not clear, so it is naturally difficult to gain real trust, so there has never been a suitable stage for him to "make suggestions" and bring out his best talents.

In the spring of 1928, Chiang Kai-shek's sworn brother Huang Yu (one said Zhang Qun) introduced Yang Yongtai, a super-class talent, to Chiang Kai-shek, whose career was on the rise but was in urgent need of talents.Facts have proved that this is the most successful job-hopping in Yang Yongtai's life, because through this job-hopping, Yang Yongtai proved himself and won the excellent honor of "Contemporary Crouching Dragon". People who have just changed jobs are generally anxious to make meritorious service. After all, you can stand firm by showing your excellence in key links and making everyone have to convince you of your level.Yang Yongtai is no exception.Before the Jianggui war officially started, Yang Yongtai became excited.This is because, in his view, this war is an opportunity to realize his ambition and show his power to the world.

After some careful planning, Yang Yongtai said to Chiang Kai-shek: Although the Guangxi Clique looks powerful, it actually has a fatal weakness-the foundation is unstable.For example, Li Jishen in Guangdong has never been recognized by Chen Jitang and Zhang Fakui of the Cantonese Army; most of Bai Chongxi's subordinates in North China are Tang Shengzhi disabled troops; Brother—Yu Zuobai, the No. 4 entrepreneurial veteran of the Xingui family, who was once second only to Li, Huang, and Bai, and Yu Zuobai was very at odds with Li Zongren. Li Mingrui, who made great contributions to the Northern Expedition, was deliberately suppressed by Li Zongren for this reason.Let's take full advantage of this and bring down the Guangxi faction.

This wonderful plan tailor-made for the new Gui family was approved by Chiang Kai-shek.With the full support of Chiang Kai-shek, Yang Yongtai's plan was perfectly executed. The first step was to ask Li Jishen to mediate the conflict between the central government and Guangxi, lure him to Nanjing for house arrest, and promote Chen Jitang, who couldn't wear the same pair of pants as Li Jishen, to the top of the Guangdong Army. The second step is to use Tang Shengzhi's mentality of seeking revenge from the Xingui family to persuade the old subordinates headed by Li Pinxian to defect to Guizhou.Bai Chongxi was caught off guard and fled in embarrassment, changing the sky in North China.

In the third step, at the cost of paying a large sum of money and handing over Guangxi to Yu Zuobai and Li Mingrui, let Li Mingrui turn back when Chiang Kai-shek's Central Army and the Guangxi Army fought.Facts have proved that this is a very good deal, because Li Mingrui brought another member of the Seventh Army, the frustrated general Yang Tenghui, to rebel together. It is a buy one get one free.The three main forces of the Seventh Army rebelled against two of them, causing the Guangxi Army in Lianghu to be defeated. The fourth step is to mobilize the Hunan Army, the Yunnan Army, the Guangdong Army, and Yu Zuobai and Li Mingrui, who had just quit their jobs, to fight Huang Shaohong in Guangxi. Huang Shaohong was defeated and fled, and Yu Zuobai and Li Mingrui took over Guangxi.

This three-month "Jianggui War" ended with Chiang Kai-shek's victory.The Xingui faction fell from the high clouds to the mortal world in an instant. Not only did they lose their entire territory including Guangxi, the base camp, but also the Seventh Army, which started from it, either split or was incorporated by Chiang Kai-shek. That's it.Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi, and Huang Shaohong were forced to go into exile in Hong Kong and Vietnam. These three brothers fell out of the list of top-notch figures in the Republic of China. As for the number one hero in this war, Yang Yongtai, by virtue of his performance of accurately finding a breakthrough in the entanglement of the intricate situation, he perfectly interprets one of the most splendid and long-standing political and cultural traditions of the Chinese nation-every era has its own The ultimate strategist.

