Chapter 22 Chapter 21: The Historical Position of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area

The Communist Party of China and its leaders, before the establishment of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base, had always focused their work on the city.During the founding period of the party, from the May 4th Movement to the Beijing-Hanzhou Railway Workers’ Strike, it was mainly in the cities; during the First Great Revolution, from the May 30th Movement, the Provincial and Hong Kong Workers’ Strikes, to the Northern Expedition War of KMT-CPC cooperation, the focus of work was also in the cities The Northern Expedition went from Guangzhou to Wuhan and Shanghai. During this period, the leadership of the Party Central Committee also stationed in the big cities of Shanghai and Wuhan. The Communist Party rose from the pool of blood, and at the August 7th Conference, it determined the general policy of agrarian revolution and armed resistance to the Kuomintang reactionaries, and successively held the August 1st Nanchang Uprising, the Autumn Harvest Uprising and the Guangzhou Uprising.However, due to lack of experience, these uprisings still copied the model of the Russian October Revolution, which centered on the armed uprising of urban workers, with the main goal of attacking the central city, and thus suffered setbacks and losses to varying degrees.For quite a long period of time before and after the failure of the Great Revolution, the leading group of the Communist Party of China still insisted on guiding peasant riots with the urban workers as the center in the understanding and guidance of the armed struggle because they did not get rid of the fetters of the "urban center theory". Chinese revolution.For example, in November 1927, the Enlarged Meeting of the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China passed the "Resolution on the Present Situation of China and the Tasks of the Communist Party", which still believed that: "It is very important to launch urban workers' riots" and "The party's responsibility is to strive to lead the workers' daily struggles." , develop the revolutionary upsurge of the broad masses, organize riots, lead them to armed riots, so that the rioting cities can become the centers and guides of spontaneous peasant riots", "The urban workers' riots are the victory of the revolution consolidated and developed within the huge riots prerequisites". The "Political Resolution" adopted by the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Moscow in June and July of 1928 was correct in its main aspects, but it still did not get rid of the influence of the "city center theory" and insisted that: "City The importance of the leading role and the upsurge of the proletarian masses will show its power to decide the victory." "The main task of the party is to win the majority of the working class."At this time, the focus of the party's work was still on leading urban workers' riots, and the party's leading organs still remained in Shanghai and other big cities for a long time, hoping to seize the central cities through armed riots of urban workers and use them as a revolution. The central bastion, develop the national revolution.Obviously, this kind of "urban-centrism" misleading guidance is completely divorced from the actual situation in China after the failure of the Great Revolution.

The actual situation is that after the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927, the new Kuomintang warlords headed by Chiang Kai-shek established a much stronger and stricter counter-revolutionary rule than the old warlords.Shanghai, Wuhan and other central cities are the places where the counter-revolutionary forces are concentrated and strongest, and they are also the places where the protection against revolutionary forces is the strictest.Due to the failure of the Great Revolution, the revolutionary organizations in these central cities have been severely damaged, and the foundation of revolutionary work has been very weak.Therefore, we must not put the party's small and weak force in the city in a secret state, desperately, to engage in an armed uprising against the overwhelming enemy, such as decisive battles with no possibility of victory, and the focus of the party's work can no longer be placed on the city. up.

So, where is the way out for the Chinese revolution?In rural areas.Since China is a large semi-colonial and semi-feudal country with very uneven political and economic development, it is impossible for the main armed force of Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang to establish a strong counter-revolutionary rule in the extremely vast rural areas of the country; The occurrence of splits and wars further weakened Chiang Kai-shek's power to suppress the revolutionary struggles of the vast rural people; warlords from all over the country had no time to care about the revolutionary struggles in the rural areas under their jurisdiction because they were engaged in melee wars to compete for territory.Therefore, in the vast rural areas where the counter-revolutionary ruling force is relatively weak and the revolutionary force is relatively well-founded, the enemy is out of reach, "the mountains are high and the emperor is far away", the revolutionary force may be restored and developed first, and it is possible to establish revolutionary base areas and small red regimes, thereby Accumulate revolutionary forces, rely on strong rural revolutionary bases, encircle and capture central cities, and win nationwide revolutionary victories.This is the inevitable trend and objective law of the development of the Chinese revolution.After the failure of the Great Revolution, this trend and law were gradually recognized by some sober Chinese Communists. Therefore, they abandoned the "city-centered" model and started a "country-centered" transformation, continuously winning the victory of the revolution.However, a small number of dogmatists still cling to the "city center theory". Even if they are untenable in the cities and forced to retreat to the countryside, they still yearn for the central cities, and continue to suffer failures and setbacks as a result.

