Chapter 11 11. The red melody in the big song of the Dong nationality

After the channel meeting, the Central Red Army diverted its route and marched into Guizhou in two routes.On the right are the First Red Army Corps and the Ninth Red Army Army Corps, passing through the new factory in Jingxian County from the passage, and entering Liping County, Guizhou Province from Jiepai.The avant-garde unit of the Right Route Army was the Sixth Regiment of the Second Division of the First Red Army, and went straight to Liping County via Maoertang, Tanxi, and Wuli Bridge. On December 14, 1934, the avant-garde troops of the Right Route Army marched towards Tanxi, a stronghold outside Liping City.The enemy stationed at Shiwanping also fled with the defeated army until they reached Wuliqiao.The leading company of the Red Army following the enemy, and the Red Army outflanking from the Guantian Piaodong alley, attacked with machine guns and grenades, and the enemy fled in embarrassment. The enemy commander Zhou Fangren and other officers fled together.The Kuomintang officials of the Liping county government saw that Zhou Fangren had escaped, and they feared that Liping county could not be kept, so they also abandoned the city and fled.

The people in Liping City saw that the bureaucrats and landlords had fled, guessed that the Red Army was coming, and they all rejoiced and rushed to tell each other.Because when the Red Sixth Army passed through Liping in September, the strict discipline and policies of the Red Army had been deeply rooted in the hearts of the local people.The masses spontaneously organized hundreds of people to welcome the Red Army troops into the city 5 kilometers away from the east gate. On December 14, the Red Army entered Liping County amidst the welcome of the masses. Liping County, located in the southeast of Guizhou Province, is a place where many Dong and Miao people live.Liping City is located on the top of the mountain, surrounded by mountains, and there is no flat land in sight.The Dong people are good at singing and dancing, expressing love and entertaining with songs. Songs can be divided into big songs, love songs, wine songs, roadblock songs and other forms. The village where they live is known as "the sea of ​​songs".Dong musical instruments include pipa, Dong flute and corbel qin.Songs of the Dong people are poems, and a lyrics is a poem, which requires rigorous rhythm and refined language.There are many kinds of Dong songs, which are mainly divided into two categories: monophonic and polyphonic. Big songs are polyphonic songs, with one lead singer and many people accompanying them. They are deeply affectionate and very touching.

The Kuomintang government implemented a policy of ethnic discrimination when it ruled Liping, and provoked the relationship between the Han nationality and the ethnic minorities.In order to adjust ethnic relations and eliminate conflicts among ethnic groups, the Red Army carried out some cultural propaganda activities in Liping City, and took advantage of the Dong people's habit of singing and dancing to invite them to participate in these cultural activities.Through these cultural and artistic activities, the Red Army has drawn closer to the ethnic minority people, and took the opportunity to promote to the Dong and Miao people.

National equality, all ethnic groups should unite and jointly oppose the oppression of warlords and landlords and other policies. The local people in Liping County were impoverished, their houses were empty, and the little rice was sucked up by the exorbitant taxes of the Kuomintang, while the grain of the Kuomintang government in Liping County was piled up like a mountain.When the Red Army arrived in Liping County, the Kuomintang government officials had no time to transport and burn the grain when they fled in a hurry. The Red Army opened the grain warehouse and distributed the grain to the common people.And because most of the residents in Liping County are Dong and Miao compatriots, the General Political Department of the Red Army called on every Red Army soldier to give a gift to the Dong and Miao brothers.The soldiers gave them what they had, clothes, towels, and daily necessities. When the Miao brothers received these gifts, they were all moved to tears.In addition, the Red Army also gave them guns and ammunition seized from the enemy to arm them.These behaviors of the Red Army won the praise and support of the Dong and Miao people, so wherever the Red Army went, they were warmly received by the Dong and Miao people.Many children of ethnic minorities asked to join the Red Army, and some of them gave their lives for the revolution after joining the Red Army.The Red Army was able to successfully cross the mountains, rivers, and dangerous shoals in the ethnic minority areas of Guizhou, and it was also inseparable from the support and help of the local ethnic minority people.