After solving the menacing Xingui faction, Chiang Kai-shek finally freed up his hands to deal with Feng Yuxiang, the "God of Rebellion" who had been sitting and watching the snipe and clam fight before. After the "Jinan Massacre", the Japanese army finally withdrew from Jinan around March 1929 after mediation by Britain, the United States and other countries and several rounds of diplomatic negotiations.But Chiang Kai-shek ordered Feng Yuxiang's troops stationed in Shandong: You are not allowed to take over Jinan, this is a matter for the Central Army. Feng Yuxiang was very angry, coupled with his displeasure on the issue of disarmament, and in a fit of anger, he lost the shrewdness and calmness of the "rebel general".He ordered the troops to leave Shandong and go to Henan to put a little pressure on Chiang Kai-shek. The main force heading south was led by three fierce men—Han Fuju, Yang Hucheng and Shi Yousan. Please remember, it was this guy named Shi Yousan who set fire to the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng, Henan. His poor character can be ranked in the top two in the entire modern history of China - he is the first, and the aforementioned Miao Peilin is the second. . What Feng Yuxiang never imagined was that besides his own love of job-hopping, his subordinates also believed in the principle of "working hard and getting nowhere, frequent job-hopping makes more money". After being screened by Yang Yongtai's piercing eyes, Han Fuju and Shi Yousan, who had the worst character, stood out and fell happily under Yang Yongtai's silver bullet offensive.As for the other general, Yang Hucheng, a representative of high IQ and high EQ, he voluntarily defected to Chiang Kai-shek under the name of "knowing the current affairs as a hero", and since then Qianlong ascended to heaven, replacing Feng Yuxiang as the new representative of the Northwest Army. Feng Yuxiang's seemingly powerful offensive collapsed in an instant. But Feng Yuxiang was not convinced. He dispatched troops and generals to make a comeback.It's a pity that in the face of the Whampoa Army, which was much stronger than him in combat effectiveness, his men were really helpless. They were defeated like a mountain, and almost lost all the territory they managed to save. With Yang Yongtai's assistance, Chiang Kai-shek's approach to dealing with the Xingui faction and Feng Yuxiang was to give full play to the orthodox advantages of the central government, condescending, and insight into the opponent's weaknesses (infighting), supplemented by state financial support (Chiang Kai-shek not only occupied a wealthy territory , and my brother-in-law Song Ziwen racked his brains to think of a way—grasping tax revenue, issuing national debt, finding related households, domestic and foreign bank loans to make money for him), and defeating others without fighting is a classic from a strategic point of view. After beating Feng Yuxiang, it will be the end of 1929 in a blink of an eye. At this time, Wang Jingwei jumped out again, wanting to fish in troubled waters and make a comeback.Wang Jingwei is not a brainless person. He knew that he could not defeat Chiang Kai-shek alone. After careful research, he found several allies under the slogan of "protecting the party and saving the country", such as Tang Shengzhi, Zhang Fakui, Shi Yousan and Yu Zuobai. Agreed to go into the water together. For this challenge initiated by Wang Jingwei, Chiang Kai-shek didn't even bother to use his brain, so he directly fought to put down the chaos by force! The first one to die was Tang Shengzhi, Yu Zuobai, who was beaten by Chen Cheng and Yang Hucheng's surprise attack, Yu Zuobai, who couldn't sit still, Shi Yousan, the "chameleon", and Zhang Fakui, the famous Northern Expedition general who lost too many talents in the Nanchang Uprising, didn't jump around much. God, all failed. Tang Shengzhi and Zhang Fakui, the two celebrities of the Northern Expedition, have since lost their qualifications to compete with Chiang Kai-shek. Among the farces staged in 1929, I don’t know if you have noticed that there is a missing protagonist: Yan Xishan. In fact, it's not too small. Yan Xishan has always been known for being good at speculating, and he won't resist unless a knife is put on his neck.This kind of "ninja magic skill" is really a rare stunt in the thirty-eight years of the Republic of China.But now Yan Xishan has no chance to endure it. It all started when Feng Yuxiang, who had been defeated, asked for help from his ally, Brother Yan, an ally of the "United Front against Disarmament".After Feng Yuxiang arrived in Shanxi, he hugged Yan Xishan and cried for help. Yan Xishan also vowed to cooperate with Brother Feng to the end and oppose Jiang to the end. But Yan Xishan didn't think so in his heart. He thought that Feng Yuxiang was running wild in the northwest and bordering his sphere of influence. One mountain