Chapter 5 Chapter Four: The Restoration and Development of the Twenty-Sixth Red Army in Longdong

The failure of the Red Twenty-Sixth Army to go south and the complete loss of the Zhaojin Soviet Area put the revolutionary struggle in the Shaanxi-Gansu border at a critical moment of life and death.Under the extremely precarious situation, the Communist Party represented by Liu Zhidan turned the tide, liquidated the mistakes of "Left" adventurism at the Baojiazhai Conference, and determined a series of correct measures to restore the Red Twenty-six Army and establish the Nanliang base area. The policy of action and strategy saved the Red Army and the revolution in times of crisis, and laid a solid foundation for creating a revolutionary base in the Shaanxi-Gansu border with Nanliang as the center, restoring and strengthening the main Red Army, and creating a new situation in guerrilla warfare.After the Baojiazhai meeting, the 26th Army of the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Red Army was reestablished at the Lianhua Temple in Heshui County.Since then, the main Red Army and local guerrillas have continued to develop and grow in the battle to create and defend the Nanliang base.Since then, the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Red 26th Army has entered a heyday of great development.

1. The policy of the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border was established, and the focus of the revolutionary armed struggle shifted to the Nanliang area (1) The major victory of the main force of the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border in the external battle In mid-October 1933, in order to smash the "encirclement and suppression" of the four enemy regiments against Jinsu District, the temporary general headquarters of the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Red Army led the Fourth Red Regiment, the Northwest People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Brigade, the Third Detachment of Yaoxian County and the First Detachment of Northern Shaanxi Waiting for more than 300 troops, avoiding the enemy's edge, turning to the outside line, looking for opportunities to wipe out the enemy.At the same time, Zhang Xiushan, Wu Daifeng, Gao Jinchun, and Huang Ziwen led more than 100 guerrillas from Zhaojin's various guerrillas to persist in the internal struggle.In order to be prudent in the first battle and ensure victory, the Provisional General Headquarters of the Red Army decided to attack Heshui in the first battle.Because Liu Zhidan, Wang Shitai and other comrades returned to Zhaojin from Zhongnan Mountain, and when they passed Baojiazhai in Heshui, they learned that there was only one company of the Zhao Wenzhi Regiment of the Yang Ziheng Department of the Shaanxi Army stationed in Heshui County, plus the Taishui County Security Team, the total strength was less than 300 People, paralyzed on guard, lax in defense, the Red Army is more certain of winning.

On October 12, the main Red Army set off from Zhaojinsu District, crossed Malanchuan, along the foothills of Ziwuling, passed through Zhengning and Ning counties, and went northward day and night.Along the way, Ziwu Ridge is in high autumn and the air is crisp, the leaves are red with frost, and the mountain scenery is particularly spectacular.However, the soldiers of the Red Army didn't want to appreciate the scenery of the mountains and autumn, and they all wished to step over to Heshui City and wipe out the enemy. On the 15th, after a rapid march of more than 150 kilometers, the troops successfully arrived at Heshui Heimuyuan.

After the Red Army arrived at Heimuyuan, they immediately blocked the news and began intense pre-war preparations.At the same time, scouts were sent to find out the enemy army, and found out the terrain of Taishui City and the enemy's defense situation. Heshui City, also known as Gourd City, is located in Chengguanchuan in the Ziwuling Mountains. It is a half-mountain and half-river town shaped like a gourd.The head of the gourd is facing the river, and the tail of the gourd is Yaoshan. The highest point of the mountain is called the gourd handle, and there is a strong castle built there.There are two deep ditches on the left and right outside the city, with steep cliffs, which are very dangerous.There are two gate towers on the east and west walls, tall and strong, which are the key points of the enemy's city defense.The key part of the city outline has a double-layer city wall inside and outside, and the city wall is built with large bricks.Between the inner wall and the outer wall in the southeast of the city, there are partition walls every few feet.If you want to go from one side of the wall to the other, you can only go through the hole in the inner wall that only allows one person to enter and exit.Even if you climb up the city wall, you have to pay a considerable price to occupy the entire city wall.

Heshui is easy to defend and difficult to attack. In addition, the Red Army lacks siege equipment. If they adopt a strong attack, they will definitely suffer heavy casualties.After Liu Zhidan analyzed and studied the terrain and the enemy's situation, he decided to take advantage of the enemy's unpreparedness and sneak attack Heshui.Specific deployment: choose more than 20 witty and brave fighters to form a commando team, take the lead in destroying the city, and use the second company of the Red Fourth Regiment and the first team in northern Shaanxi to form the main attacking force.The rest of the troops were on standby outside the city as the second echelon.

