Chapter 13 Chapter 12 Restoration and Consolidation of Base Areas

From late August to early September, the main force of the Fourth Red Army, led by Mao Zedong and Zhu De, detoured to Chongyi and Shangyou, guerrilla all the way, and returned to Huang'ao, the base of Suichuan, on September 8.At this time, everyone in the army was overjoyed to hear the victory of the defense battle of Huangyangjie. However, "our army went through Chongyi, Shangyou, and Suichuan, and when we arrived at Jinggangshan, Liu Shiyi, the 7th Independent Division in Western Jiangxi, deceived me and defeated me, and chased me to Suichuan with the fifth battalion." Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Chen Yi decided to teach this Liu Shiyi a lesson, first to present a "return gift" to the Jinggang fathers and fellow villagers, and second to Wang Erzhuo to wash away his grudges.According to the fact that Liu Shiyi's troops withdrew from the county seat, stationed in the suburbs, and sent a small group of troops to entangle with me, intending to lure the Red Army into a trap, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Chen Yi, etc. agreed: "Let's do the trick."

On September 12, the Red Army troops moved to the front of Suichuan Duizi.Zhu De deployed a division of labor to the Red 28th Regiment, the 3rd Battalion of the 31st Regiment, and the Red Guard Brigade of Suichuan County who came to join the battle: the 28th Regiment and the first unit of the Red Guard Brigade of Suichuan County played forward and went directly into the city. Break through the enemy's ambush circle, and then kill a "returning carbine"; the third battalion of the 31st regiment and the second detachment of the Red Guard Brigade, as follow-up troops, set off two hours late, and by surprise, after attacking the enemy, they formed a north-south pincer attack; All the gear and tools followed closely by the 28th regiment to confuse the enemy.

When the soldiers heard that there was a war, their spirits were high.After listening to Commander Zhu's deployment, he suddenly felt full of confidence. In the early morning of the 13th, Zhu De led the 28th Red Regiment, the first detachment of the Suichuan Red Guard Brigade, and the logistics and cooking staff, and swaggered into Suichuan County.Sure enough, the avant-garde troops met the enemy squad that came to lure our Red Army in Caolin.My avant-garde troops followed Zhu De's instructions, pretending to be arrogant soldiers, and advancing step by step. Liao, the commander of the enemy army, saw that our Red Army was "taken" and that even the cooking staff came over. He was complacent and hurriedly ordered the battalions in Yanglin, Shiba, and Xinzhai to the south of the county to move to the county in an attempt to cut off the 20 soldiers. The Eighth Regiment's retreat after entering the city.

The enemy did not expect that just as they were moving towards the county seat, Zhu De led the 28th regiment and killed them from the county seat again.The enemy thought that our army had noticed their plot and surrounded them for a while.Zhu De ordered the 28th regiment to bite a group of enemies, hit and charge fiercely, charged into the encirclement, and charged for more than 20 miles. The enemy didn't know what to do, and chased after him.Seeing that the enemy had fallen into the trap, Zhu De ordered his troops to occupy favorable terrain and lie in ambush. Suddenly, gunshots rang out from behind the enemy soldiers.Seeing that the third battalion led by Mao Zedong had succeeded, Zhu De immediately launched an attack.The enemy was hit from the front and back, terrified, defeated for a while, killed, and jumped into the spring in panic, countless.

It was a service, "I attacked Liu Shiyi with the fourth battalion, broke it in Suichuan City, handed over two hundred and fifty guns, captured a battalion commander and company commander, three or four platoon leaders, more than two hundred soldiers, and the rest retreated to Ganzhou." Mao Zedong: "Report of the Jinggangshan Front Committee to the Central Committee".The Red Army captured Suichuan County. The most gratifying thing is that the traitor Yuan Chongquan was killed in the fierce battle, and the Red Army soldiers avenged Wang Erzhuo. The troops jumped up and down.The people of Suichuan and the soldiers of the Red Army also compiled a ballad, praising Mao Zedong and Zhu De for using soldiers like gods:

After the 28th Regiment of the Fourth Red Army and the 3rd Battalion of the 31st Regiment conquered Suichuan City, the Action Committee of the Red Army Brigade with Mao Zedong as the secretary discussed with the Suichuan County Party Committee and decided to leave a small number of troops to garrison the county with the Suichuan County Red Guard Brigade. The rest of the troops immediately divided into four groups, carried out guerrilla activities in all directions, mobilized the masses, distributed land, established a red regime, developed party organizations, and raised supplies for the Red Army.In this regard, Mao Zedong once wrote in the "Report of the Jinggangshan Front Committee to the Central Committee": "I command the army's administrative committee (Mao Zedong is the secretary) and the Suichuan County Party Committee to jointly manage the masses of Suichuan and raise the army's supplies. The guerrilla attacks were directed towards the four townships, and each route formed a committee to command them. The east route advanced to Wan'an and got in touch with the Wan'an County Party Committee."

The East Road Action Committee was commanded by Chen Yi.When he led the troops to Wan'an, the troops were well-disciplined and welcomed by the masses.When the troops arrived in Wan'an, the main purpose was to mobilize the masses to fight. Wan'an, because it is far away from the Jinggangshan base area, has relatively strong white forces. "Since a joint meeting with the then former committee was held in Suichuan City in January, it was blocked by white forces for more than half a year." Until this time, the Red Army guerrilla forces When I came to Wan'an, I had contact with the Red Army again.Under the leadership of Zhang Shixi, Zeng Tianyu (later sacrificed), Liu Guangwan, etc. in Wan'an, which was ruled by the white forces, the revolutionary struggle activities have never ceased.By September 1928, there were still nine district committees of the party, but after the Wan'an riot, the enemy's strength was too strong and some guns were lost.When Chen Yi led a guerrilla battalion of the Red Army to Wan'an, the revolutionary forces in Wan'an City and other places responded one after another, showing extremely high fighting enthusiasm.