Mao Zedong was the main representative who successfully shifted the focus of the party's work from the cities to the countryside after the failure of the Great Revolution.When Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, he also prepared to capture the central city of Changsha in accordance with the plan of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee.However, after the uprising march suffered setbacks and suffered, Mao Zedong judged the situation and within a short period of time, he decisively gave up his plan to go directly to Changsha and made a decision to march to the countryside where the enemy's ruling power was weak. China's first rural revolutionary base - the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base.The establishment of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base has found the right direction for the Chinese revolution and successfully realized the shift of the focus of the Communist Party of China from the city to the countryside.This is a strategic turning point of great significance in the history of our party.As Mao Zedong said: "The revolution failed and learned a painful lesson. So there was the Nanchang Uprising, the Autumn Harvest Uprising and the Guangzhou Uprising, and entered a new period of creating the Red Army. This period is extremely critical for our party to thoroughly understand the importance of the army." period.” The Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base is a successful example of the Communist Party of China’s strategic shift of the focus of the party’s work from the city to the countryside in this “extremely critical period”, and it is a glorious banner of the “country-centered” Chinese revolution.

The Marxist-Leninist theory on violent revolution holds that the fundamental problem of the proletarian revolution is the seizure of power by force.Mao Zedong also said: "The central task and highest form of revolution is to seize power by force and solve problems through war. This Marxist-Leninist revolutionary principle is universally correct, whether in China or abroad, it is correct everywhere." But On the same principle, due to the different national conditions of the proletarian parties in various countries, the specific ways to implement this principle are not the same.People know that due to limitations of time and historical conditions, the founders of Marxism and their successors in Russia, Lenin and Stalin, only provided the theory and practice of the proletariat in western capitalist countries seizing power with armed uprisings of urban workers, while There is no theoretical and practical problem of how colonial and semi-colonial countries seized power by force.In the history of the international communist movement, the proletariat relied on its own strength to successfully seize power twice through armed uprisings by urban workers: one was on March 18, 1871, when the proletariat in Paris relied on 300,000 National Guards to heroically stage an armed uprising and seize power. The regime was established, and the world's first proletarian regime was born - the Paris Commune.However, this "spiritual child of the International", which Engels called it, died after only 72 days of existence.One of the important reasons for the failure of the Paris Commune was that the Commune did not pay enough attention to the peasant problem and did not find a way to unite the peasants.Another successful precedent is the October Revolution in Russia.The October Revolution of 1917 led by Lenin learned the lesson of the 1905 revolution "lack of a solid worker-peasant alliance". With the help of more than 200,000 workers' Red Guards, garrison troops and the Baltic Fleet, the working class first launched an urban armed uprising , to overthrow the reactionary rule of the tsar, and then push the revolution to the countryside.Therefore, Lenin once said: "Without the 'General Exercise' in 1905, there would have been no victory in the October Revolution in 1917." thesis.It can be seen that the orientation of the peasants is the fundamental issue related to the victory of the proletarian revolution. In 1905, although the Bolshevik Party headed by Lenin formulated the strategic line of the "Workers and Peasants Alliance" and did a lot of work for it, due to the constraints of the time, the "solid Workers and Peasants Alliance" was not established. The reasons for the failure to achieve victory in the 1905 revolution.The success of the October Revolution in Russia, which gave birth to the world's first socialist country under the dictatorship of the proletariat and ushered in a new era in human history, is undoubtedly of international significance. This resulted in the path of the October Revolution and paved the way for the world's proletariat. recognized by the political party.

