Chapter 21 3. Xichun Garden

Prince Cheng's Mansion not only has the old mansion and the new mansion, but also has a garden in the suburbs - Xichun Garden. Emperor Kangxi built Changchun Garden in the western suburbs of Beijing. There are private gardens for princes and ministers nearby, such as the Yuanmingyuan of Prince Yong and the Xichun Garden of Prince Cheng.Xichun Garden is a gift garden given by Emperor Kangxi to Prince Cheng Yunzhi. It is located in the northeast of Changchun Garden and southwest of Yuanmingyuan, and is now in Tsinghua University. The "Complete Translation of Manchu Zhu Pi Zou Zhe in Kangxi Dynasty" recorded this incident.Yunzhi asked to designate the building site. The memorial was written on March 20th in the forty-sixth year of Kangxi (1707): "I would like to report to you: "It was stolen on the 18th day of the first month of this year. Please build houses around Changchun Garden." , the imperial father granted Beixin Garden Yidong vacant land, and ordered ministers to build houses." Chen Menglei's "Inscription on Yong'en Temple" also corroborates: first it was the winter of Dinghai (the forty-sixth year of Kangxi), and the spring was smooth with the scorpion, so The villa is located in the northeast of Changchun.

Qing history records: "In March of the forty-sixth year of Kangxi (1707), we greeted Xingqi's mansion garden and served a banquet." (Volume 220 of "Manuscripts of Qing History Six Kings") Emperor Kangxi visited Xichun Garden of Prince Xingcheng 10 times and Yuanmingyuan of Prince Yong Yinzhen 5 times.In the last 10 years, Emperor Kangxi held his birthday in Ciyuan for 9 years, including 7 years in Xichun Garden and 2 years in Yuanmingyuan.In the Summer Resort, Emperor Kangxi went to the Shizigou Garden in Yunzhi 10 times to have a banquet in Xichun Garden. April Yimao (the third day) in the fifty-first year, Bingxu (the ninth day) in March the fifty-two year of Kangxi, Jiayin (the thirteenth day) in March the fifty-third year of Kangxi, and March in the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi Gengxu (fourteenth day), Jiachen (thirteenth day) in March fifty-five years of Kangxi, Wuchen (thirteenth day) in March fifty-sixth year of Kangxi (thirteenth day), Yiyou (twelfth day) in March fifty-eighth year of Kangxi ), March Guiyou (12th) in the 60th year of Kangxi. The emperor’s visit to Ziyuan Garden is the day when all the princes perform colorful dances in mottled clothes, and celebrate their birthdays.” Emperor Kangxi visited the Shizigou Yunzhi Garden of the Summer Resort 10 times to celebrate and have banquets. The time is: the 52nd year of Kangxi Jimao in June (fourth day of the first month), Renzi in May (twelfth day) in fifty-three years of Kangxi, Yihai in June in fifty-fourth year of Kangxi (eleventh day), Jimao in May in fifty-five years of Kangxi ( On the 20th), Dinghai in June of the fifty-sixth year of Kangxi (the fourth day of the first day), Guisi (the sixteenth day) in June of the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi, Gengyin (the eighteenth day) in May of the fifty-eighth year of Kangxi, and the fifth day of Kangxi Jihai in June of the 19th year (the fourth day of the first day), Wuzi (the 29th day) in June in the 60th year of Kangxi, Renyin in May of the 61st year of Kangxi (18th day), 7 times to the lion of Yinzhen Lin Huayuan, it can be seen that in his later years, Emperor Kangxi liked the elder third son Yunzhi and the fourth son Yinzhen more, and he was closer to the third son Yunzhi than the fourth son Yinzhen.

On the ninth day of March in the fifty-second year of Kangxi (1713), Yunzhi held a 60th birthday banquet for the emperor's father in Xichun Garden.Four days later, Emperor Kangxi visited Xichun Garden again, which is really rare.The birthday banquet should be held in the front hall of the I-shaped hall, which is the deepest and largest in the garden, and the performance is on the north stage of the I-shaped hall (now the site of "Shuimu Tsinghua University").Scholars infer that Emperor Kangxi inscribed the plaque "Xichun" on his birthday and named it Xichun Garden.From the gift list of Emperor Kangxi's 60th birthday Yunzhi, it can be seen that he was proficient in cultural appreciation.The list of rites includes: Birthday Poems (written by Song Mifu), Antarctic Old Man Xing Fu (written by Song Mifu), Tianbao Jiuru Pian (written by Song Gaozong, illustrated by Zhao Qianli), Lulu Guanjian, Tongdian Detailed Festival (Song Edition), Longevity Nine Dragons Stamps, Four Treasures of Wanshou Study (Shiquge tile inkstone, Yuguan pen, Wanli kiln pen, Agate Shuisheng, Wanli Eight Treasures Pen Holder), Longevity Picture (painted by Wu Wei in Ming Dynasty), Longevity Picture (painted by Li Xiaoxian in Song Dynasty), etc.It can be seen that Prince Cheng Yunzhi lived a wealthy princely life in the old mansion official garden and Xichun garden in the western suburbs.He once served the emperor's father, Emperor Kangxi, with the affection of a filial son, so that his father could enjoy more family happiness.