After Chen Yi's troops worked in Luotang and other places in Wan'an for several days and withdrew, more than 80 revolutionary peasants in Wan'an, led by Liu Guangwan, followed Chen Yi's troops to Jinggangshan. Kang Keqing, who once went up the mountain with the troops to join the Red Army, recalled: "After the Mid-Autumn Festival in 1928, probably in September, Comrade Chen Yi led a battalion of the Red Army to Luotang Bay. The troops were strictly disciplined, and they camped at the head of the village. The troops went to Luotang Bay three times. On the first day, I was at home, and the window of my house was facing the road. Seeing the troops coming, I did not open the door. That day, the troops camped in a place far away from Luotang Bay, which was far away from Sui Chuanyutianxu is only 15 miles away. The army wrote and posted a lot of slogans there. We sent a few literate people there to see them. The people who were sent came back and told us the content of the slogans, saying that the Red Army I didn’t enter the common people’s houses, but camped outside. I thought to myself, these troops are the Red Army, respectable and lovely. The next day, the Red Army came to Luotang Bay again. My aunt and I went out and met Caigou on the street (below) Street people). He said: Why don’t you come out, we need to prepare military rations. We organized women to immediately collect food and vegetables for the Red Army, and captured and killed the landlord’s pigs, and picked out all the grain from Deshengtang. After the collection was completed, the troops left without asking for them. On the third day, the Red Army came to Luotang Bay again. On this day, the 81st Regiment of the enemy also marched from Hexi to Luotang Bay. We also took the buried guns and spears It was dug out. The Red Army saw that the enemy was stronger than us, so they withdrew immediately. More than 100 of us also withdrew with the Red Army, including 7 lesbians. When we arrived at Tianxu with the army, it was still dark, and the Red Army fought the enemy We stayed for one day, and camped at the edge of Suichuan County on the second day. We retreated while fighting, and moved to Jinggangshan. We passed through Duiziqian and Huang'ao. On the way, some people couldn’t bear hardships, and some people didn’t want to leave home and left the army halfway. When they arrived at Jinggangshan, there were only 80 people left in the Wan’an peasant army that followed the Red Army. This is what Comrade Mao Zedong said in "The Struggle at Jinggangshan" The Wanan Agricultural Army mentioned in the article."

This is what Mao Zedong said about "eighty revolutionary peasants following to Jinggangshan". After the Wan'an peasant army went to Jinggang Mountain, it was organized into the Wan'an Red Guards to cooperate with the Red Army in combat. On September 26, the main force of the Fourth Red Army returned to Ciping.In Ciping, the 1st Battalion of the 31st Regiment of the Fourth Red Army and the 2nd Battalion of the 32nd Regiment joined together.The reunion in the smoke, the rest of the life after the catastrophe, everyone shed tears of joy. In view of the long-distance battle of the troops, Mao Zedong and Zhu De decided to let the troops rest for a whole day and return to Ninggang at another day.

At the end of the month, the troops were about to go down the mountain. Suddenly, Xie Guishan, chairman of the Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Soviet Government of Maoping Township Government, was appointed by Yuan Wencai to report: They captured Zhou Zongchang, the commander of the 27th Battalion of Zhou Hunyuan Brigade stationed in Xincheng. Two female spies.According to the female spy, Zhou Zongchang's battalion stationed in Xincheng wanted to take advantage of the time when the main force of the Red Army had not returned, and bloodbathed Maoping.As a prudent measure, they were first sent to Maoping to check for horse manure and door panels, and to find out whether the main force of the Red Army had returned to Ninggang.

The news of the enemy's bloodbath in Maoping attracted the attention of Mao Zedong and Zhu De.Maoping is the base camp of the Red Army, the location of the party, government and army leadership in the base area, how can the enemy be allowed to do whatever they want!After Mao Zedong and Zhu De listened to the report, they agreed that: the enemy is aggressive and just outsmarted.Therefore, I told Xie Guishan to go back and release the two female spies, causing signs that the Red Army brigade had not returned, luring the enemy to go deep, and waiting for me to concentrate my forces and wipe them out in one fell swoop. After Xie Guishan returned to Maoping, he reported to Yuan Wencai.Yuan Wencai followed his plan.The two female spies who were released did not know that there was a fraud in it, so they went back to Xincheng and told Zhou Zongchang about the reconnaissance. In order to defend Maoping and regain the lost ground, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led the 28th and 31st regiments, quietly returned to Maoping on the evening of September 30, and held a meeting of cadres above the regiment at Panlong Academy in Maoping overnight. Specific deployment plan to destroy the enemy.At this meeting, considering that after Wang Erzhuo's death, the head of the 28th Regiment was concurrently held by Zhu De, it was decided that Lin Biao, the commander of the 1st Battalion of the 28th Regiment, would succeed the head of the 28th Regiment, and that Lin Biao would be the head of the 28th Regiment. The troops set up an ambush at Aotou ridge in Maoping to annihilate the invading enemy. Aotoulong is located on a narrow and long mountain that must pass through from Xincheng to Maoping. There are dense forests and canyons, and the peaks face each other. The entrance is small and the middle is large, which looks like an open pocket. Before dawn on October 1, the troops began to move.Zhu De and Lin Biao led the 28th Regiment to climb Gaoling Mountain from Wawuli and acted as an ambush. Mao Zedong led the 31st Regiment to occupy the commanding heights of Xishan from Niu Yabei; .The total force is 6 battalions, which has an absolute advantage. Things did not go as expected by Mao Zedong and Zhu De: Zhou Zongchang, the commander of the 27th Battalion of the enemy, mistook the information of the two female detectives as true, and on October 