Chapter 47 Second, the three national divisions

Guozijian Jijiu is the leader of Guozijian and a respected master of Chinese studies.There are very few corrupt officials and corrupt officials in Guozijian's sacrificial wine.They show the style of a generation of masters. Li Shimian (1374-1450), a native of Anfu, Jiangxi.His family was poor, and he read books when he was a child. In the cold weather, he was wrapped in a quilt, put his feet in a hot water bucket, and recited endlessly.He was a Jinshi in Yongle, and he was a student in the Imperial Academy.Li Shimian has a strong personality, great aspirations, and takes the world as his own responsibility, but he is facing great difficulties.

Yongle is in trouble.When Yongle went to the book, it violated the emperor's will, and the book was thrown on the ground, and it was read again after being retrieved, and most of it was adopted.Soon, he was slandered and imprisoned for more than a year.It's because of Li Shimian. Hong Xi is in a dilemma.Emperor Yongle died, Emperor Hongxi was established, and Li Shimian went to Shu.Emperor Hongxi was furious and summoned Li Shimian to the side hall, but Shimian answered unyieldingly.Emperor Hongxi ordered the warriors to throw Li Shimian down, beat him with gourds, broke three ribs, dragged him out of the hall, and was dying.Tomorrow, it will be changed to Jiaozhi Dao Yushi, and he will order a prisoner to be re-tried one day, and one important matter will be announced one day.Li Shimian made three memorials and was imprisoned again.Because of his kindness to someone from Jinyi Qianhu, the official secretly summoned a doctor to treat him and survived.It's Li Shimian's dilemma.

Xuande trilemma.Before his death, Emperor Hongxi said to Shangshu Xia Yuanji: "The Shimian court humiliated me." That night, the emperor died.After Emperor Xuande succeeded to the throne, when he heard that Li Shimian had offended the late emperor's father, he was furious, and ordered an emissary: ​​"Since I was bound, I will kill him personally." I will kill him!) After a while, he ordered Commander Wang: "I don't see him, arrest him immediately and kill him in the West Market!" Coincidentally, Commander Wang left from the west gate, and the former envoy bound Li Shimian to enter from the east gate, but they did not meet each other.Emperor Xuande saw Li Shimian from afar, and scolded: "Your young minister dare to touch the late emperor! What are you saying? It's interesting." (What have you said, tell me quickly.) Li Shimian kowtowed and said: " The minister said that the first emperor should not be close to his concubines, and the crown prince should not be far away." After hearing this, Emperor Xuande calmed down a little.Ling Quan said, and replied: "I am afraid that I can't remember it all." He asked again, "Where is the grass?" Make an order to pardon, and the official will return to his original post.When Commander Wang came back, he saw Li Shimian standing in front of the hall neatly crowned and belted.It's Li Shimian's three difficulties.

Orthodox four difficulties.Later, Li Shimian participated in the compilation of "Records of Ming Chengzu" and completed it, and moved to serve as a bachelor.Emperor Xuande went to the History Museum and distributed money to the scholars.All the scholars bent down to pick it up, but Li Shimian stood upright and unyielding.Emperor Xuande took out the remaining money and gave it to him.Later, he compiled the "Records of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty" and was promoted to a cabinet bachelor, and also served as a lecturer for Jingyan.In the sixth year of Zhengtong (1441), he offered sacrifices to Guozijian.When the eunuch Wang Zhen was ordered to go to the Guozijian, Li Shimian did not flatter Wang Zhen when he offered wine.Wang Zhen held a grudge in his heart and waited for an opportunity to retaliate.A small incident was exploited by Wang Zhen: the side branches of the trees in front of Yilun Hall drooped, hindering teachers and students from walking, so he ordered them to be trimmed.Wang Zhen took this opportunity to go online and falsely said: Li Shimian cut down official trees and entered the house without authorization.He sent Jin Yiwei to Guozijian, when Shi Mian was reading the examination papers of the students, he was taken to the courtyard, and displayed in front of the teachers and students, wearing a shackle.It was the scorching heat, and I wore the shackles for three days, which was terribly tormented.More than a thousand students knelt in front of the palace to petition - "all the students gathered at the gate of the court, and their voices shook the palace".Li Ji, a teaching assistant, was grateful for Shi Mian's old kindness, and invited Sun Zhong, the empress dowager's father, who in turn asked the empress dowager, who told the emperor, and Shi Mian was released.It's because of Li Shimian's four difficulties.

