Chapter 6 Chapter Five 1982

1982 was the fifth year of reform and opening up, and China's socialist modernization drive made great progress. The world-renowned Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing.The main agenda of this conference is: 1. Review the report of the Tenth Central Committee and determine the party's program for creating a new situation in socialist modernization; 2. Review and approve the new "Constitution of the Communist Party of China"; 3. In accordance with the provisions of the new party constitution, elect a new Central Committee, Central Advisory Committee and Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.Hu Yaobang was elected General Secretary at the First Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee.

This year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council implemented reforms. The total number of 30 units directly under the Central Committee was reduced by 17.3% after the reform; the ministries and commissions under the State Council were reduced from the original 52 to 41, and the original 41 directly under the agencies were retained. 15. From November 26 to December 10, the Fifth National People's Congress was held in Beijing.The meeting adopted the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and promulgated it for implementation.The new constitution has seven important new provisions, and it is a fundamental law with Chinese characteristics.The meeting passed a resolution on restoring "March of the Volunteers" as the national anthem, and approved the Sixth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China (1981-1985). law etc.

In 1982, my country's agricultural production achieved an all-round bumper harvest, and the output of major agricultural products hit the highest level in history. The total grain output reached 353.43 million tons, an increase of 6.4% over the record high of 332.12 million tons in 1979; the total cotton output was 3.598 million tons , an increase of 21.3% over the previous year; the output of oil crops, sugar crops, silkworms, tea, and livestock meat all increased significantly compared with the previous year.The total agricultural output value for the year was 278.5 billion yuan, far exceeding the planned growth rate of 4%.

In the golden autumn of October, the State Science and Technology Commission of China held the National Science and Technology Awards Conference.The conference awarded 552 scientific and technological achievements, including 428 national invention awards and 124 natural science awards. The first doctoral dissertation defense held in my country was completed in mid-June, and 6 students passed the doctoral dissertation defense and obtained doctorates in science and engineering respectively. At the Ninth Asian Games in December, Chinese athletes won a total of 61 gold medals, ranking first in the total number of gold medals in the Asian Games for the first time.

Since this year, my country has gradually adjusted its foreign policy, implemented an independent peaceful diplomacy, opposed hegemony, non-alignment, and maintained peace. On the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, it established, restored, and developed normal relations with other countries in the world without Similarities and differences in social systems and ideologies determine closeness, likes and dislikes. The cartoon "The Wanderings of Sanmao" has been loved by people of different ages since its broadcast.The creator of the film, Zhang Leping, is a highly accomplished artist who has created a large number of comics throughout his life and achieved great success.His masterpiece "The Wanderings of San Mao" ruthlessly castigates the cruelty, cruelty, deceit and injustice in the old society.It extols the "Sanmao Spirit" who is still strong-willed, optimistic, kind, alert, and humorous in the face of extreme misery and helplessness.Sanmao's story aroused the resonance of all kind people.

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 15th: my country's colleges and universities will award bachelor's degrees to graduates from this year.There are a total of 458 schools approved by the State Council to award bachelor's degrees in the first batch, and these institutions of higher learning will be the first to award bachelor's degrees among fresh graduates. The Lost Years, adapted from Ye Xin's novel of the same name, is a serial drama reflecting the lives of educated youths.After it was broadcast, it caused a sensation all over the country, triggering an upsurge of reviewing the lives of educated youths.The theme song "An Unforgettable Song" sung by Guan Mucun is also sung all over the country.

Xinhua News Agency, February 20th: The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made the "Decision on Establishing a Retirement System for Veteran Cadres." The "Decision" stipulates: as the head of the central government, ministers and vice ministers of state organs, the first secretary of the party committee secretary of the province, autonomous region, and municipality directly under the Central Government, the secretary, the governor, the deputy governor, and the main responsible cadres of the discipline inspection committees, courts, and procuratorates at the same level, Generally not more than 65 years old, deputy general not more than 60 years old.Cadres at the level of director general should not exceed 60 years old.This is a major reform of the cadre system since the founding of the People's Republic of my country.

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 11. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the party and the government have taken a series of measures to improve the living standards of employees, which have received good results.According to the statistics of some cities by the state: Comparing 1981 and 1978, the average household population decreased, the employed population increased, the burden on the employed was reduced, and the living standards of workers' families improved significantly. On February 23, 1979, the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress decided that March 12 every year would be the National Arbor Day. On Arbor Day on March 12, 1982, Deng Xiaoping took the lead in setting an example by planting the first tree for voluntary tree planting on Yuquan Mountain in Beijing.Since then, voluntary tree planting has been put into practice as a legal obligation that citizens must fulfill, and a voluntary tree planting campaign with the largest number of participants and the most remarkable results in the world continues to be carried out across the country.The voluntary tree planting of the whole people has effectively promoted the improvement of my country's ecological situation.

