The Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base is China's first rural revolutionary base founded by Mao Zedong and other revolutionaries of the older generation leading the soldiers and civilians on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi.In the annals of Chinese revolution, Jinggangshan is known as "the cradle of Chinese revolution", Zhu De called it "the first mountain in the world", and Peng Zhen called it "the cornerstone of the People's Republic of China". The Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base is located in the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains at the junction of Jiangxi and Hunan provinces. The main body of the red area spans "six counties and one mountain", namely Ninggang, Yongxin, Lianhua, and Suichuan in Jiangxi, and Lingxian, Chaxian in Hunan. Lingninggang County has been merged into Jinggangshan City, and Ling County has been renamed Yanling City.and Jinggangshan.In its heyday, the Jinggangshan base area covered more than 7,200 square kilometers and had a population of more than 500,000. The separatist forces once expanded to a small part in Ji'an and Anfu.Wan'an, Taihe, Guidong, Zixing and other county frontiers are all the outer barriers of the base area.

The struggle in Jinggangshan represented a new direction for the Chinese revolution.The people's revolution led by the Communist Party of China marched towards victory along a unique path.This is the road to encircle the cities with the countryside and seize national power by armed forces—the Jinggangshan road. The Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base was opened up and formed after the failure of the Great Revolution, the Chinese Communists, the soldiers and civilians on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, and the Kuomintang reactionary forces opened up and formed. "Within a country, surrounded by white regimes, there is a small or several small areas of red regimes that have existed for a long time. This has never happened in any country in the world." Mao Zedong called it a "miracle".Here, let us examine and briefly describe the background and general situation of this "miracle" that "every country in the world has never seen before".

First, before Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops up the mountain, the revolutionary struggle on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi laid the foundation for the establishment of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base. From the perspective of the party-mass foundation, during the period of the Great Revolution, Ouyang Luo, Zhu Yiyue, Chen Zhengren, Long Chaoqing, Liu Zuoshu, Liu Yinsheng, Chen Shao, etc. spread Marxism in the border areas of Hunan and Jiangxi, established CCP organizations, launched peasant movements, and developed The revolutionary armed forces had more than 970 firearms in the six border counties, and seized power successively. After the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927, the revolutionary forces in the area were brutally suppressed by the Kuomintang gentry. "The local armed forces were only Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo with 60 bad guns each near Jinggangshan."However, the flames of the revolution were not extinguished. The Jiangxi Peasant Self-Defense Forces still stood on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi. They often haunted the vast mountains and forests of Maoping in Ninggang and Wujing in Suichuan, insisting on guerrilla struggles that rose and fell from time to time.From the perspective of geographical environment, the middle section of Luoxiao Mountains is an ideal place for armed separatism.Here are high mountains and dense forests, dangerous terrain, easy to defend and difficult to attack, convenient for stationing troops, rich in products, simple folk customs, and far away from central cities such as Nanchang, Changsha, Wuhan, etc., and the enemy is beyond reach. Revolutionary forces have opportunities to take advantage of, and there is room for maneuver freely.In short, this kind of good foundation of the party and the masses and the excellent geographical environment undoubtedly laid the objective foundation for the establishment of the revolutionary base "time, location, and harmony".Because of this, as soon as Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops up the mountain, he was optimistic about this "geom and water treasure land", made a decision, settled down and took root, in order to develop and grow.

