Chapter 17 Chapter XVI

The news that Peng Dehuai led the Fifth Red Army to Jinggangshan to join Zhu Mao's Red Army soon spread to the Nanjing Presidential Palace.Chiang Kai-shek was so angry that he replaced Zhu Peide and appointed He Jian as the acting commander-in-chief of the "Hunan-Jiangxi Bandit Suppression Headquarters", and launched the third "conference suppression" campaign against the Red Army and the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base. The enemy forces in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces have been plotting the third "conference and suppression" plan against the Red Army and the base areas for a long time.After the bankruptcy of the second "meeting suppression" in mid-July, preparations for planning the third "meeting suppression" began in early November.This was disclosed in the "Declaration" on November 10, 1928. The "Declaration" records like this: "Recently, Lu Diping and He Jian called Zhu Peide to discuss the plan for the third meeting and suppression. Zhu has sent Lei Pingzhou as a representative to come to Hunan to visit Shandong a few days ago to discuss all methods of meeting and suppression. Detailed regulations, brought back to Nanchang. Xu Dezhu agreed, and led by Zhu, petitioned the Central Committee to appoint He Jian as the interim commander of the Hunan-Jiangxi Conquest, and all the two provinces will be under the command, and the two provinces will be responsible for the funds for the conquest The plan for this campaign has very detailed regulations on the movement of signal flags and routes, which are roughly as follows: (A) For the campaign troops, the 4th Brigade in Jiangxi Province and the 6th Regiment in Hunan Province. Zhou Zeyuan of the 4th Brigade, Liu Shiyi of the 15th Brigade, Yang Chisheng of the 21st Brigade of the 7th Division (there is a mistake here, it should be Li Wenbin—the quoter’s note), Wei Chu of the 35th Brigade of the 12th Division; Hunan Provincial Troops , the 2nd Regiment of He Jian's Department, the 3rd Regiment of Wu Shang's Department, and the 1st Regiment of the Second Army were dispatched by Lu Diping. The total number of suppressing forces in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces was 4 brigades and 6 regiments, with a population of more than 30,000. (B) Plan for the suppression campaign: Liu Shiyi The two brigades of Wei Chu and Zhou Zeyuan marched from Ninggang to Jinggangshan from Suichuan, the two brigades of Yang Chisheng and Yang Chisheng marched from Suichuan to Wujing and Xiaowujing, the two regiments of He Jian's department marched from eastern Guangxi to Wujing and Xiaowujing in Jiangxi, and the 3rd regiment of Wu Shang's department went from Cha and You to Jiangxi During the campaign against Jinggang Mountains, the 1st Regiment of the Second Army advanced from Liling to Youxian County, serving as the reserve force of the Wushang Army. (C) The date of the campaign: He Jian provisionally stipulated that all the troops of the campaign should be concentrated and completed before November 10. Waiting for regular and simultaneous mobilization."

In late November, Zhu Peide appointed Wang Jun, commander of the 7th Division, and Jin Handing, commander of the 12th Division, as the chief and deputy commanders of the "bandit suppression" in Jiangxi. The 15th Class Brigade attacked Ningkang, Yongxin and Lianhua from Ji'an branch.As a result, Lu Diping, the Hunan enemy, was not motivated and did not move out according to the original plan. Zhu Mao's previous campaigns were defeated by Zhu Mao. accomplish. In late December, Lu Diping took office as the commander-in-chief of the Hunan-Jiangxi "Council and Suppression" and chairman of the Jiangxi Provincial Government of the Kuomintang.Therefore, Tang Xibian was sent as a representative to go to Hunan to urge He Jian to take up the post of acting commander-in-chief of the Hunan-Jiangxi "Communist Suppression" General Headquarters, and quickly dispatched troops to "suppress the Communist Party".After He Jian received Chiang Kai-shek's telegram, he had mixed feelings.The joy is that Chiang Kai-shek put him above Zhu Peide, and the "conference and suppression" troops in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces were under his command; the worry is that Zhu Mao's Red Army was already difficult to deal with, and now there is another Peng Dehuai, who is worried that Zhu Peide will not cooperate sincerely. end.However, due to the repeated "urging" by the Jiangxi side, they half-pushed and half-heartedly started to organize the headquarters from December 26.For a time, between Nanchang, Changsha, Hengyang, and Pingxiang, telegrams were sent frequently, and the arrogance was blazing.