Xinhua News Agency reported on March 13 that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council recently issued the "Instructions on Further Improving Family Planning Work", requiring state cadres, workers, and urban residents that, except for special circumstances and approval, a couple should only have one child.It is generally recommended in rural areas that a couple should only have one child, but some people who have practical difficulties and require two children can make planned arrangements after approval.No matter what the situation is, the third child cannot be born. The central government regards family planning as a long-term basic national policy and unswervingly adheres to it.

This year, the State Council approved the pilot project of selling new and existing housing subsidies to individuals in Changzhou, Shashi, Siping, and Zhengzhou.The pilot program of relevant departments stipulates that individuals who purchase new houses generally pay 1/3 of the selling price, and the remaining 2/3 are subsidized by the construction unit.It can be paid in one lump sum or in installments over a period not exceeding 15 years. Anhui Daily, April 23, old people refuse to accept old age: As the saying goes, 80-year-olds can’t learn to boast years, but Wang Bangying refuses to accept old age, and wants to learn new methods of scientific farming.Farmers rushing to take the exam: last year, Wuhe County had a good harvest in agriculture. Farmers generally demanded to improve scientific farming. The county government decided to arrange an exam to recruit 90 farmer technicians. The coke broke the farmers, and everyone went to rush for the exam.Two members of the commune set up a seed station: after the implementation of household insurance in Shantou District of Si County, farmers panicked about improved seeds, but two farmers in Si County were born in seed gardens and were familiar with the local conditions. They opened a seed station and were well received by farmers. welcome.All this reflects that a wave of learning science in rural areas is booming.