Second, Mao Zedong's introduction of troops to Jinggang was the decisive condition for the establishment of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base. Work on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi began in October 1927.Before that, there was no basis to speak of.After the failure of the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, Mao Zedong judged the situation and made decisive decisions. He timely gave up his original plan to attack the central city of Changsha, and made the decision to "retreat to Pingxiang" in Wenjia City.From then on, the center of gravity of the Chinese revolution began a strategic shift from the city to the countryside. On September 25, 1927, the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants arrived at Lianhua in Jinggang Mountains. After learning the reliable information provided by the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, they decided to lead troops to Jinggang. Then they arrived in Yongxin and carried out the famous "Sanwan Reorganization". The troops were reborn. At the beginning of October, Mao Zedong convened an enlarged meeting of the former committee in the ancient city, and decided to establish a revolutionary base in the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains. Rear guard.In Maoping, the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants set up camp, recuperated, regained their strength, gained a firm foothold, and sent people to contact the rest of the Nanchang Uprising led by Zhu De to communicate information. At the end of October, after meeting with Wang Zuo, Mao Zedong led his troops to Ciping.In order to create a new situation of "armed separatism of workers and peasants", Mao Zedong and the former committee spent four full months from November of this year to February of the following year to restore and establish the party organization, mobilize the masses to carry out guerrilla riots and struggle for land division, At the same time, You Xuechen, He Changgong and others were sent to reform Yuan and Wang's troops with green forest habits, promulgated the "three major tasks" and "three major disciplines, and six attentions" of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, and established the Taoliao Red Army Clothes Factory. The grass forest market trade was resumed, and the three major battles were carefully organized and deployed, and the three counties of Chaling, Suichuan, and Ninggang were conquered, the red regime of the three counties was established, and the first "invasion" of the Jiangxi enemy was broken. As a result, the situation of "armed separatism of workers and peasants" on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi with Ninggang as the center was created.This marks the initial formation of the Jinggangshan revolutionary base.

Thirdly, the joining forces of the Zhu and Mao ministries in Jinggangshan brought the development of the Jinggangshan revolutionary base to its heyday. After the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base took shape, due to the interference of "Left" errors, the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army was transferred to southern Hunan. As a result, the border was occupied by the enemy for more than a month, which is known as the "March Failure" in history. In late April 1928, Zhu De and Chen Yi led the remaining troops of the Nanchang Uprising and more than 10,000 people from the Hunan Agricultural Army to Jinggangshan, and joined forces with the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops led by Mao Zedong in Long City, Ninggang. "The Red Army gathered in Jinggangshan, and the main force was formed here." (Zhu Deshi) The armed forces in the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area surged from more than 2,000 people to more than 10,000 people.After joining forces in Jinggangshan, the Fourth Army of the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants was established, and then the "1st Congress" of the border party was convened, and a border special committee with Mao Zedong as secretary was established to uniformly lead the Red Army on the Hunan-Jiangxi border and the agrarian revolutionary struggle in the base areas.The Border Special Committee, the Front Committee of the Fourth Red Army, and the Military Commission formulated seven correct policies for "creating political power in the middle of the Luo Xiao Mountains" based on the reality of the border separatist struggle. Mao Zedong and Zhu De also created "the enemy advances and we retreat; The sixteen-character tactic of "Fight when the enemy is tired, and pursue when the enemy retreats" guides the Red Army's guerrilla warfare.In May and June of that year, the Fourth Red Army, with less than 4 regiments, achieved major victories in the battles of Wudoujiang, Caoshi'ao and Longyuankou in the fight with eight or nine regiments, or even 18 regiments of the enemy. Victory, defeating the second, third, and fourth "suppression" of the Jiangxi enemy, the border entered its heyday.At this time, the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base included the three counties of Ninggang, Yongxin, and Lianhua, and extended to the north of Suichuan, the southeast of Ling County, the southwest of Chaling, and a small part each of Ji'an and Anfu.Just when Zhu Mao's Red Army was preparing to implement the "advance strategy", the Hunan Provincial Party Committee ignored the situation at the time and sent personnel to forcibly pull the main force of the Fourth Red Army to southern Hunan, resulting in the distressing "August failure".Fortunately, Mao Zedong welcomed back the Red Army Brigade and returned to Jinggangshan. The Fourth Red Army won the victory in the defense of Huangyangjie, and then won three battles and three victories, regaining the lost border. In October, at the "Second National Congress" of the Border Party, Mao Zedong summed up the experience and lessons of the "armed separatist regimes of workers and peasants" on the border, and creatively put forward the theory about the red regime.During this period, under the leadership of the party, the soldiers and civilians on the frontier relied on themselves and struggled hard. They established ordnance factories, mints, printing factories, red fairs and Xiaojing Red Army Hospital, etc., broke the enemy's economic blockade, and built Jinggangshan and Kowloon. There are two military bases on the mountain.On December 10 of that year, Peng Dehuai led more than 800 members of the Fifth Red Army up the mountain to join the Fourth Red Army.