On January 1, 1929, at the beginning of New Year's Day, the headquarters of the Hunan-Jiangxi "Hui Suppression" was established in Pingxiang, Jiangxi, and He Jian was sworn in.Amid the uproar, He Jian served as the acting commander-in-chief, Jin Handing as the deputy commander-in-chief, Liu Qingchu as the chief of staff, Liu Pengnian as the secretary-general, He Zhichao as the deputy chief, Zhou Anhan as the chief of the military law department, and Yi Shuzhu as the chief of Fusui. December 28, 1928 "Declaration". It was determined by the planning of Hunan and Jiangxi provinces: a total of 6 brigades and 18 regiments from the two provinces were mobilized, and they were divided into five routes to launch a "meeting suppression" campaign against the Jinggangshan revolutionary base.The deployment of its forces is as follows: the first route is the 21st brigade of the Jiangxi enemy Li Wenbin and the 15th brigade of Liu Shiyi, stationed in Suichuan and Ganzhou respectively, Li Wenbin is the commander; the second route is the 35th brigade of Zhang Xingren and Zhou Hun The 34th brigade of the Yuan Dynasty was stationed in Taihe and Yongxin, with Zhang Xingren as the commander; the third group was stationed in Hunan Wang Jiejun's 3 regiments, stationed in Jiangxi's Lianhua, and Wang Jiejun was the commander; the fourth group was Wu Shang's 1 brigade stationed in Ling County, Chaling, Wu Shang is the commander; the fifth road is Liu Jianxu's department, stationed in Guidong, Hunan, Liu Jianxu is the commander.He Jian ordered troops from all walks of life to enter the designated location before January 10, preparing to encircle them layer by layer, advance step by step, and finally join forces in an attempt to wipe out the Red Army in one fell swoop and bloodbath Jinggangshan.Based on Yang Kemin's "Comprehensive Report on the Situation of the Hunan-Jiangxi Frontier Soviet Area" and enemy and puppet materials, "Hunan Republic News", "Declaration" and related telegrams.

For a while, around the Jinggangshan base area, black mist filled the air, full of murderous aura.The enemy's third "suppression meeting" in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces is ready and will be launched soon. The news that the enemy "will suppress" Jinggangshan soon spread to the headquarters of the Red Army on the border.Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Chen Yi, Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan and others all felt the seriousness of the situation.The enemy's 6 brigades and 18 regiments are about to pounce, but our Red Army has only 4 regiments at best, and the disparity in strength is too great.The leaders of the Red Army were all calmly thinking about ways to defeat the enemy.

At this time, many important documents such as the resolution of the "Sixth National Congress" of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China were sent to the border.To this end, Mao Zedong discussed with Zhu De, Chen Yi, Peng Dehuai, etc., and decided to immediately convene a joint meeting between the army and the local party to convey the resolution of the "Sixth National Congress" and study the strategy for facing the war. On January 4, 1929, "the former committee convened the Standing Committee of the Fourth and Fifth Armed Forces, the Standing Committee of the CP and CY Special Committees, and the committees of Ninggang, Yongxin, Suichuan, Lingxian, Lianhua County, Chaling Special District Committee and the 20th Army of the Fourth Army The joint meeting of representatives of the Eighth Regiment, the Thirty-first Regiment, the Second Battalion of the Thirty-two Regiment, and the Five Brigades of the Fifth Army was held in Hengdian, Bailu Village, Ninggang County.More than 60 people including Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Chen Yi, Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan, Yuan Wencai, Wang Zuo, He Changgong, Tan Zhenlin and Chen Zhengren attended the meeting.The meeting was presided over by former party secretary Mao Zedong.

The main agenda of the meeting is: 1. Convey the relevant resolutions of the Sixth National Congress of the Party; 2. Adopt the report of the former committee to the Central Committee (that is, "The Struggle in Jinggang Mountains"); How to deal with the enemy's "meeting suppression". When discussing how to deal with the enemy's "meeting suppression", there was a heated debate among the participants.The main differences of opinion are as follows: some advocated to stick to the danger, some advocated to go to Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, some advocated to go to southern Hunan, and some advocated to go to southern Jiangxi.

Mao Zedong made a speech at the meeting.He calmly analyzed the situation at the time, pointing out: In the current situation where the strength of the enemy and ourselves is very different, it is not conducive to us to defend against danger, and the enemy is coming fiercely, showing great determination. Supplies are meager, and although there is assistance from the masses, it is difficult to win.However, the Jinggangshan revolutionary base cannot be given up.In order to keep the red political power in the Jinggangshan base area that has been in operation for more than a year, we must take active actions and take advantage of the enemy's loopholes.When the enemy is coming from one side, we will fight out from the other side, detour the enemy's rear, make the enemy hard to deal with, obtain the effective force to destroy the enemy from the outside, and break the enemy's "congregate suppression"; implement the strategic plan of "encircling Wei and saving Zhao", affecting Border, in order to solve the danger of Jinggangshan.

Mao Zedong's proposition won the approval of most people.The meeting not only rejected the passive defense view that the base area could not solve the economic difficulties, but also opposed the escapeism that advocated all transfers instead of the base areas. . The meeting decided: the Red Fourth Army and the Red Fifth Army will be mixed, and the five armies and three columns will be organized into the fourth army and thirty regiments.Peng Dehuai served as the deputy commander of the Fourth Red Army and the head of the 30th Regiment, and Teng Daiyuan served as the deputy party representative of the Fourth Red Army and the representative of the 30th Regiment.Peng Dehuai led the Red 30th Regiment and the Red 32nd Regiment to defend Jinggangshan; most of the Fourth Red Army attacked southern Jiangxi to attract the enemy, and turned back to fight from behind the enemy to "break the encirclement" together.