"This is a magical land" written by Zhang Xian, although this land is a terrible "covered wasteland", it has attracted a group of young people full of pride and entrepreneurial spirit to embark on a road full of blood and tears. Let readers read with passion.The novel is full of strong subjective feelings, and through the personal experience of the first person "I", it tells a moving story about "educated youth going to the countryside". The proud son of the Great Northern Wilderness is full of infinite sympathy and awe.The novel runs through two clues, intertwined, so there are ups and downs, and suspense arises from time to time. Xinhua News Agency, June 5th: On the west slope of Gaoli Mercury Mountain in Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, another huge Rhododendron tree was discovered. According to preliminary research, the tree is more than 500 years old, and it is older than the British 64 years ago. The tree that Fulis found and sawed away (87 cm in diameter at breast height, 280 years old) is nearly twice as large as the one found during the second inspection of the Kunming Institute of Botany in February this year (with a diameter at breast height of 1.27 meters) , tree height 25 meters) is also much larger.It can be called the largest in the world. Beijing Evening News reported on June 16 that the first doctoral dissertation defense held in my country ended, and six postgraduates received the first batch of doctoral degrees in my country.More than 10 scientists and professors presided over the defense of the first batch of doctoral thesis.Ma Zhongqi, a graduate student from the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xie Huimin, a graduate student from the Institute of System Science, and Li Shangzhi, Zhao Lincheng, and Bai Zhidong, graduate students from the University of Science and Technology of China, respectively passed the defense and obtained a doctorate in science; Feng Yulin, a graduate student from the University of Science and Technology of China, received a doctorate in engineering. Wen Wei Po July 18th This year, pornographic books are flooding the book market."Rose Dream" published by Yanbian People's Publishing House was banned. This is a focal event in the history of modern Chinese publishing.This year, more than 30 kinds of obscene and pornographic books were banned by official publishing houses, six publishing houses were closed for rectification, and more than 130 kinds of publications were investigated and dealt with because of publications with obscene and pornographic descriptions or low-level and indecent publications on the cover and illustrations.In the face of the "yellow flood zone", on the one hand, the relevant departments stepped up their efforts to block the source and rectify the printing department of the publishing industry; . Since the Japanese TV series "Blood Congealed" (starring Momoe Yamaguchi) was broadcast in my country, Momoe Yamaguchi has become a super idol in China. "Mao Bao" not only allows the self-employed to make a lot of money, but also allows the Chinese public to understand for the first time what is called "celebrity effect".Also starting from "Blood Clot", Chinese TV stations learned to add advertisements before TV dramas. In July, Zhang Hua, a student of the Air Force Medical Department of the Fourth Medical University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, died honorably at the age of 24 in order to rescue a farmer who fell into a cesspool due to excrement.Zhang Hua's sacrifice aroused fierce social debate on college students.Some people think that thinking from the value of life, as a high-quality college student, to sacrifice without hesitation is irresponsible to both oneself and the society.These arguments are opposed by most people, who believe that the noble sentiments of self-sacrifice and self-sacrifice cannot vary from person to person, and everyone is equal before morality.But all kinds of debates cannot deny that Zhang Hua is a real hero in people's hearts. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 1. In recent years, a number of medium-sized cities with rapid industrial production development and good economic benefits have emerged in various parts of my country, which are called "star" cities.There are more than 10 such star cities across the country from south to north, which fully reflects that my country's production is developing faster and faster, and its economic benefits are getting better and better. According to Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 3rd, recently 15 series of 318 specifications of low-voltage electrical products produced by 84 factories across the country passed the strict technical review of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and the first batch of production licenses were obtained.Issuing production licenses to industrial products whose quality has reached the standard is a measure of the nature of technical legislation, and it is the first time it has been implemented in our country. Xinhua News Agency, August 30th, my country's first audio technology book "Sound Quality Evaluation and Terminology" was recently published by Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House.The publication of this audio book is a great progress in the publishing history of our country. The Japanese cartoon "Forest King" tells the story of the growth of the little lion Leo.The broadcast of the film in my country marks the entry of a new era in China's advertising industry - Japanese advertisers provide cartoons, which can broadcast a one-minute commercial after 30 minutes of the program. People's Daily, September 30th, only a few countries in the world can produce infrared thermal TV, which has been successfully developed in our country.After technical appraisal and on-site use by relevant parties, it has recently been put into finalized production in Beijing.Infrared thermal TV is a modern technical equipment for detecting the surface temperature of objects that appeared in foreign countries in the 1970s. It has multiple uses and broad development prospects in industry, agriculture, and military. This year, the annual output of washing machines with a development history of only 3 years in my country has reached more than 2 million units.Refrigerators are in short supply in the Beijing market this summer.Typical Beijing residents are now begging for color televisions, floor fans, stereo radios and ordinary washing machines.The nationwide boom in electrical appliances has led to the development of the three major items that Chinese families are looking for from the previous years: bicycles, watches, and sewing machines to the current three major items: televisions, washing machines, and