Chapter 8 Chapter 7 Expansion of the Red Zone

After the two armies joined forces, the military strength of the Jinggangshan base area was greatly enhanced, but it also caused panic among the enemy troops in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. On May 2, 1928, Chiang Kai-shek also issued a telegram to the governments of Hunan, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces to "suppress them in the near future". When the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army moved from southern Hunan to the Jinggang Mountains, the Hunan enemy divided the province into five "cleaning and suppression" areas in an attempt to wipe out the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army in Hunan "within a period of one month".After the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army retreated into the Jinggang Mountains, the Hunan enemy's "pursuit and suppression" relaxed somewhat, while the Jiangxi enemy stepped up its "advancement and suppression" of the Jinggangshan base area from late April.

In late April, Yang Ruxuan, commander of the 27th Division of the Jiangxi enemy, led his entire division to rush to the Jinggangshan base area, launching the second "suppression".At that time, the 79th Regiment of the enemy advanced from the front of Qixiling, and the 81st Regiment made a detour from the side of Nashan and Wudoujiang in an attempt to form a north-south pincer attack on Ninggang, the center of the base. Upon hearing the news, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and others immediately convened a meeting of the Military Commission of the Fourth Red Army.After more than half a year of practice of armed separatism, Mao Zedong has explored and summed up the combat secrets of "dividing troops to mobilize the masses and concentrating to deal with the enemy". He also has experience in guerrilla warfare, and is an expert in the military.The Military Commission quickly deployed the operational policy of avoiding the enemy's main force, attacking the flanks, attacking east and west, and concentrating its forces to wipe out the enemy all the way.It was decided that Zhu De, Chen Yi, and Wang Erzhuo would lead the 28th and 29th regiments to attack the enemy's 81st regiment; Mao Zedong and He Tingying would lead the 31st regiment to Qixiling at the junction of Ninggang and Yongxin to block the enemy's 70th regiment Nine regiments.

At the end of April, Zhou Tiren, the head of the 81st Regiment of the enemy, believed that he was well equipped and eager to win, and sent a battalion from Nashan to Huang'ao, while he himself led the brigade to advance towards Wudoujiang.At this time, Wang Erzhuo led the 28th regiment and happened to meet the enemy in Huang'ao.The 28th Regiment is a Nanchang Uprising force. After many battles, it is no problem to take down a battalion of the enemy. However, Zhu De let the 28th Regiment retreat to Xiaoxingzhou with a feint shot, and then sent the 29th Regiment to quietly attack the Yellow River. Ao rushed forward and surrounded the enemy.The twenty-eighth regiment took over but did not fight, and let the twenty-ninth regiment participate in the battle. This was Zhu De and others' clever plan.

At dawn the next day, the battle of Huang'ao started.The 29th Regiment was the rioting peasant army in southern Hunan. It was the first time they fought the enemy after going up the mountain.The enemy took it lightly and was unprepared. They left a lot of corpses and fled to Nashan.After receiving the report, Zhou Tiren, the head of the enemy regiment, thought it was "a small group of red bandits, not enough to cause trouble", so he still pushed forward to Wudoujiang. At this time, the 28th Regiment had changed its marching direction and was waiting for the arrival of the enemy at Wudou River.

That night, Zhu De still did not order the 28th Regiment to attack, but sent a small group of troops together with the Suichuan Red Guard Brigade to harass the enemy all night in rotation, making the enemy's Zhou Tiren Regiment exhausted. The next day, the 81st Regiment of the enemy continued to march towards Wudoujiang. After entering the encirclement, the head of the regiment Wang Erzhuo gave an order. Immediately, our 28th Regiment attacked with all its strength, and the bullets flew together, defeating the enemy.Only then did Zhou Tiren know that he had met Zhu De's main force.So, not daring to love to fight, he took the road and fled.Seeing this, Zhu De and Wang Erzhuo led their troops in pursuit and chased to Mount Na in one go.

After dawn the next day, Zhu De and Wang Erzhuo led their troops again to pursue the victory to Yongxin.Yongxin is the headquarters of the enemy Yang Ruxuan's 27th Division. At first the enemy's 80th Regiment and division headquarters tried to resist. Under the fierce offensive of our army, the army's morale was in turmoil, so they had to abandon the city and flee.Our army took advantage of the victory to occupy Yongxin City for the first time. The enemy 79th Regiment, which was attacking Qixiling, heard that the 81st Regiment was defeated in Wudoujiang, and then fled to Ji'an.Mao Zedong, who blocked the enemy at Qixiling, saw the enemy fleeing by himself, and knew that Zhu De's troops had succeeded, so he followed and chased them all the way, and also entered Yongxin City.In this way, after joining forces, the Fourth Red Army successfully broke the enemy's second "invasion and suppression". On May 2, Mao Zedong wrote to the Central Committee in Yongxin City, happily writing: "Yang Ruxuan, who pursued the Maoists, was driven to the border of Jiangxi by the Maoists. His 81st Regiment was defeated at Wudoujiang in Suichuan, seven The 19th Regiment was disarmed by Mao, and the 3rd Battalion was also defeated by Zhubu in Yongxin. Now the 31st Regiment of Maobu also came from Ninggang. "This is the first battle of Wudoujiang——the Fourth Red Army occupied Yongxin.

The victory in the battle of Wudoujiang was the first victory after Zhu Mao joined forces. The Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army and the people in the base areas were all rejoicing. After Mao Zedong led the 31st regiment to Yongxin, he agreed with Zhu De, Chen Yi, Wang Erzhuo, etc.: Taking advantage of this good season, "adopt a strategy of in-depth internal and external affairs, with Yongxin as the center and nearby counties to initiate Riots. Internally, the party (army) was established, and the army raised funds to make clothes; externally, it helped the localities launch workers’ and peasants’ riots, and established workers’ and peasants’ regimes to distribute land.”It is more meaningful not to go straight to Ji'an, but to "do these things with the effort of beating Ji'an".

Arranged for the 29th and 31st Regiments to mobilize the masses and carry out revolutionary struggles in Yongxin County. In the area around the pond in the township, we started to carry out the pilot work of the border agrarian revolution.In order to help Mao Zedong do a good job in the land survey, the Yongxin County Party Committee sent He Zizhen and Xu Peiyi who had returned to work in Yongxin to assist in the investigation. Prior to this, in February 1928, in order to carry out the agrarian revolution on the border, Mao Zedong had sent Mao Zetan to Qiaolin in Ninggang Dalong to carry out the pilot work of the agrarian revolution.After Mao Zetan arrived in Qiaolin Village, he actively relied on the local people to carry out the earliest experimental work of dividing land on the border and accumulated some experience. In March, when Mao Zedong led his troops to Zhongcun, Lingxian County, Hunan Province, he carried out another pilot project of land revolution. However, due to the riots in southern Hunan, they came and went in a hurry, and the division of land in Zhongcun failed.Therefore, Mao Zedong paid special attention to this pondside experiment.