Fourth, the heroic struggle of the military and civilians on the border in the later period supported the red flag of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base "never fell." In early January 1929, in order to break the "meeting suppression" of the enemy troops in Hunan and Jiangxi, the main force of the Red Army implemented the strategic policy of "surrounding Wei and saving Zhao". The 32nd Regiment of the Fourth Army was led by Peng Dehuai to stay at Jinggangshan.Due to the disparity in the strength of the enemy and ourselves, Jinggangshan fell in late January.Subsequently, under the leadership of the Special Border Committee, the Hunan-Jiangxi military and civilians changed their struggle methods, launched guerrilla warfare, developed local armed forces, restored the separatist areas, and created the Hunan-Jiangxi revolutionary base centered on Yongxin.At this time, the Fifth Red Army, at the request of the Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi Special Committee, drove to the border of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi for activities, and returned to the border of Hunan and Jiangxi in December. In January 1930, the Sixth Red Army and the General Headquarters of the Red Army in West Jiangxi were established. In February, under the influence of "Left" errors, Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo were mistakenly killed in Yongxin, causing a great tragedy in the base area. After the "February 7th" meeting, a new storm of agrarian revolution swept southwestern Jiangxi, and the border struggle entered a new period of development. In March, the Southwest Jiangxi Soviet Government was established. In July, the 20th Red Army, the main armed force in southwestern Jiangxi, was established.On October 4th of that year, the First Red Army, with the cooperation of the 20th Red Army and local armed forces, conquered the important town of Ji'an in one fell swoop, and the red areas in southwestern Jiangxi became one. The Jiangxi Provincial Soviet Government chaired by Zeng Shan was declared to be established.At this time, 34 counties in southwestern Jiangxi successively established red regimes. The Soviet forces had a vast area of ​​400 miles across and more than 4 million red people. "The red flag on the border has never fallen, which not only shows the strength of the Communist Party, but also shows the bankruptcy of the ruling class, which is of great significance in national politics."

The establishment of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base was the result of the collective struggle of the Chinese Communists and the Jinggangshan army and civilians, and it condensed the efforts and blood of the older generation of revolutionaries and countless revolutionary martyrs.However, it must be affirmed that Mao Zedong was the main founder of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base.Mao Zedong made the most outstanding contribution in the process of establishing the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base. Mao Zedong not only led the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops to open up the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area in practice, and creatively solved a series of major problems in the process of establishing and developing the base area, but also scientifically summarized the revolutionary experience of the Jinggangshan struggle in theory, and proposed The rudiment of the theory of encircling the city from the countryside and seizing power by armed forces with Chinese characteristics—the theory about the red regime.

Mao Zedong's contribution to revolutionary practice is mainly manifested in: First, Mao Zedong led Wenjiashi to retreat and ignited the "holy flame" of the struggle in Jinggangshan. The withdrawal of troops from Wenjia City is an important measure for the Chinese Communists to shift the focus of their work from the city to the countryside.At the critical moment when the autumn harvest riots were frustrated and the army was reduced from 5,000 to more than 1,000, Mao Zedong calmly made a decisive decision to "preserve strength and retreat to Pingxiang", completely abandoning the plan to attack Changsha and seize the central city. Thus opening up a new road of Chinese revolution from "leading troops to Jinggang" to "taking the village as the center".Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the Chinese revolutionaries took a crucial step with historical significance from Wenjiashi.

Second, Mao Zedong led the transformation of the "Yuan and Wang troops" and made the decision to establish a revolutionary base in Jinggangshan. Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo are reckless heroes entrenched in the Jinggangshan area, "sitting tigers" and "land snakes" of a green nature. Without their permission and support, it would be impossible for the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army to set up camp and take root in Jinggangshan.With his unique and superb wisdom and talent, Mao Zedong worked step by step from writing letters in Sanwan to donating guns from Da Cang, from settling down in Maoping to stationing in Ciping, from training troops in Buyun Mountain to editing in Dalongsheng, and he worked step by step. Treat each other with sincerity.In this regard, Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo not only readily accepted it, but were also impressed by it. Yuan Wencai repeatedly claimed that Mao Zedong was a "central talent".Because of this, the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops that had been "broken into an army" were able to recuperate and gain a firm foothold in Jinggangshan, and Mao Zedong made up his mind to establish a revolutionary base camp in Jinggangshan, the first Jinggangshan base.