could not accommodate two tigers. Now that this fierce tiger has fallen into Pingyang, it is a good time to put it in a cage. Maybe you can also take the opportunity to ask Chiang Kai-shek for some benefits. So Yan Xishan put Feng Yuxiang under house arrest in the countryside and let him work as a farmer. This house arrest lasted for several months. This made the generals of the Feng family's class feel anxious, and they immediately contacted Chiang Kai-shek, expressing that they "support the central government and develop the Northwest", and were willing to be the vanguard to eliminate Yan Xishan. When Chiang Kai-shek heard it: Well, using Feng Jiaban to eliminate Yan Xishan, who has always been obsequious and vicious, is a good thing that people like to hear and see!I promise you. After Yan Xishan learned the unfortunate news, he immediately fell into extreme tension and fear.Although Yan Xishan can be regarded as a rough and simple economist, he attaches great importance to economic construction and market regulation, and knows how to implement the "six policies (water conservancy, tree planting, sericulture, smoking ban, braid cutting, natural feet) and three things (cotton planting, Afforestation, animal husbandry)" engaged in new rural construction, knew how to budget carefully and cut income and reduce expenditure, and thus accumulated a lot of money and food, but its land area and army quantity and quality were all inferior to Jiang and Feng's, and their war strength was not strong.If they are flanked by these two people, they will definitely lose! So Yan Xishan ran to Feng Yuxiang, who was living like a year, staged a show of "Remorse", and resolutely stated that "we will live and die together, share weal and woe, and oppose Jiang to the end." Feng Yuxiang despised Yan Xishan's acting skills very much in his heart, but he still said generously: "Brother Yan, you let me go, this matter is over, let's oppose Chiang as always!"You just need to support me with sufficient ammunition... At the end, Feng Yuxiang concluded with a rather shocking sentence - believe me, that's right.I, Feng Yuxiang, am by no means a treacherous person! Yan Xishan thought to himself that you are not considered a perfidy, and who would still be a perfidy.But he didn't dare to play tricks anymore, so he did everything. You, Yan Xishan, who is as treacherous as a ghost, also drank Feng Yuxiang's footwashing water.It turned out that the generals of the Feng family's class had surrendered to Chiang Kai-shek at the behest of Feng Yuxiang.Of course, Feng Yuxiang's mentality and acting skills are also very good. He didn't get angry because he was abused by Yan Xishan, but he always held onto the original intention of pulling Yan Xishan into the water together, and finally dragged the old fox Yan Xishan into the water. In this way, Feng Yuxiang coerced Shanxi, the Jinsui Army, and Yan Xishan, who was good at avoiding the important and trivial, to the front line of the anti-Chiang. Feng and Yan joined forces, the core appeared, and when they ascended the heights, followers gathered. The lost Wang Jingwei responded. The Xingui faction responded, and Li Zongren and others hurried back to Guangxi and arranged everything for revenge.Something's wrong, didn't the three brothers Li Zongren pack up and leave? How could they return to Guangxi where their enemies Yu Zuobai and Li Mingrui were the masters? Yu Zuobai and Li Mingrui were really interesting. Not long after returning to Guangxi, they followed Wang Jingwei to fight against Chiang Kai-shek, and were guided by Deng Xiaoping, who was working in Guangxi, to be good. Especially Yu Zuobai's younger brother Yu Zuoyu and his cousin Li Mingrui followed as the main force. Deng Xiaoping launched the Baise Uprising and established the Seventh Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, embarking on a completely different path.Under such a sudden change in the situation in Guangxi, it is relatively easy for Li Zongren and his brothers to sneak back to Guangxi for dinner. Under the effective public relations work of Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan, warlords of all sizes also expressed their response. For example, Sun Dianying was recruited by Feng Yuxiang himself to do ideological and political work.Feng Yuxiang spoke highly of Sun Dianying's act of digging Cixi's grave just now. He said: "I make life alive and you make it to death. Everyone is a "revolutionary" and leads to the same goal by different routes!" Sun Dianying had a low self-esteem and felt that she was just a low-level tomb robber. Unexpectedly, Boss Feng, whom she had always admired, not only did not discriminate against her, but also affirmed herself positively. Sun Dianying was moved to tears.Under the circumstances that Feng Yuxiang couldn't give his heart out, he could only show his heart by imitating the efforts of dogs and horses. Shi