Chapter 19 Lecture 49 Prince Cheng's Mansion

Yunzhi, the first owner of Prince Cheng's Mansion, was the third son of Emperor Kangxi.The mother Rongfei Ma Jiashi gave birth to five sons and one daughter in the seven years from the tenth year of Kangxi (1671) to the sixteenth year (1677). Favored.Yunzhi was born in the sixteenth year of Kangxi (1677), 5 years younger than the eldest brother Yunti, 3 years younger than the crown prince Yunfeng, and 1 year older than the fourth brother Yinzhen (Emperor Yongzheng). Yun Zhi was smart and eager to learn since he was a child.In the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi (1690), Emperor Kangxi personally conquered Galdan for the first time. He was ill on the way, and urgently summoned Prince Yunfeng and the third son Yunzhi to serve in front of the army.Shi Yunji was 14 years old.Then, he and the crown prince rushed back to the capital, and went out of the city to welcome the emperor's father back from the expedition.

Emperor Kangxi deliberately cultivated Yunzhi, to give a few examples. First, follow the father's sign.In the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi (1696), Emperor Kangxi personally conquered Galdan for the second time, and ordered Yunzhi to lead the camp with red flags.Yunji is 20 years old this year.Marching and fighting, the conditions are difficult, long distances, hunger and thirst, this is a hard training and painful test for the prince Yunzhi who grew up in the court.However, Yunzhi survived the baptism and overcame difficulties.For this reason, Emperor Kangxi wrote the poem "Giving the Prince Yunzhi": "Jade Crossbow Jin Ge Zhuang is on this trip, and the guards at the gate are in the company camp. You must not forget to work hard, and you must know how to get out of the fortress." ("Shengzu Yuzhi" Wen II Collection "Volume 46)

In March of the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi (1698), 22-year-old Yunzhi was named the King of Chengjun.At the same time, Yunti, the eldest son of the emperor, was named the county king, but Yinzhen was only named Baylor.Someone suggested that the four sons of the emperor should be granted the same title. Emperor Kangxi said: "I have been paying attention to my elder brother for a long time. The fourth elder brother is rash, and the seventh elder brother is blunt by nature. I have made up my mind. Please don't invite me again." ( "Registration of Kangxi's Daily Life", the second day of March in the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi, collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei)

Second, frustration education.In the second year when Yunzhi became the queen of the county, he accidentally made a mistake.The emperor's father's concubine Min (mother of the emperor's thirteenth son Yunxiang) passed away, and within a hundred days, Yunzhi shaved her hair and was demoted to Baylor.The head of the palace, Shi Makdu, and the first-class bodyguard, Halsa, were dismissed and given a hundred lashes.The emperor's father used this to educate Yunzhi and other princes. Third, inspect and exercise.In the forty-second year of Kangxi (1703), Emperor Kangxi personally led the crown prince Yunfeng, the third son Yunzhi, and the thirteenth son Yunxiang to the west.They passed through Baoding, arrived in Taiyuan, passed through Tongguan, and arrived in Xi'an.Return to Luan via Luoyang and return to the capital.The trek on horseback, which lasted two months, passed through the four provinces of Zhili, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Henan. It was a training for Yunzhi.This trip focuses on whether it is possible to connect the Yellow River, Fenhe River, and Weihe River to the waterway between Henan and Shaanxi to transfer grain and grain, which is not only for military needs, but also for disaster relief.Therefore, in the forty-three years of Kangxi (1704), Emperor Kangxi ordered the third son of the emperor, Yunzhi, to inspect the three mainstays of the Yellow River with the guards near the imperial guard. (Volume 214 of "Records of the Holy Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty") Yunzhi visited Sanmenxia in person to inspect the original rock island here and block the river.The ancients drilled rock islands to open "human gates", "shen gates" and "ghost gates", which is the origin of the name Sanmenxia.The river passes through Sanmen, and the water is turbulent.The ancients chiseled eyelets on the cliff, which seems to be a boat.It was the middle of winter, and I couldn't use a boat to try it out, so I don't know if the boat can walk.The on-the-spot investigation by Yunzhi and others provided a basis for Emperor Kangxi to consider and arrange river transportation.In the second year, the governors or governors of Sichuan, Shaanxi, Henan, and Shanxi were ordered to go to investigate and test again in order to solve the problem of river transportation between the two places when the grain is in abundance.

Fourth, study and compile books.Yunzhi lived up to the cultivation and expectations of the emperor's father, devoted himself to research and compilation of books, and became the prince with the highest cultural and academic attainments at that time.Yun Zhi made two main contributions in cultural history: First, the actual editor-in-chief of "Law and Calendar Origin".Emperor Kangxi set up Mengyangzhai in Changchun Garden, known as the "Royal Academy of Sciences". Under the guidance of Emperor Kangxi, Yunzhi was directly in charge of this work, delving into mathematics, astronomy, rhythm and other knowledge, and led Shu Jishi, Da Mathematics, etc. His family, He Guozong, etc. set up a library to edit and compile books on lulu and algorithm. (Volume 255 of "Records of the Holy Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty") "The books compiled are submitted every day, and the relatives will make corrections."Yu Yunzhi and others said: "The scale of the ancient calendar is very good, but its number has been different for a long time. Today's revision of books should be based on the scale of the ancient calendar, and calculated with the current number." Later, he also ordered: "The height of the North Pole and the distance between the Yellow and the Red are the most important. , It was written and measured daily after living in Danning." Prince Cheng Yunzhi and others said: "Guo Shoujing created the time-telling technique and sent people to measure it at 27 places, so it can be closely connected. Today, in addition to the daily test in Changchun Garden and the Observatory, For example, in Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangnan, and Zhejiang provinces, the difference in li is particularly obvious. Please send someone to measure it every day to get the real number. .” From it. (Volume 45 of "Drafts of Qing History Shi Xianzhi") to November of the fifty-third year of Kangxi (1714), Prince Cheng Yunzhi and others completed the book "Imperial Law Lv Zhengyi", submitted it, and obtained the decree: " Laws, calendars, and algorithms are combined into one book, which is called "Laws and Calendars." (Volume 220 of "Drafts of Qing History·Zhu Wang Liu"), the book "Laws and Calendars Yuanyuan" summarizes the achievements of predecessors and absorbs Western culture, with some innovations and developments, was a first-class scientific work at that time.