Third, Mao Zedong led the establishment of the red regime in the three border counties, laying a solid foundation for the Jinggangshan revolutionary base. The revolutionary regime is the basis for the existence of base areas.Proceeding from the idea of ​​"political power grows out of the barrel of a gun", Mao Zedong has always paid great attention to the establishment and construction of a revolutionary political power in the process of armed separatism in the border areas of Hunan and Jiangxi.After confirming the decision to establish a regime in the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains with Ninggang as the center, Mao Zedong exerted great energy to lead the army and civilians in Jinggangshan to carry out guerrilla riots, carry out struggles for dividing land, develop the masses' armed forces, and overthrow the reactionary regime. On the basis of the victory in the battle, the red regimes in Chaling, Suichuan and Ninggang counties were established.The establishment of the red regime in the three counties marked the initial formation of the Jinggangshan revolutionary base.This was a major achievement achieved before the meeting of the Zhu and Mao armies in Jinggangshan, and it was pioneered by Mao Zedong alone.

Fourth, Mao Zedong creatively solved a series of major problems in the construction of the base area, ensuring the healthy development of the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area along the correct path. For example: In terms of party building, how to build a party in a rural environment where "branch meetings are almost simultaneously family meetings", and how to implement "proletarian ideological leadership" for "a party that is almost entirely composed of peasants"?In terms of army building, how to ensure the party's absolute leadership over the army, how to implement democracy, captive policy and revolutionary discipline in the army?In the construction of the political power, how to overcome the phenomenon of the party's "putting aside the political power organs" and give full play to the important role of the red political power in leading the masses?In the land struggle, how to divide the land and what kind of policy to divide the land?In the economic struggle, how to break the enemy's strict economic blockade, how to solve the "difficulty of food" and "shortage of salt" and other problems?In the relationship between the Red Army and the localities, how to solve the problem of "the party of the natives, the gun of the natives" in the disputes between the natives and the natives, and how to overcome "localism"?How to guide local forces to embark on a smooth road to revolution?On the way forward, how to correctly answer the question "how long has the red flag been fought"?etc.The problems that emerged in these separatist regime struggles are very difficult and need to be resolved urgently.Mao Zedong, with his extraordinary wisdom, based on the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism and proceeding from the actual conditions of the rural base areas, scientifically proposed and formulated a series of practical and effective guidelines, policies and measures to solve these problems satisfactorily and comprehensively. Reasonably resolved, thus creating a rich experience of "armed separatism of workers and peasants", so that the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base is located in the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains, standing majestically under the siege of the white regime. Mao Zedong's contribution to ideological theory is mainly manifested in: First, Mao Zedong put forward the idea of ​​"going up the mountain". After the failure of the Great Revolution and before he led troops to Jinggang, Mao Zedong proposed to the revolutionaries in Hunan after the "Ma-ri Incident" that "go up the mountain when you are on the mountain, and go down to the lake when you are near the lake."Soon, when presiding over the work of the National Peasant Association and formulating strategies and guidelines, the concept of "going up the mountain" was proposed several times.When participating in some important meetings of the central government, he emphasized that the peasant army should "go up the mountain", thinking: "Going up the mountain can form the basis of military power" and "even if you fail, you should go up the mountain instead of going to Guangdong." What are you doing "up the mountain"?Go up the mountain to "make friends in the green forest" and go up the mountain to be the "revolutionary king of the mountain".Mao Zedong was familiar with the allusions of many peasant leaders and green forest heroes in Chinese history who "occupied the mountain and became the king", so he naturally thought and borrowed the experience of the "king of the mountain" in history.However, Mao Zedong's thought of "going up the mountain" is completely different from the thought of "king of the mountain" in the past dynasties.The essence of Mao Zedong's "going up the mountain" thought is to shift the focus of the work of the Chinese Communists from the central cities where the enemy's ruling power is stronger to the rural mountainous areas where the enemy's ruling power is weaker.Going up the mountain is the only way for the Chinese revolution to go from low tide to rejuvenation and victory; going up the mountain is the basic thought of Mao Zedong's theory of encircling cities from the countryside and seizing power by armed forces. Second, Mao