By the pond, Mao Zedong was extremely busy, investigating and visiting the poor day and night.He asked He Zizhen and Xu Peiyi to invite some farmers to the place of residence for a symposium to learn more about the basic situation around the pond.It turns out that the land occupation situation by the pond is the same as that in other places, and most of the land is in the hands of landlords and gentry.The 48 poor farmers in Tangbian Village only own 43 mu of land, while the landlord Xu Meishan owns 191 mu of land, which shows the high concentration of border land. In order to solicit the opinions of the poor peasants on land distribution, Mao Zedong kindly asked the peasants to express their views.At that time, at the symposium, a poor farmer named Xu Bangxun, with 9 members in his family and only 4 laborers, proposed to Mao Zedong: It is not good to divide the land according to the labor force, so that the elderly and children have no land, and they should be distributed equally according to the population; It is also not good to confiscate all land and distribute it equally, as this will hurt the enthusiasm of the owner-peasants.

Mao Zedong listened to their opinions with an open mind.In order to further understand the demands of the peasant masses for the agrarian revolution, Mao Zedong, together with Hu Bo (Secretary of the District Party Committee) and He Zizhen, went to Xiayou, Nancheng, Hanshan and other villages for discussions and investigations, and finally formed the "Yongxin Investigation" ( It's a pity that it was lost in the subsequent wars). After extensive investigation and research, Mao Zedong formed a temporary program for dividing the fields by the pond, with a total of 17 items.At this time, all villages by the pond established land committees, and carried out land surveying, registration and other preparatory work.Afterwards, under the guidance of the 17 Programs, a campaign to divide the land was launched in Yongxin Xixiang.

During Mao Zedong's investigation and research by the pond, the 28th, 29th, and 31st Regiments of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army carried out close-range divisions in Yongxin, and went deep into the countryside to mobilize the masses.Xiao Ke recalled: "After the first attack on Yongxin, the troops were divided. The forward troops arrived in Tianhe. Our 29th Regiment was stationed at Shihuiqiao, mainly doing mass work." He Changgong said: "After the attack on Yongxin, the Red Army In the territory of Yongxin, there was a division of troops for about a week, with Xixiang as the main force and developing towards the east. Xixiang has a good foundation, but Ji’an Tianhe is weak, and the 31st Regiment is in Xixiang.” Mao Zedong’s experiment by the pond effectively guided the land revolution movement in Yongxin County. At the same time, it also set a model for the in-depth development of the land revolution movement on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, and accumulated experience for the formation and formulation of the "Jinggangshan Land Law". After the Fourth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army captured Yongxin County, the people in the four villages of Yongxin, under the organization of the Yongxin County Party Committee, happily carried pigs and wine to the county town to comfort the troops. The Fourth Army rested in the county town for two days.Subsequently, hosted by the Yongxin County Party Committee, a military-civilian meeting to welcome the Fourth Army and celebrate the victory and liberation of Yongxin was held in the county seat.The people from the four villages rushed to the county town to attend the meeting, carrying blunderbuss, spears, sabers, etc. on their shoulders.More than 80 people from Wanshuo Village, Beixiang, in order to catch up with the meeting, actually cooked food in the middle of the night and went to the city with Yue Yue.On that day, more than 10,000 people attended the meeting, and the venue was filled with a warm and joyful atmosphere. Mao Zedong spoke at the conference.In simple words, he pointed out the root cause of the hard work of the working people all year round without enough food and clothing, affirmed the contribution of the Yongxin Party organization and the people of Yongxin in their struggle against the ruling class, and called on the people of Yongxin to rise up and launch a guerrilla campaign against the local tyrants and divide their land riot.At the same time, Mao Zedong also explained the policies, such as the free exchange of farmers, the free trading of businessmen, and public buying and selling.At the meeting, Mao Zedong also announced the establishment of the Yongxin County Government of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers.Yongxin County Party History Office edited: "Yongxin People's Revolutionary History", internal distribution. After the meeting, Peng Wenxiang was elected as the chairman of the Yongxin County Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Government and a member of the county government.The Yongxin County Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Government consists of the Military Department, Finance Department, Judgment Department, Land Department, Women's Department, etc., and the county government is located in Zuojia Temple in the county seat. The Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Government of Yongxin County is the fourth Red Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Government in the Hunan-Kiangsi border established after the Chaling, Suichuan, and Ninggang Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Governments.After the establishment of the Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Government of Yongxin County, under the guidance of Mao Zedong's thought of "vigorously managing Yongxin" and "Yongxin is more important than a country", it cooperated with the close division of troops by the Fourth Army in Yongxin and actively carried out the "creation of mass separatism". , arrange the work of "long-term struggle" to form a solid foundation for the regime in the middle Luoxiao Mountains.The leaders of the Yongxin County Party Committee and the county government, Liu Zhen, Liu Zuoshu, Wang Huai, He Minxue, He