refrigerators. This year, CCTV aired the English teaching program "Follow Me" (follow me), which immediately sparked an English craze in China, which had just opened its doors.At the beginning of last year, "Television Weekly" issued more than 700,000 copies, which increased to 1.5 million copies after September; after the "Learn with Me" text began to be published in October, the circulation surged to 2 million copies; 6 million copies of teaching materials were sold out, repeatedly Reprints have sold out repeatedly. my country's first tourism teaching building was recently completed in Hangzhou.The building has a total area of ​​7,000 square meters and is divided into 6 floors. There are classrooms, laboratory buildings, and reference rooms. It is equipped with various modern teaching equipment such as language experiments, video projections, and photography.The completion of this building has created conditions for cultivating more tourism professionals. Approved by the State Council, the People's Bank of China resumed the sale of gold jewelry in the country starting in late September.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the supply of gold jewelry was stopped for several years. In view of the relatively large development of gold production and the material basis for selling gold jewelry in China, the State Council decided to resume the sale of gold jewelry in China according to the requirements of the masses.At present, the types of jewelry sold in China mainly include rings, necklaces, pendants, gold-rimmed glasses and some gold-plated jewelry. 24K gold jewelry has become a hot commodity, and it is developing towards middle and high-end jewelry. Xinhua News Agency, October 24th The Sixth World Cup Gymnastics Competition held in Zagreb, Yugoslavia from October 11th to 24th almost became a stage for Chinese gymnast Li Ning to perform alone.The young athlete who was only 19 years old at the time defeated many famous players and finally won five individual championships in individual gymnastics, pommel horse, rings, vault and horizontal bar with a total score of 54.45 points. He won a total of 6 gold medals and 1 bronze medal on parallel bars , Created a precedent for one person winning 6 gold medals in the World Cup gymnastics competition.He deduced his own brilliance, but also deduced the brilliance in the history of gymnastics. "Our 1970s" (China Friendship Publishing Company, 2006 edition, edited by Kuang Chen) contains that Misty Poetry finally gained its "legitimate status" in the poetry world after many debates and quickly had a wide influence. The prosperous age of "obscure poetry" appeared.Misty poets represented by Gu Cheng, Bei Dao and Shu Ting also quickly became figures of public admiration.Their works "Ghost Into the City", "Some Lights" etc. (Gu Cheng), "Maple Tree and Seven Stars", "Tomorrow, No" etc. (Bei Dao), "Shuangzhi Boat" etc. (Shu Ting) have all become The collection of poems snapped up by young people.Poetry writing has also become a popular, elegant and noble thing. Wherever there are young people, there will be poetry clubs, and many young people will have exquisite notebooks on hand to copy their favorite poems. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 2 (Xinhua News Agency reporter learned from the Ministry of Education) that colleges and universities across the country have successfully completed the enrollment plan for 1982, with a total of 305,000 new students admitted.The total admission rate (referring to the ratio of the number of new students admitted nationwide to the number of students taking the unified examination) this year is 16.34%, an increase of 5.41% over last year.The quality of incoming freshmen has also generally improved. People's Daily, November 6th, after the implementation of the responsibility system in rural areas, every household has to buy a batch of farm tools.However, due to the high demand, the wooden farm implements in the market are in short supply.However, recently, plastic farm tools sold in rural markets have been widely welcomed by farmers.They said that a nylon ox rope sold for only 6 jiao, cheaper and more durable than hemp leather ox rope; a pair of wooden urine buckets weighed 11 or 2 kilograms, while a pair of plastic urine buckets only weighed about 4 kilograms.Plastic buckets are not only lightweight, but also cost-effective, durable, and easy to maintain.Others, such as plastic buckets, manure spoons, etc., are also ideal small farm tools.We also hope that there will be more and better plastic agricultural tools, such as plastic waterwheels, plastic buckets, plastic winders, etc., appearing on the market. People's Daily, November 16th: At present, there are 279 education colleges in my country, including 32 directly run by the people's governments of provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, and 247 run by cities and prefectures.The educational level and teaching level of the teachers participating in the advanced training have been improved to varying degrees.In recent years, about 100,000 educational administrative cadres have been trained. In November, my country built the first solar tower in Zijin Mountain, Nanjing, which is one of the largest solar towers among more than 20 solar towers in the world.The solar tower is 21 meters high, and there are three observation rooms around the tower, which can obtain research data about the sun and provide scientific information.It marks a big step forward in my country's solar observation and research level. People's Daily, November 21 (Reporter Lanliu) In order to provide visual information for the study of the development history of Shanghai opera (the Tanhuang part), the Shanghai Branch of the Chinese Dramatists Association recently organized famous actors and some old artists in the Shanghai opera circle to jointly perform "Tanhuang Opera" .The repertoire of this performance includes "Looking at the Dragon Boat", "Selling Red Ling", "Lu Yachen", "Xu Azeng Lights Up the Light" and "Abida".These repertoires are the early traditional operas of Shanghai Opera, with vivid language, strong life flavor and popular performance forms, which are very popular with the audience. "Our 1970s" (China Friendship Publishing Company, 2006 edition, edited by Kuang Chen) contained in the early 1980s, Jin Yong's martial arts novels and Qiong Yao's romantic novels were all unconventional and warmly welcomed by readers.As the representative of travel literature, Sanmao, she is both romantic and unrestrained. With countless incredible creations, spring bloomed in a wilderness without flowers. The romance that is elusive in the bones of thousands of women makes the brave Sanmao's performance is incisively and vividly.The romantic, rebellious, passionate