Zedong put forward the idea of ​​building a "military base camp". The military base camp is the fundamental center and core area of ​​the "armed separatist regime of workers and peasants".After the workers' and peasants' revolutionaries took to the mountains, they could not stand without their own military headquarters.In the practice of military activities carried out with Ninggang Maoping as the core area, Mao Zedong gradually realized and clearly stated: "Ninggang must be used as the base camp for three reasons: (1) This area is in the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains, and the terrain is excellent. It is easy to defend and difficult to attack; (2) The party here has changed from unorganized to organized, and the people are relatively well-established (the Red Guards and Red Guerrillas have been organized), so it is a pity to abandon it; (3) Southern Hunan and southern Jiangxi can only affect one The province does not only reach the upper reaches, it can affect the two provinces and reach the lower reaches.” Mao Zedong explained the reasons from the three aspects of Ninggang’s terrain, party-mass foundation, and affiliation influence, and thus insisted that “Luo Xiao with Ninggang as the center The middle section of the mountain range is most conducive to our military separatism."Mao Zedong's idea of ​​"taking Ningkang as his base camp" was the conclusion he reached after "traveling" the middle section of the Luoxiao Mountains, and it was the fundamental concept for the soldiers and civilians on the Hunan-Jiangxi border to insist on armed separatism.Leaving the base camp, the Red Army and the border will suffer, and the "August failure" is a profound lesson.It can be seen how important the idea of ​​"base camp" is in the border struggle. Third, Mao Zedong proposed the general concept of "armed separatism of workers and peasants". From going up the mountain - establishing a military base camp - to implementing the "armed separatism of workers and peasants", Mao Zedong's thoughts have been deepened step by step in the practice of Jinggangshan struggle. The idea of ​​"armed separatism of workers and peasants" is the general concept of the trinity of armed struggle, agrarian revolution, and base construction under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.As Mao Zedong pointed out, this line of "building political power in a planned way, deepening the agrarian revolution, and expanding the people's armed forces" is "undoubtedly correct."He also emphasized: "The idea of ​​'armed separatism of workers and peasants' is an important idea that the Communist Party and the masses of workers and peasants in the separatist areas must fully possess." The thought that Mao Zedong attached great importance to is the original and fundamental guiding ideology of Mao Zedong's creation of the theory of red regime. Fourth, Mao Zedong summarized and put forward the "Sixteen Character Jue" and other tactical principles and strategic ideas of the Red Army's operations. "Sixteen Characters" is a scientific summary of the experience of guerrilla struggle in the early days of the Red Army.As early as 1928, at the joint meeting of the Suichuan and Wan'an county committees, Mao Zedong proposed the "twelve-character secret formula" of "when the enemy advances, we retreat; when the enemy is stationed, we harass; when the enemy retreats, we pursue". Guerrilla warfare experience, in the "Letter from the Front Committee to the Central Committee" on April 5, 1929, for the first time completely put forward the principle of "when the enemy advances, we retreat; when the enemy is stationed, we harass; when the enemy is tired, we fight; when the enemy retreats, we pursue" "Sixteen-character tactics", and "divide the troops to mobilize the masses, and concentrate to deal with the enemy", "the separatist regime in a fixed area adopts a wave-like advancing policy, and the strong enemy follows a circle-like policy", "it must be opened at any time, It must be closed at any time. Open to win over the masses, close to deal with the enemy" and other tactical principles and strategic thinking of guerrilla warfare.Mao Zedong is the main founder and theoretical generalizer of a set of tactical principles such as the Red Army's "Sixteen-Character Jue". Fifth, Mao Zedong creatively put forward the theory about the red regime. The theory of red power is the prototype and cornerstone of Mao Zedong's great theory of encircling cities from the countryside and seizing power by armed forces.Mao Zedong used Marxist-Leninist theories about violent revolution and armed seizure of power, and according to the law of unbalanced economic and political development in semi-colonial and semi-feudal China, he scientifically demonstrated that the emergence, existence and development of the red regime in China were surrounded by the white regime. The objective conditions are: (1) China's local agricultural economy and the imperialist policy of division and exploitation that divide spheres of influence have created gaps in reactionary rule, giving opportunities for the revolution to take advantage of; (2) the impact of the first great revolution was The establishment of the red regime has laid a good mass foundation; (3) the forward development of the national revolutionary situation is an important reason for the long-term existence of the small red regime; (4) the existence of a regular Red Army of considerable strength is the basis for