In the ninth year of Zhengtong (1444), the Emperor Zhengtong went to the Imperial Academy to monitor and study.Li Shimian's lectures on "Shangshu" were clear and bright, with a grand air, and the emperor was very happy.After three consecutive years, Fang Yun retired.Three thousand courtiers, teachers and students of Guozijian, had a farewell party for sacrificial wine outside the gate of the capital.Some are sent far away, and Zhou Fa only goes there. In the first year of Jingtai (1450), Li Shimian died of illness at the age of seventy-seven.Li Shimian encountered four difficulties throughout his life, lived through five dynasties, and sacrificed wine for six years. He was strictly trained, his style of study was upright, he was supervised to study, the lights were bright, and his chanting was endless.He educates students: respect honesty and integrity, honor integrity and shame, suppress running (running relationship), don't be good or bad.Cultivate a group of outstanding talents.Poor students who cannot be married and buried, he saves meal money and gives subsidies.Li Shimian was respected during his lifetime——British Duke Zhang Fu and prince Bo Zuo invited him to listen to the speech in the son of the country.At that time, Mian was promoted to the teacher's seat, and all the students stood up next to each other, teaching one chapter of the "Five Classics".After the lecture, when the banquet was held, the princes thanked him and said: "In the place where you are taught, all the students should sit in a row." Take your seat as a student.The poem "Deer Crying" of Zhu Sheng's song, the guest and the host are Yongyong, and they will disperse at dusk.Li Shimian was praised after his death: "There is nothing like Shimian who regards straightness and high expectations as a scholar." ("History of Ming Dynasty Li Shimian" Volume 163)

Xu Yuanmeng (1655-1741), with a long character, Shu Mulu, was born in Zhengbai Banner, Manchuria.In the twelfth year of Kangxi (1673), he became a Jinshi, and at the age of nineteen, he was changed to a scholar, and later served as an official of daily life.Xu Yuanmeng has a negative reputation for his lectures, and the scholar Mingzhu wanted to win over him, but he never entered the door of the power minister Mingzhu.His good friend De Gele also refuses Mingzhu's offer of clothes.Although Xu Yuanmeng did not serve as the Imperial Academy's sacrificial wine, he was a bachelor in charge of the Imperial Academy, a great Confucian of his generation, and suffered three ups and downs.

One big bump.In the summer of the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi (1687), Emperor Kangxi called Chen Tingjing, Tang Bin, Xu Qianxue, Geng Jie, Gao Shiqi, De Gele and Xu Yuanmeng to take part in the examination, entitled "On the Authenticity of Neo Confucianism".As soon as the draft was drafted, a decree was issued to accuse De Gele and Xu Yuanmeng.De Gele defended after the essay, Xu Yuan's dream volume was not finished.After Emperor Kangxi finished reading the papers, he ordered the same examiners to review each other, and Tang Bin, the prince's master, still praised Xu Yuanmeng's articles as good.Soon Xu Yuanmeng was ordered to teach the princes to study.

Two big ups and downs.In the autumn of the same year, Emperor Kangxi visited Yingtai and taught the princes how to shoot arrows.Because Xu Yuanmeng could not bend a strong bow, Emperor Kangxi was unhappy and condemned Xu Yuanmeng.Xu Yuanmeng argued, and Emperor Kangxi was even more angry, and ordered to throw down his staff. The trauma was serious, and he lived in his family and guarded his parents.That night, Emperor Kangxi lost his anger and sent an imperial doctor to treat his wounds.The next day, Ming Yuanmeng taught the princes to read as usual.Xu Yuanmeng asked for the pardon of his parents, but his parents were already on the way to send the garrison, so they sent officials to chase them back.

Three ups and downs.In the winter of the same year, Kulena, the academician in charge of the Imperial Academy, impeached Degele, an official commentator on daily life, and privately wiped "Daily Notes". (Volume 282 of "Manuscripts of Qing History Degele Biography") In the spring of the twenty-seventh year (1688), when he was in prison, he planned to behead Degele, and Xu Yuan's dream was twisted.Emperor Kangxi ordered Xu Yuanmeng to be spared from death, and the school (wearing a flail) in March, with a hundred whips, entered the treasury of Xinzhe (servants, or family members of sinners).

According to Emperor Kangxi's investigation, Xu Yuanmeng was very loyal.In the thirty-second year of Kangxi (1693), he was ordered to go straight to the study and still teach the princes to study.Xu Yuanmeng has rich knowledge and excellent moral character.In the 50th year of Kangxi (1711), Emperor Kangxi ordered: "Xu Yuanmeng's translation is incapable of surpassing it today." His Manchu and Manchu should be the highest level after the Qing Dynasty established its capital in Beijing.In the following year, he served as the examiner of the examination.In the fifty-second year of Kangxi (1713), he was promoted to a cabinet bachelor (deputy ministerial level) and returned to the original banner.The following year, he served as governor of Zhejiang.Before leaving, he was given "Imperial Poetry and Prose Collection" and a pommel horse.During his tenure, he sparsely requested disaster relief and postponed the collection of taxes.Wansongling Academy was also restored, and Emperor Kangxi bestowed the list of "Zheshui Fuwen" because of its name Fuwen Academy.In the fifty-sixth year of Kangxi (1717), he served as the censor of Zuodu and the bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, and later served as the Minister of the Ministry of Industry.In the 60th year of Kangxi (1721), Emperor Kangxi gave a poem to Xu Yuanmeng during his illness. There is no one who is a Jinshi. The rates are the same, so as to relieve the boredom." The poem said: "The seventies are pitiful to each other, and they are full of regret when they are sick. The spirit of the young and the young is exhausted, and the old age is pushed away. Often nostalgic Studying poor classics and history, I would like to make a compendium in my spare time. I don’t know where the poetry flourishes, but I find it difficult to complete the rhyme.” Emperor Yongzheng ascended the throne, and Xu Yuanmeng went straight to the study to teach the princes to read.In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Xu Yuanmeng was a bachelor and the president of the history of the Ming Dynasty. He won the post twice.

Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, and Xu Yuanmeng and Ertai compiled the "General Genealogy of the Manchurian Clans under the Eight Banners".Soon, he begged for a rest, ordered him to be relieved of his position as a servant, and took the salary of a minister to lead the compilation of books in various libraries.Although Xu Yuanmeng was over eighty years old, he was still working.In the autumn of the sixth year of Qianlong (1741), he became ill and sent an imperial doctor to see him.In November, when he was seriously ill, Emperor Qianlong issued an order: "Xu Yuanmeng, the minister, is of good character, rich in knowledge, faithful in practice, and consistent with his words and deeds. He has lived through three dynasties, restricted access, and is cautious. For decades, it is called the end." People, you can be ashamed." ("Imperial Eight Banners General Annals", Volume 160) was critically ill, and Emperor Qianlong sent an envoy to ask if he had anything to say.Xu Yuanmeng leaned on his pillow and said, "I have received great kindness, and I can't say what I want!" He resorted to it and called his great-grandson to examine it for a long time.He died the next day at the age of eighty-seven. (Volume 289 of Xu Yuanmeng Zhuan, Draft History of the Qing Dynasty) His grandson, Shu Hede, was a scholar of the Imperial Martial Arts Hall, and he was known as Ziguang Pavilion with his military achievements. "Drafts of Qing History" commented: "Zhu Shi respects virtue, Xu Yuanmeng respects loyalty. Emperor Shizong condemned Yunyu and Yunyu, and Xu Yuanmeng said: 'The two should be punished for their crimes, and the brotherhood of Yuanshang read to slow down their death.' Two After the person died, the officials discussed enslaving his son. Shi said: "The two sons are really holy grandparents, who dares to slave them?" Shizong was moved. Forgive me, the ancient ministers are not wrong. It's almost there!" Wang Yirong (1845-1900), a native of Fushan (now Yantai, Shandong).Ancestral governor, father Daotai, less intelligent, hardworking.In the sixth year of Guangxu (1880), he was a Jinshi, and later became the Imperial Academy, Zhinan Study.Since the First Sino-Japanese War, Weihai was occupied by Japan, Rongcheng fell again, and Dengzhou was hit by a big earthquake. Wang Yirong asked him to return to the Lianxiang regiment.The agreement was reached, and he returned to Beijing for the sacrificial wine.He served three times for a total of seven years. Guozijian offered sacrifices to the wine king Yirong, and his knowledge and character will be remembered forever by future generations. First, knowledge.Wang Yirong is extensively involved in the history of books, and has a passion for gold and stone. He "has a fondness for ancient Yi wares, steles, and pictures". It took 19 years to write "Han Shi Cunmu", "Stone Cunmu of the Southern and Northern Dynasties", and "Tianrange Collection of Utensils" and other books, becoming a famous epigraphist.He "doesn't ask his family for production on weekdays, but when he buys calligraphy, painting and ancient utensils, he doesn't count the quality of the clothes."Not only did he almost spend all his salary, but he even used his wife's dowry to pawn the money to buy cultural relics.He wrote a poem: "Twenty years of indifference and desolation, good ancient times have become the most powerful magic. Longfu Temple returns to Kuake at night, and Haiwang Village warms the sky. It has always been filial piety to raise ambitions. Since ancient times, the family is not money. Mobi Fornication is my disease, and other people don’t laugh about it, but I’m insane.” Wang Yirong’s major contribution is that he was the first to discover oracle bone inscriptions.In the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), he first discovered inscriptions on oracle bone inscriptions in the "keel" of traditional Chinese medicine, and concluded that they were ancient characters. He was the first oracle bone writer in my country. Second, character.In the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu (1900), the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded and served as the minister of regiment training.Wang Yirong said in front of him: "The boxers should not be relied on, and the merchants and the people should be prepared for defense." Current events are no longer possible.In July, the Eight-Power Allied Forces attacked Dongbianmen. Wang Yirong led a brave resistance and was invincible.When I went home, I said, "I can't live with my righteousness!" The family members knelt and wept to persuade them, but they were determined to die.He died before taking the medicine, and wrote "Jue Ming Ci" on the wall: "The master worries about the humiliation of his ministers, and the master humiliates his ministers to death." Throwing a pen and throwing a well to die.His wife, Xie, was equally martyred.Tai students donated money to bury it. (Volume 468 of "Manuscripts of Qing Dynasty History of Wang Yirong") Wang Yirong committed suicide and died for the country, sacrificing his life for benevolence, which embodies the noble character of scholars.