Yousan and Zhang Fakui, who were just disabled, also announced their return to fighting. Fan Zhongxiu, who fought thousands of miles back to his hometown in Henan when Sun Yat-sen went north, also joined the anti-Chiang army. In May 1930, the largest war between warlords in modern Chinese history - the Battle of the Central Plains broke out.There is really no need to write in detail about this scuffle with very little content of justice and morality, so here is a brief report on the battle situation. Troop strength: The anti-Chiang coalition forces are about 700,000 horses, and the Central Army under Chiang Kai-shek's command and the warlord troops they have drawn over total more than 600,000 troops. Battlefield: Basically, it is near the three railway lines of Jinpu Road, Longhai Road and Pinghan Road.You may not be familiar with the railways during the Republic of China. Fortunately, these three expanded railways are still shining.Jinpu Road is a section of the Beijing-Shanghai Railway (Tianjin to Nanjing), Longhai Road is a section of the current Longhai-Lanxin Railway (Baoji to Lianyungang), and Pinghan Road is a section of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway (Beijing to Wuhan).Roughly speaking, the main battlefield is in Henan, and Shandong, Jiangsu, Hunan and other places are regarded as secondary battlefields. At the beginning of July, He Yingqin joined hands with Jiang Guangnai, Chen Jitang, and He Jian of the Hunan Army to break up the "troika" of Li, Huang, and Bai, whose strength had plummeted, and tortured Zhang Fakui into a bare-bones commander. In early August, Yan Xishan's Jinsui army was also beaten to the ground. Although Yan Xishan's ability in economic construction and internal affairs is passable, his military strategy is average, and he is good at defense rather than offense. Moreover, he has a small territory, few troops, and poor war potential. When people are at a low ebb, they will always be a little unconfident and even doubt everything.This point has been perfectly interpreted by Yan Xishan.A villain complained in front of Boss Yan, saying that Fu Zuoyi, the commander-in-chief at the front, wanted to surrender to Chiang Kai-shek.Boss Yan gritted his teeth, cut off his arm, and removed the number one general, Fu Zuoyi.Fu Zuoyi, who is known as "the number one good defender in the Republic of China", has come down, what resistance does Boss Yan have? In mid-September, Feng Yuxiang's elite Northwest Army-cavalry and armored convoy were wiped out, and the main force was completely defeated. The Northwest Army lost so badly, not only because they lost a battle before, but also because their combat effectiveness was not strong, but it was also because of poor logistics supplies.Most of Feng Yuxiang’s lands are poor and remote areas. He is neither good at economic construction nor improving people’s livelihood. Therefore, not only has the fiscal deficit increased wildly year after year, but he also has no reliable bases like Yan Xishan’s Shanxi and Li Zongren’s Guangxi. Can count on handouts to live on.But the problem is that the Soviet Union has already cut off the aid because he felt that he was unreliable, and Yan Xishan is a Grandet, so the sponsorship can't be much money.Therefore, with the economic situation of the Northwest Army, it is thankful to be able to tighten their belts and fight a few battles. How can they support a five-month-long war. The financial situation of Feng’s family was in dire straits, but the problem was that Chiang Kai-shek still made trouble—launched a money offensive against nearly ten generals under Feng Yuxiang’s command. There has been a collective rebellion.The leader among them is actually the patriotic general Ji Hongchang that we are all familiar with now. Ji Hongchang is also aboveboard. Before betraying the water, he notified the former boss Feng Yuxiang: Brother, I decided to feign surrender to Chiang Kai-shek. Take care! The generals of the Northwest Army are all like this, let alone the middle and low-level officers. Facing the "two bombs" attack by Chiang Kai-shek's military experts (the leader of the motley army, the commander-in-chief of the Third Army) and He Chengjun, an expert on diplomatic activities—" "Silver bullet" (silver dollar) and "meat bullet" (a bit of a pretty prostitute), have thrown away their helmets and armors. Objectively speaking, in this war, Chiang Kai-shek’s direct descendants of the Central Army—Whampoa instructors Liu Zhi, Jiang Dingwen, Chen Cheng, Wei Lihuang, and Gu Zhutong, and Huangpu students Hu Zongnan, Hu Lian, Song Xilian, and Zhang Zhonglin all performed well. not bad.In order to grab territory and gain benefits, some local troops also performed very hard. For example, Yang Hucheng's 17th Route Army occupied Tongguan, blocked Feng Yuxiang's retreat, and occupied Xi'an. Cai Tingkai and Jiang Guangnai's 19th Route Army defeated Li