Zizhen, Peng Wenxiang, etc., actively guided and cooperated with the 28th, 29th, and 31st Regiments of the Fourth Army of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Army. Commanders and fighters went deep into rural market towns such as Dongli, Shiqiao, and Gaoqiao in Dongxiang; The masses beat the local tyrants to divide the land, develop local armed forces, and establish a red political power. After a period of work, guerrilla riots were widely carried out in Yongxin County to fight against local tyrants and divide their fields. The masses mobilized and the red political power was established.For example, with Jiulong Mountain as the center, the Southeast Special Zone Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Government was established; with Tianlong Mountain as the center, the Northwest Special Zone Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Government was established. In order to strengthen Yongxin's work, vigorously manage Yongxin, and "build a solid foundation for the central area", Mao Zedong and the Front Committee of the Fourth Army also dispatched capable cadres in the army, Tan Zhenlin, Cai Huiwen, Wan Xixian, Chen Shiju, etc., to Xiaojiang District, Southeast Special Zone, The Northwest Special Zone guides the work.Tan Zhenlin once recalled: "The so-called vigorous management of Yongxin means to deepen the agrarian revolution in the whole county, establish party organizations at all levels, establish a workers', peasants' and soldiers' government and local armed forces, overthrow the local tyrants and evil gentry, divide the land, and implement various policies. .In Yongxin, within half a month, we divided our troops to mobilize the masses, established the party, expanded the army, established a red government, and divided the land from local tyrants, and soon formed a relatively solid base.” The news that Zhu Maojun occupied Yongxin City soon spread from Nanchang to Nanjing.Chiang Kai-shek was very frightened and urgently ordered Hunan and Jiangxi provinces to "step up the suppression of bandits and make no mistakes."Zhu Peide, chairman of the Jiangxi Provincial Government, did not expect that the well-equipped 27th Division of Yang Ruxuan would be defeated by Zhu Mao.Therefore, Yang Ruxuan was ordered to lead all the 27th divisions, and Ji'an returned to attack Yongxin; in addition, a regiment of Wang Jun's 7th division and Yang Chisheng's 9th division were sent to guard the Hunan-Jiangxi border from Zhangshu.Its deployment is: one battalion of the 27th Division, the 79th Regiment and the 27th Regiment of the Ninth Division entered Puyongxin City, and the remaining nearly 4 regiments crossed Heshui in the south and traveled from Longyuankou to Ningxia. Gang attack. On May 13, the Jiangxi enemy launched the third "suppression" to the Jinggangshan base area. When it was learned that the enemy had begun to attack Yongxin, the Fourth Army, led by Mao Zedong and Zhu De, voluntarily withdrew from Yongxin to avoid the enemy's edge and retreated to Ninggang, the center of the base. How to break the enemy's "advancement and suppression"?After Mao Zedong, Zhu De and others returned to Ninggang, they held discussions at the Liu Desheng Pharmacy in Long City.It is definitely not possible to fight head-on against the enemy; it is best to draw the enemy out and divide and annihilate them.After planning, the 1st Battalion of the 31st Regiment rushed to Chaling Gaolong on May 16. Gaolong is the hometown of Tan Yan, chairman of the national government. On the 16th, the 1st Battalion of the 31st Regiment occupied Gaolong.The next day, a fierce battle started with the Hunan enemy in Gaolong.Zhu De and Wang Erzhuo led the 28th Regiment to join the battle from Ninggang. They wiped out hundreds of enemies and handed over hundreds of guns.The 31st regiment also suffered dozens of casualties, and the battalion commander Yimin died unfortunately. The Red Army's attack on Gaolong really mobilized the enemies stationed in Yongxin.Yang Ruxuan didn't know that this was Mao Zedong and Zhu De's strategy of "striking from the east to attack the west". Seeing that the Fourth Army was leaving Chaling to the west, he hurriedly ordered the main force to cross Heshui to the south in an attempt to occupy Ninggang; Tian and Longtian; Yang Ruxuan himself accompanied the division headquarters and a special agent battalion to command and supervise the battle in Yongxin City. After Mao Zedong heard the news, he ordered the 29th Regiment, 32nd Regiment, Ninggang and Yongxin's local armed forces to rush to the new and old Qixiling to take advantage of the mountain danger to prevent the enemy from advancing northward; Tell Zhu De to lead the 28th Regiment, the 31st Regiment and the first battalion to rush eastward, rushing to Yongxin, and directly smashing into the lair of Yang Ruxuan's division. After Zhu De received the letter, he hurriedly led his troops to march more than 130 miles in one breath, and arrived at Yongxintian on the evening of the 18th.Hearing that the enemy Liu Anhua's troops were coming, they set up an ambush in the area of ​​Heidong Mountain in Caoshi'ao and waited for the enemy. On May 19, Liu Anhua, head of the 79th Regiment of the enemy, led his troops to approach Caoshi'ao swaggeringly.Liu Anhua never imagined in his dreams that Zhu De's troops had arrived at Caoshi'ao so quickly and set up an ambush.Wang Erzhuo fired a shot, and immediately, the machine guns and rifles of the 28th Regiment roared at the same time.Liu Anhua was stunned, and hurriedly ordered the troops to seize the commanding heights, but the four machine guns that our army had placed on the top of the mountain fired all at once.Seeing that the situation was not good, Liu Anhua galloped back, and a bullet flew in, ending his life.When the officers and soldiers of the 79th regiment saw that the regiment leader was dead, they threw their guns one after another and became prisoners. Zhu De and Wang Erzhuo left behind armed forces to clean up the battlefield, and then led their troops to take advantage of the victory and advance to Yongxin City. Yang Ruxuan, who was sitting in Yongxin City, was listening to the phonograph with his aunt, when he heard the news that the 79th regiment had