the existence of the red regime Necessary conditions; (5) The strength of the Communist Party organization and the correctness of its policies are "an important condition".Mao Zedong insisted that: "These red areas on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi will continue to develop, and they are getting closer to the acquisition of national power."It can be seen that during the Jinggangshan period, Mao Zedong really had the overall situation in mind and had a long-term vision. In Jinggangshan, he set his sights on the grand goal of "obtaining national power" in the future.Mao Zedong's theory on the red regime is the application and development of Marxism-Leninism, and it is an original theoretical contribution in the history of Chinese revolution.The symbol of the formation of this theory is Mao Zedong's "Why Can China's Red Regime Exist?" ", "The Struggle in Jinggangshan" and later "A single spark can start a prairie fire" three brilliant works came out. The establishment of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base was the result of the collective struggle of the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries such as Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Chen Yi, and the soldiers and civilians in Jinggangshan. However, no matter from the perspective of practice or theory, Mao Zedong was the one who made the greatest achievements. The Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base was the first rural revolutionary base in China established by the Communist Party of China under the leadership of the workers and peasants after the failure of the Great Revolution.The establishment of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base represented a new direction of the Chinese revolution, and its impact was significant and far-reaching. The Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base has an extremely important historical position in the history of Chinese revolution. First, the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base is a shining example of the strategic shift of the Chinese Communist Party's focus from the city to the countryside. Looking at the history of the first domestic revolutionary war of the Communist Party of China, from the Northern Expedition of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to the August 7th Conference of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Communists have always focused their work on the city.The Northern Expedition was fought from Guangzhou to Wuhan, and from Wuhan to Shanghai; the three armed uprisings by workers in Shanghai, and the recovery of the British Concessions in Hankou and Jiujiang were all in the central city; the leading organs of the CPC Central Committee were also stationed in Shanghai and Wuhan to direct their work.After Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei betrayed the revolution in Shanghai and Wuhan, can the Chinese Communist Party follow the path of "city-centered" like the October Revolution of the Soviet Union?Obviously, this path is no longer feasible.If the Chinese Communist Party continues to throw the little armed force it has in the hands of the city, and put all its eggs in one basket, to fight a decisive battle with the powerful army of Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang, it will be tantamount to hitting a stone with a pebble and killing itself.Mao Zedong, the first member of the Central Committee who went to the countryside after the August 7th Meeting, started from this changed situation and found a unique way to lead troops to Jinggang, opened up the rural revolutionary base area of ​​"armed separatism of workers and peasants", and transferred the party's work Only by introducing the correct track of "taking the village as the center" can the Chinese revolution turn from danger to safety, from failure to revival and victory. Second, the Jinggangshan revolutionary road is a great pioneering work combining the universal principles of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete reality of the Chinese revolution. Marxism-Leninism holds that the fundamental problem of the proletarian revolution is the seizure of power by force.But how to seize power, is it to "occupy the city first and then the countryside", or go the other way?This must be determined according to the different national conditions of each country.The Chinese Communists, represented by Mao Zedong, gradually realized the laws of the Chinese revolution from the bloody failure of the Great Revolution and the practice of the Jinggangshan struggle: the proletarian party must go deep into the countryside, mobilize the masses to carry out armed struggle, carry out the land revolution, and overthrow the white regime. Establish a red political power, turn the backward countryside into a powerful revolutionary base, and then move forward in waves, relying on the vast rural revolutionary base to oppose the vicious enemy who relies on the city to attack the countryside, and then encircle the city with the countryside, and finally seize the national power and National Revolutionary Victory.Practice has proved that this Chinese-style road of armed seizure of power has not only achieved complete victory in China, but also has universal significance for the people's revolution of oppressed nations and oppressed countries.The path of "surrounding the cities from the countryside and seizing power with armed forces" in the Chinese