Chapter 58 Lecture 62 Gyeonggi Garden

In the south of the Forbidden City, Nanyuan, 10 kilometers away from Yongding Gate, is also known as "Nanhaizi".Mongolia emphasizes nomadic animal husbandry, but still rides and shoots.After Kublai Khan moved to the Dingdu, he turned a large number of farmlands in the suburbs into pastures, and then gradually returned the pastures to the fields.Dismounting and flying to the mooring is still preserved, and Kublai Khan often came here to hunt.Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty expanded and built Nanhaizi, with a circumference of 60 kilometers, and its area is about three times the area of ​​Beijing.In the garden, flowers and trees compete for victory, and rare birds and animals multiply. There are four gates around the wall.The emperor of the later Ming Dynasty was more literary than martial arts, indulged in wine and sex, and Nanyuan declined.In Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty, bowing and horses were the foundation, hunting and martial arts were performed, and Nanyuan was expanded to 13 gates.There are ninety-four springs in the garden, rivers and streams, springs with clear water, dense forests, vast reeds, overgrown weeds, fragrant deer and elk, birds and rabbits, it is innumerable.Search in spring and hunt in winter every year, walk around and practice martial arts.During the siege, Haito drove the beasts, and the officers and soldiers rushed to shoot.The tiger is the king of beasts, and hunting tigers is the greatest pleasure for hunters. It can test a person's bravery, wisdom, physical fitness and skills. Therefore, the emperors who had accomplished things in the Qing Dynasty liked to shoot tigers.Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong are good examples.The Qing also set up a tiger gun battalion of 600 people. During the spring search in Nanyuan, they patrolled and hunted tigers. The twenty-eighth chapter of "Peng Gong Case", "Jie Sheng Drives Tigers and Becomes Famous", it is said that a tiger raised in Nanyuan escaped and threatened Emperor Kangxi who was riding a horse to hunt in Nanyuan. Huang Santai used darts to fight the tiger to rescue him and was awarded The story of the yellow jacket.

In the garden, there is Hangying Terrace (called "Yu Renyuan" in Yuan Dynasty and "Yingying Terrace" in Ming Dynasty), which is adjacent to Wuhaizi, and 72 bridges are built to help cross.The eagle drying platform is 19.2 meters high and 38.4 meters in diameter.The grand reading ceremony was held at the Hanging Terrace.During the grand parade, the emperor's Royal Airing Eagle Terrace, the eight banners are lined up on the left and right, and the eight banners are unified.After reading the exercises, the emperor returned to Yuanyu, released his armor, awarded rewards, and gave a banquet.Fifty tables are set up for each banner, and there are thousands of banquets for all twenty-four banners. The scale is spectacular.Emperor Kangxi visited Nanhaizi fifty-five times.Emperor Qianlong once received Kazakh, Brutt, Tashhan and other envoys here, set off fireworks and held a feast.Custom made in the early Qing Dynasty, Dayue at the age of three in one fell swoop, in the Nanyuan Eagle Terrace.Later, it was not limited to three years, and the land was not all in Nanyuan.After the middle period of Kangxi, the Mulan paddock and summer resort were built, and the number of Linxing Nanyuan gradually decreased.However, the Tuanhe River was dredged in the Qianlong Dynasty and the Tuanhe Palace was built, and the ruins still exist today.

The emperor hunts, both dry and water.The search for water in spring has existed since ancient times.In the first month of the third year of Guangshun (953), Guo Wei, Taizu of the Later Zhou Dynasty, was in the south garden of Xingcheng, near the water pavilion, "seeing the double mallards (fu, wild ducks) fighting for algae, playing on the surface of the pool, drawing their bows and shooting them one after another." . (Volume 44 of "Cefu Yuangui") Follow the officials and cheer for congratulations.In Nanjing (today's Beijing) of the Liao Dynasty, every spring, the Lord of the Liao Dynasty led a group of ministers and warriors to go to Yanfangdian in the southeast of Beijing to collect water.Dian has a radius of hundreds of miles, and geese and ducks flock in spring.When the Liao Emperor was fighting the water, the guards were dressed in dark green clothes, each holding a hammer, eagle food, thorn cone, etc., five or seven steps apart, and lined up by the water.The people in the limelight beat the drums, and the goose got a little out of the water after being frightened.Emperor Liao personally released Haidongqing and captured the flying geese.When the goose falls to the ground, the hunter rushes up, stabs the goose with an awl, grabs its brain, and feeds it to Haidongqing. "Whoever wins the head goose will be rewarded with silver silk." (Volume 40 of "History of Liao Geography") Emperor Jin also often "hunted in the southern suburbs".

The ancestor of the Qing emperor was good at fishing and hunting.Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong often went to Baiyangdian (called "Baiyang Lake" in Qing Dynasty), dismounted from horses and boarded boats, fished with nets and hunted birds.According to "Anxin County Chronicles": Emperor Kangxi visited Baiyangdian 46 times, of which 29 times were surrounded by water, or as many as 30 times (Liu Guilin's "Shuiwei of Kangxi and Qianlong in Qing Dynasty"); Emperor Qianlong also visited Baiyangdian 5 times, of which water was surrounded Surround 4 times.The Qing emperor took advantage of the surrounding water to observe the customs and customs, and personally experienced the farmhouses in the fields.Emperor Kangxi's poem said: "The light boat is ten miles and five miles, and the weeping willows are innumerable. Suddenly, when the farm song starts, the village is full of red apricots." (Xuan Ye's "Shuidian Miscellaneous Poems")

On the water surface of Baiyangdian Lake, the light is ethereal, stretching as far as the eye can see.Emperor Kangxi's "Baiyang Lake" described: "Looking at the Baiyang water in the distance, the sails are far away and the trees follow. The leveling waves do not move, and the lake is full of green colors." (Xuan Ye's "Baiyang Lake") Baiyangdian is divided into East Lake and West Lake. , there are twenty-one water enclosures that can be selected.Emperor Kangxi's waters were often located in the north of Renqiu, the west of Xiongxian County, and Zhaobeikou in the south of Anxin.Here, "the long embankment is connected to the rainbow, and the flying bridge is connected, which is the north-south thoroughfare". (Qianlong's "Hejian Fuzhi" Volume 3) On the vast blue waves, in the clear sky and water, there are hunting boats and flags fluttering.The emperor boarded the royal boat, and the water siege began immediately.Hunting officers and soldiers, sailing quietly in a boat, surrounded on all sides, thousands of waterfowl, frightened, flying and gathering, gathered above the boat.The signal is issued, all arrows are fired, the guns resonate, and the birds fall into the water.Once, Emperor Qianlong personally fired a musket, and got more than 50 waterfowl, and shot more than 20 with arrows (the first volume of Qianlong's "Renqiu County Chronicles").

Gyeonggi Royal Garden includes both Nanyuan Haizi in the southern suburbs and the "Three Mountains and Five Gardens" in the western suburbs.