1st gathered hundreds of people from the Ninggang House-to-Door Regiment to leave Xincheng.Zhou Zongchang's battalion is the "top battalion" of Zhou Hunyuan's brigade. It has strong combat capabilities and has never lost a hand in front of the Red Army. It has always been very arrogant.When setting off, Zhou Zongchang ordered everyone in his subordinates to bring 10 knives of toilet paper and 1 bottle of kerosene to burn down the grass!However, how did Zhou Zongchang know that the main force of the Red Army had quietly returned, and at this moment the "cloth bag" had been opened in Aotoulong, waiting for them to enter the "bag"! At about 9 o'clock, Zhou Zongchang's battalion entered Aotoulong unscrupulously. The Ninggang House-to-House Regiment acted as a vanguard, and as soon as they entered Aotoulong, they burned the oil distillery in Longtou, and then set fire to several private houses.The soaring fire aroused the anger of the commanders and fighters of the Red Army ambushing in the mountains.But this is not Zhou Zongchang's regular army, and the opened "cloth bag" cannot shrink prematurely. At this time, Zhou Zongchang, who was walking behind, believed even more that there was no Red Army in Maoping, so he ordered the troops to advance faster.When all the enemies entered the encirclement, Zhu De's gun rang.Immediately, the sound of trumpets, gunshots, and killing suddenly erupted.The 28th Regiment blocked the enemy's entrance on the back of Gaoling, the 31st Regiment took advantage of the commanding heights on Wangchong Mountain to control the enemy's middle section, and the 32nd Regiment blocked the retreat from Chikeng, forcing the enemy into the "cloth bag". , Zhou Zongchang was beaten so much that he complained endlessly, exclaiming "he was fooled". The battle was over in just half an hour.Zhou Zongchang was captured alive in this battle, our army won a complete victory, and then recovered the whole county of Ninggang.Regarding this battle, Mao Zedong happily wrote in the "Report of the Jinggangshan Front Committee to the Central Committee": "On October 1, I fought with the 27th Regiment of Xiong Shihui's Zhou Hunyuan Brigade in Ninggang, and captured the battalion commander. , one company commander, one platoon leader, one hundred soldiers, one hundred and ten guns, the rest of the enemy retreated to Yongxin, and then returned to Ningkang County." This battle is also called "Autoulong Bag War". After the First Battle of Autoulong, the Red Army became famous again. In order to quickly restore the situation after the "August failure", in early October, Mao Zedong and Zhu De adopted erratic guerrilla tactics and led their troops back to Suichuan. On October 13, the Fourth Red Army attacked Liu Shiyi's troops stationed in Suichuan.Liu Shiyi, who was defending the city, was defeated by our Red Army one month ago. Knowing that Zhu Mao was powerful, he retreated without fighting, and the Fourth Red Army once again occupied Suichuan City. After the Red Army occupied Suichuan City, they again divided the troops in a short distance, carried out work such as mass struggle, agrarian revolution, and raising supplies, and seized a lot of gold, silver, and medicinal materials. At this time, Mao Zedong and Zhu De were still deeply worried.Because Yongxin is still in the enemy's hands. In the first ten days of November, the flying horse of Yuan Wencai's troops who had stayed in Ninggang came to Suichuan to report that the remnants of Zhou Hunyuan's 27th Regiment had left Yongxin and occupied Ninggang New City.Mao Zedong and Zhu De were very annoyed by the repeated attacks of the enemy Zhou Hunyuan, and discussed: it is better to cut off one finger than to hurt his ten fingers.Therefore, the main force of the Fourth Red Army was ordered to return to Ninggang and fight Zhou Hunyuan again. On November 9, the main force of the Red Army set off from Maoping and arrived at Ninggang New Town in the early hours of the morning.Zhu De immediately ordered the troops to disperse and occupy the high ground outside the city.After dawn, Zhou Hunyuan's department went out for morning exercises as usual.They never dreamed that the main force of Zhu Mao's Red Army was watching the performance. Zhu De gave an order, and the battle started.The 28th regiment launched a fierce attack, and the 31st regiment detoured behind the enemy.Unable to hold back, the enemy hurriedly retreated to the south of the city, rushed up to Xinqixi Ridge, set up machine guns at the mountain pass, and fired at the Red Army.The Red Army charged several times, but was beaten back by the enemy.In order to eliminate the enemy as soon as possible, Zhu De ordered the 1st Battalion of the 28th Regiment to take a detour to climb up to Xinqixi Ridge and attack the enemy from behind.When the enemy saw that they were being attacked, they panicked. Some raised their hands and surrendered, while others fled in the direction of Yongxin. On that day, the Fourth Red Army regained Xincheng. On the 10th, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led troops to advance to Yongxin.When the troops arrived at the Yongxin Fourth Education Academy, they met the defeated enemy and joined the reinforcements.Thus, the two sides opened the battle.The Red Army soldiers fought bravely to be the first, defeated the enemy, and then chased to Yongxin City.At that time, the remnants of the 28th Regiment and the 27th Regiment of the 14th Brigade had already built fortifications in Dongguanling and Nanping Mountains outside the city.For a while, the enemy and us were at a stalemate.At this time, the Bi Zhanyun Special Service Battalion, a defector force, outflanked the enemy and finally defeated the enemy at 3 o'clock in the afternoon.Two companies of the forward troops of the Red Army took advantage of the momentum to occupy Yongxin City. This is the fourth occupation of Yongxin by the Red Army. However, at this time it was reported that the enemy's 35th Brigade came from Tianhe for reinforcements.Therefore, Mao Zedong and Zhu De ordered the troops entering the city to withdraw immediately and return to Ninggang.Regarding the Battle of Yongxin, the main force of the Red Army, Xiao Ke recalled: "This battle was composed of three battle stages. In the first battle, we fought Xincheng and attacked the enemy battalion; in the second battle, we fought the Fourth Teaching Academy and attacked the