and exotic style of her travel notes quickly won a large number of young readers.It has brought countless boys and girls endless fantasies and expectations, and they are intoxicated with the kind of romantic courage and appreciation of wisdom in adversity. People's Daily, November 25, Tianjin Special Telegraph (Reporter Xiao Di) In Tianjin, it took 7 months to build a 546-meter-long three-dimensional crossover bridge across the Jintang Highway and Jingshan Railway, which was officially opened to traffic this morning.This overpass has a bridge deck width of 18.5 meters and a total of 25 holes. It needs to build 48,000 square meters of road surface and lay 2.7 kilometers of sewers. Xinhua News Agency, December 4th When the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress voted to adopt the new "Constitution of the People's Republic of China", for the first time, three representatives abstained from voting. People's Daily, December 4th, the Ninth Asian Games ended in New Delhi, India.In this Games, China won a total of 61 gold medals, ranking first in the total number of gold medals in the Asian Games for the first time.Our country's remarkable achievements in this Asia's largest sports competition have made the people's enthusiasm for sports unprecedentedly high. More and more people support Chinese sports to break out of Asia and go to the world to fully demonstrate the Chinese people's demeanor . Wen Wei Po, December 5th, the first Mao Dun Literature Award Ceremony was held.The Mao Dun Literary Award is based on the will of the famous writer Mao Dun, established by the Presidium of the Chinese Writers Association and named after him, and rewards excellent novels that appear nationwide.The award is selected every three years, and the winners of this year's six novels are as follows: Yao Xueyin's "Li Zicheng" Volume II, Zhou Keqin's "Xu Mao and His Daughters", Wei Wei's "Oriental", Mo Yingfeng's "Song of the General", written by Li Guowen and Gu Hua. People's Daily, December 12th (Reporter Wang Chunyuan) The novel "The Garland Under the Mountain" is a tragic ode, but it does not avoid contradictions, but bravely and positively analyzes the reality in reality with a strict realistic attitude. Sharp contradictions, it abandons the tendency to "deify" and "purify" heroes, and successfully creates a group of heroes of a generation of soldiers, truly and profoundly revealing various contradictions within the army.This work opened up a new field of creation on military themes. After its publication, it received a strong response and touched the hearts of hundreds of millions of Chinese. People's Daily, December 26 (Reporter Ge Guang) Recently, a number of colorful feature films have been screened across the country, and have been welcomed and praised by the audience.Among them are "Spring Water Ding Dong" (Shanghai Film Studio), "Unknown Friends" (Beijing Film Studio), "Housework and Clean Officials" (Changchun Film Studio), "This Is Not a Misunderstanding" (Shanghai Film Studio) Factory), "Pipa Soul" (August 1st Film Studio), and other domestic films released include the colorful feature film "Legend of Liyuan" (Emei Film Studio ), the color feature film "Mother Lake" (Inner Mongolia Film Studio), which describes the revolutionary struggle of the people in the Mother Lake area of ​​Inner Mongolia, and the color Henan opera drama "Luoyang Bridge" (Xi'an Film Studio).In addition, the British "Thirty-Nine Steps" and the Romanian feature film "Son of the Mountain" and the Czechoslovak "Extraordinary Emma" are also screened at the same time. People's Daily, December 26th (Reporter Du Yajia) Recently, some provinces and regions, minority youth soloists performed concerts, which added splendor to the stage of the capital.More than 30 young solo performers from 19 nationalities participated in this performance. They are from Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, and they are all outstanding national singers.It is the first time that such an event is held in our country.Undoubtedly, it will play a positive role in the development of the music industry of ethnic minorities in our country, the prosperity of socialist music art, and the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.This time, the show has a strong national style and high artistic quality.The singing of many singers not only has distinct national characteristics, but also has a smooth, sweet and lustrous voice.As an actor of an ethnic minority, it is very important to maintain ethnic characteristics.Their performances have shown the prospects of successors and prosperity of the vocal music art career of ethnic minorities in our country. In 1982, a series of excellent films such as "Shaolin Temple", "Wrangler", "Chunhui", "Under the Wind and Rain on Zhongshan Mountain", "Flying Cranes", "Cuckoo Prompting Spring" and so on were released, all of which were very popular with the audience.Most of them won the Best Feature Film Award, Golden Rooster Award, and Excellent Film Award.Among them, "Wrangler" won the Golden Rooster Award for Best Difficult Supporting Actor, Best Editing Award, Hundred Flowers Award for Best Supporting Actor, and the Ministry of Culture's 1982 Excellent Film Award.It won the Best Actress Award, Best Art Award, and Best Prop Award at the 3rd Golden Rooster Awards. It is adapted from Lao She's novel of the same name.Through the shaping of several vivid characters, the film shows a true picture of old China, full of life, with distinct national style and local characteristics. "Shaolin Temple" is a martial arts and kung fu movie that refreshed mainland audiences, setting off a frenzy at the box office.As the film played, a wave of shaving heads and learning martial arts began to rise. Beijing Evening News, December 31st, luxury fur clothing has become a hot seller in Beijing.Yang Xiu from the Supply and Marketing Department of Beijing Fur Company told the reporter: "In the old society, fur coats were indeed worn by wealthy people, but after liberation, fur coats cannot be said to belong to the bourgeoisie. The society is progressing, and people's living standards are improving. People need colorful winter clothes." The reporter saw that fur clothing sales cabinets were bustling with people buying high-end fur clothing. Beijing Evening News, Dec. 31 In just over 10 days, the number of marriage agencies registered in various districts of Beijing has increased significantly.According to the statistics of Chaoyang, Haidian and other districts, the number of registrations per day is twice that of the past.The phones of various dating agencies kept ringing. These days, there were too many calls to inquire, and the dating agencies were getting busier with each passing day.