revolution has undoubtedly greatly enriched the theoretical treasury of Marxism-Leninism and is a great contribution to the international communist movement.And this new path of the Chinese revolution started and began to be created from Jinggangshan. Third, the theoretical generalization of Jinggangshan struggle experience is the cornerstone of the formation of Mao Zedong Thought. Mao Zedong Thought began to take shape in the late 1920s and early 1930s.This is the judgment in the Central Committee's "Resolution", which is based on time and space.Looking at the ground and air, this period was exactly the period when the Chinese Communists represented by Mao Zedong established revolutionary bases in Jinggangshan and the Central Soviet Area.During the Jinggangshan period, Mao Zedong summed up the rich experience of the Jinggangshan armed separatist struggle, and made a scientific summary in theory, and wrote "Why Can China's Red Regime Exist?" ", "The Struggle in Jinggang Mountains" and other brilliant documents, and later in the Central Soviet Area, he wrote important works such as "A Spark Can Start a Prairie Fire" and "Against Ownerism". policy principles.Such as: Mao Zedong's thoughts on "armed separatism of workers and peasants" put forward during the Jinggangshan period, thoughts on building a proletarian party in a rural environment, on the construction of the people's army and its combat principles, on the line, principles, and policies of the agrarian revolution, on rural Thoughts on the construction of revolutionary base areas, the construction of the red political power and its strategic guiding ideology, etc., are all products of the combination of Marxism-Leninism and the reality of China’s rural base areas, that is, the living Marxism in the early days of the Red Army. doctrine".Mao Zedong's brilliant thoughts and theoretical generalizations during the Jinggangshan period undoubtedly laid a solid and heavy foundation stone for the formation of Mao Zedong Thought.Therefore, it can be absolutely determined that the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base is an important birthplace of Mao Zedong Thought.By the time of the Central Soviet Area, the basic framework of Mao Zedong Thought began to take shape.The notable symbol of Mao Zedong Thought is the road theory that the countryside surrounds the city, and the original idea of ​​the road theory that the countryside surrounds the city - the theory of red regime, was created during the Jinggangshan period. As the first rural revolutionary base in China, the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base had a major impact on the bases across the country at that time.This effect is beyond time and space, as evidenced by history: As soon as the Jinggangshan base area and Zhu Mao's Red Army appeared, revolutionaries in some parts of the country paid great attention to it through the underground publications and documents of the Communist Party and the newspapers and periodicals of the Kuomintang.At that time, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, especially Zhou Enlai, who was in charge of the military work of the Central Committee, attached great importance to the experience of the Jinggangshan struggle and vigorously promoted it.In the Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi base areas, shortly after the Pingjiang Uprising, Peng Dehuai pointed out at the special committee meeting on the Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi border areas that the "revolutionary flag on Jinggangshan" is "the guiding light for the Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi border areas and other revolutionary base areas. Under its guidance, we have the prospect of victory", and Peng Dehuai later personally led the Fifth Red Army to Jinggangshan; He also called the Donggu Revolutionary Base "Dongjinggang"; in the western Fujian base, the Western Fujian Special Committee proposed in early December 1928 to "study Zhu Mao's Red Army's 'snowball' method to develop the Red Army and the red area", "especially should Pay attention to Zhu Mao’s experience in many wars and their actions”; in the western Hunan and Hubei base areas, the former committee based on the Central Committee’s statement that “in Zhu Mao’s army, the party organization is based on companies” and “this experience can be used as a reference for you.” Instructions from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, accepted the experience of the Jinggangshan struggle, established party organizations in the army, and strengthened the party's leadership over the army; ", drawing on the experience of guerrilla struggles in Jinggangshan, established and consolidated the Dabie Mountain military base; in the Dongjiang base area, because of insisting on "supporting Zhu Mao's correct path", the red areas "worked with Zhu Mao's Red Army's guerrillas and benefited their families" Get up"; in the left and right Jiangxi base areas, the Seventh Red Army put forward the slogans of "learning from Zhu Mao's Red Army" and "joining Zhu Mao's Red Army" very early on. Later, Deng Xiaoping personally led the Seventh Red Army to the Jiangxi Soviet Area; In the base areas, some leaders also realized that they should "like Comrade Mao Zedong, relying on Jinggang Mountains, engage in armed separatism and establish base areas", and so on.It can be seen from this that the experience of the Jinggangshan struggle was widely disseminated and had a great