lost and the Fourth Red Army was approaching the city, he couldn't believe it at all.It wasn't until the gunshots rang out and the bullets hit the roof that he woke up like a dream, changed into civilian clothes, and jumped out of the city to escape.At this time, Zhu De led his troops to attack the city, a bullet roared, Yang Ruxuan tilted his head, the bullet flew past, saved his life, and pierced his ear.Yang Ruxuan was so frightened that he was paralyzed to the ground, was lifted up by the guards, and fled in the direction of Ji'an. The 80th, 81st, and 79th regiments that invaded Ninggang were wiped out, Liu Anhua was killed, Yongxin fell, and the division commander was wounded. Terrified, they hurriedly withdrew from Qixiling and fled to Ji'an. In the battle between Caoshi'ao and Yongxin City, a total of one regiment of the enemy was wiped out, the enemy's regiment leader was killed, the enemy's division headquarters was defeated, the enemy's division commander was wounded, 2 mountain guns, 7 mortars and a large number of guns and ammunition were seized, and more than 20 tons of enemy Yinyang were intercepted , Created a glorious record after the establishment of the Fourth Army, and simply and neatly broke the third "suppression" of Jiangxi's enemy Jinggangshan base area.It was fighting for Caoshi'ao - the Fourth Red Army occupied Yongxin for the second time. After the Fourth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army occupied Yongxin for the second time and broke the third "suppression" of Jiangxi's hostile Jinggangshan base area, the situation in the base area changed drastically. Expansion is really exciting.What is even more exciting is that, after several reports requesting the establishment of the Border Special Committee, finally the instruction letter from the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee was transferred from the Ji’an County Party Committee, clearly approving the organization of the Hunan-Jiangxi Special Committee (Cha, You, Ling County, Ninggang, Lianhua, Yongxin, and Suichuan), approved the convening of county congresses on May 21st and 22nd to resolve political issues, political discipline, riot slogans, political platforms, and election of persons in charge.” Regarding the establishment of the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Special Committee, after Mao Zedong led the Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Army to the border in October 1927, he reported the situation on the border to the Jiangxi and Hunan Provincial Party Committees and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in the name of the Front Enemy Committee in December, “ It is recommended to organize a border special committee". In March 1928, Zhou Lu, a representative of the Southern Hunan Special Committee, came to Ningkang and abolished the former committee, causing the border to "lose its center, separate its own government, and cause unhealthy phenomena." Therefore, the party congresses of the border counties were convened to form a unified leadership core Therefore, the establishment of the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Special Committee is very urgent and imperative. Around April 24, after the victory of the Zhu and Mao armies in Long City, Ninggang, the separatist regime was increasingly consolidated and expanded. In addition to the establishment of a relatively solid red regime in Ninggang County, it also owned Suichuan, Chaling and other counties Red regime, and actively advance to Yongxin, Lianhua, Lingxian, and even Anfu and Ji'an.The development of the situation requires a strong and unified party leadership. With the continuous deepening and development of the border struggle, Jiangxi, Hunan provincial committees and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China are all watching the development of this situation. In the "Resolution on Political Tasks and Work Guidelines of Hunan Province" dated February 21, 1928, there was a reference to "Chaling, Youxian, and Anren belonging to the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Special Committee", which shows that the Hunan Provincial Party Committee has agreed to Mao Zedong's proposal. Opinion. On May 2, 1928, Mao Zedong’s report to the Central Committee also included the words “in the letter from the Anyuan Municipal Party Committee, occasionally the Hunan Provincial Party Committee has approved it.” (Guancha, You, Ling, Ninggang, Yong, Sui, and Lianhua counties)". After receiving formal approval from the higher-level party organizations, Mao Zedong and others decided to take advantage of the opportunity of stability after World War II to hold the first party congresses of the counties on the Hunan-Jiangxi border and formally form the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Special Committee of the Communist Party of China. The first congress of the Communist Party of China on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi was held on May 20, 1928 at Xie's Shengong Temple in Maoping, Ninggang.Attending the meeting were more than 60 representatives from the 5 county committees of Ninggang, Yongxin, Suichuan, Lianhua, and Lingxian, as well as the Chaling Special District Party Committee and the Army Party.Comprehensive historical materials such as "Interview Records of Comrade He Changgong", "Interview Records of Comrade Liu Xing's Conversation", "Comrade Chen Zhengren's Memories".Mao Zedong presided over the meeting.The agenda of the meeting is: (1) Summarize the experience and lessons learned in the six months since the establishment of the Jinggangshan base area; (2) Discuss and formulate policies and platforms for consolidating and developing the base area; (3) Discuss how to deepen the issue of the land revolution; (4) Elect leaders Institutions, the establishment of the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Special Committee of the Communist Party of China. When summarizing the work of the past six months, Mao Zedong made a speech at the meeting.Mao Zedong's speech was mainly aimed at some people who lost confidence in difficult and critical times, believed that the future was bleak, and became pessimistic, and raised the question of "how long will the red flag be