Why did the Fourth Red Army decide to attack southern Jiangxi?Considering that the borders of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi are relatively close to big cities, they are located between Wuhan, Changsha and Nanchang, with Ganjiang and Nanxun Railways in the east, Xiangjiang River and Guangdong-Han Railway in the west, the Yangtze River in the north, and the Zhuping Railway in the south. , the area is small, and the Red Army is not suitable to go there.The enemy in southern Hunan is strong and easy to gather, and the mass struggle has not yet resumed, so it is not suitable to go there.However, southern Jiangxi is more suitable. First, the roads in the mountains are close; second, there are abundant materials and sufficient economic support; Fifth, there is the Red Army led by Fang Zhimin in Northeast Jiangxi, and the Second and Fourth Independent Regiments of the Jiangxi Red Army in Donggu, Ji'an, which can cooperate and support each other; Sixth, in the letter from the Central Committee on June 4, there are also instructions to develop to southern Jiangxi .Therefore, on the basis of careful discussion and analysis, the meeting decided that it was most appropriate to go to southern Jiangxi. "Interview with Chen Bojun Records", April 28, 1962, materials in the internal collection.

The Park Road meeting ended on January 7.During the meeting, Mao Zedong also called Zhu De, Chen Yi, Peng Dehuai, Tan Zhenlin, Wang Huai, Long Chaoqing and others to hold a small-scale meeting on the issue of "killing bandit leaders" in the resolution of the "Sixth National Congress" (because of Yuan Wencai, Wang Zuo was present, Mao Zedong omitted Wei Nian and said: "Take a break"), and discussed the specific situation of Yuan and Wang.At the meeting, Wang Huai and Long Chaoqing advocated killing Yuan and Wang.Mao Zedong put forward the opinion of specific analysis of the specific situation and the inability to mechanically implement the instructions of the superiors. He believed that Yuan Wencai was a party member during the Great Revolution and was not a "bandit". After Wang Zuo joined the Red Army, he was active and joined the party organization , so neither Yuan nor Wang could be killed.Most of the comrades present at the meeting agreed with Mao Zedong's opinion.Mao Zedong "did a lot of work." "Finally, the meeting decided not to kill Yuan and Wang." Chen Zhengren: "Chairman Mao's Great Practice in Establishing the Jinggangshan Base".

After the Bailu meeting, the party organizations in the border counties mobilized the masses extensively, together with the troops, they once again strengthened the fortifications and carried food up the mountain, making full ideological and material preparations for defending the Jinggangshan revolutionary base. The "offensive defense" strategy adopted by the Bolu Conference was a positive strategy and a strategy that was in line with the reality at the time.Later facts proved that if the Fourth Red Army did not take the initiative to withdraw, the consequences would be unimaginable.Although the Fourth Red Army failed to realize its plan of "surrounding Wei and saving Zhao" due to changes in the situation after its attack on southern Jiangxi, the Fourth Red Army gradually established a central revolutionary base in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian after many battles and hard work.Therefore, the Bolu Conference was an important meeting during the Agrarian Revolution.Of course, the main purpose of adopting this strategy at the Bailu Conference at that time was to solve the economic supply and break the enemy's "congregate suppression", so as to relieve the crisis in Jinggang. Some people say: "It's great to go up the mountain, but it's also great to go down the mountain." This statement is not without reason.From another perspective, going up the mountain is innovation, and going down the mountain is also innovation.The Fourth Red Army went down the mountain to attack southern Jiangxi, seeking more space for development, and created a new and larger revolutionary base. After the Bailu meeting, the Front Committee and Mao Zedong carried out a series of intense work: to inform the officers and soldiers of the Red Army of the enemy's situation, unify their thinking, and prepare for the battle; The Guard Brigade and the Riot Team formed the Frontier Red Guard Corps, with Yan Hui as the commander-in-chief and Liu Zuoshu as the party representative. They were deployed in a unified manner to stick to the Jiulongshan military base and to serve as horns with the Jinggangshan military base. Some necessary personnel adjustments were made to adapt to the war. According to the actual situation of Yang Kaiming’s long-term illness and inability to work, the border special committee was reorganized, with Deng Qianyuan as the secretary, and Deng Qianyuan, Teng Daiyuan, Chen Zhengren, Wan Xixian, and Zhu Changkai as the standing committee, to coordinate the border masses’ preparations for the war against the "congress suppression" and mobilization and organization work; the former secretary of the special committee Tan Zhenlin was transferred to the secretary of the former committee's employee movement committee, specializing in military employee movement work; Yuan Wencai was transferred to the chief of staff of the Fourth Red Army; The Fourth Red Army went out; in order to further strengthen the strength of the mountain guards, Mao Zedong held a meeting of the former committee in Xiazhuang on January 13. According to the request of the Fifth Red Army and the Thirty-two Regiment, a group of capable cadres