enemy battalion. The third battle was against Yongxin City. We did not win and withdrew from the battle. However, our Red Army was victorious throughout the campaign. We regained the Xincheng and Longyuankou areas, struck down the enemy, consolidated Ningkang, and contributed greatly to the restoration of the border. small meaning." Mao Zedong recorded in the "Report of the Jinggangshan Front Committee to the Central Committee": "On November 9, the 27th Regiment of the Zhou Brigade was defeated in Ninggang County and Longyuankou, handed over 160 guns, and killed the enemy battalion commander. , dozens of soldiers, two captured deputy battalion commanders, one company commander, one platoon leader, and more than a hundred soldiers. In the early morning of the next day, they attacked Yongxin and the remnants of the 28th and 27th regiments of the Zhou Brigade. The battle continued until 3 p.m. The enemy was repulsed, and the vanguard occupied Yongxin City. Unexpectedly, the enemy's 35th brigade arrived from Tianhe (the junction of Ji'an and Yongxin). Our army feared that the battle would be disadvantaged, so we retreated to Ninggang. There were also more than 100 casualties, and it was the biggest battle since returning to the border." After the main force of the Fourth Red Army returned to Jinggang in September, within three months, they adopted the guerrilla tactics of erratic, avoiding reality, winning three battles and three victories, and won the battles of Suichuan, Aotoulong and Xincheng-Longyuankou. The victory forced the enemy to go on the defensive, and restored and consolidated the Jinggangshan revolutionary base. By November, the Jinggangshan revolutionary base had been restored: "From the southern foot of Jinggangshan in Suichuan in the south to the border of Lianhua in the north, including the whole county of Ningkang, a part of Suichuan, Lingxian, and Yongxin, forming a long and narrow block from north to south. In addition, the western area above Lianhua, Tianlong Mountain and Wannian Mountain in Yongxin are not connected with the whole area." Mao Zedong: "Report of the Jinggangshan Front Committee to the Central Committee". After the victory in the defense of Huangyangjie, the enemy's situation was slightly weakened. In addition, the Red Army Brigade won three battles and three victories after returning from southern Hunan, which greatly improved the situation in the base area. Under the influence of the Red Army's successive victories, in mid-October, 126 members of Yan Zhongru's Department of the Third Division of the New Eighth Army of the Kuomintang Army stationed in Hunan, led by the battalion commander Bi Zhanyun, staged an uprising in East Guizhou. At the beginning of November, the Jiangxi army went to a regular company of Chengjie's troops stationed in Yichun, and under the leadership of the company commander Zhang Wei, they defected to the Red Army. Bi Zhanyun was born in Guang'an County, Sichuan Province. He devoted himself to the green forest in his early years, and was later incorporated by the Sichuan Army into a battalion of Yan Zhongru's Master Wang Xianglu Regiment, with Bi Zhanyun serving as the battalion commander.He, Zhu De, and Chen Yi had contacts with each other. During the wave of land revolution, he developed a feeling of admiration for the Communist Party's ideas and policies, and at the same time he was very dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship. In June and July of 1928, Master Yan Zhongru was transferred to East Guangxi to participate in the "communist suppression".In East Guizhou, Bi Zhanyun was greatly affected by hearing and witnessing the benefits that the Communist Red Army brought to the common people. In August, the Red Army captured a group of Bi Zhanyun's members in the Dafen and Zuo'an areas of Suichuan, and learned about Bi Zhanyun's situation from the prisoners.In order to win over Bi Zhanyun, He Changgong, the representative of the Red 28th Regiment, asked the military for instructions to release the prisoners. Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Chen Yi agreed with He Changgong's opinion and released all the squadrons with guns. Zhu De and Chen Yi jointly signed As a fellow countryman, he wrote a letter to Bi Zhanyun, pointing out that he was a miscellaneous army and was rejected by Chiang Kai-shek, hoping that he would fight back and join the Red Army. After receiving the letter, Bi Zhanyun was very moved when he saw that the Red Army released his men and horses, so he decided to defect to the Red Army and sent his adjutant Cai Dajing to Huang'ao to contact the Red Army.Chen Yi warmly received Adjutant Cai and discussed matters related to the uprising. In mid-October, Bi Zhanyun officially led the whole battalion to revolt in eastern Guangxi, and came to Tanghu Lake in Suichuan, where he was warmly welcomed by Chen Yi and others.Later, it was compiled as the Fourth Red Army Special Service Battalion, with Bi Zhanyun still as the battalion commander. Zhang Wei, a native of Yunnan, was born in a poor family.After joining the Northern Expeditionary Army, he was promoted to company commander because of his bravery in combat.After the failure of the Great Revolution, the 18th Division of Zhu Yaohua to which he belonged was transferred to Zhangshu, Jiangxi to defend the Communist Party, and then transferred to Yuanzhou (Yichun) to "suppress the Communist Party".The corruption in the Kuomintang army and localities, and the poverty of the people made him feel gloomy about the future and depressed.So, he went in and out of the casino all day long, but unexpectedly lost the general's salary. Zhang Wei's situation is in the hands of my underground party organization in Yichun.The underground party launched a powerful policy attack on him, inspired his class consciousness, and encouraged him to abandon the dark and turn to the bright.After repeated thinking, Zhang Wei resolutely led his troops to revolt in early November, and then entered the Lianhua Red area and organized it in the Lianhua Red Independent Regiment.Soon, the independent regiment went to Ninggang to participate in the winter training of the Fourth Red Army.After the training, the Lianhua Red Independent Regiment was reorganized into the County Red Guard Brigade, Zhang Wei's Department was reorganized into the Red Fourth Army Independent Battalion, and Zhang Wei was the