fought".Mao Zedong analyzed the situation of the Chinese revolution, clarified the characteristics of the Chinese revolution, and pointed out that China is a semi-feudal, semi-colonial, politically and economically backward country under the indirect rule of imperialism with uneven development. The separatist regimes and wars continue to occur, and the small red separatist regimes in China may exist for a long time.In this regard, Mao Zedong later described in his article "Strategic Issues in China's Revolutionary War": "From the winter of 1927 to the spring of 1928, shortly after the outbreak of guerrilla warfare in China, the border areas between Hunan and Jiangxi provinces— —When some comrades in Jinggangshan raised the question of 'how long will the red flag be raised', we pointed it out (the first congress of the Hunan-Jiangxi border party). Because this is the most basic question, Without answering the question of whether the Chinese revolutionary base areas and the Chinese Red Army can exist and develop, we cannot move forward." The Congress discussed and formulated policies for consolidating and developing base areas.That is: resolutely fight against the enemy, form a political power in the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains, and oppose escapeism; go deep into the land revolution in the separatist areas; the military party helps the development of the local party, and the armed forces of the army help the development of the local armed forces; Hunan is on the defensive, and Jiangxi, where the ruling power is relatively weak, is on the offensive; use great efforts to manage Yongxin, create a separatist regime for the masses, and arrange for a long-term struggle; concentrate the Red Army's cameras to meet the current enemy, oppose the division of troops, and avoid being completely defeated by the enemy; Expand the adoption of wave-like promotion policies.Mao Zedong: "The Struggle in Jinggangshan".The formulation of these seven policies played an extremely important role in the base area entering its heyday. The conference had extensive and lively discussions on how to carry out the land revolution in depth.The conference decided to carry out comprehensive and in-depth agrarian revolution activities to attack local tyrants and divide land on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi.The General Assembly also adopted resolutions on political issues, political discipline, riot slogans, and political platforms. The General Assembly elected the first special committee of the Hunan-Jiangxi border of the Communist Party of China.Election of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Chen Yi, Liu Yinsheng, Wan Xixian, Tan Zhenlin, Liu Tianqian, Xie Guibiao, Long Gaogui, Wang Zuo, Long Shouyu, He Zhihua, Liu Yan, Tan Puxiang, Chen Jingjin, Chen Zhengren, Liu Huixiao, Chen Shao, Liu Zhen, etc. Nineteen members were members of the special committee, Mao Zedong, Wan Xixian, Liu Zhen, Tan Zhenlin, and Xie Guibiao were five members of the standing committee, Mao Zedong was the secretary, Wan Xixian was in charge of organization, and Liu Zhen was in charge of propaganda. The list of special committee members elected by the "big one" meeting on the border was later published in the special committee's "notice book". In July 1928, the 28th and 29th regiments of the Fourth Red Army fought against the enemy in Chenzhou, Hunan Province. The battle was won first and then lost. The documents of the Fourth Army were intercepted by the enemy. The Political Training Department of the Sixteenth Army of the National Revolutionary Army extracted this document List, compile it in the article entitled "The Conspiracy of the Communist Party of Hunan and Jiangxi".In the mid-1980s, it was discovered in the enemy and puppet archives stored in the Anhua County Archives in Hunan.This list is slightly different from the number contained in Mao Zedong's "The Struggle in Jinggangshan". Mao Zedong recorded 23 people.This is because in the "Instruction Letter of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Hunan-Jiangxi Special Committee and the Fourth Army Military Commission on Military Work" dated June 26, 1928, it stated that "the provincial committee appointed Comrade Yang Kaiming as the secretary of the special committee, and Yuan Wencai participated in the special committee. Committee, and appointed two of Lianhua's most capable comrades to work in the special committee", plus Yang, Yuan and other 4 people, it was exactly 23 people.Therefore, this special committee list is reliable. After Mao Zedong became the Secretary of the Border Special Committee, the Secretary of the Military Commission of the Fourth Army was changed to Chen Yi. The conference was held for three days and ended on May 22.After the establishment of the Hunan-Jiangxi Boundary Special Committee, it became the highest leading body of the border party, and unifiedly led the Military Commission of the Fourth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army and the party organizations in the border counties.The special committee was established in Panlong Academy in Maoping, Ninggang. The convening of the "big one" of the Hunan-Jiangxi border party and the establishment of the border special committee have effectively promoted the rapid expansion of base areas and the work of border counties.Since then, all counties on the border have set off a vigorous campaign to crack down on the local tyrants and divide the land.Because of the correct policy of the Border Party, "there were military victories from April to July and the development of the mass separatist regime. Although the enemy was several times larger than ours, it could not only destroy this separatist regime, but also cannot prevent the development of this separatist regime." On the contrary, "the separatist areas are expanding day by day, the agrarian revolution is deepening day by day, popular power is spreading day by day, and the Red Army and Red Guards are expanding day by day."Frontier has entered a new period of development. After the "big one" of the Boundary Party, Mao Zedong was lucky enough to have time for military struggles, and under the sponsorship of Yuan Wencai, he married He Zizhen in Maoping Xiangshan