However, the national conditions of each country are not the same.China is a large semi-feudal and semi-colonial country in the East where peasants make up the vast majority. Revolutions in such a country will inevitably encounter many special and complicated problems. possible success.In the late period of the Great Revolution, the Chinese Communist Party tried to follow the road model of the Russian October Revolution and organized three workers’ armed uprisings in Shanghai in order to overthrow the Beiyang warlord’s rule.After the failure of the Great Revolution, Chiang Kai-shek established a powerful counter-revolutionary rule in Shanghai, Nanjing and other central cities. If the Chinese Communist Party uses the only weak armed force to fight the enemy head-on and engage in armed uprisings in the central cities, then It is tantamount to hitting a stone with an egg and killing oneself.From this point of view, there is indeed no ready-made experience to learn from what path the Chinese revolution will take. Instead, it can only be solved by its own originality in practice, and it can only proceed from China's reality and follow its own path.

Under the grim situation after the failure of the Great Revolution, the Chinese Communists represented by Mao Zedong made arduous explorations to create the correct path of the Chinese revolution, and finally found a revolutionary path suitable for China's national conditions—the Jinggangshan Road.The scientific generalization of this road is what Mao Zedong later expressed, the road of "establishing rural bases, encircling the cities with the countryside, and finally seizing the cities". The basic points and connotations of the road of Chinese revolution, that is, the Jinggangshan Road, are: the main form is armed struggle, the basic content is the agrarian revolution, and the fundamental support is the rural base areas.These three are closely related and indispensable.

1. Taking armed struggle as the main form. What kind of struggle is the main form in semi-feudal and semi-colonial China? This is a major issue that the Communist Party of China must first solve in leading the Chinese revolution.In capitalist countries, since there is no national oppression on the outside, some nations oppress other nations, and there is no feudal system internally, but some bourgeois democratic systems.The proletarian parties in these countries can, after a long period of legal struggle, use the forum of the parliament, organize trade unions to educate workers, and carry out legal strikes without having their own army and armed forces.Therefore, the main form of struggle there is legal, bloodless, and non-war.However, China is different.The characteristics of China's national conditions are: it is not an independent democratic country, but a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country, with no national independence externally and no democratic system internally.Consequently, there is no parliament to exploit and no legal right for organized workers to strike.At the same time, the enemies of the Chinese revolution have powerful counter-revolutionary armed forces and practice brutal reactionary rule over the people. They are ferocious enemies armed to the teeth.This is an important feature that distinguishes China from European and American capitalist countries.Therefore, the main form of struggle in the Chinese revolution can only be armed struggle, taking up guns and using revolutionary armed forces to confront counter-revolutionary armed forces.Mao Zedong saw this very clearly and thoroughly after the failure of the Great Revolution. Therefore, at the party's August 7th meeting, he put forward the famous thesis that "power grows out of the barrel of a gun".In "The Struggle in Jinggangshan", it is said: "The struggle on the border is completely a military struggle" and "the so-called separatist regime must be armed."In the later revolutionary struggles, Mao Zedong repeatedly elaborated on this important thought, saying: "In China, the main form of struggle is war, and the main form of organization is the army." "In China, without armed struggle, there is no place for the proletariat, no place for the people, no place for the Communist Party, and no victory for the revolution." Therefore, armed struggle is the main form of struggle in the Chinese revolution, and this Armed struggle must be long-term and organized in the form of the army. "Because our enemy is extremely powerful, the revolutionary force cannot be accumulated and tempered in a long period of time to become a force capable of finally defeating the enemy." Of course, the Chinese revolution takes long-term armed struggle as the main form, which does not mean that it cannot Give up or ignore other forms of struggle. Only with the cooperation of other forms of struggle can the armed struggle be carried out smoothly and the revolution win the final victory.