At dawn on the 18th, the Red Army began to attack the city.Under the leadership of Wang Shitai, the commando successfully boarded the city, and then acted separately. Some soldiers touched the "gourd handle", handed over the guns of a squad of the enemy, and controlled the commanding heights; Ban's gun, open the city gate.At this time, the main attacking force also captured the Ximen Tower, rushed forward, and quickly captured the county government. In less than an hour, they won the battle, and the Red Army captured the entire Heshui County.In this battle, more than 200 enemies were wiped out and more than 100 guns were seized.Kang Lin, the magistrate of Heshui County of the Kuomintang, led a small number of people to abandon the city and fled. Li Yan, the head of the enemy Public Security Bureau, led an uprising.The Red Army opened the prison and rescued more than 80 party members and cadres and revolutionary masses who were imprisoned, including Comrade Yang Peisheng, former captain of the Second Detachment of the Second Detachment of the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army.

After the battle, the temporary commander-in-chief of the Red Army ordered the opening of warehouses to distribute food and relieve the masses.At the same time, revolutionary propaganda was carried out to the masses, slogans were posted, meetings were held, and revolutionary principles were explained.The Red Army also publicly tried the local tyrants and evil gentry and reactionary officials who were greatly angered by the people, and executed the enemy salt tax bureau chief and the local tyrant "Master Du". The surprise attack on Heshui greatly inspired the Red Army and the revolutionary masses, dealt a heavy blow to the enemy, and laid a solid foundation for guerrilla warfare in Qingyang, Heshui and other areas.This battle was fought very beautifully, which fully demonstrated Comrade Liu Zhidan's superb commanding skills.

During this period, the Zhaojin Su area fell to the enemy on October 16 under the enemy's massive attack.The Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee withdrew from Xuejiazhai and retreated northward. On October 19, in Pankeyuan, Ning County, Gansu, the main force of the Red Army joined the rear organs and guerrillas of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee.In order to cope with the internal struggle in Zhaojinsu District, Liu Zhidan and Wang Taiji led their troops to the south. On October 21, our army wiped out an enemy company in Yangjiadian, Yijun County.But at this time, Zhaojin Su District's defeat was set and irreversible.So Liu Zhidan resolutely turned north again, entered Longdong, raided Sansanlipu in Qingyang County, wiped out more than 40 members of Tan Shilin's militia army, destroyed the Catholic church opened by the imperialists, and captured two reactionary leaders.

In late October, when the Red Army was marching in Qingyang City, it encountered more than 500 troops of the enemy's Longdong Militia Army led by Tan Shilin.In an emergency, Yang Sen, the political commissar of the Fourth Red Regiment, personally led twelve cavalry from the vanguard squad to rush towards the enemy group.The twelve cavalry warriors of the Red Army charged at the enemy group while firing their bows and arrows.The enemy was caught off guard, was beaten dizzy, and fled for their lives in all directions.After the Red Army cavalry had been chasing the enemy for two or three miles, the enemy realized that the Red Army had only twelve cavalry, so they hurriedly organized a counterattack.Under the intensive firepower of the enemy, the Red Army cavalry was pressed back.At this time, the follow-up troops of the Red Army arrived and entered the battle, and the enemy army was defeated and fled.In this battle, the Red Army defeated more with less, defeated more than 500 enemy troops, captured more than 10 enemies, and captured one of Tan Shilin's mounts.

The Red Army won successive victories in the Longdong area, and the frequent successes made the Kuomintang reactionaries angry. In late October, the Kuomintang reactionaries mobilized heavy troops to pursue and suppress the main force of the Red Army.A regiment of more than 800 people from the Wenzhi Department of the enemy acted as the vanguard, the most arrogant.Zhao Wenzhi was eager for revenge for losing Heshui County, and was eager to fight the Red Army.In response to this situation, the Provisional General Headquarters of the Red Army and Comrade Liu Zhidan decided to adopt the tactics of exhausting the enemy, first leading Zhao Wenzhi's nose in circles, and when the enemy was exhausted, they chose favorable terrain to eliminate them.The Red Army fought with the enemy in Qingyang, Heshui, Zhengning, and Ningxian. The enemy was dragged by the nose for more than ten days, and was extremely exhausted. On October 28, when the Red Army moved to Maogoumen Village① in Qingyang County, the enemy army was exhausted after a long journey, but they were still unwilling and followed.At this time, the enemy's spirit was greatly reduced.Liu Zhidan believed that the time was ripe to annihilate the enemy, and was determined to annihilate this enemy force at Maogoumen.