Nunnery. He Zizhen, formerly known as He Longan. In 1909, the season of fragrant osmanthus was born in a small teahouse called "Haitianchun" in Hechuan Town, Yongxin.The ancestral home lived in Huangzhuling Village, Yange Township, Yongxin.When He Zizhen was 4 years old, his father was implicated in a lawsuit and went bankrupt. Later, he opened a teahouse in Yongxin County to make ends meet.After He Zizhen became sensible, she didn't like the name "Longan". She wanted to be self-reliant, self-reliant, and self-respecting, so she changed her name to "Zizhen", also known as "Zizhen".After the outbreak of the Great Revolution, He Zizhen, along with his elder brother He Minxue, actively participated in the great struggle against imperialism and feudalism, thus showing his talents in the struggle, and served as the first secretary of the Youth League branch and the women's minister of the county party department in Yongxin County. In March 1927, the Yongxin County Committee of the Communist Party of China approved her as an official member of the Communist Party of China and appointed her as the Secretary of the Women's Committee of the County Committee.He Zizhen, his elder brother He Minxue, and his younger sister He Yi (Yinyuan) all became members of the Yongxin County Party Committee at that time, becoming the famous "Three He Family Brothers and Sisters".After the failure of the Great Revolution, He Zizhen joined the peasant self-defense army led by Wang Xingya and Yuan Wencai to participate in the battle to conquer Yongxin, then retreated to Maoping, Ninggang, insisted on "ambush", and became the first female soldier on Jinggang Mountain. In October 1927, Mao Zedong led the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants to Maoping, Ninggang.At the banquet where Yuan Wencai greeted Mao Zedong, Yuan Wencai invited Liu Zhen, He Minxue, He Zizhen, Long Chaoqing, Xiao Zinan, the "leaders" of Ninggang and Yongxin who persisted in the revolutionary struggle, to accompany them.During the meeting, Mao Zedong met He Zizhen.At this time, He Zizhen was already beautiful, mature and heroic. At the beginning of November, Mao Zedong held a meeting of heads of party organizations in Ninggang, Yongxin, and Lianhua counties in Maoping Xiangshan Nunnery, and He Zizhen attended the meeting.At this meeting, Mao Zedong's stalwart figure, rich knowledge, and superhuman courage left an unforgettable impression on He Zizhen. She admired and admired Mao Zedong very much.After the Xiangshan nunnery meeting, He Zizhen suffered from malaria from time to time and stayed in Maoping to recuperate.Mao Zedong also did not go to Chaling because of the unhealed foot injury caused by the march, but stayed in Maoping to recuperate from his injuries and engage in investigation and research work at the same time.In this way, they had the good fortune to meet again.When He Zizhen learned that Mao Zedong was conducting social investigations, he reported to Mao Zedong the situation of land occupation and class status in the Ninggang and Yongxin areas on the border.She spoke well-founded and clear words, and believed that in order to mobilize the masses, one must first win over the peasants, and to win over the peasants, one must first carry out the agrarian revolution.Her insights were greatly appreciated by Mao Zedong.It was only then that Mao Zedong discovered that He Zizhen was not only handsome and beautiful in appearance, but also very independent and handsome.After He Zizhen recovered, she assisted the local people in Maoping area to do mass work. In December, former Party Secretary Mao Zedong wanted to go to Chaling to investigate the defection of Chen Hao and others, but no one took care of the work of the former Party Committee.Therefore, Mao Zedong transferred He Zizhen to the former committee to work as the secretary of the former committee and Mao Zedong.According to Mao Zedong's instructions, she carefully collected newspapers, sorted them into categories, kept them as scrapbooks, and marked important places or drew thick lines for Mao Zedong's reference.He Zizhen's handwriting is also very neat, and Mao Zedong's manuscript is revised once, and she will copy it again. After the Fourth Army occupied Yongxin for the first time, Mao Zedong led the 31st regiment from Ninggang to Yongxin.In order to guide the agrarian revolution on the border, Mao Zedong decided to carry out a pilot project in the area around the pond in Xixiang, Yongxin, to explore the experience of the agrarian struggle.In order to assist Mao Zedong in his work, the Yongxin County Committee sent He Zizhen to accompany Mao Zedong to the pond.By the pond, He Zizhen and Mao Zedong traveled from village to household, held symposiums, conducted in-depth investigations of the Agrarian Revolution, and mastered a large amount of first-hand information. They stayed together by the pond for 40 days and fell in love with each other.One day, Mao Zedong took the initiative to tell her about his experience, family affairs and Yang Kaihui's disappearance.He Zizhen was moved by Mao Zedong's frankness, and felt: Mao Zedong ran around for the sake of revolution, left home and left the house, suffered hardships, and needed someone to take care of him.After the love affair between Mao Zedong and He Zizhen was discovered, the enthusiastic Yuan Wencai took advantage of the relaxed days after the "big one" in the border to match them and became Mao Zedong's matchmaker. One day in late May 1928, Yuan Wencai prepared several dishes and old Ninggang wine, bought some local products unique to the mountains, and organized a simple wedding ceremony for Mao Zedong and He Zizhen at Xiangshan nunnery in Maoping.That year, Mao Zedong was 35 years old and He Zizhen was 18 years old. When He Zizhen recalled this beautiful history of Jinggangshan in his later years, he said: "We finally joined together. There was no ceremony, and the enthusiastic Yuan Wencai cooked a few dishes, and everyone had a good time." From then on, "I served as Mao Zedong's life secretary and Confidential Secretary" and became Mao Zedong's close comrade-in-arms. From April 1928, when Zhu Mao joined forces, to January 1929 when the Fourth Red Army attacked southern Jiangxi, "in 7 months, a total of six congresses were held to represent the whole army."However, due to historical reasons, for such an important meeting, except for the brief description of the first congress in the "Report of the Jinggangshan Front Committee to the Central Committee", and the resolutions handed down from the sixth congress, the rest of the congresses There is no record of the time, place, and content of the convening, and it has become a blank in the research on the history of struggles in Jinggangshan.For this reason, when this book is revised and republished, we have conducted a serious research on this issue for the benefit of readers. The discussion was already made when the first congress met in Jinggangshan and the establishment of the Military Commission, so I won’t go into details here. After Zhu Mao joined forces at the Second Congress, it attracted the attention of the reactionary Kuomintang government.Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek hurriedly dispatched troops and generals in an attempt to kill this weak armed force in the cradle.Yang Ruxuan's troops in Jiangxi advanced towards Longyuankou, crossed Qixi Ridge, and directly invaded Ninggang, the center of the base.In the face of the enemy's invasion, the Fourth Army has just been reorganized. "It's unreasonable that the Xiangnan County Party Committee and the county government brought a large number of peasant troops to run together. Now there are 10,000 people here." ".Therefore, issues such as how to meet the enemy and how to organize the troops were severely placed in front of Zhu Mao and other military leaders.Success or failure depends on one shot, which is very important.Therefore, it is imperative to convene the second congress of the whole army party.Therefore, in late April, the "Second National Congress" was held in Long City, Ninggang.The content of the meeting should be: 1. Discuss how to meet the enemy and deploy a plan to meet the enemy; 2. Organize the troops and follow the decision of the Hunan Special Committee to reduce the establishment of the third division and nine regiments into three divisions, six regiments and one teaching brigade; 3. .Abolish the Political Department and improve the Soldiers Committee.The basis is: 1. He Changgong once recalled that there was an important meeting before the Battle of Wudoujiang.He said: "In May 1928, when the 81st Regiment of the enemy came from Suichuan, the division headquartered in Yongxin, and our Red Army happened to be in the area of ​​Longshi. After the deployment, we decided to march on the Wudou River, take the mountain in a detour, attack its flanks, and take the camera to occupy Yongxin." He Changgong: "Fragmented Memories of the Jinggangshan Struggle", interview materials, the original copy is stored in the Jinggangshan Division Memorial Hall.Xiao Ke, Xiong Shouqi and others also had similar memories.As for whether it is a "cadre meeting above the battalion" or the "Second National Congress" of the entire army, we think it is more likely to be the "Second National Congress".Because, He Changgong recalled, it was after the battle of Huang'ao that "in Nashan, Comrade Zhu De officially announced that I would be the party representative of the 28th regiment."It was also at this time that Xiong Shouqi "transferred from the Red Thirty-two Regiment, that is, the first company of Yuan Wang's troops, to the Red Twenty-eight Regiment, that is, the first battalion of Wang Erzhuo's regiment." Zeng Zhi also recalled that Cai Xiemin was in Wudoujiang After the battle, she was transferred to the 32nd regiment as a party representative, and she herself was transferred to work in the office of the party committee of the 32nd regiment.Song Renqiong also had the same memory.The change of cadres and personnel is obviously for the purpose of rectifying the troops.Mao Zedong also mentioned this rectification in his report to the Central Committee in Yongxin City on May 2.He wrote: "The discipline of the 10,000 people is too bad (except for some), and they are being rectified and becoming better and better." It just confirmed such a big move, and passed the top-level meeting, that is, the convening of the whole army congress. 2. Mao Zedong's letter to the Central Committee on May 2 reflected the major changes in the Fourth Army in late April.The third point of the letter describes the fighting situation at Wudoujiang, and there are words like "Now the 31st Regiment of the Maobu has also arrived from Ningkang", which shows that the troops were all in Ningkang at that time, and the deployment should be carried out in Ningkang .Point 5 of the letter stated: "The former Hunan Special Committee decided that the two divisions of Zhu and Mao would be combined into the Fourth Army, and that Zhu would be the commander of the army and Mao would be the party representative. The 11th Division and the agricultural army of counties in southern Hunan were organized into two divisions. Zhu served as the commander of the 10th Division, Wan Xi served as the party representative first, Mao served as the commander of the 11th Division (this was Zhang Ziqing, because he was injured and Mao was also on behalf of him), and He Tingying served as the party representative. The other teaching brigade, Chen Yi is the head of the brigade.” From this passage, it can be seen that after the meeting (to be exact, after the decision to form the third division and nine regiments) received a letter of instruction from the Hunan Special Committee, so the newly organized The troops were re-drawn according to the decision of the Shonan Special Committee.The nine regiments of the third division when they were about to join forces were downsized into the second division, six regiments and one teaching brigade.The two armies joined forces to form three divisions and nine regiments. This was reported in the "Report of the Jiangxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Central Committee" on May 13, 1928, "Report on the History and Status of the Zhu Mao Army" by Chen Yi on September 1, 1928, He Changgong's article "The Struggle in Jinggang Mountains and the Creation of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" published in "Red China" on August 1, 1933, and the slogan of the 12th Division and the 35th Regiment Headquarters preserved in the Octagonal Building in Maoping, I remember clear and direct.Why did Mao Zedong's report on May 2 appear in a different way just after a week?In fact, this reflects a change in the Fourth Army at the end of April.And such a major change must go through the Party Congress of the whole army. 3. Regarding the abolition of the Political Department.