2. Taking the land revolution as the basic content. The peasant question is the basic question of the Chinese revolution.The essence of the Chinese bourgeois democratic revolution is the peasant revolution, and the essence of the Chinese revolutionary war is the peasant war.At the heart of the peasant question, however, was the question of the agrarian revolution.China is a large semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. More than 80% of the population is peasants. They have been exploited and oppressed by the feudal landlord class for a long time, and they have a strong demand for retaking the land deprived by the landlord class.Mao Zedong clearly pointed out during the Jinggangshan period: "The content of China's democratic revolution, in accordance with the instructions of the international and the central government, includes overthrowing the rule of imperialism and its tool warlords in China, completing the national revolution, and implementing the agrarian revolution, eliminating the tyrant class's influence on the peasants. feudal exploitation.” Mao Zedong: “Why Can China’s Red Regime Exist? ".Therefore, in China, if the proletariat wants to lead the people of the whole country to victory in the democratic revolution, it must send its own vanguard to go deep into the countryside, mobilize and arm the peasants, and carry out the Agrarian Revolutionary Movement to fight the local tyrants and divide the land. Only the Workers and Peasants Alliance can find and rely on the peasants, the main force of the revolution.If the Chinese revolution lost the support of the peasants and lost the main force of the peasants, it would be impossible to establish a Red Army of Workers and Peasants with peasants as the main body, and it would be impossible to establish a revolutionary base area based on peasants, so the revolution would not be successful.Farmers are the most practical.The biggest and most pressing problem for the peasants is the land problem.Therefore, solving the peasants' land problem is the central task of the Party in the countryside and the best key to mobilizing the peasants.The Chinese Communists represented by Mao Zedong put forward the important policy of "deepening the agrarian revolution in the separatist areas" at the "1st National Congress" of the Border Party in May 1928 shortly after creating the situation of "armed separatism of workers and peasants" in Jinggangshan, and established He established the Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Government on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi, and specifically led the Agrarian Revolutionary Movement.From May to July of that year, the land struggle on the border entered a stage of full-scale development from guerrilla riots, and the climax of Oita fields appeared one after another in various counties, which greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of farmers in the base areas and further liberated rural productivity. A solid base in the red zone. In December 1928, the promulgation of the "Jinggangshan Land Law" drafted by Mao Zedong himself marked the birth of the first land law of the Communist Party of China during the Agrarian Revolutionary War.Subsequently, after more than three years of agrarian revolution practice from Jinggangshan to the Central Soviet Area, the Chinese Communist Party gradually formed a relatively complete and mature Marxist-Leninist line of agrarian revolution.This is the agrarian revolutionary line of relying on the poor and hired peasants, uniting with the middle peasants, restricting the rich peasants, eliminating the landlord class, and changing the feudal and semi-feudal land ownership system into peasant land ownership.This line of agrarian revolution is the product of the combination of Marxism-Leninism and the reality of the Chinese revolution, and it has universal guiding significance in the Chinese revolution for a long period of time.

3. Relying on rural base areas. While organizing armed struggle and carrying out the agrarian revolution, the Chinese revolution must also establish rural revolutionary base areas, which is also determined by the actual situation of the Chinese revolution.Due to the protracted and brutal nature of the Chinese revolution, the enemies of the revolution, in order to maintain their reactionary rule, resorted to extremely cruel means to suppress the people's revolutionary forces who dared to use armed forces or even organize revolutionary troops to resist the reactionary rule.In order for the Communists and the revolutionary forces to persevere in the long-term and cruel struggle against the enemy and not to be wiped out by the enemy, in order to accumulate and train their own ranks in the long-term revolutionary war against the enemy, and to avoid being temporarily defeated by the revolutionary forces When the weak are in a contest with a strong enemy to decide the outcome, there must be a place where the revolutionary force can gain a foothold and the revolutionary army can camp and recuperate. This requires the establishment of a rural revolutionary base.The practice of the Chinese