Zongren's troops under Hengyang City ... Now that the battle has progressed, it is clear at a glance who wins and who loses.Zhang Xueliang, who is far in the northeast, can naturally see it. On September 18, 1930 (note this date), Zhang Xueliang sent a telegram to the whole country, announcing support for the central government, and sent tens of thousands of troops into the customs for armed mediation. In fact, at the beginning of the Central Plains War, both the Anti-Chiang Allied Forces and Chiang Kai-shek had fought over Zhang Xueliang, hoping to win him over and strengthen himself, but Zhang Xueliang chose to sit on the mountain and watch the tigers fight, waiting for the price.There are naturally reasons for Zhang Xueliang to choose this more realistic approach. In the second half of 1929, Zhang Xueliang fought the Soviet Union in the Northeast, which was known as the "Middle East Road War" in history. According to Zhang Xueliang's later recollection, he provoked this war for the following three purposes: 1. In recent years, the Northeast Army has repeatedly fought and failed in the civil war. It is looked down upon by the world and not respected. Therefore, it is necessary to win a battle to rectify the name of the Northeast Army. 2. Zhang Xueliang's power is inherited, not by himself. There are many people in the Northeast Army who are not convinced by him. Although he found an excuse to kill the most unconvinced Yang Yuting, killing is not to establish personal authority. The best way, the best way is to fight a big victory and prove that you are an excellent commander. 3. Competing for the ownership of the Middle East Railway. In Zhang Xueliang's view, the Russians not only lost the Russo-Japanese War, but also the Soviet Union's power in the Northeast was not as strong as the Japanese, so finding a weaker Soviet to fight would not only justify the reputation of the Northeast Army, but also increase personal authority , can also compete for the ownership of the Middle East Railway to win glory for the country, which is beneficial to both oneself and the country. What reason is there not to do it? The idea was good, but Zhang Xueliang made a fatal mistake: being too impulsive.He thought that the Soviet Union was still Russia during the Russo-Japanese War, and it rashly launched a war without knowing its opponents.Sure enough, things backfired. The Northeast Army suffered tens of thousands of casualties. Not only did it fail to fight the Soviet Red Army, but it also allowed the Soviet Union to occupy Heixiazi Island.But losing battles and losing territory is not the most serious consequence. The most serious consequence is that the Japanese see clearly the weakness of the Northeast Army and the disunity of the Chinese, which stimulates the ambitions of the Japanese. The reason why the Chinese are not united is that when the Northeast Army fought against the Soviet Union, Chiang Kai-shek supported part of the military expenditure. Li Zongren, Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, including Chiang Kai-shek, did not support military operations.This is also one of the reasons why Zhang Xueliang chose to sit on the mountain and watch the tigers fight - to retaliate against the indifference of these few. The topic returned to Zhang Xueliang's marching troops into the pass. Even though Zhang Xueliang's entry did not help Chiang Kai-shek's final victory, he still had to collect benefits-about 20 million silver dollars for sending troops, and the north of the Yellow River was handed over to him. A friend is someone who helps you when you are weakest, not someone who takes advantage of it.From this point of view, it is understandable that Chiang Kai-shek imprisoned Zhang Xueliang for most of his life after the "Xi'an Incident". After all, the core of the relationship between the two parties is the word "interest". Zhang Xueliang's entry is undoubtedly the last straw that broke the camel's back. At the beginning of November, Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang went to the field by telegram, and the army was reorganized by Zhang Xueliang and Chiang Kai-shek respectively, and the Central Plains War ended. In 1930, history turned a corner here.In the Central Plains War that took place from May to November, nearly 1.5 million troops participated in the battle including Zhang Xueliang's troops who entered the customs. Its scale and impact were unprecedented. The most pitiful people are of course the common people, especially the common people in Henan Province, who are full of grief and death. Among the warlords, Feng Yuxiang lost quite well. The Northwest Army was disintegrated by Chiang Kai-shek and eaten piece by piece, leaving only a reorganized 29th Army. Feng Jiaban, who once swept the Northwest, disbanded. As for Yan Xishan, most of his army was reorganized by Zhang Xueliang, and he himself was asked by Chiang Kai-shek