battalion commander. After Bi Zhanyun and Zhang Wei joined the Red Army, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Chen Yi and other military leaders were very concerned about their growth.At that time, most of Bi Zhanyun's troops were "two-pike soldiers" (referring to smoking opium).In order to help Bibu soldiers quit smoking, He Changgong, the representative of the 28th Regiment, was ordered to take them to Dafen, Suichuan for training and reform. "Smoking gun", pick up a steel gun to fight against the enemy.At the same time, the military department also carried out transformation work on Zhang Wei's department. Under the care and education of the leaders of the military department, the political qualities of Bi Zhanyun and Zhang Wei were transformed and improved, and they soon became two important armed forces of the Fourth Red Army. In 1930, Zhang Wei died heroically in the Battle of Dayu. The fact that Bi Zhanyun and Zhang Wei joined the Red Army was a result of the political influence of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base and the Fourth Red Army, as well as the power of the policy of the Communist Party and the Red Army to divide and disintegrate the enemy. 1. September "washing the party". After September 1928, the Hunan-Jiangxi border began to "strictly practice party cleansing." "Cleaning the party" is essentially party consolidation, but it focuses on cleaning and rectifying the organization.This is the earliest party consolidation movement in the history of our party. Why is it necessary to "strictly cleanse the party"? The main reason is that during the "great development period" of the party organization after May 1928, many opportunists took advantage of the opportunity of public recruitment of party members to sneak into the party, resulting in serious impurity in the party organization. After the "big one" of the border party in May 1928, the agrarian revolution flourished, the military struggle was victorious, the red areas continued to expand, and the party organization entered a "period of great development".At this time, the party organization was made public, and the public building of the party and league began. "Hold a mass meeting, put up a sign for the public collection of party and league members, and let the masses sign up to participate." "Interview with Ling Dengyun Records".Some also adopt the method of "serial development method" or "Raff type".At one time, there were more than 4,000 party members in Yongxin County, nearly 3,000 party members in Ninggang County, more than 800 party members in Lianhua County, and "the number of party members increased to more than 10,000 at one time" in border counties. Due to the "expansion of the party organization, it only pays attention to the development of quantity, and does not pay attention to the strengthening of quality. The party and the class have not been clarified, but it is just a Lafian absorption method. This will destroy the party organization, and the result will become impossible. party of struggle".As soon as the white terror arrived, opportunists turned their backs one after another, leading the reactionaries to arrest comrades, and most of the party organizations in the white areas collapsed.For this reason, Mao Zedong and the Border Special Committee decided: "After September, we will strictly clean the party." The focus of "cleansing the party" was in Ningkang and Yongxin counties.These two counties are the central area of ​​the Jinggangshan base area.Therefore, "all Party organizations in Yongxin and Ninggang counties were disbanded and re-registered." The main method of "cleaning the party" is to carry out organizational rectification; the second is to establish a secret organization. In order to help the local "cleansing the party", the Military Commission of the Fourth Red Army transferred some Red Army cadres such as Chen Dongri from the army to go to the grassroots to assist in the work. At that time, the objects of "cleaning the party" were roughly as follows: (1) those who did not serve as party members, did not obey orders, and were unwilling to make revolution; ) from bad family backgrounds and not revolutionary. Here, taking the Ninggang Dalong District Committee as an example, briefly describe the situation of "cleansing the party". Zhu Kaijuan, a cadre in the Dalongsu District of Ninggang, recalled: "The main person in charge of the party cleansing work in our district there was Chen Dongri. In June 1928, there were more than 1,000 party members in the county, and there were more than 400 in Dalong District. The party cleansing first started from the branch It started. Chen Dongri went to the branches of the townships to study with the branch secretary and two reliable party members, and studied which party members did not meet the conditions and should be purged, and which party members should not be purged. In our district, more than 200 were purged, and the remaining 100 Many. The rest of the party members will be listed again, and each branch will make a roster and send it to the district government. The district government will make a general register and send a copy to the county party committee. There are 60 party members in my branch. More than 20. Anyone who has relatives working in the Kuomintang reactionaries, who is a soldier, who does not obey the command, who is unwilling to make revolution, and who has bad social relations, should be cleaned up as much as possible. He participated and re-established the roster of party members." The focus of "cleaning the party" is to expel the rebels who defected to the enemy.There is a Chen Pengshou in Qiaolin Township. Although he came from a poor background, he lost confidence in the revolution after the "August Failure" and secretly defected to the enemy. "Records of the Interview with Gan Jiyou", internal interview materials.Wang Yurui and Wang Mande, small landlords in Yangxi Township, Yongxin, opportunistically sneaked into the Communist Party, sheltered the big local tyrant Wang Huisheng and delayed the division of land. Later, Wang Yurui was executed and Wang Mande was purged from the party. "Wang Jiuguan's Memories", internal interview materials. The party members who were purged did not notify them to hold a meeting in person to announce their problems. They were removed at the branch meeting, and the party members who were removed