revolution has proved that the revolutionary base areas are the fundamental support for the survival and development of the revolutionary people and the revolution.As Mao Zedong said: "What is a base area? It is a strategic base that guerrilla warfare relies on to carry out its own strategic tasks, to achieve the purpose of preserving and developing itself, and destroying and expelling the enemy. Without such a strategic base, the execution of all strategic tasks would be impossible." One of the important reasons for the failure of many peasant wars in the form of rogue bandits in history is the idea of ​​having no base.Therefore, "the backward countryside must be turned into an advanced and solid base, a great military, political, economic, and cultural revolutionary front, so as to oppose the ferocious enemy who uses the cities to attack the rural areas, so as to step by step in the long-term battle." strive for the complete victory of the revolution".The Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base is exactly such a "great revolutionary position", and it is the starting point for winning the victory of the national revolution.During the establishment of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base, there was also a trend of "rogueism" in the Party and the Red Army at that time, which was keen to travel across the state, eat meat, and despise the establishment of the base area and the red regime. Mobile guerrilla methods are used to expand political influence, and when the work of winning over the masses is done in various places, there will be a nationwide armed uprising, which will become a nationwide revolution.Mao Zedong criticized: "This nationwide, including all local, theory of first winning over the masses and then establishing political power is not suitable for the actual situation of the Chinese revolution." Mao Zedong: "A single spark can start a prairie fire."Mao Zedong also clearly pointed out: "The establishment and development of the Red Army, guerrillas and red areas are the highest form of peasant struggle under the leadership of the proletariat in semi-colonial China, and the inevitable result of the development of semi-colonial peasant struggle; The most important factor in promoting the national revolutionary upsurge." Mao Zedong: "A single spark can start a prairie fire."The Chinese revolution relied on such a small or several small rural revolutionary base areas to move forward in waves, develop and grow into basic regions of the country piece by piece, and finally encircle the cities with the countryside and seize the victory of the national revolution by force.

To sum up, the Chinese revolution takes armed struggle as the main form, the agrarian revolution as the basic content, the rural base areas as the fundamental support, and finally the revolutionary road of encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing national power by armed forces. The great pioneering work of combining revolutionary reality is the correct path of the Chinese-style armed seizure of power, and it is a major development of Marxism-Leninism by Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China.The Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base is the great starting point and experimental base of the road of Chinese revolution. The foundation of theory is practice.Any scientific theory is formed on the basis of summarizing the rich experience of human practical activities.Mao Zedong Thought, which was born in the "late 1920s and early 1930s", is "the Chinese Communists, mainly represented by Comrade Mao Zedong, based on the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism, a series of original ideas from China's long-term revolutionary practice. made a theoretical generalization of sexual experience and formed a scientific guiding ideology suitable for China's situation". People know that "the late 1920s and early 1930s" was the period when the Chinese Communists, mainly represented by Mao Zedong, were fighting in the base areas in Jinggangshan and the Central Soviet Area.In Jinggangshan, Mao Zedong not only led the Jinggangshan army and civilians to open up the correct path of the Chinese revolution in practice and created extremely rich revolutionary experience, but also made a theoretical summary of "a series of original experiences" of the Jinggangshan struggle, and made a theoretical creation. Thus laying a solid foundation for Mao Zedong Thought. So, how did Mao Zedong theoretically summarize the "series of original experiences" of the Jinggangshan struggle?What was the main content of Mao Zedong's theoretical creation during the Jinggangshan period?According to our research, there are mainly the following six aspects: 1. Thoughts on "armed separatism of workers and peasants". The idea of ​​"armed separatism of workers and peasants", that is, the idea of ​​the red regime, is the general concept of the trinity of carrying out armed struggle, implementing agrarian revolution, and establishing revolutionary base areas under the leadership of the Communist Party, which is the idea of ​​"centering on the countryside".Mao