to leave Shanxi for an inspection abroad.But Yan Xishan didn't listen to Chiang Kai-shek's words, but relied on his experience of studying in Japan and his friendly attitude towards Japan. He got the protection of the Japanese and stayed in Dalian to carry out sabotage activities, waiting for a chance to turn around. The Xingui family also lost very rhythmically. The eldest brother Li Zongren's headquarters was completely lost, so he had to go to the wild for a while to wait for the opportunity to recover.Li Zongren did not wait stupidly. He knew that opportunities had to be created and won by himself, so he stopped hanging out in his hometown of Guangxi and went to Guangzhou to stay permanently. The united front that separates Guangdong and Guangxi.On the surface, Li Zongren's thigh is very thick.In the "Jianggui War" and the "Central Plains War", Chen Jitang perfectly carried forward the warlord spirit of "cow-horse style, bandit heart, and prostitute attitude", and quickly expanded himself, with nearly 200,000 soldiers. He is known as the "Southern King". He is working hard on the road of inter-provincial self-government walked by "Old King" Chen Jiongming. The second elder brother Huang Shaohong was disheartened and surrendered to Chiang Kai-shek on the premise of not betraying the interests of the Xingui faction. The eldest brother and the second brother both left Guangxi, and the third brother Bai Chongxi, who was originally the weakest when he joined the group, finally made it through.Known for his ambitions, he relied on the few remaining troops of the Xingui Clan in Guangxi to implement the militia system (all people are soldiers, equivalent to today's militia), and built the Xingui Clan into the "Bai Chongxi" brand. Wang Jingwei's desire to take the opportunity to come out to govern again can only wait for the opportunity to come true. For Tang Shengzhi and Zhang Fakui, everything is just floating clouds. Shi Yousan also lost everything. Fortunately, he was able to embarrass himself and found a new boss—Zhang Xueliang, who is also from the Northeast. Fan Zhongxiu lost the most, losing even his life. After talking about the losers, let's look at the so-called winners. Zhang Xueliang, who picked peaches, gained quite a lot in the Central Plains War. Compared with old fritters like Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan, the relatively simple "tempered" Zhang Xueliang was more trusted by Chiang Kai-shek, so the two married Jinlan.After that, Chiang Kai-shek fulfilled his promise to Zhang Xueliang to enter the customs.Zhang Xueliang was entrusted with the important task of deputy commander-in-chief of the army, navy and air force. He was based in Beijing and commanded the eight provinces of Hebei, Shanxi, Chahar, Suiyuan, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Rehe, and the three cities of Beijing, Tianjin, and Qingdao. It has spread across the entire north and surpassed the former territory of Lao Tzu Zhang Zuolin. It can be said that the scenery is infinite. However, Zhang Xueliang led his troops into the customs to take over the territory, leaving the Northeast with no troops, creating an opportunity for Japan to fully occupy the Northeast, and thus fueling Japan's ambition to fully occupy China. Chiang Kai-shek seemed to have won and defeated the warlords of all walks of life, but in fact it was hard to say that he won. Said he didn't win because he couldn't stop thieves.If Chiang Kai-shek had gritted his teeth at that time and dispatched his direct troops to invade Guangxi and Shanxi in one go, the history of Li Zongren and Yan Xishan might have come to an end.But he refused to do so, because he hoped that the local warlords in Hunan, Guangdong, and Yunnan would send troops to attack Guangxi, and Zhang Xueliang would send troops to clean up Shanxi, while he himself would reap the benefits.But the problem is that these local warlords are not fools, and no one is willing to do such a laborious and not necessarily flattering thing, and most of them end up bluffing and dying. Chiang Kai-shek did it on his own, and in the following ten years, Yan Xishan, Li Zongren, Feng Yuxiang, and Wang Jingwei changed their ways to oppose Chiang, and the struggle never stopped——Yan Xishan oscillated between the Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek, and Japan, and this so-called "Dancing on three eggs"; Li Zongren used the power of the Communist Party to "force the palace" to force Chiang Kai-shek to step down; Feng Yuxiang's troops surrendered to the Communist Party in large numbers; Wang Jingwei surrendered to the Japanese. Then again, the Central Plains War still brought certain benefits to Chiang Kai-shek. First of all, he became the highest symbol of power in China, temporarily stabilized the power structure, and created a relatively stable environment for the economic development of the Republic of