Maogoumen Village is located in the middle of a ravine in the east-west direction, with mountains on the north and south sides. The residents in the village are scattered at the bottom of the ditch and on the northern half slope of the ditch. At dawn on the 28th, the enemy Zhao Wenzhi Department suddenly launched an attack on the Red Army.In order to win more with less and wipe out the enemy in the counter-charge, Wang Taiji and Liu Zhidan decided to withdraw the main force of the Red Army to Beishan to occupy favorable terrain.At 9 o'clock in the morning, Zhao Wenzhi saw the Red Army retreating, and mistakenly believed that the Red Army was afraid of its power and cowardice, so he ordered his troops to pursue and attack the mountain desperately.The enemy's artillery fired violently at the Red Army to cover the enemy's offensive.At this time, the Red Army discovered that Tan Shilin's Longdong Militia Army had also detoured to gather behind Beishan.Wang Taiji ordered Qiang Shiqing to lead the guerrillas to seize the hill and control the commanding heights to prevent the attack of Tan Shilin's Longdong militia army.At 4:00 p.m., Wang Taiji and Liu Zhidan issued an order to counterattack. As soon as the charging horn sounded, the Red Army launched a counterattack across the board. The Northwest People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army charged the enemy's front, the Red Fourth Regiment attacked the enemy's right wing, and the Yaoxian Third Detachment attacked the enemy's left side. The 300 Red Army soldiers descended like tigers.The enemy army was in a mess and was pushed to the bottom of the ditch by the Red Army. They were defeated and fled in embarrassment.The cavalry company of the Fourth Red Regiment pursued the enemy for more than ten miles.The enemy army collapsed across the board.Seeing that the situation was not good, Zhao Wenzhi had already fled on horseback every day.The enemy army lost its command like a mob. Most of them threw away their guns and luggage, and ran away with their heads in their arms. Some simply knelt on the ground, raised their hands and waited to be captured. The battle at Maogoumen lasted until night.In this battle, more than 200 enemy soldiers were killed and captured, more than 200 guns were surrendered, and countless ammunition and luggage were handed over.The fleeing enemy was frightened and became a frightened bird, and Tan Shilin's department "picked up" many guns.It turned out that before the battle, Tan Shilin conspired with Zhao Wenzhi to flank the Red Army, Zhao Wenzhi attacked from the front, and Tan Shilin flanked the Red Army from the back.But the cunning Tan Shilin had fought against the Red Army many times, and they all ended in disastrous defeats. Fearing that he would suffer again this time, he kept his hand from the beginning.He planned that if the Red Army failed, he would attack from behind the Red Army, and if the Zhao Tuan was defeated, he would come to the soles of his feet and slip away.Later, when he saw that the Red Army occupied the hill, he stood still.When he learned that Zhao Tuan had failed, he led the troops to approach Zhao Tuan that night.The scattered soldiers of the Zhao regiment rested in a nearby village at night. After entering the village, Tan Shilin's Longdong militia army fired a few shots, shouting "Hand up your guns and don't kill me" and "The Red Army is coming!" Picked up a lot of guns and made a fortune.Less than 300 scattered soldiers from the Zhao Wenzhi Regiment fled back to Qingyang City. After the Maogoumen battle, the main force of the Red Army moved to Baojiazhai, Heshui County, and took a short-term rest. (2) Baojiazhai Conference, Determination of the Action Policy of the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Red Army From November 3rd to 5th, 1933, the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Special Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Committee and the Provisional General Headquarters of the Red Army held a joint meeting in Baojiazhai, Heshui County, Gansu Province, known as the "Baojiazhai Meeting" in history. .This meeting restored the Red Twenty-Sixth Army, determined the basic pattern of the Red Army's action policy and the development of the revolutionary base areas in the Shaanxi-Gansu border, got rid of the influence of "Left" adventurism, and saved the party and the Red Army from the crisis. , it is a historical turning point in the history of the Shaanxi-Gansu border armed struggle and the history of base construction.The role and influence of the Baojiazhai Conference on the construction of the Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu border are mainly manifested in the following aspects: First of all, the Baojiazhai meeting was held at the most difficult moment when the Zhaojinsu area was once again destroyed by the enemy, the Shaanxi-Gansu border party and the Red Army once again lost their rear support, and had no foothold.Therefore, the influence of this meeting on the fate and future of the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border is very important. On the eve of the Baojiazhai Conference, the revolutionary situation in the Northwest took a turn for the worse, and the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border was already at a critical juncture of life and death.At that time, although the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border