Zedong pointed out: "The idea of ​​'armed separatism of workers and peasants' is an important idea that the Communist Party and the masses of workers and peasants in separate areas must fully possess." Mao Zedong: "Why can China's red regime exist?" ".This thought of Mao Zedong was gradually formed and scientifically summarized on the basis of absorbing the experience and lessons of Chinese peasant leaders, mountain kings and feudal warlords in the past, especially on the basis of summarizing the experience of the armed struggle of workers and peasants in the Hunan and Jiangxi borders.If the Party and the Red Army did not have "the profound concept of "armed separation of workers and peasants" and "the establishment of a red regime", they would not have "the profound concept of using the consolidation and expansion of this red regime to promote the national revolutionary upsurge".In order to form a profound concept of "armed separatism of workers and peasants" and the red regime, Mao Zedong theoretically demonstrated the conditions for the existence and development of the armed separatist regime of workers and peasants and the red regime surrounded by the white regime, and pointed out the influence and future of its existence and development: The significance of the workers' and peasants' armed separatist regime in Hunan, Jiangxi, and Jiangxi borders with Ningkang as the center is by no means limited to the counties along the border.Mao Zedong: "Why Can China's Red Regime Exist?" ". "And these red areas will continue to develop, and they are getting closer to the acquisition of national power." It can be seen that Mao Zedong put forward the idea of ​​​​"armed separatist regimes between workers and peasants" to "seizing power in the three provinces" to "getting closer to the acquisition of national power". It is a bold and mature strategic conception, as well as a far-sighted and original theoretical summary.This kind of strategic conception and theoretical generalization undoubtedly laid an important foundation for the theory of the Chinese revolutionary road of encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing national power by armed forces. 2. On the construction of the people's army and guerrilla tactics. Since the reorganization of Sanwan, Mao Zedong established the principle of "building branches on the company" and the party representative system, establishing the party's absolute leadership over the army; "Item Attention"; pioneered the people's army system that combines the regular Red Army, local Red Guards and riot teams; implemented the military-civilian unity, military-political unity, officer-soldier unity principle and democratic system, and the policy of correct treatment of captives, etc.At the same time, Mao Zedong also created and proposed the famous "Sixteen-Character Jue" of "When the enemy advances, we retreat, when the enemy is stationed, we harass, when the enemy is tired, we attack, and when the enemy retreats, we pursue", and "divide the troops to mobilize the masses, concentrate to deal with the enemy." ", "Separate regimes in fixed areas, use a wave-like advance policy, follow up with strong enemies, and use a circling policy of fighting in circles" and a set of guerrilla warfare tactical principles.These are all raised in the practice of the Jinggangshan struggle.When Mao Zedong summed up the experience of the Red Army's struggle, he pointed out: "The Red Army fought hard and did not collapse. 'The branch is built on the company' is an important reason." "The party representative system has been proved by experience that it cannot be abolished." Mao Zedong: "Jinggangshan struggle".This important idea was brought into full play in December 1929 at the "Ninth National Congress" (that is, the Gutian Conference) of the Fourth Red Army Party.Mao Zedong said: "China's Red Army is an armed group that performs revolutionary political tasks." If it breaks away from the leadership of the party, "there is a danger of going away from the masses, using the army to control the political power, and leaving the leadership of the proletariat. The path of warlordism is the same.”This further clarifies the nature and purpose of the people's army and the principle of the party commanding the gun.From the Jinggangshan struggle to the Gutian meeting, it was an important stage in the formation of Mao Zedong's military line. 3. Thoughts and policies on the agrarian revolution. When Mao Zedong was in Jinggangshan, he proposed that the content of the democratic revolution was mainly to "implement land revolution", and pointed out: "The content of China's democratic revolution, in accordance with the instructions of the international and the central government, includes overthrowing the rule of imperialism and its tool warlords in China. , complete the national revolution, carry out the agrarian revolution, and eliminate the feudal exploitation of the peasantry by the gentry class.”Mao Zedong: "Why Can China's Red Regime Exist?" ".In May 1928, at the Party Congress on the Hunan-Jiangxi border, the policy of "deepening the agrarian revolution in the separatist