China. Second, and most importantly, he was finally free to deal with the Communist Party. The melee between warlords in the past two years has been so eye-catching that everyone has overlooked a force that has grown up unconsciously-the Communist Party. When Chiang Kai-shek was concentrating on the Northern Expedition and putting down various warlords, he had no time to take care of the Communist Party, which provided two convenient conditions for the growth of the Communist Party: First, warlord wars created hordes of wandering deserters who were easily absorbed and reformed by the Communist Party, thereby expanding the source of troops; Second, the internal strife among the Kuomintang factions and the Great War in the Central Plains greatly consumed the power of the Nationalist government, which provided the Communist Party with time and space to grow, allowing the Communist Party to have sufficient opportunities to expand with the aid of money and weapons from the Soviet Union. With the above-mentioned convenient conditions, the Communist Party has strengthened its determination to achieve armed separatism. After the Nanchang Uprising, there were two crucial uprisings that we did not talk about. The first is the Autumn Harvest Uprising. The leader of the Autumn Harvest Uprising was Mao Zedong, and the military commanders were Lu Deming (died in the breakout) and Yu Sadu (later rebelled) in the second phase of Whampoa. In early September 1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprising broke out on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi.The main force of the rebel army was the Peasant Red Guards, which lacked training and were basically armed with spears.What is a pike?Mao Zedong described it as "a single-pointed double-edged knife with a long handle".The uprising soon failed, and the rebel army was forced to withdraw to Jiangxi. With troops short of supplies, morale was getting lower and lower, and desertion had become public behavior.At this time, the 34-year-old Mao Zedong showed his excellence, and he made a correct decision-the team stopped first, and we held a meeting on the spot.The place where the temporary meeting was decided was Sanwan Village, and this meeting was the famous "Sanwan Adaptation" in history.Mao Zedong decided: First, the troops were reduced from one division to one regiment, and Yu Sadu, who was pessimistic about the future of the revolution, was dismissed from office. Second, the branch is built on the company, and the party commands the gun. Third, officers and soldiers are equal, and soldiers are not allowed to be beaten or scolded. The "Sanwan Adaptation" established the party's absolute leadership over the army, and also made the soldiers feel that the chief would not abandon or give up in a difficult situation, thus stabilizing the morale of the army. Next, the troops came to a place called Jinggangshan, where the mountains are high and densely forested, the terrain is steep, easy to defend and difficult to attack, and suitable for long-term development. Therefore, Mao Zedong decided not to leave, and he wanted to build this place into a base for sustainable development.In fact, Jinggangshan already had two "kings of the mountain": Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo, but they were quickly subdued by Mao Zedong.During this period, Mao Zedong met his third wife, He Zizhen, and they married in May 1928. At this time, the remnants of the Nanchang Uprising led by Zhu De and Chen Yi launched the Shonan Uprising. Unfortunately, their opponent was Li Zongren, and the rebel army soon had only more than 10,000 people left.Fortunately, Zhu De and Chen Yi received the news that Mao Zedong had established a foothold in Jinggangshan, so they raised their arms and led the remaining nearly 10,000 people to retreat to Jinggangshan. At the end of April 1928, Zhu Mao shook hands and joined forces in Jinggangshan. The first thing after joining forces was reorganization, and the unit was renamed the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.Since most of the officers in the army came from the Fourth Army of the National Army, and the name of the "Iron Army" of the Fourth Army was really resounding, the designation was designated as the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.This is why there is a fourth army before the first, second and third armies. Zhu De was the commander of the army, Mao Zedong was the party representative, Wang Erzhuo was the chief of staff, Chen Yi was the director of the political department, Lin Biao was the battalion commander, and Su Yu was the company commander.This Red Army was also known as the "Zhu Mao Red Army". Since then, Zhu and Mao have been called together. Eight months later, Peng Dehuai, a former national army officer who had just joined the Communist Party, led his troops to vote after launching the "Pingjiang Uprising".All of a