were transferred from the Fourth Red Army , Enrich the leadership of the mountain guard troops, appoint Zhang Ziqing as the chief of staff of the Fifth Red Army, Chen Bojun and Chen Yi'an as the staff of the Fifth Red Army, Li Keru, You Xuechen, Xu Yangang and others stayed in corresponding positions; He Changgong served as the secretary of the Ninggang Central County Party Committee and the 32nd Regiment Party representatives. From January 10, 1929, the main forces of the Fourth Red Army began to assemble in Ciping and Xiaoxingzhou. Mao Zedong and Zhu De mobilized them politically, organized military training, and arranged attack routes and sequences. On January 14, the main force of the Fourth Red Army, with more than 3,600 people, led by Mao Zedong and Zhu De, attacked southern Jiangxi in two ways.All the way through Xiazhuang, Xiaoxingzhou, and Huang'ao, all the way through Jingzhu Mountain, and into the territory of Suichuan, forming a road. On the day when the Fourth Red Army went down the mountain, the commanders and fighters of the Fifth Red Army and the 32nd Regiment, as well as "hundreds of people at the bottom of the mountain" on the mountain came to see off the main force of the Fourth Red Army in the snow.The soldiers held each other's hands tightly, reluctant to part for a long time, and couldn't say enough words from their hearts.The people seeing off one after another stuffed boiled eggs, cloth shoes, tobacco leaves, etc. into the purses of the soldiers of the Fourth Red Army.The commanders and fighters of the Fourth Red Army thought that they were about to leave the red base area they had raised and operated for more than a year, and they were also reluctant to leave.For a while, there were sounds of farewell, comfort, encouragement, and crying, and the scene was extremely tragic and touching. The main force of the Fourth Red Army marched through the snow.During the march, the troops posted the "Proclamation of the Fourth Army Command of the Red Army" drafted by Mao Zedong.This famous four-character proclamation pointed out that the purpose of the Red Army is: civil rights revolution, overthrowing the great powers, overthrowing warlords, and unifying China.The notice also publicized various policies and propositions of the Communist Party of China during the period of the democratic revolution, and called on workers and peasants across the country to work hard to complete the tasks of the democratic revolution.During the march, the troops also distributed the "Communist Manifesto" written in accordance with the spirit of the "Sixth National Congress" of the party, and put forward the "Ten Political Programs" for the democratic revolution that the Communist Party-led Red Army of Workers and Peasants wanted to achieve, such as overthrowing the rule of imperialism in China; Confiscate foreign capital; unify China; overthrow the warlord Kuomintang government; implement an eight-hour work system for workers and increase wages;At the same time, the Red Fourth Army also distributed hundreds of mimeographed resolutions of the "Sixth National Congress" to the masses along the way, widely publicizing the party's line, principles, and policies. After the main force of the Fourth Red Army went down the mountain, they faced a series of tough battles. After the main force of the Fourth Red Army went down the mountain, He Jian immediately ordered Li Wenbin's 21st Brigade to advance to Suichuan and Liu Jianxu's Fifth Army to Zixing. Together with Liu Shiyi's 15th Brigade in Ganzhou, they pursued southward The main force of the Fourth Red Army.At the same time, order the 35th Brigade of Zhang Xingren and the 34th Brigade of Zhou Hunyuan on the second line to enter the Yongxin line, a regiment from Wang Jiejun's division on the third line to Lianhua, and the 3rd Brigade to the line of Lingxian and Chaling. A brigade from the Wushang Department of the Fourth Route approached Jinggangshan and tightened the encirclement. In the face of the enemy's approaching step by step, Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan and the special committee of the Hunan-Jiangxi border of the Communist Party of China who stayed behind in Jinggangshan made careful arrangements for the struggle to stick to Jinggangshan. First of all, Xiang Shoushan's troops did hard and meticulous ideological work to unify their understanding of Shoushan.It can be said that when the former committee considered asking the Fifth Red Army to take up the task of guarding the mountain, some generals of the Fifth Red Army did not quite understand this difficult task.On this issue, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan took the overall situation into consideration and shouldered the heavy burden bravely. This spirit is commendable.In this regard, Peng Dehuai is also outspoken in "Reminiscences of the Past".He recorded: "I accepted this task at the time. However, during the discussion of the Fifth Red Army Military Committee, the opinions were inconsistent. Most comrades did not agree that the Fifth Army would stick to Jinggangshan. Their reason was: the Pingjiang Uprising delayed the two provinces of Hunan and Jiangxi. The enemy's "suppression" against Jinggangshan, now, the main force of the White Army in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces is "suppressing" Jinggangshan, and the reactionary forces in the border areas of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi have weakened. Our Red Fifth Army has completed contact with the Fourth Red Army If the mission is over, we should quickly return to the north, expand