areas" was put forward, and then set off a storm of agrarian revolution on the Hunan-Jiangxi border.In the land struggle, due to "the policy of confiscation and distribution of land in the border area", it was once "greatly hindered by the middle class", and there was a phenomenon of "delay in dividing land and concealing land" until after the victory at Longyuankou , to give full play to the power of the Red Army, dealt with some people who delayed the division of land, and then actually divided it. In December 1928, Mao Zedong summed up the experience of the Jinggangshan land struggle in the past year, personally drafted and presided over the formulation of the first land law in my country's rural revolutionary base areas - "Jinggangshan Land Law", which clearly stipulated the principles and standards of land distribution within the base area A series of specific policies, such as land taxation, methods, and land tax collection, have become policy guidelines for the land struggle on the Hunan-Jiangxi border.Because "there was no experience before this", this land law also had defects such as "confiscation of all land and not only the land of landlords", "land ownership belongs to the government rather than farmers", and "land trading is prohibited". However, the "Jinggangshan Land Law" is still the first relatively complete land law of the Communist Party of China in the early days of the Agrarian Revolutionary War.It not only directly guided the land struggle on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, but also provided fresh and valuable experience for the large-scale land struggle in the Central Soviet Area, and made a groundbreaking contribution to the formation of the line and policy of our party's land revolution. 3. Thoughts on the construction of base areas. During the struggle in Jinggangshan, Mao Zedong always attached great importance to the construction of the base area; first, Mao Zedong put forward the idea of ​​"taking Ninggang as the base camp".The base camp is the heart and fortress of the base area. If the base camp is not well built and consolidated, the base area will have worries.Mao Zedong pointed out: "Ningkang can become a military base camp because the mountains are large and dangerous, the road leads to two provinces, the victory can be defended, the defeat can be run away, and the enemy can never surround me. If we add the counties The foundation of the party and the masses can really fight the enemy for a long time. If you leave Ningkang easily at this moment, 'the tiger will fall into Pingyang and be bullied by dogs', the Fourth Army will be very dangerous." The attack on Hunan under the order of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee led to the "August "Failure" just proves how important the "base camp" thinking is. "This painful experience is worth remembering from time to time."Secondly, Mao Zedong put forward the idea of ​​"establishing a solid foundation for the central region".This is an important guarantee for consolidating the base camp. The specific measure of "establishing a solid foundation for the central area" is to vigorously manage Yongxin.In Mao Zedong's view, "Yongxin is more important than a country".He not only ordered the main force of the Red Army to carry out "short-range division of troops" in Yongxin, helped the localities carry out the agrarian revolution, develop the armed forces of the masses, and establish a red political power, but also personally led the troops to stay in Yongxintang, Xiayou and other places to investigate and study , to draft a program for dividing the fields.Thirdly, Mao Zedong also paid great attention to the political power construction and economic struggle in the base areas.He criticized the phenomenon of "the evil habit of dictatorship" and the phenomenon of the unity of the party and the government in the construction of the regime. ", advocated that "the party must perform the task of leading the government", but "it must be carried out through the organization of the government".During the struggle in Jinggangshan, due to the enemy's blockade, the economy was once very difficult, "sometimes it really reached the extreme."However, Mao Zedong pointed out: "This kind of difficulty is of course unavoidable before the general power of the whole country is obtained." "A considerable solution to this economic problem really deserves the attention of every party member."With the joint efforts of the army and the people in Jinggangshan, a lot of experience in economic struggle was created and the difficulties were overcome.In addition, in the later period of the struggle in the base areas, Mao Zedong made the construction of two military bases, Jinggangshan (Small and Small Wells) and Jiulongshan, as a major task of the border party, and believed that "it is necessary for the red separatists in the middle of the surrounding white regimes to take advantage of the dangers of the mountains." ".Mao Zedong's above-mentioned thoughts have played an important guiding role in the construction and consolidation of the Jinggangshan base area. 4. Regarding the guiding ideology of policies