sudden, Jinggangshan gathered all the heroes.The Jinggangshan team, the first main team of the Communist Party, was thus formed. After the Autumn Harvest Uprising, that is, in November 1927, the Communist Party led a large-scale armed peasant uprising in Huang'an (now Hong'an) and Macheng, Hubei, namely the "Jute Uprising".Based on this uprising, Zhang Guotao, Xu Xiangqian and others established the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Revolutionary Bases and the Red Fourth Front Army in 1931.The E-Yu-Wan team, second only to the Jinggangshan team in terms of status and role, was thus born. It is worth mentioning that this uprising gave birth to hundreds of generals and national leaders including Xu Haidong, Li Xiannian, Dong Biwu, Wang Shusheng, Chen Xilian, Liu Huaqing, and so on. There are more than two hundred generals, making almost one Hong'an person out of every seven founding generals.Hong'an County thus won the title of "General's First County" in the Republic. After the Autumn Harvest Uprising and the Jute Uprising ended, the warlords fought with the government, and the Red Army seized this opportunity to develop rapidly. For more than a year, the Red Army has made its own base areas spring up like mushrooms after a spring rain by launching the Agrarian Revolution - attacking the local tyrants, dividing the land, and uniting the peasants. By the spring of 1930, the Communist Party already had more than a dozen large and small base areas, and fourteen armies with nearly 100,000 Red Army troops. Surprisingly, by August, the Red Army had its first "front".The First Red Army and the Third Red Army formed the First Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, also known as the Central Red Army, with Zhu De as the commander-in-chief and Mao Zedong as the general political commissar. In October, when "the mountains are all red and the forests are all dyed", more than 30,000 members of the Central Red Army marched into Jiangxi, conquered Ji'an, and established the Jiangxi Provincial Soviet Government. When Chiang Kai-shek settled the warlords of all walks of life, he looked back: the forests are all dyed, and the mountains are full of red!But he didn't think it was a big problem: I am now sweeping the Central Plains with my troops, and I am invincible. With just a few people and a few guns of yours, what kind of situation can I achieve?However, things are not as simple as he thought. From December 1930 to September 1931, Chiang Kai-shek launched three "encirclement and suppression" campaigns against the Red Army.In the face of "encirclement and suppression", Mao Zedong and Zhu De led the Red Army to flexibly use strategies and tactics such as "fight if you win, and lure you into the mountains to fight if you don't win", "guerrilla warfare" and "mobile warfare". Lianjie, connecting southern Jiangxi and western Fujian into one piece, formed the largest revolutionary base in the country centered on Ruijin, with 21 counties, an area of ​​50,000 square kilometers, and a population of 2.5 million. soviet area. During this process, the Central Red Army has grown up with two extremely outstanding military command cadres.One is Lin Biao, the head of the Red First Army, only 25 years old.Lin Biao was proficient in calculations, surprise attacks and ambushes. These unique skills won him the title of "Eagle of the Red Army".One is Peng Dehuai, who was then the head of the Red Army, at the age of 32.This person has an extremely staunch personality, brave and good at fighting, and is called the "Lion of the Red Army". At the end of November 1931, the provisional central government of the Soviet Republic of China was established. Mao Zedong was elected as the chairman of the Central Executive Committee and the People's Committee, Xiang Ying and Zhang Guotao (not yet in office) served as vice-chairmen, Zhu De served as chairman of the Central Military Commission, and Wang Jiaxiang and Peng Dehuai served as vice-chairmen. Ruijin, the capital of the Newborn Republic, is a small county located at the junction of the two provinces of Jiangxi and Fujian. The mountains are dangerous and far from the central city. There is no heavy military garrison, and it is not easy for the national army to gather and go back and forth. This is conducive to the development of the Newborn Republic. consolidate. Under the meticulous management of Deng Xiaoping, secretary of the Ruijin County Party Committee, the situation in Ruijin is stable, the red regime is firm, and the public foundation is solid and reliable. After the establishment of the capital, it was renamed Ruijing. But what everyone does not know is that by the end of 1931, Deng Xiaoping, Secretary of the Ruijin County Party Committee, had only been in office for four months, and he had just experienced a shocking rebellion before coming to Ruijin after untold hardships. Now let's talk about this rebellion.