won successive victories due to Liu Zhidan's decisive and correct command in the outer battles, but in terms of the entire northwest region and the overall revolution of the Shaanxi-Gansu border, it was defeated by the "Left" adventurism represented by Du Heng. Mistakes expanded viciously, repeated setbacks were encountered, the situation deteriorated, and it entered the most difficult stage.The major setbacks suffered by the party in the northwest region at that time were: One is the failure of the 29th Red Army in southern Shaanxi, which caused the Red Army in the Northwest to lose an arm, and also caused the Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu border to lose its echo and cooperation, and was in a situation of fighting alone.The Southern Shaanxi Red 29th Army was formed on February 24, 1933 from the guerrillas of the Sichuan-Shanxi Border Region of the Red Army. The army commander Chen Qianlun and the political commissar Li Gen had two regiments under their jurisdiction, with a total of more than 2,000 soldiers.This Red Army was one of the only two Northwest main Red Army at that time (the other was the 26th Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border), and it was also the only main force of the Red Army that could cooperate strategically with the Shaanxi-Gansu border Red Army. On April 1, 1933, the counter-revolutionaries Zhang Zhengwan, Zhang Dengxiang and others hiding in the 29th Red Army took advantage of the meeting of the main cadres of the 29th Red Army in Maeryan to attack the meeting place. Army commander Chen Qianlun, political commissar 51 cadres, including Li Gen and Chen Ziwen, director of the political department, were killed.Soon, the 29th Red Army suffered heavy losses under the encirclement of the Kuomintang.The remaining part was reorganized into the Third Independent Regiment of the 29th Red Army, with a total of more than 300 people. Yang Weisan was the head of the regiment and Zhang Mingyuan was the political commissar. In September, five regiments of the Kuomintang Army with a total of more than 12,000 troops "encircled and suppressed" the rest of the 29th Red Army.The Third Independent Regiment suffered heavy casualties.So far, the Southern Shaanxi Red Twenty-ninth Army has completely failed.The failure of the Red Twenty-Ninth Army completely wiped out a main force of the Northwest Red Army, and also left the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Red Army in a situation of isolation and helplessness. The second is that the 26th Army of the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Red Army went south to Zhongnan Mountain. Because of fighting alone, under the "encirclement and suppression" of the enemy's heavy troops, they ran out of ammunition and food, and almost the entire army was wiped out.The first main force of the Northwest Red Army created by our party after untold hardships on the Shaanxi-Gansu border was ruined by the faithful implementers of "Left" adventurism, which caused huge losses to the armed struggle on the Shaanxi-Gansu border. The third is that in late July 1933, the Yaoxian Uprising led by Communist Wang Taiji was suppressed by a strong enemy and failed, and more than a hundred people from Wang Taiji's rebel army retreated into Zhaojinsu District. Fourth, the loss of the Weibei guerrilla bases deprived the Red Army of the Shaanxi-Gansu border from the support of its southward operations.Sanyuan Wuzi District in the north of Weibei is an old guerrilla area of ​​the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu Border. The 26th Army of the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu Border and the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla Unit of the Red Army went south many times to fight and carry out guerrilla activities. In June 1933, after the failure of the Red Twenty-Sixth Army to go south to Zhongnan Mountain, the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee formed the Fourth Red Regiment based on the Weibei guerrillas in Jiaocun, Wuzi District, Sanyuan.After the establishment of the Red Fourth Regiment, they moved to Sanyuan and Fuping to carry out guerrilla activities.The Kuomintang reactionaries panicked and launched an attack on the Weibei guerrilla base.Under heavy siege by the enemy, the Fourth Red Regiment withdrew from the Weibei guerrilla base and transferred to the Zhaojinsu District in early August.The guerrilla base in Weibei fell. Fifth, the fall of the Zhaojin Soviet Area brought the revolutionary struggle at the southern foot of Ziwuling on the Shaanxi-Gansu border to a low ebb. In October 1933, the Kuomintang reactionaries conspired to kill the Red Army and mobilized four regiments. With Yang Ziheng as the commander-in-chief and the militia groups in Xunyi, Chunhua, and Yaoxian counties, a total of more than 6,000 people were mobilized to attack the Zhaojin Soviet District. Large-scale "encirclement and suppression". On the 16th, the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee and the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Committee were forced to withdraw from Xuejiazhai, the center of the base area, and the Zhaojin Soviet Area fell temporarily.Since then, the revolutionary situation in the southern foothills of Ziwuling on the Shaanxi-Gansu border has taken a turn for the worse, and revolutionary activities in