and strategies. Policies and strategies are the life of the party, the starting point and destination of all actions of the party and the Red Army.The border party headed by Mao Zedong summed up and summarized a whole set of policies and strategies for the struggle against the enemy in the practice of the Jinggangshan struggle: Fighting against the enemy, forming a political power in the middle of the Luo Xiao Mountains, opposing escapeism; going deep into the land revolution in the separatist areas; the party in the army helps the development of the local party, and the armed forces in the army help the development of the local armed forces; take a defensive position against Hunan, which has a relatively strong ruling force , take an offensive against Jiangxi, where the ruling power is relatively weak; use vigorous management of Yongxin, create a separatist regime for the masses, and arrange for a long-term struggle; concentrate the Red Army's cameras to meet the current enemy, oppose the division of troops, and avoid being defeated by the enemy; the expansion of the separatist regime takes a wave form It is because of the appropriateness of these tactics and the fact that the terrain of the border is conducive to struggle that the offensive troops in the two provinces of Hunan and Jiangxi are not consistent, so there are military victories and mass campaigns in the four months from April to July. The development of separatist regimes." Mao Zedong: "The Struggle in Jinggangshan".These policies and tactics of the struggle against the enemy are theoretical summaries of Jinggangshan struggle experience, Mao Zedong’s unique creation in the early days of the Red Army, shining with the brilliance of Marxist-Leninist strategic thinking, and have a great influence on the Chinese Communists’ military struggles in the Central Soviet Area and later. important influence. 5. Thoughts on Party building in the rural environment. In a country where the proletariat is small and peasants and other petty bourgeoisie make up the majority of the population, it is an extremely difficult task to build a Marxist-Leninist proletarian party with broad masses.Mao Zedong sighed when he was in Jinggang Mountains: On the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, "the party's organization in the village, due to the relationship of residence, many party members with the same surname form a branch, and the branch meeting is simply a family meeting. In this case,' The struggle of the Bolshevik Party'building is really rare." Mao Zedong said "really rare", which expresses the hardships and difficulties of party building in a rural environment.At the same time, what is even more troublesome is that "localism among counties is very heavy", and even "districts and even townships also have deep localism"; , all counties along the border, "Ningkang's problem is the most serious", often causing disputes, and even a pattern of "local party, Hakka gun".In response to this situation, Mao Zedong and the border special committee conducted profound education at the two border party congresses, and launched the first party rectification campaign in the history of the development of the Communist Party of China-the "party cleansing" in September. "Re-registration" is strictly restricted to purify the party ranks and improve the party organization.Most importantly, Mao Zedong put forward the principle of building the party ideologically.He pointed out: "We feel that the issue of the ideological leadership of the proletariat is a very important issue. The parties in the border counties are almost entirely composed of peasants. If they are not given the ideological leadership of the proletariat, they will tend to make mistakes. of." Mao Zedong: "The Struggle in Jinggangshan".This thought of Mao Zedong is a major development of the Marxist-Leninist theory of party building.Due to changes in the current situation, this important thought of Mao Zedong did not have time to be fully developed and elucidated in Jinggang Mountains. It was not until December 1929 during the Gutian Conference that Mao Zedong made a systematic and profound elaboration, writing and publishing "On Correcting Wrong Thoughts in the Party" ", established the Marxist-Leninist party-building line of the Communist Party of China.It can be seen that the core idea of ​​our party's party building line - the principle of ideologically building the party was first proposed by Mao Zedong during the struggle in Jinggangshan. 毛泽东在井冈山时期的理论贡献，集中地表现在毛泽东的科学著作中。其主要标志就是《中国的红色政权为什么能够存在？》和《井冈山的斗争》，以及稍后撰写的《星星之火，可以燎原》三篇光辉著作。 此外，如《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》所指出的，毛泽东思想的活的灵魂，有三个基本方面，即实事求是、群众路线、独立自主。这三个方面的思想，可以说贯穿于井冈山斗争的全过程。一部井冈山斗争史，就是坚持马克思列宁主义与中国革命实际相结合，一切从实际出发、实事求是的历史；就是坚持群众路线、发动和依靠人民群众实行“工农武装割据”的历史；就是坚持独立自主、自力更生原则，发扬艰苦奋斗优良传统的历史。这三个方面的具体内涵，内含在本书的各个篇章，此处就不复赘言了。 总之，井冈山革命根据地的斗争经验是极为丰富的。毛泽东对中国共产党人创造的井冈山斗争的丰富经验进行了科学的理论概括，探索出以农村包围城市、武装夺取政权的中国革命道路理论，这就为毛泽东思想的形成投下了一块坚实、厚重的奠基石。因为作为马克思列宁主义与中国革命实际相结合的产物——毛泽东思想的最显著标志，是中国革命以农村包围城市、武装夺取政权道路理论的形成。而中国革命的这一正确理论，正是以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人在井冈山斗争时期创立的。由此可见，井冈山革命根据地是毛泽东思想形成的重要发祥地。