Since the debate at the channel meeting was not over, the Central Committee decided to hold a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee in Liping. On December 18, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting in Liping.The meeting was chaired by Zhou Enlai, and the central issue was still the direction of the Red Army's strategic shift.At the meeting, most comrades had a heated argument with Li De.In view of the fact that the enemy had deployed heavy troops in western Hunan and was concentrating their forces in northeastern Guizhou, Mao Zedong once again advocated abandoning the original plan to join the Second and Sixth Red Army Corps, and suggested that the Central Red Army continue to advance westward and establish a new Soviet area in the Sichuan-Guizhou border area.Zhou Enlai and others agreed with Mao Zedong's opinion.After a heated debate, the meeting accepted Mao Zedong's correct proposition and passed the "Decision on Strategic Guidelines" of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.The decision stated: "Given the current situation, the Politburo believes that the past decision to create a new Soviet base in Xiangxi is now impossible and inappropriate."

In order to enable the Central Red Army to cooperate more closely with the Red Fourth Front Army and the Red Second and Sixth Army Corps in the future, and to achieve a more favorable development of the Red Army in terms of politics, economy and the masses, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee pointed out at the meeting The new base area should be the border area of ​​Sichuan and Guizhou. At first, Zunyi should be the center area, and under unfavorable conditions, it should be transferred to the northwest area of ​​Zunyi. This meeting made a historic strategic decision, which left hundreds of thousands of enemy troops in western Hunan and enabled the Red Army to take the initiative.Moreover, the Liping meeting affirmed Mao Zedong's correct opinion and changed the direction of the Central Red Army, thereby avoiding the danger of possible collapse of the Red Army and providing a basis for correcting the military mistakes of the "Left" adventurism represented by Wang Ming in the future. conditions are created.

Later, Zhou Enlai said in a speech about the Liping meeting: "From Laoshanjie to Liping, the debate in Liping was particularly fierce. At this time, Li De advocated turning into eastern Guizhou. This is also very wrong, and it is going to fall into Chiang Kai-shek's A trap. Chairman Mao advocated establishing a base on the Sichuan and Guizhou borders.” After the Liping Conference, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission abolished the Red Eight Army Corps in order to streamline its organization and enrich its combat troops. Except for cadres above the battalion level, the rest of the personnel were incorporated into the Red Fifth Army Corps.Zhou Kun served as the Red Fifth Army Corps

Chen Bojun is the chief of staff of the Fifth Red Army Corps.In addition, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission also decided to merge the first and second columns of the Military Commission into the Military Commission column, with Liu Bocheng as the commander, Chen Yun as the political commissar, and Zhong Weijian as the chief of staff.The Military Commission's column governs the first, second, and third echelons, with the head of the column and head of the first echelon, He Changgong as the commander and political commissar of the second echelon, and Li Weihan as the commander and political commissar of the third echelon.In addition to the three echelons, the cadre regiment and the security regiment are independent combat units, which are directly under the command of the Military Commission's column headquarters.

During the period between the departure of the Central Red Army from the channel and the entry of the Military Commission column into Liping on the 17th, the enemy's situation changed again.Wang Jialie's troops in Guizhou retreated to Shibing, Zhenyuan, and Taijiang areas; the "Central Army" was beginning to advance to Tongren, Yuping, and Tianzhu in an attempt to intercept the Central Red Army's northward advance; flank attack.The situation is very unfavorable for the Red Army. On the 19th, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission ordered the Second Red Army, the Sixth Army Corps and the Fourth Red Front Army to be active in support of the Central Red Army's westward advance.

On the 21st, the General Political Department of the Red Army issued the "Instructions on Realizing the Creation of New Soviet Base Areas on the Border of Sichuan and Guizhou", requiring political organs and staff at all levels to mobilize, go deep into the company, do a good job in propaganda work, and call on all Red Army soldiers , with a hundredfold courage and confidence to strive for the realization of the establishment of a new Soviet area on the border of Sichuan and Guizhou. According to the instructions of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, the Central Red Army was divided into two columns, left and right, and moved towards the border of Sichuan and Guizhou.The Red First Army Corps in the right column set off from Liuji and Nanjiapu areas, marched westward through Jianhe River, and captured Zhenyuan on the 25th and Shibing on the 26th.The Ninth Red Army set out from Lao Jinping, followed by the First Red Army, crossed the Qingshui River from Jianbei, cooperated with the First Red Army to capture Zhenyuan, and guarded the right wing of the Red Army.The Red Army Corps of the left column set off from the northwest area of ​​Liping, passed through the Nanjia and Nanshao areas, and occupied the area south of the Taijiang River on the 24th.The Military Commission column set off from Liping and entered Jianhe on the 24th.After the Fifth Red Army Corps followed the Military Commission column, it arrived at the Nanshao area on the 24th.