Because of Yunzhi, Xichun Garden is inextricably linked with Chen Menglei, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty.In the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi (1699), Chen Menglei entered the inner garden to serve Prince Cheng Yunzhi to study.The two have since formed an indissoluble bond.In the previous article "Wu Ying Xiu Shu", Chen Menglei was introduced, and here is a little supplement.In his later years, Chen Menglei, together with Yunzhi, edited "The Collection of Ancient and Modern Books".In Xichun Garden, a library of ancient and modern books was built, and a residence was built for Chen Menglei.

After the manuscripts were submitted in the fifty-fifth year of Kangxi (1716), Emperor Kangxi ordered the establishment of the "Integrated Library of Ancient and Modern Books", with Chen Menglei as the president.In the Qing Dynasty, Huang Ren's poem titled "Compilation and Revision of the Integration Hall" said: "Zangzhu Mansion is connected to Daluotian, holding the bamboo tree and holding the lead, each standing side by side. It is no different from the repairing of the Lanting Pavilion. A group of sages will gather together in the year of Yonghe." This is where Chen Menglei wrote his book. Place.According to Jiang Tingxi, when Chen Menglei was convicted after the death of Emperor Kangxi, there were 80 book repairers in the library.Among them, Chen Menglei, his father and son and those implicated by them were all 16 people, all of whom were purged, deported back to their hometowns, or sent to garrison.Some scholars believe that "The Collection of Ancient and Modern Books" was not printed in the Hall of Wuying, but in the Collection of Ancient and Modern Books, and they believe that the bronze movable type of the Hall of Wuying was cast by Chen Menglei. (Miao Ri's new book "Xichun Garden · Tsinghua Garden Research-Three Hundred Years of Memories of Tsinghua Garden" [Updated Edition]) This is a new opinion in the academic circle.

Chen Menglei Song Heshan House On December 19th in the forty-three years of Kangxi (1704), Emperor Kangxi personally wrote a couplet "Pines are high, branches and leaves are luxuriant, cranes are old and feathers are new" and presented to Chen Menglei to show his evaluation and praise for Chen Menglei.Chen Menglei named the house in Xichun Garden "Songhe Mountain House" with the words "pine" and "crane" in the couplet, and also called himself "Songhe Old Man".He also compiled "Songhe Shanfang Anthology" (twenty volumes) and "Songhe Shanfang Poetry Collection" (nine volumes), and his pen and ink have been handed down to the present day.

Songhe Mountain House is located in the east of Xichun Garden. It is a small two-story building with three rooms on the upper and lower floors. There are two hectares of fields on the west side, which are cultivated by Chen Menglei.Preface to Chen Menglei's "Twelve Views of Water Village": "My Royal Highness bought it and ordered him to live in it for the rest of the year. He gave him two hectares of fields in the west of the river to fulfill the wish of the farm. Continuing to build three couplets in the Douge, consecrated in the morning and evening, ordered There are more than 3,000 "compilations" written in the book room. There are three couplets in the lower study room."

From Xichun Garden to Tsinghua Garden at the end of Kangxi and the beginning of Yongzheng, Prince Cheng Yunzhi and Chen Menglei were involved in the whirlpool of succession politics.In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), the "Integrated Library of Ancient and Modern Books" was handed over to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.Later, Chen Menglei was exiled to Bukui (now Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province) and died as a guest.In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), Yunzhi was convicted, and the eastern part of Xichun Garden was also taken over by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.Some scholars have verified that Emperor Yongzheng bestowed the Xichun Garden to Yunlu, the sixteenth son of Emperor Kangxi and Prince Zhuang.When Emperor Yongzheng convicted Yunzhi, one of the charges was "Prince Zhuang privately said that the person in the East Palace is either me or you", which should be a secret that Yunlu told Emperor Yongzheng.During the Qianlong period, it was once renamed "Yunjin Garden".During the Daoguang period, it was divided into east and west gardens, the east garden was called "Hande", and the west garden was called "Chunze".During the Xianfeng period, the East Garden was renamed "Tsinghua" and the West Garden was renamed "Jinchun".The first owner of Tsinghua Garden was Yi, who wrote the plaque "Tsinghua Garden" by Emperor Xianfeng.In the first year of Xuantong (1909), Tsinghua Garden was granted a reward, and the Youmei Study Hall was built.On March 11, the third year of Xuantong (1911), the name of Tsinghua School was approved by imperial edict.The three characters "Tsinghua Garden" on the second gate of Tsinghua University today are inscribed by Natong, a scholar of the university.The remains of Tsinghua University include the gate of Xichun Garden, where Emperor Kangxi wrote "Zhu Shan Zhai", which was originally located at the gate and is now the principal's office.The I-shaped hall still exists, and the "Fangtang" is now the lotus pond.Mr. Zhu Ziqing's masterpiece "Moonlight in the Lotus Pond" made this lotus pond famous all over the world.Emperor Kangxi's imperial pen "Xichun" was originally located in the front hall of the Gongzi Hall, and it is the same today.Emperor Kangxi's imperial pen "Zhuxuan", originally located in the Xuantang on the west side of the I-shaped hall, is now the main room on the west side of the I-shaped hall.

The old mansion, new mansion and garden of Prince Cheng are still there today.The vicissitudes of history, the vicissitudes of life, the beautiful architecture, mansion and landscape, leave historical and cultural memories.