Second, support the compilation of "Book Integration".Chen Menglei has made great contributions to the compilation of "The Collection of Ancient and Modern Books", but without the support, sponsorship, communication and permission of Prince Cheng, it would have been impossible to complete it.The two people who made the greatest contribution to "The Collection of Ancient and Modern Books" are Chen Menglei and Prince Cheng Yunzhi. In the later years of Emperor Kangxi, there was an incident of abolishing the prince.In this political storm, what is the fate of Yunzhi?In the forty-seventh year of Kangxi (1708), Emperor Kangxi abolished the crown prince. Because Yunzhi and the crown prince were relatively close, he summoned him to ask him about his situation.At this time, the rumors were going to be blamed on Yunzhi. Emperor Kangxi said: "Although Yunzhi and Yunfeng are close, they have not encouraged him to do evil, and he has repeatedly persuaded Yunfeng, but Yunfeng refused to listen. I am aware of all these circumstances. Therefore, it is not a crime." (Volume 234 of "Records of the Holy Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty") The Mongolian lama Bahangerong deposed the prince for Yunti's "disgusting victory", and Yunzhi reported it in time when he knew about it.This shows that Yunzhi is a kind person, distinguishes right from wrong, and did not add insult to injury to the deposed prince.After Emperor Kangxi abolished the prince, he suffered from a serious illness.At this time, all the ministers used empty words and empty words, but Yunzhi and Yinzhen sincerely cared for the emperor's father, wept bitterly and asked for medical treatment, so that "my acute illness has been completely cured."Subsequently, Yunzhi, Yinzhen, and Yunqi were all named princes. (Volume 237 of "Records of the Holy Ancestor of the Qing Dynasty") Yunzhi behaved properly at the critical moment. He had a close relationship with Yunfeng.

Yunzhi was once framed by someone, but the emperor's father found out and escaped by luck. This is the Meng Guangzu incident. Meng Guangzu incident In February of the fifty-sixth year of Kangxi (1717), Meng Guangzu, a bachelor in Xianglan Banner, claimed that he was sent by Prince Cheng Yunzhi to cheat in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Huguang, Guangxi, and Jiangxi provinces.Nian Gengyao, the governor of Sichuan, was deceived and gave him horses and silver taels. Tong Guoxie (rang, also pronounced Xiang), the governor of Jiangxi Province, also donated silver taels and satin.From time to time, Zhao Hongxie, the governor of Zhili and governor, reported that Meng Guangzu was beheaded after checking the facts. "Tong Guoyao wanted to be dismissed, and Nian Gengyao wanted to be leniently dismissed and stay in office." On this matter, Emperor Kangxi decreed: "Written in all provinces, pass it through." (Vol. , did not blame.

Emperor Kangxi also bestowed favor on Yunzhi's son Hongsheng (cheng, also sounded Sheng).In the fifty-ninth year of Kangxi (1720), Hongsheng, Yunzhi's son, was granted the title of son, and the class salary was regarded as the son. (Volume 290 of "Records of the Holy Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty") In the second year, Yinzhen, the fourth son of the emperor, and Hongsheng were ordered to offer sacrifices to the three tombs of Shengjing.Hongsheng was born in the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi (1698). His mother was the daughter of Fujin Dong'e, Dutong and Yongqingong Pengchun.Not only did Yunzhi become Yinzhen's rival for the throne, but his son Hongsheng also became a potential threat to Hongli.

The emperor's father died, and his fate was reversed.Emperor Kangxi died and Emperor Yongzheng was established.Originally, after Emperor Kangxi abolished the crown prince and before Bintian, Yunzhi was the eldest, and his brother played the leading role, and the succession to the throne was expected, which made Yinzhen, the fourth younger brother of the emperor, even more jealous of Yunzhi.As soon as Yinzhen came to the throne, he ordered his third elder brother and Prince Cheng Yunzhi to go to Zunhua to guard the emperor's father Jingling, and he was not allowed to return to Beijing.

In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Emperor Yongzheng attacked Hongsheng, Yunzhi's son, and cut him down, making him an idle clan. In the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), Prince Cheng Yunzhi was convicted and surrendered to the county king, and his son Hongsheng was imprisoned. In May of the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), because Prince Cheng Yunzhi was at the funeral of Prince Yixian Yunxiang, he came late and left early, with no face, he was ordered to seize the title and imprisoned in Yong'an Pavilion in Jingshan. In May of the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), Yunzhi died in Jingshan Forbidden City at the age of 56, and was buried according to the county king's rules.Hong Sheng died on the ninth day of July of the same year at the age of 35.