did not know it at the time.For those that have not been washed, fill in the form and register again, and report to the next level.At that time, about 4,000 party members were purged across the border. After the "cleansing of the party", the party organization returned to a state of secrecy.Although "the number of party members has been greatly reduced, the combat effectiveness has increased instead."The grassroots branches of the party have become a strong fighting bastion in the border struggle.For example, the Communist Party members in Qiaolin Township, Dalong District, fought bravely and unyieldingly in a difficult combat environment, and most of them died.During the third counter-campaign against the Jiangxi border, many party members persisted in secret activities, went to deep mountains and old forests, drank ice and lay in the snow for more than 40 days, lost their fingers and toes from the cold, and did not betray the revolution, showing firm belief and tenacity style. After all, the "party cleansing" movement on the border is the first time in history, and there is no experience to learn from. Therefore, under the premise that the general direction is correct, some problems have also appeared.For example, some places simply re-copied newspapers, but did not attach great importance to them;Nevertheless, generally speaking, the progress of the "Party Cleansing" in September at the border is healthy, and the results are remarkable.Through the "cleansing of the party", the party organization was purified and the party's combat effectiveness was improved. This is a successful and effective party consolidation movement in the history of our party.This "cleansing of the party" provided useful enlightenment and valuable experience for our party's future party consolidation movement. 2. Reconstruction of the Front Committee of the Fourth Red Army The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is very concerned about the struggle on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi.After receiving the report issued by Mao Zedong in Yongxin on May 2, 1928, he sent an instruction letter to the Front Committee of the Hunan-Jiangxi Border on June 4, that is, "The Central Committee's Instruction Letter to the Front Enemy - About the Current Situation and the Future" Tasks and Work" (also known as the June Letter). However, due to the inconvenient transportation at that time, after several rounds, from Shanghai to Jiangxi, from the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee to the Ji'an County Party Committee, it was not delivered to the border until November 2.Mao Zedong was very happy to receive an important letter from the Central Committee.He recorded: "The Central Committee sent a letter on June 4, passed through the Ji'an County Committee of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, and arrived in Jinggangshan on November 2. This letter is very good. It has corrected many of our mistakes and resolved many controversial issues here. As soon as this letter arrived, it was sent to the military and local Party headquarters at all levels. On November 6, the troops dispatched to Suichuan concentrated in Jinggangshan. There were more than 30 special committee members, military and local activists. (Zhu De, Chen Yi, He Tingying, He Changgong, Yuan Wencai, Wang Zuo, Tan Zhenlin, Deng Qianyuan, Li Quefei, Chen Zhengren, Wang Zuonong, Xiao Wanxia, ​​Liu Huixiao, Xie Guibiao, Liu Di, Xiong Shouqi, Yang Kaiming, Cao, Deng Yunting, Mao Zedong , Song Qiaosheng, Peng Hu, etc. were all present, and Yuan Desheng, a representative of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee, also participated), and the special committee convened a meeting to discuss the letter from the Central Committee." Mao Zedong: "Report of the Jinggangshan Front Committee to the Central Committee". The letter from the Central Committee analyzed the domestic situation in detail and affirmed that "the Chinese revolution is still the nature of a bourgeois civil rights revolution" and that "at this stage, our policy is to confiscate land, overthrow the relationship between the landlord system and feudalism, and establish a dictatorship of workers and peasants. Soviet power".At the same time, he introduced the struggle situation in other parts of the country to the Jinggangshan Front Committee, pointed out various major mistakes in the party since the "August 7th" meeting, and affirmed the important position of the red regime on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi.The letter stated: "The areas you occupy are Yongxin, Ningkang, and Suichuan in Jiangxi, but your position is still at the center of the riot arrangement in the three provinces, so you bear a great deal of responsibility for the future of the riots in the three provinces. Considerable." In view of the important status of the red regime on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi, the central government has clearly put forward eight instructions for the future tasks and work of the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area: (1) The task of the Front Committee "is to use your military strength to develop the masses of workers and peasants on the Hunan-Kiangsi or Hunan-Guangdong-Jiangxi border, carry out the agrarian revolution, cause the situation of separate regimes to spread to the surrounding areas, and advance the riots in the four provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Guangdong. develop"; (2) How to go deep?It is to "completely confiscate the land of the landlord class and redistribute it by the township Soviet"; (3) "We must use the masses as the main force, and the Red Army as the assistance, to mobilize the riots of the masses around us"; (4) The army "can be formally changed into the Red Army", "political department will be set up to cancel party representatives, and political training for soldiers will be implemented"; (5) Specific tactical issues: "It is not appropriate to redistribute the land of the self-cultivating farmers from the beginning", "In places where riots have not yet arisen, we should not put forward the slogan of confiscating the land of the self-cultivating farmers, and separately propose the confiscation of the landlord class and all ancestral halls the land of the temple commons", "the trade of small merchants must be protected", etc.; (6) "There must be a special