the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Soviet base area, and pass on the resolutions of the Sixth Congress. The insistence on the Jinggangshan base area should only be used for coordination, and should not undertake the task of defending Jinggangshan. Although Jinggangshan has a difficult terrain, the surrounding It is about two or three hundred miles away, and the ammunition shortage is also small, so it is impossible to defend. However, in order to take care of the overall situation and prepare for necessary sacrifices, Comrade Dai Yuan and I resolutely implemented the decision of the Front Committee of the Fourth Army.” After unifying the thinking of the soldiers of the whole army, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan made specific deployments for defending Jinggangshan: the first brigade led by Li Can (actually equivalent to only one company), and the thirty-two regiments led by Xu Yangang defended the Yellow River. He Guozhong led the Eighth Brigade and part of the Ninggang Red Guard Brigade to defend the Bainihu position in Tongmuling; The 34th Brigade and part of Zhang Xingren's 35th Brigade; Peng Baocai led the 10th Battalion and a part of the teaching team to guard Bamian Mountain to fight against Wu Shang's Department of the Eighth Army of the Hunan enemy; Huang Long led the 12th Battalion and Lingxian Chi The Wei Brigade and the first part of the Suichuan Red Guard Brigade guarded the Shuangmashi sentry post and the front line of Jingzhushan; Part of the 11th Brigade and the reactionary local armed forces.At the same time, the soldiers and civilians on the mountain were mobilized to reinforce the fortifications at the above five outposts, and a series of bamboo nail arrays were built in front of the outposts to raise food, transport ammunition, rescue the wounded, and make various military and material preparations for the defense of the Jinggangshan military base. . Peng Dehuai set up the headquarters of the Fifth Red Army in Ciping.Ordered the red guard brigades in Yongxin, Ninggang, Chaling, and Lianhua counties, led by Liu Zuoshu and Yan Hui, to guard the Jiulongshan military base.He Changgong led the 1st Battalion Headquarters of the 32nd Regiment to carry out a guerrilla struggle at the foot of the mountain to harass the enemy. The atmosphere of the enemy's "suppression" is getting higher and higher.Under the leadership of Peng Dehuai, the mountain guarding troops are also working hard and steadily. Facing the attack of an enemy more than ten times stronger than ours, Peng Dehuai, commander-in-chief of the garrison troops, commander of the Fifth Red Army, and the border special committee actively made various preparations to defend Jinggangshan, while carefully studying possible accidents and Emergency measures.To this end, several meetings were held. After the Bolu meeting, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan first held an enlarged meeting of the Military Commission of the Fifth Red Army.The enlarged meeting conveyed the spirit of the Bolu Conference.At the meeting, some comrades expressed their unwillingness to guard the mountain based on the fact that the Fifth Red Army had not been familiar with the terrain and the masses shortly after they went up the mountain.Peng and Teng repeatedly explained the intention of the former committee and the importance of guarding the mountain, but the effect was not good.As a result, the Front Committee held the Ciping Conference and the Xiazhuang Conference successively in early January, leaving behind some key members of the Fourth Red Army and adjusting the Special Border Committee and the Ninggang County Committee. After the main force of the Fourth Red Army went down the mountain, the Fifth Red Army resolutely undertook the arduous task of defending Jinggangshan.Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan were well aware of the weight of this battle, so they held another joint meeting with the Border Special Committee on the mountain.The content of the meeting is: continue to firmly defend the thoughts of the soldiers and civilians on the mountain, call on everyone to unite as one, and make up the determination to live and die with Jinggangshan; further study and implement the military strength and deployment of the soldiers and civilians participating in the war, and organize combat service work; study emergency measures and decide: "In the In terms of military affairs, if the five wells were breached by the enemy, the Fifth Army would rush out of the five wells and take the enemy's weak spot to contact the Fourth Army in southern Jiangxi. The local armed forces in each county should be buried in the counties as much as possible. On the party side, both the special committee and the county committee must Leave the border to direct the work, and the party cannot leave the masses.” The convening of this series of meetings played an important role in the preparations for the third struggle against "congress suppression".In particular, the joint meeting between the Military Commission of the Fifth Red Army and the Border Special Committee after the Fourth Red Army went down the mountain played a key role in making decisions for the Fifth Red Army to break out of the encirclement in time and preserve its vitality.After the meeting, the leaders of the Fifth Red Army Military Committee and the Special Committee promptly communicated to their subordinates, so that the soldiers and civilians guarding the mountain shared the same hatred and made full preparations for the battle. On January 25, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan held another swearing-in meeting for the mountain guard troops and the people participating in the war in Ciping.More than 2,000 soldiers from the Fifth Red Army, the 32nd Regiment of the Fourth Red Army, the Red Guard Brigades in Ninggang, Suichuan, and Lingxian County, and border masses stood in the long wind and snow, listening to Peng Dehuai's impassioned mobilization speech.At the meeting, slogans such as "Defend Jinggangshan to the death!", "Fight to the end with the enemy" and "Survive and die with Jinggangshan!" fully demonstrated that the soldiers and civilians guarding the mountain "have the determination to defend the five wells." After the swearing-in meeting, teams from all walks of life set out to the five outposts according to the original plan, and opened the curtain for the third counter-"meeting and suppression". On January 26, 1929, He Jian led the headquarters to move from Pingxiang to Lianhua, and personally supervised the battle. On the 27th, a total of more than 10 regiments of "meeting and suppression" troops in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces adopted the tactics of "siege from all sides" and focused on Hunan. Ling three outposts launched a fierce attack. Dark clouds overwhelmed the city, and heavy snow fell.The Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base is facing a severe test. The enemy's main attack direction is Huangyangjie, Bamian Mountain and Baiyin Lake at the outpost of Tongmu Ridge. The enemy forces attacking Huangyangjie and the Bamianshan outpost were two brigades of the Eighth Army of Wushang, the enemy of Hunan, each with 3 regiments.This time, the enemy learned the lessons of the past and knew that it was difficult to defeat the Red Army and occupy the dangerous outposts with single forces and light weapons. Therefore, they moved a lot of heavy weapons, set up mountain artillery at the foot of the mountain, and blasted the outpost fortifications.The dense shells fell like raindrops on the hilltops and jungles, rolling up sand and rocks, covering the sky and covering the earth. Under the serious situation of the enemy's army attacking in turn, the commanders and fighters of the Fifth Red Army were not afraid of hardships and sacrifices, and fought bravely, repelling the enemy's attacks again and again.Due to the enemy's heavy artillery bombardment, the fortifications were knocked down, and the Red Army soldiers had to brave the severe cold all night to repair them.It was cold winter, and the temperature was several degrees below zero. The soldiers simply poured water on the repaired fortifications, making the fortifications freeze into thick ice walls. During the fierce battle for three days and nights, the commanders and fighters of the Fifth Red Army and the local red guards participated in the battle. They could not get a moment's rest in the days and nights of the wind and snow. Snow, sleeping in straw at night, showing a persevering revolutionary spirit. During the arduous battle, Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan, Wang Zuo, Deng Qianyuan, etc. ran back and forth between the outposts day and night, inspecting the enemy's situation, boosting morale, commanding the battle, and giving great encouragement to the commanders and fighters.The masses on the mountain risked their lives to carry water and food for the Red Army, and transported the wounded; the local armed forces under the command of He Changgong and others continued to use familiar terrain and features to strike the enemy, making it difficult for the enemy to eat and sleep. It effectively relieved the pressure on the five whistles. Regarding this harsh and fierce battle, Peng Dehuai described in a letter to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on April 4, 1929: "The Fourth Army set off on January 14, and the Hunan enemy approached the base area on the 16th. By noon on the 26th, the Hunan-Jiangxi enemy The army besieged Jinggangshan, and they stormed all day and night, and when it was snowing and cold that day, they were determined to struggle." On March 17, 1929, the "Letter from the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Special Committee to the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee" also stated: "On January 25, , the enemy began to attack Wujing, with the Hunan enemy as the main attack. The enemy's troops were brave and charged violently. Our soldiers were very calm because they were defending according to danger. Both officers and soldiers were determined to defend Wujing. Siege tactics, but its main attack is on the side close to Hunan. The enemy's strength is still very weak, and its main strategy is to contain our mountain guards. Our tactics against the enemy are offensive and defensive. It is a pity that there are too few troops on the mountain to take the enemy Break through the weak places to break the siege." Despite this, under the command of Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan, Wang Zuo, Deng Qianyuan and others, the guarding troops fought bloody battles for three days and nights from the 27th to the 29th, and repelled many enemy attacks. They were extremely tenacious and held their positions. At the outpost of Bamian Mountain, Peng Baocai led the tenth brigade and a teaching team, with only more than 100 people.They bravely fought against the enemies of the 3 regiments of the enemy's Wu Shang Department.The huge disparity in power and the disparity in weapons and equipment are unprecedented.Relying on the cover of mountain artillery and machine guns, the enemy rushed into our position several times.The