毛泽东在《井冈山前委对中央的报告》是这样记载的：“此间军队4月以前有政治部，因影响不好，方取消。”这正证明4月下旬四军军委有过重要会议议决，也是很多老同志回忆陈毅当过政治部主任的原因，同时也是为什么陈毅在毛泽东5月2日的信中成了教导大队长的最好诠释。 4.毛泽东5月2日的报告第4点亦证明有过会议及决定。文中说：“所以不直下吉安者，因对内对外都使深入的策略，以永新为中心而附近各县发起暴动，对内建立党（军队的），军队筹款做衣服，对外帮助地方发起工农暴动，建立工农政权分配土地。因此决定把打吉安的工夫来做这些事比较的有意义的多。”此处的“因此决定”属哪一层决定？我们认为在当时的条件下只有四军党的“二大”才能担负此任。这与该报告第7点关于“党则师委军委团委各支部开了党的训练班”的话联系起来，更说明4月下旬召开了全军党的“二大”，且对上述问题作了决定。 第三次代表大会。五斗江战斗的胜利，四军第一次占领了永新城。为了充分了发动群众，四军在永新进行了短距离的分兵。对我军的胜利“王均已吓得屁滚尿流，急调七师二十七团一部分及七师的二十一团，星夜开赴吉安增援，准备在吉安拼一死战”。敌二十七师师长杨如轩见援兵到来，迅即率兵返身向我革命军打来。此时永新境内尚未全面发动，硬打硬拼定然不行。于是，毛泽东、朱德将全部部队撤回根据地中心宁冈，等待良机，伺机歼敌。 可是，这时的江西省委却乐观地起来，给朱毛红军发来指示：“西南已到迫近总暴动的时期，党应以最大的力量创造这一割据局面，并与湘东南粤西北汇合一片……毛部应立即向宁冈、永新以南发展，以游击战争的方式帮助赣南群众斗争，马上汇合到赣南总暴动，解决七师夺取赣州。” 江西省委的信是4月25日写给中央的，从所引之语分析，肯定另向朱毛红军作了专门指示。这与5月2日毛泽东给中央的信中第12点中“现于吉安来信”，“前两日接吉安县委的信”的话联系起来，可以肯定是接到了这封指示信。此时，革命军在永新虽然筹到一笔款子，但时间短暂，各项工作尚未来得及开展。加上部队同时受到湖南省委和江西省委的领导，接到江西省委的指示，不执行不好，执行起来又脱离实际。这从毛泽东5月2日信中第4点“所以不直下吉安者……”及整个报告全都是要点式的语气分析，无疑是对4月25日江西省委指示的答复。同样，从信中要点式的写法看，也可以基本判定：毛泽东、朱德在接到江西省委的信后，作了简单的商议，鉴于敌人来势汹汹的原因，来不及在永新召集大会，于是由毛泽东将4月间的情况及以后的设想简要地向江西省委和中央写了一个回信，然后，将部队带回了宁冈。但是，到底如何执行江西省委的指示，布置今后的工作，仍是当时的一件大事。为此，5月上旬末部队回到宁冈后即召开了四军党的第三次代表大会。 对于“三大”的内容，从当时的形势和要求分析，应该是：1.讨论江西省委来信，确定迎敌方案：2.根据江西省委的指示，确定四军的奋斗目标；3.酝酿建立边界特委。依据是： 1.关于第一项内容，这可从毛泽东5月2日信中第4点“所以不直下吉安者……”一段话及高陇、草市坳战斗的史实得出。毛泽东在信中谈“不直接下吉安”乃是要“以永新为中心而附近各县发起暴动，对内建立党（军队的），军队筹款子做衣服，对外帮助地方发起工农暴动，建立工农政权分配土地”，可是，这一目标并未完成部队就撤回到了宁冈，继而（16日）部队去了湘东南，发生了高陇战斗，三十一团一营营长员一民牺牲，17日，朱德率二十八团前去救援，18日再战高陇，击溃湘敌一个团，随即向永新进发，19日，于草市坳歼敌七十九团，击毙敌团长刘安华，随后乘胜追击，第二次占领永新。短短几天中部队行动变化这么快，可见已是经过了高层会议作了新的部署。 对此，有一件敌伪资料可以佐证，那就是鲁涤平、何健在5月18日给吴尚的一则电文。电文云：“永新杨师长池生、杨师长如轩，铣（16日）电节称：据探报，宁冈有少数共匪，朱毛分驻砻市、大陇、茅坪一带，闻该匪会议决定，以一部攻酃县，以一部攻莲花、永新。”据此，既可看出5月上旬末部队曾回归宁冈，也可看出上述部署正是高陇、草市坳战斗的计划。其中说是“会议决定”，更证明部队在宁冈时曾开过一次高层次会议。 2.关于二、三点内容。对此，毛泽东在5月2日信中说：“（九）两省边界距离余县，两省省委历次管不到手，因同志的努力，党的组织活动都在天天发展中。但自从三月间周鲁同志（湘南特委代表）来宁冈取消前委后，顿失中心，各自为政，起不良之现象。去年12月前委会即有建议组织边界特委，湘省委及中央最好另派得力同志来做书记，事实上毛同志任军中工作很难兼职……（十二）……现于吉安来信之后，大家意思即把特委组织起来，你以为如何？听兄处明示。组织一定任（应为'要'字——引者注）组织，这以宁冈为中心罗霄山脉政权之建立，党之强有力，军力去造就实在湘赣两省之革命根据地之一，此理毛同志等业已累次呈明在案，由湘南特委转湖南省转中央，多久未见奉准驳明文，间从安源市委来信中偶有湖南省委已核准的话，但并非省委明示。前两日接吉安县委的信，又有江西省委亦已核定的话，并毛同志任书记的话，仍非省委明示。这怎办起来呢？又怕挨无味的骂。” 从上引的长长的一段话中，这二、三点的会议内容应该说是很清楚了。其一，创建以宁冈为中心的井冈山革命根据地（这是迄今保存下来的历史文献中毛泽东关于建立以宁冈为中心的根据地的最早记载），建立湘赣边特委两件事，均系极其重要的大事，毛泽东虽“累次呈明在案”，但未“见奉准驳明文”，仍不敢擅自做主，这样，毛泽东当需放在一定高层会议议决，而当时前委已取消，自然须军中党的代表大会了。其二，文中的“大家意思”，不正说明已经在一定程度和范围的会议上讨论了么？而这一定程度和范围的会议，按当时的环境与形势，也只有军中党的第三次代表大会了。 第四次代表大会。红四军经过五月中旬的草市坳战斗的胜利，并第二次占领永新城，江西敌人对井冈山革命根据地的第三次“进剿”即被打破。杨如轩、杨池生所部龟缩吉安，再也不敢轻举妄动，边界处于暂时稳定之际。 此时，边界的军事形势是很好的。但是，由于战斗的频繁和残酷，加之艰苦的条件，四军的许多薄弱环节也再次表露出来了。关键是党的组织。四军中的党组织，原来朱德部是比较好的，然而，在向井冈山退却中，“到耒阳、郴县后，湘南党由军队中调出一部分去了，加以这次退出湘南的忙乱中来不及整理，党的工作是不很好”。“这团的党的干部负责人不十分健全，加上兵士成分多叶部老兵与历次俘虏，下级军官干部一度犯了'机会主义'的毛病。同时因为作战能力强，便觉得是'所向无敌'的样子，并染了国民党军军官的习气，因此有党员的意志超过党的意志趋向”。毛泽东部“党的历史比较深，不过各级负责人尽是学生，有少数的小资产阶级的意识，强过了兵士的意识”。另外，“红军第四军中有一最不好的现象，就是分团主义，二十八团的枪支与三十一团的枪支是不平均的，屡次开会议决要平均，可是议决自议决，实际是行不通的……关于这个缺点，军中负责同志已经注意到了，正极谋纠正之。” 这些情况，在四军成立后，曾几经整顿，但由于战斗频繁，始终未达目的，从而严重地影响了四军的革命目标的实施。草市坳战斗及二占永新的胜利，打破了敌人的第三次“进剿”，也就有了时间和条件了。同时，因江西省委批准了建立湘赣边界特委的计划，同意在“5月21至22日召集各县代表大会”，故整顿军中的党及部署边界特委成立事宜，也就显得十分迫切并有着重要的意义了。对此，何长工在1933年8月1日刊载在《红色中华》的文章《井冈山斗争与中国工农红军的创造》中记载：当部队第二次占领永新后，“我军于拂晓前饱载而回归宁冈”。何长工为何说“饱载而回归”？毛泽东的一个报告为此作了解释：“最近有一次军事胜利，于5月歼杨如轩七十九团及二十七团一营工兵大炮队机关枪连，师部卫生队输送队打得落花流水，虏获颇多……夺获迫击炮台七尊，山炮两尊，光洋20余担。但敌精锐两团仍是在附近永新县城一带，不敢穷追。”从而可判定：19日红军二占永新后，连夜从永新撤回了宁冈。鉴于马上要召集边界党的第一次代表大会，于是，20日上午到茅坪后，即召集了四军党的第四次代表大会，讨论和解决两个问题：1.研究整理四军党的组织；2.讨论产生边界特委“一大”的候选人。依据是： 关于第一项内容。1.杜修经1928年6月15日《给中共湖南省委的报告》。其中云：“及敌人一次围剿（应是第三次进剿——引者注）的形势被他们击破后……再又竭力于存在部队的整理，算是有了头绪。”2.1928年农历四月二十九日（公历6月16日）毛泽东在茅坪代表湘赣边界特委《致省委转中央的信》。文中说：“军队中一部分下级军官军事投机的心理尚未除去，常想逃避斗争跑到赣南去，这已成为党内的一种奋斗，及特委成立用特委命令把他们勉强地制止。” 这两段话中，最值得注意的就是：“及敌人一次围剿的形势被他们击破后”，和“及特委成立”两句，击破敌人的第三次进剿是草市坳战斗，特委成立是5月21—22日，这就把时间锁定在20日了。这就是说明整理四军军中党组织及纠正部队的错误乃是四军党的“四大”的一项重要内容了。 对于第二点内容，从常规道理上讲，要马上召开边界“一大”，理当事先酝酿产生特委候选人，而当时只有军委，自然要通过这一形式才合理合法。有趣的是，目前保留下来的历史文献关于边界“一大”的内容，却记载前述国民党安化县清乡委员会卷宗56目录号3卷本中。经过详细研究后，我们认为这是一份候选人名单，证实边界党的“一大”确实经过此次军委代表大会产生。理由有二：（1）1928年农历四月二十九日（公历6月16日）毛泽东写给湘赣两省委转中央的信中的内容有诸多不同。安化材料载：“常委5人：毛泽东、宛希先、刘真、谭震林、谢桂标。候选委员4人：朱德、陈毅、刘辉霄、龙高桂。毛泽东为书记。宛希先为组织，刘真为宣传。”而毛泽东则记述：“宛希先、毛泽东为常委，朱德、陈毅、刘辉霄为候补常委，暂推毛为书记。”故认定是递交给边界“一大”的候选人名单。（2）安化材料说：“朱德任军委会书记”，但事实上毛泽东为书记，湘赣边界特委成立后，才改选陈毅为书记。这一事实在以后的毛泽东《井冈山前委向中央的报告》亦是如此记述。而且，朱德担任军委书记是在红四军党的“六大”。正说明四军党的“四大”提名朱德，最后边界“一大”会议上却选了陈毅。 如此分析过来，上面对红四军党的第四次代表大会的时间、地点、内容的推断是可以成立的。 第五次代表大会。1928年春后，湖南省委机关连续遭到敌人破坏，省委与各地关系一度中断。5月，中央派贺昌同志重建了湖南省委，恢复了与湘东、湘西、湘南等地的联系。同时，加强了对边界工作指导。新省委根据1927年10月后毛泽东的多次报告，专门研究了井冈山根据地与四军的建设问题，就建立罗霄山脉中段政权，深入土地革命等工作，作出了14项决议，并派杜修经携信前来并巡视边界。杜修经受命后，多次赴井冈山未果，成功到达边界已是5月下旬了。这时，边界已根据江西省委指示成立了边界特委。毛泽东接到杜修经带来的湖南省委来信，读后非常高兴，建议杜修经向军委传达。于是第二天在砻市召开了军委会。次日，毛泽东、朱德、陈毅陪同杜修经巡视了边界的后方设施。晚上返回茅坪后，又召开了一个“干部会议”。“这个会议，干部到了不少，会场好像是一个小礼堂的样子，会议期间，我传达了省委指示信的精神。” 对这个会，毛泽东在农历四月二十九日（公历6月16日）《致省委转中央的报告》中记载：“5月30日，此间召集军委扩大会，由杜同志报告政治情形并宣读省委来信，扩大会完全接受。”根据毛泽东的信及杜修经的回忆，结合四军党的“六大”《决议案》中关于“四军五次大会是本年五月在宁冈茅坪开的”记叙，可判定这次扩大会即是四军的第五次代表大会。 会议的内容是：（1）传达讨论湖南省委指示，制定边界特委和军委政策；（2）改选军委书记；（3）决定遣送三十、三十三团回湘南，撤销师的建制，军直辖团；（4）健全团委，将军中CP与CY合并。 第一项内容的依据是毛泽东6月16日的信。该信后半部分所写的9个问题，几乎全是针对湖南省委的14项决议所作的答复，时值杜修经巡视之际，可见系经会议作出的决议。同时，毛泽东在《井冈山前委给中央的报告》中讲到边界进入全盛时期的原因“就是边界党（地方的党和军中的党）的政策是正确的。”这七项正确政策的制定，必然要经过高层会议，而陈毅作为军委书记乃是特委成立之后的事，可见是在这次会议上制定的。改选陈毅为军委书记一事，毛泽东6月16日的信如此说：“军委成立，省委指定毛泽东为主席，此节似无必要。因此间地方工作需人尤其迫切，军委组织亦完善，书记为陈毅同志。”杜修经1928年6月15日的报告则记得更明晰：“第四军组织成立后，打破了敌人围剿的形势，得用力于党的整理，召集全军代表大会，成立军委。书记原为毛泽东同志，后因泽东任边界特委书记，即改选陈毅充当。”无疑是四军党的“五大”中的一项内容了。 至于第三项内容，毛泽东在6月16日给中央的信说：“此间系朱毛部及湘南农军而成，现在湘南农军已回去活动，原系师编制，后改为团取消师部组织军部直接指挥。”陈毅在1929年9月1日《关于朱毛军的历史及其状况的报告》中记载：“到了4月……成立红军第四军，以朱为军长，毛任党代表，改编为三师。率以因枪械及人数不足改编为二十八、二十九、三十、三十一、三十二、三十三，六团，取消师部由军部直接指挥。卒于5月底因给养困难，三十团、三十三团转回湘南。”当年曾任三十六团团长的李奇中在其《回忆湘南游击队》中亦说到：“5月底，三十、三十三、三十四、三十五、三十六这几团从江西的宁冈，经酃县的水口向湘南转移，到达资兴县边界的彭公庙，便决定兵分数路，各自回去。” 第四项内容在毛泽东6月16日的报告中亦有记载。他说：“军中CY组织，在过去湘南特委指示要成立，数月经验在工作中感到许多不便，在四军CY第二次大会决定合并，此次扩大会亦认为有合并的必要，不过这非局部所能解决，须省委作最后之决定，但此主张与取消派不同。”可见四军“五大”是讨论并决议了的。 以上是关于井冈山时期红四军党的二大至五大的初步考析。“二大至五大”的问题，长期以来因无文献资料记载，一直无人问津，成为一个悬案。这里所作的考证与分析，乃是一种学术上的探索，难保准确无误，仅作引