agency to guide the labor movement"; (7) "In the development of the organization, we must pay special attention to the increase in the proportion of workers, tenants, farmers and hired farmers", "we must hold regular training courses for the party"; (8) "There is a need for the organization of the Front Committee", and all work in the jurisdictional area is "completely under the command of the Front Committee", and Mao Zedong, Zhu De, a worker comrade, a farmer comrade, and the secretary of the Party Headquarters where the Front Committee is located are appointed five People organized into the front committee, Mao Zedong served as secretary.The Military Commission was organized under the Front Committee, with Zhu De as the secretary.In addition, a labor movement committee was organized, and a worker comrade was previously appointed as the secretary. After heated discussions, the meeting concluded that the letter from the Central Committee "except for one or two specific matters (such as the widening of the guerrilla area and the abolition of the party's representative system), all principles and policies are practical and should be implemented in accordance with it." The June letter from the Central Committee is extremely important, and its basic spirit is correct.This letter specified the nature and tasks of the Chinese revolution at that time, affirmed the struggle in the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area, and proposed a series of principles and policies to strengthen the border struggle.This has played a vital guiding role in the consolidation and development of the Jinggangshan revolutionary base. According to the spirit of the Central Committee's letter of June 4, on November 6, the frontier committee was reorganized on the border. "According to the designation of the Central Committee, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, the local party secretary (Tan Zhenlin), a worker comrade (Song Qiaosheng), and a farmer comrade (Mao Kewen) are composed of five people, and Mao Zedong is the secretary."The Front Committee governs the Border Special Committee and the Fourth Red Army Military Committee. Regarding the Front Enemy Committee, during the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi in September 1927, the Hunan Provincial Party Committee had appointed Mao Zedong as the secretary of the Front Committee, but in March 1928, due to the request of the Hunan Special Committee, the Front Committee was abolished.After the abolition of the former committee, "the work of the counties suddenly lost the center."Later, "there was a letter from the West Jiangxi Special Committee to the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, asking it to organize a border special committee, and then convened county congresses to decide on some important tasks... and elected an executive committee, with Chairman Mao as the secretary. Special Committee Not long after the establishment of the committee, there is indeed a new atmosphere in guiding the work of the counties." In July 1928, the Red Army brigade rushed into southern Shonen to "failure in August", and organized a front committee with Chen Yi as secretary. After the "August failure", this front committee was canceled again and changed to an executive committee with Mao Zedong as secretary.This is the history of the changes in the former committee. At this time, according to the letter from the Central Committee, the front committee was reorganized again, so that there was a unified party leadership organization in the base area, and the front committee governed the special committee and the military committee. Work plays an important role. Is the former committee reorganized on November 6 called the "Fourth Red Army Front Committee" or the "Jinggangshan Front Committee"?There are different opinions.Some people think that it should be called "Jinggangshan Front Committee", based on the report written by Mao Zedong to the Central Committee on November 25 (the Northeast edition of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" was first selected in 1948), which was entitled "Report of the Jinggangshan Front Committee to the Central Committee" .We believe that the "Jinggangshan Front Committee" and the "Red Fourth Army Front Committee" are actually the same thing, but they are called differently.However, at this time, the title of the front committee should be called "the front committee of the Fourth Red Army".The basis is: (1) Shortly after the organization of the Front Committee, in mid-January 1929, it launched an attack on southern Jiangxi and West Fujian. In many subsequent reports, it was called the Front Committee of the Party in the Army.For example: On March 20, 1929, the report of the Front Committee to the Central Committee stated: "The highest organ of the party in the army is the Front Enemy Committee appointed by the Central Committee (due to the needs of the facts, in addition to the list appointed by the Central Committee, a few more were added)" The letter from the committee to the Central Committee before April 5, 1929 also stated: "This time we left Jinggangshan to go to southern Jiangxi and western Fujian. Because of the attitude of our army's centralized leadership (former committee) and person in charge (Zhu Mao) is resolute struggle, so not only The enemy is helpless and the enemy's losses are greater than their victories, and our victories are greater than our losses." "The party's command organization in the Red Army is the former committee appointed by the Central Committee." Both reports said: "The party's The highest organ", "the command organ of the party in the Red Army", is "the front committee appointed by the central government", that is, the front committee of the Fourth Red Army. (2) Peng Dehuai's letter to the Central Committee on April 4, 1929 can also be confirmed.The letter said: "We have now reached the border of Fujian and Jiangxi, joined the Fourth Army, and have been introduced by the Front Committee of the Fourth Army. Here is a brief report of our situation... Now we have been merged into the Fourth Army and formed the fifth column , under the command of the former committee." It was precisely because of the rendezvous and joint compilation of the Fifth Red Army and the Fourth Red Army that Mao Zedong reported to the Central Committee according to the actual situation: "Because