influence in various base areas across the country at that time. The great influence of the Jinggangshan revolutionary base is not only manifested in the guiding role of its revolutionary experience to the revolutionary bases across the country at that time, but also in the formation and development of the revolutionary spirit of the Chinese Communist Party and the influence of the revolutionary spirit of Jinggangshan on the Chinese new democratic revolution and socialist revolution. In terms of impact on construction and construction, this impact is more significant and far-reaching than the former. So, what is Jinggangshan spirit?What is the rich connotation of Jinggangshan spirit?How was the spirit of Jinggangshan inherited and developed during the period of China's new democratic revolution, socialist revolution and construction? The spirit of Jinggangshan is a proletarian revolutionary spirit built and nurtured by the Chinese Communists and countless revolutionary predecessors in the blood and fire of the revolutionary war years. It is a national spirit with original significance.It is the glorious embodiment of the excellent humanistic and moral spirit of the Chinese nation in the era of revolutionary wars, and the accumulation of the fine revolutionary traditions of the Communist Party of China that Mao Zedong and other revolutionaries of the older generation personally cultivated and advocated. The rich connotation of the Jinggangshan spirit generally has the following aspects: first, the spirit of seeking truth from facts and daring to break new ground; second, the spirit of firm belief and determination; third, the spirit of hard work and perseverance; fifth is the spirit of relying on the masses and being brave to win.The last chapter of this book discusses this in detail.In the rich connotation of the Jinggangshan spirit, daring to break new ground is the core, relying on the masses is the foundation, and firm belief is the soul.These three are complementary, integrated and inseparable. The spirit of Jinggangshan is the source of the revolutionary traditional spirit of the Communist Party of China.From the long history of modern Chinese revolution, it is not difficult to find that during the revolutionary war years, from Jinggangshan to Yan'an, and from Yan'an to Beijing, there was a torrent of revolutionary spirit and revolutionary tradition rolling and flowing.This torrent has a long history, and its source is undoubtedly the spirit of Jinggangshan.The spirit of Jinggangshan is the "source", and the spirit of the Soviet area, the spirit of the Long March, the spirit of Yan'an, the spirit of Xibaipo, etc. that emerged later are the "flow", which is essentially the inheritance, deepening and development of the spirit of Jinggangshan in the new war environment .In the period of socialist construction and the new period of reform and opening up, the spirit of Jinggangshan has also been inherited and developed.The well-known spirit of Daqing known for its hard work, the spirit of Lei Feng centered on selfless dedication, the spirit of the Asian Games characterized by tenacity and hard work, the spirit of spaceflight characterized by pioneering and innovation, etc., are all in line with the spirit of Jinggangshan.With the in-depth development of socialist spiritual civilization, Jinggangshan spirit will continue to produce new energy fission. Several generations of leading cores of the Communist Party of China have always attached great importance to and emphasized carrying forward the spirit of Jinggangshan.When Mao Zedong returned to Jinggangshan in May 1965, he said: "Don't lose the revolutionary spirit of Jinggangshan"; Deng Xiaoping visited Jinggangshan before his comeback in November 1972, and said: "The spirit of Jinggangshan is precious and should be carried forward"; When inspecting Jinggangshan in October, he said: "The victory of the Chinese revolution is inseparable from the Jinggangshan spirit. The implementation of reform and opening up and the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics also need to carry forward the Jinggangshan spirit." When Hu Jintao inspected Jiangxi in August 2003, he emphasized: "The great The Jinggangshan spirit reflects the fine traditions and style of our party. We must combine the development of the times, the changes in the party's historical position and historical tasks, and the new practice of reform and opening up and the development of a socialist market economy to vigorously carry forward the Jinggangshan spirit. Stand up and let it shine with new light under the conditions of the new era." The speeches of several generations of central leadership cores have made us realize more deeply: in the new period of reform and opening up, the spirit of Jinggangshan is still the spirit of our party. extremely important and valuable spiritual wealth.People will more and more clearly reach such a consensus: the spirit of Jinggangshan is the spiritual pillar that people must have to join the tide of the socialist market economy, the heirloom of our party and country's anti-corruption and honesty, and the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. The sharp weapon is also an important core of the "backbone spirit" of our Chinese nation.In short, the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics requires the spirit of Jinggangshan, and the new century is calling for the spirit of Jinggangshan.The spirit of Jinggangshan will shine forever!