commanders and fighters who guarded the mountain fought desperately with the enemy and repelled many enemy attacks.In the end, the bullets ran out, and all the fortifications were blown up. Almost all of the more than 100 Red Army commanders and fighters died heroically. At the outpost of Tongmuling, He Guozhong led the Eighth Brigade and the Ninggang Red Guard Brigade to station at the Bainihu position, and Huang Yunqiao led the Ninth Brigade to guard the Liping position, fighting desperately with the enemy.Li Jukui recalled: "The enemy's attack on Baiyin Lake was extremely tense. When we were on the mountain in Liping, we heard the machine guns on the other side of Baiyin Lake 'snapping', like cooking porridge, and it kept going. The enemy fought fiercely during the day and sneaked up at night. Comrade He Guozhong personally led the Eighth Brigade to stand firm. In those days, there was heavy rain and snow, and the mud in the fortification was half a foot deep. It was difficult to sit or sleep. , Persisted for 4 days and 4 nights." Finally, the Baiyinhu position was broken by the enemy.After the enemy occupied Tongmu Ridge, they approached Ciping. At the outpost of Huangyangjie, under the command of Li Can, the guarding troops fought fiercely with the enemy for three days and nights by virtue of the natural danger of the outpost in Huangyangjie. The outpost was always in our hands.Unexpectedly, the cunning enemy saw that it was difficult to break through the front, so he tried to sneak attack from the side. On January 28, the enemy bought Chen Kai'en, a local vagrant, with money in Xieyuan Village under Huangyangjie. On the evening of the 29th, Chen Kaien led more than 700 "death squad" enemy soldiers, along a small stream where he usually catches "Shiguai" (that is, stone frogs), wandered around the mountain overnight, touched the Stick Col, and turned over. The golden lion mask was drilled out of the deep mountain valley leading to the back of Huangyangjie, and inserted into Xiaojing Village.Thus, Huang Yangjie was under attack from both sides!At this critical moment, "more than 200 Red Army soldiers fighting at the outpost of Huangyangjie were in a very dangerous situation. There is a deep valley below. At this critical moment, Captain Li Can, Party Representative Zhang Chunqing, and Comrade Xu Yangang of the 32nd Regiment commanded the troops to fight against the front and rear enemies. Get out of the fight". On the 30th, Huang Yangjie fell.Peng Dehuai heard the news at the Ciping headquarters, and quickly led a part of the teaching team and more than 130 lightly wounded people to rescue, but in the end due to the outnumbered enemies, it failed. After the enemy broke through the outposts of Huangyangjie, Bamian Mountain and Tongmuling, three groups of heavy troops approached Ciping.Red Army headquarters is very dangerous!In order to preserve the vitality, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan discussed urgently and decided to gather the troops immediately, break out, implement the emergency measures decided by the joint meeting of the Fifth Red Army Military Commission and the Border Special Committee, and evacuate Jinggangshan.Immediately afterwards, the Eighth and Ninth Brigades of the Fifth Red Army, the Secret Service Brigade, the rest of the Tenth Brigade, and the Suichuan Red Guards assembled in Jingzhu Mountain.After Peng Dehuai made a brief speech to the troops, he passed through the direction of Suichuan and broke through to the south.According to the "Letter of the Hunan-Jiangxi Frontier Special Committee" dated March 17, 1929: "At that time, there were four to five hundred soldiers from the Fifth Army who rushed out of Wujing, and more than a thousand soldiers from the Suichuan Red Guards, the Liushan Red Army Teaching Corps, and wounded and sick soldiers. Therefore, the weather was cold, the mountain roads were rough, the movement was very slow, and the command was difficult to unify. Suichuan armed forces and wounded soldiers, old and young, were all scattered by the enemy.” During the Dafen battle, Wang Zhancheng, who remained as the deputy chief of staff of the Fifth Red Army (formerly the chief of staff of the 28th Regiment of the Fourth Red Army), was unfortunately arrested , was killed by the enemy in Daijiapu, Suichuan. After the enemy occupied the Jinggangshan military base, in February they mobilized four regiments including the 14th Brigade of the Fifth Division of the Jiangxi Army and the 35th Brigade of the 12th Division to launch a fierce attack on the Jiulongshan military base.Under the command of Liu Zuoshu and Yan Hui, the Red Guard Brigades in Yongxin, Lianhua, and Chaling counties, which stood firmly in Jiulong Mountain, resisted with danger and fought bravely, but finally lost their positions because they were outnumbered.So far, the third anti-"meeting suppression" campaign failed, and the Jinggangshan base area fell to the enemy. After the fall of Jinggang Mountain, on January 29, the enemy entered Xiaojing Village from the Golden Lion Mask in Huangyangjie.At that time, the lightly wounded and staff members of the Xiaojing Red Army Hospital all went to the mountain to break out, and only more than 100 seriously wounded had no way to break out.After the enemy entered the village, they captured these seriously wounded, tortured and interrogated them in an attempt to obtain intelligence from the Red Army.The heroic wounded and sick of the Red Army were not intimidated by the ferocity of the enemy.They faced the enemy's butcher's knife, endured hunger and pain, gritted their teeth, and refused