of the needs of the facts, in addition to the list appointed by the Central Committee, How many people have been added." The specific personnel of "how many people have been added" are: Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan, Xiong Shouqi, Song Yuhe, and Huang Gonglue. (3) The "Notice of the Front Committee (No. 1)" on February 16, 1930, and the "Report of the Fifth Army Military Commission Teng Daiyuan" on April 27, 1930 all mentioned the "Fourth Army Front Committee" until September 1931 Southwest Jiangxi's comprehensive report also says "Fourth Armed Forces Front Committee". (4) The Front Enemy Committee of the Fourth Red Army did not expand to govern the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Armies, Southwest Jiangxi, West Fujian, Dongjiang, The functions of the front committee leading body (still with Mao Zedong as secretary) for the struggle in the Red Areas such as the Hunan-Kiangsi border have changed. It can be seen from the above that the former committee rebuilt according to the letter from the Central Committee on November 6, 1928 should not be called the "Jinggangshan Front Committee", but the "Red Fourth Army Front Committee".东北版《毛泽东选集》中取题为《井冈山前委对中央的报告》一文，在解放后编入《毛泽东选集》（四卷本）时改题为《井冈山的斗争》，是有道理的。 3.改组边界特委。 湘赣边界特委是边界各县地方党组织系统的最高领导机关，最初是1928年5月23日在宁冈茅坪成立的。毛泽东是中共湘赣边特委的创始人和决策者。 但是，6月以后，特委的负责人几经变迁，对边界的工作造成了一定的影响。6月底，湖南省委派杜修经、杨开明来到边界，要求朱毛率领红四军向湘南发展，由杨开明代理毛泽东的特委书记一职。8月中旬，特委在永新九陂村召开紧急会议，选举杨开明为书记。8月末，杨开明病，由副书记谭震林代理书记。10月初，红四军回边界后又召集了第二次代表大会，杨开明仍当选书记。因杨开明“大病，几濒于死，不能工作”，复由谭震林代理书记。11月杨开明病情仍无好转，常委又改组一次，以谭震林为书记。12月，“因谭震林在特委工作不相宜，调动前委工作”，常委又改组一次，以邓乾元为书记。这样，特委自5月成立以来，半年间时间内，变动了五六次，换了几任书记。 边界特委在割据斗争中具有举足轻重的重要作用。但因任务繁重，干部缺乏，难以顾及许多工作，因此，毛泽东经常忙得不可开交，有时难免出现“个人专政”、“书记独裁”的现象。 对此，杜修经曾说：“现有边界特委工作日益扩大，实际上一切工作与指导，都集中在泽东同志身上，而泽东同志又负军代表责，个人的精力有限，怎理得许多？实际上也就有很多的地方顾及不到了。” 杨开明则认为：“特委的事总是书记一个人处理，个人专政，书记独裁，成为边界的通弊。首先泽东为特委书记时，特委就在泽东一个人荷包里，后来开明代理书记，特委又是开明一个人的独脚戏。有些事不知道到前委解决呢？还是到特委解决呢？甚至有什么事前委就推特委办，特委就推前委办，两下你推我让，甚至两下都不管了。” 为了加强边界党的自身建设，更好地担负起领导湘赣边界的斗争任务，湘赣边界党的第二次代表大会，就“过去的党的机关，在上半期是个人专政，书记独裁，完全没有集体指导及民主化的精神”的现象，围绕着形成党的民主集中制，《决议案》提出了下列举措：（1）特委、县委都设4个以上的巡视员，经常指导下级的工作，帮助各级党部改造；（2）各级党的机关，必须健全组织，反对个人领导，一切权力集中常委会；（3）一切政策都要党员热烈讨论，深切了解，使党员群众能根据政策定出工作计划；（4）各级党部委员及书记应尽量用选举方法产生；（5）增加工人领导力量，严格防止农民党的倾向；（6）特委应极力注意使本身和各县委健全，对于边界各县党的工作，应有整个的布置；（7）“铁的纪律”为布尔什维克的主要精神，要使党壁垒森严，步伐整齐的成为强健的斗争组织。 正是因为有了这些得力的措施，同时也因为毛泽东及边界党意识到并重视了边界各级党部自身建设的重要性，因此在党的“二大”后不久，即使面临着湘赣两省敌军第三次“会剿”的严重局面，边界特委不但没有塌台，而且坚强有力地领导边界军民打破了敌人的“会剿”，开辟了新的割据局面。 4.加强党的思想建设。 在湘赣边界的各项工作中，有一个使前委和毛泽东一直感到困扰的问题，就是边界各县党组织的思想建设问题。 由于根据地地处偏隅，是一个典型的自给自足的封闭式的农村山区环境，“边界各县的党，几乎完全是农民成分的党”。 “社会组织普遍是以一姓为单位的家族组织。党在村落中的组织，由于居住关系，许多是一姓的党员为一支部，支部会议简直同时就是家族会议”。Mao Zedong: "The Struggle in Jinggangshan".党的组织也有一些宗族裙带关系。如宁冈县委中，组织部长刘克犹、宣传部长刘辉霄，都是县委书记龙超清的姐夫等。为此，毛泽东曾深有感触地说：“在这种情形下，'斗争的布尔什维克党'的建设，真是难得很。”毛泽东：《井冈山的斗争》。 为什么“难得很”呢？主要是边界各县的家族观念、地方主义严重地影响着党的建设和发展。因为“各县之间地方主义很重，一县内的各区乃至各乡之间也有很深的地方主义。这种地方主义的改变，说道理，至多发生几分效力，多半要靠白色势力的非地方主义的压迫。例如，反革命的两省'会剿'，使人民在斗争中有了共同的利害，才可以逐渐地打破他们的地方主义。”毛泽东：《井冈山的斗争》。 边界的地方主义，是一种狭隘的小生产者的观念，是封建农村经济的反映，它与无产阶级的思想体系格格不入，成为建设布尔什维克党的严重障碍。“有了地方主义，各地革命斗争就得不到互相配合，只顾自己地区的局部利益，保守自己的地方，兄弟地区有困难也不互相帮助。”陈正人：《毛泽东同志创建井冈山革命根据地的伟大实践》。“说共产党不分国界省界的话，他们不大懂，不分县界、区界、乡界的话，他们也是不大懂得的。” “地方主义在永新特别严重。”“如去年永新县要脱离特委而独立，其地方观念、保守思想、自由傲慢的劣根性亦是很多的。”“永新县委书记被商人所蒙蔽，发生保资本家的事件，军委和县委联席会议议决枪毙反动同志龙怡奎，结果，县委把龙怡奎放了。”。 其他各县，“宁（冈）、莲（花）等县亦不注意向特委报告，以与特委发生关系”。“酃县县委正式命令赤色游击队脱离广大的群众跟着军队乱跑”。 对于边界党的建设，毛泽东曾作了多番的努力。如派毛泽覃去宁冈乔林乡抓建党试点，自己亲自到永新秋溪乡开展建党工作等。在这些试点工作中，都对农村党员作了无产阶级、阶级斗争、共产主义等方面的知识教育，培育基层党员的共产主义观念。尔后，特委又举办了各式的训练班，分期分批对训练班的党团员进行思想教育。 在上述艰苦、复杂的工作中，毛泽东逐渐形成和得出了一个重要思想，即：“我们感觉无产阶级思想领导的问题，是一个非常重要的问题。边界各县的党，几乎完全是农民成分的党，若不给以无产阶级的思想领导，其趋向是会要错误的。”毛泽东：《井冈山的斗争》。 毛泽东的这一思想，是“斗争的布尔什维克党”建党学说中的精髓。正是在这个思想的指导下，边界“二大”以后，边界特委加大了无产阶级思想教育工作的力度，边界各县的党组织通过“洗党”运动也大大提高了战斗力。 5.克服土客籍矛盾对党的组织的影响。 湘赣边界除了地方主义、家族观念的影响外，还有一件“特别的事”，就是土客籍矛盾。这种矛盾演绎发展为“土籍的党，客籍的枪”的尖锐对峙。 土客籍问题，是井冈山斗争时期一个特殊而尖锐的问题，是历史上遗留下来的恶习。土籍的本地人和数百年前从北方迁移来的客籍人之间有着很大的界限，历史上的仇怨非常深，有时发生很激烈的斗争。这种客籍人从闽粤边起，沿湘赣两省边界至鄂南，约有几百万人。客籍人占领山地，为占领平地的土籍人所压迫，素无政治经济权利。大革命失败后，客籍被土籍压迫如故。在湘赣边红色区域内，宁冈、遂川、酃县、茶陵，都有土客籍问题，而以宁冈最为严重。“这种土客籍的界限，在道理上讲不应引到被剥削的工农阶级内部来，尤其不应引到共产党内部来。然而在事实上，因为多年遗留下来的习惯，这种界限依然存在。”毛泽东：《井冈山前委给中央的报告》。 开始，这个问题并未引起毛泽东的注意。因为从三湾改编到茅坪安家期间，宁冈的土籍革命派龙超清、刘辉霄与客籍革命派袁文才、刘克犹等，配合很默契，他们之间还曾共同控制宁冈达一年之久。可后来，随着斗争的深入，这个矛盾便渐渐显露出来了。 1927年底，宁冈县农协下通牒，要捉拿宁冈8个土豪，其中土籍有6个，客籍只有2个。有些跟土豪有某种裙带关系的土籍群众就说，打土豪土籍吃了亏。后来，在人事权力问题上，土客两籍出现了相互倾轧的现象。1928年2月间，宁冈县工农兵政府成立，毛泽东推举活捉敌县长张开阳的土籍农民、暴动队长文根宗出任县工农兵政府主席。未料，客籍革命派对土籍人文根宗当县长有意见。文根宗出任不到3个月，客籍革命派便提出要“轮流坐庄”，每届任期3个月，最多不能超过两届任期。由于客籍革命派拥兵自重，是年5月，县工农兵政府主席即改由客籍的甘金煌担任。然而，甘金煌只担任一个多月，由土籍革命派掌权的县委又以甘金煌“文化低，能力差”为由，把甘给撤换了。 对此事，毛泽东和工农革命军的一些负责同志曾出面干预，批评了龙超清和袁文才。然而，尽管毛泽东等苦口婆心，陷入土客籍矛盾漩涡的龙超清、袁文才等人，为各自代表一方的利益所驱使，始终难以超脱，不能自拔，而且在某些问题上愈陷愈深，土客籍矛盾愈演愈烈。如在土地革命问题上，宁冈前后分了三次田。第一次是1928年2月新城战斗后，因居住山区的客籍农民未分到居住平畴的土籍人的大田而迟迟分不下去；第二次在5月，改“以乡为单位”为“以区为单位”，这一次分青苗，又因土籍农民中有瞒田不报无法查清而未能分匀；第三次是“八月失败”后，又重新分了一次，还是因土客籍的矛盾纷争未能分好。 边界“八月失败”时，土籍豪绅带领反动军队回宁冈，宣传客籍将杀土籍。一时，土籍农民大部“反水”，挂起白带子，带领白军烧屋搜山，压迫客籍人。后来红军打败白军，土籍农民跟着反动派逃走，客籍农民又去没收土籍农民的财物。经毛泽东布置红军大力宣传“不杀反水农民”、“反水农民回来一样得田地”之后，才使他们安心回家。 “土籍的党，客籍的枪”，在边界实际上指的是边界党内以土籍领袖龙超清、朱昌偕、王怀为代表的政治势力，同以客籍领袖袁文才、王佐为代表的军事势力之间的对立。因边界土客籍矛盾由来已久，一时难以整治，于是，毛泽东和边界特委便断然采取了组织措施，将龙超清调往莲花工作；任命袁文才为红四军参谋长，刘辉霄为前委秘书长，于1929年初随军行动；将何长工调任宁冈县委书记；同时，对边界县、区委干部也作了相应的调整。 这着棋果然奏效。土客籍矛盾日渐趋于缓和。然而，这种矛盾的纷争和宿怨，始终未能从根本上消除。到1930年2月，导致了一场沉痛的历史悲剧。 “八月失败”以后，党内有些同志被暂时的困难和挫折所迷惑、吓倒，对前途感到渺茫，把曾经在5月间出现过的“红旗到底打得多久”的疑问又提了出来。这种错误思潮的再次产生，表现了极大的危害性。为此，毛泽东感到有必要再次答复这个问题。 1928年10月4日至6日，毛泽东和边界特委在宁冈茅坪的步云山白云寺，主持召开了边界各县党的第二次代表大会。出席会议的有边界各县党和军中党的负责人共100多人。毛泽东代表第一届特委会在会上作了长篇报告。报告详细地论证了国内的政治形势，边界红色政权存在和发展的原因，肯定了创造罗霄山脉中段政权的重大意义，同时，再次回答了“红旗到底打得多久”的疑问。 会议的主要议题和结果是：（1）通过毛泽东为本次大会起草的湘赣边界党的第二次代表大会决议案；（2）改选边界特委，重新推举了毛泽东、朱德、陈毅、谭震林、陈正人、龙超清、刘天干、盘圆珠、谭思聪、谭兵、李却非、朱亦岳、袁文才、王佐农、宛希先、王佐、杨开明、何挺颖等19人为第二届特委会的委员。鉴于8月间的永新九陂会议曾改选杨开明任特委书记，但8月底杨开明患病，由副书记谭震林代理，这次会议上，原本也拟选杨开明任二届特委书记，由于他仍患重病，故由谭震林代理书记，陈正人为副书记。（3）在选举产生新的特委的基础上，对边界党的改造与建设、各县工作问题、农村斗争问题、工人运动问题、兵士运动问题、宣传问题、训练问题、苏维埃问题、土地问题、青年团问题进行了讨论和决议，并通过了《井冈山土地法》和《工会组织法》。 毛泽东在会上作的《政治问题和边界党的任务》（即《决议案》的第一部分《中国的红色政权为什么能够存在？》一文），就国内的政治状况、中国红色政权发生和存在的原因、湘赣边界的割据与八月失败、湘赣边界的割据在湘鄂赣三省的地位、经济问题、军事根据地问题六个方面进行了全面的分析与论证，并从理论上阐述了“工农武装割据”的伟大思想。 毛泽东的论述，指明了中国革命的形势和特点，不仅对“左”倾盲动主义作了有力的批判，同时对“红旗到底能打得多久”的右倾悲观论调再一次进行了科学的回答。这个报告极大地鼓舞了与会人员的信心，使以后边界党的思想基本上得到统一。 边界党的“二大”决议案，详细地论述了边界的斗争现状，系统地总结了边界党在自身建设中的经验和存在的问题，明确地提出了加强地方各级党组织建设和改进边界各项工作的措施和要求，并强调“指出过去党内的错误，洗刷党内机会主义的遗毒，改造各级党部，使之走上真正无产阶级领导的道路，是今后各级党部重要的责任”。 边界党的第二次代表大会的召开，标志着毛泽东“工农武装割据”思想和红色政权理论的初步形成。“工农武装割据”思想和红色政权理论，体现了我党在幼年时期对中国革命特点的认识，为中国革命农村包围城市，武装夺取政权道路理论的形成，奠定了坚实基础。这是毛泽东的一大贡献。 边界“二大”以后，根据地的割据局面出现了新的转机，红色区域迅速扩大，革命政权日益巩固。 此时，根据边界“二大”的决定