to answer the enemy's questions.The enemy had no choice but to escort more than 100 seriously wounded and sick people to a rice field by the creek, and set up machine guns on the small bridge opposite to threaten them with death.In the face of the enemy's gunpoint, the wounded and sick of the Red Army remained calm and regarded death as home, showing lofty revolutionary integrity.They glared at each other and raised their arms and shouted: "Down with the Kuomintang reactionaries!" "Long live the Communist Party of China!" "Long live the Red Army!"The enemy immediately ordered to shoot.Under machine gun fire, more than 100 wounded and sick soldiers of the Red Army fell into a pool of blood, which stained the water in Xiaojing Creek red. Regarding this disaster, Dong Qingyun, a staff member of the Red Army Hospital and an eyewitness, recalled: "In January 1929, Committee Member Mao led the troops to leave Jinggangshan and march towards southern Jiangxi and western Fujian. When the enemy came to attack the small well in Jinggangshan, the Red Army Hospital There are more than 200 wounded and sick, and more than a dozen staff members. Among them are doctors Ziying, Xu Ge, Xie Qiuyue, Wu Haiquan, Wu Jiukui, and nursing staff. I can’t remember the names. Among the more than 200 wounded and sick, I I remember: Li Xinhua (from Leiyang, Hunan, deputy squad leader of the Red Army), Xu Xin (from Leiyang, Hunan, soldier of the Red Army), Li Yufa (from Leiyang, Hunan, soldier of the Red Army), Deng Yingfa (from Leiyang, Hunan, soldier of the Red Army), Tang Minxin (from Anren, Hunan, Red Army soldier), Zhu Elong (from Yongxin, Jiangxi, Red Army soldier), Wu Honglu (from Ninggang, Jiangxi, Red Army platoon leader), Peng Zhenhui (from Xiangxi, Hunan, Kuomintang squad leader), Wu Fengtu (northern, KMT squad leader), Wang Meiduo (Hubei native, KMT squad leader), Xu Zilong (Hubei native, KMT squad leader). I can’t remember the names of the others. When the enemy attacked the Red Army Hospital, the lightly wounded and the staff broke out to the mountain. Only There was no way for more than 100 wounded and sick people to break through. On that day, the Kuomintang army dragged them all to a field and swept them to death with machine guns. I hid in the bushes on the opposite mountain and saw clearly. field, and the shots were fired. I shed tears." Some of the more than 100 Red Army wounded and sick who died in Xiaojing did not even leave their names.After their sacrifices, the people of Jinggangshan secretly buried their remains at the risk of their lives; afterward, with great hatred for the enemy, they threw themselves into a new battle. Regarding the fall of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base and the failure of the third counter-campaign against the "Congress Suppression", the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Special Committee of the Communist Party of China concluded in March 1929: "According to our observations, the reasons for the failure of the three anti-conference campaigns are as follows A few points: (1) Because China's current bourgeois rule is temporarily stable, the enemy can concentrate its forces to attack us. (2) The subjective force is too weak, and the masses on the border cannot use their strength to disrupt the enemy's rear to contain the enemy. (3) The mountain guards are too strong. (4) The enemy's movement has not been carried out in practice, the propaganda has not been thorough, and the enemy soldiers have not been shaken. (5) There are no large-scale riots in various parts of the country. The struggle is isolated." Peng Dehuai’s letter to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Ruijin on April 4, 1929 concluded: “The shortcomings of Jinggangshan’s failure: complex troops, inconsistent command, thin troops (ratio of 1 to 20), sending troops day and night, no rest, and lack of bullets .However, the enemy is determined, has a plan, and offers a heavy reward. For example, he got a gun from us for 30 yuan. His soldiers attacked one after another. Even so, the enemy did not hand in a gun.” After the enemy occupied Jinggang Mountains, they implemented the brutal "three light policy" on the base area.However, I transferred to the Red Army and local troops in the deep mountains, constantly harassing the enemy, coupled with the freezing weather, heavy snow blocking the mountains, and difficulty in providing supplies, which made the enemy besieged on all sides.Therefore, the enemy was forced to withdraw from the five wells in less than 10 days. In March, the Jianggui War broke out, and most of the "Hui Suppression" army was transferred to the front line, leaving only one regiment to garrison Yongxin.At this time, the Red Guards of our Red Army attacked again and again and restored the base area.In this regard, Chen Yi said in the "Report on the History and Conditions of Zhu Maojun": "The so-called three provinces (should be Hunan and Jiangxi provinces—the quoter's note) will actually only travel to Jinggangshan once, except for the Red Army. In addition, the so-called soldiers from the three provinces had only one thing to do to the thousands of red masses, so they retreated in less than a week, and the border areas were still under the control of the red masses." Although the army and civilians in Jinggangshan failed in the third counter-campaign against the "Council Suppression", the tenacious and unyielding spirit of the mountain guards under the command of Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan in the battle was commendable.同时，由于红五军等守山部队在坚守井冈山的过程中，钳制和拖住了敌人，从而为红四军出击赣南赢得了时间，创造了条件。