Xunyi, Chunhua, Zhengning, Yaoxian, and Yijun are in difficulties. Sixth, the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee was destroyed by the enemy, and Du Heng was arrested and rebelled. The above historical facts fully demonstrate that from the successive defeats of the two main forces of the Northwest Red Army, the Red Twenty-sixth Army and the Red Twenty-ninth Army, in the summer of 1933, to the loss of the Zhaojin Soviet Area, Weibei guerrilla area, and southern Shaanxi guerrilla area, the Northwest The revolutionary situation in the region suddenly reversed, and the once-viable Northwest Territory fell into a bloodbath. In such a dangerous situation, how to save the only remaining Red Army unit in the Northwest and get rid of the dangerous situation it is facing?How to rebuild the revolutionary base so that the Red Army has a place to rest and replenish after a long period of fighting, and enable the Red Army to obtain support and support from the rear?How to rebuild the Red Twenty-six Army?How to correctly determine the strategic policy and development direction of the Red Army's actions on the Shaanxi-Gansu border?How to carry out guerrilla warfare on the Shaanxi-Gansu border and continue to win victories?These major issues that are related to the overall situation and urgently need to be solved have been lingering in Comrade Liu Zhidan's mind, and he has always been pondered by Comrade Liu Zhidan. On October 29, when the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Red Army achieved a brilliant victory in the battle of Maogoumen and defeated the pursuit of a regiment of the enemy, when the military situation eased and the troops had a chance to rest and reorganize, Liu Zhidan promptly reported to the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Party The political and military leading organs proposed to study and solve a series of major issues such as the future strategic policy and direction, rebuilding the 26th Red Army, and determining the pattern of the revolutionary struggle in the Shaanxi-Gansu border.The Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee, the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Committee, and the Provisional General Headquarters of the Red Army immediately adopted Liu Zhidan's suggestion, and decided that Liu Zhidan would chair a joint meeting in Baojiazhai to systematically study and resolve these issues concerning the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Party and the Red Army. The great question of fate.Therefore, the Baojiazhai meeting was an important meeting held in time when the revolutionary struggle in the Shaanxi-Gansu border was at a critical moment.The outcome of this meeting had a direct impact on the existence and development of the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border, as well as on the formation of armed struggle and the situation of "armed separatism of workers and peasants". Secondly, the Baojiazhai Conference determined that the focus of the Shaanxi-Gansu border revolution was the Nanliang area, and correctly resolved the long-standing unresolved strategic policy and direction of the Red Army's actions, thereby fighting for the "armed separatist regime of workers and peasants" on the Shaanxi-Gansu border The basic pattern of the project constitutes a blueprint. From October 1931 when the Nanliang Guerrilla Team and the Northern Shaanxi Guerrilla Detachment joined forces in Linjinmiao, Nanliang District, until the fall of the Zhaojin Soviet District, in the practice of carrying out the struggle for "armed separatism of workers and peasants", the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Party and the Red Army Repeatedly suffered setbacks, but also accumulated a lot of experience and lessons.However, under the interference of the "Left" erroneous line promoted by Du Heng, where to carry out guerrilla warfare and build revolutionary bases?Such a fundamental policy issue related to the fate of the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border has never been resolved.From the Nanliang guerrilla and northern Shaanxi guerrilla detachments raising this issue during the rest period in Xinbao, to the Northwest Anti-imperialist Allied Forces' debate on it after the reorganization of Sanjiayuan, and to the "North-South Separation" after the defeat of Hancheng. "The controversy aroused by the question has never been resolved.On the contrary, at that time, because Du Heng pursued the "Left" adventurist line and repeatedly ordered the Red Army to go south to the Guanzhong Plain to occupy the enemy's major cities and major transportation routes, whoever proposed to go to the Nanliang area in the middle of the Ziwuling Bridge Mountain Range on the Shaanxi-Gansu border If you carry out guerrilla activities and establish a base area, you will immediately be labeled as "rightist opportunism", "resisting the provincial party committee", "escapeism", "Shaoshanism", and "bandit line". .The occurrence of the Sanjiayuan incident, the erroneous proposition of "separation of families from the north and the south," and the failure of the Second Red Regiment to go south were all closely related to the influence of the "Left" adventurism on this issue.At that time, Liu Zhidan, Xie Zichang, Yan Hongyan and other comrades had gradually realized in practice that solving the problem of the Red Army's course of action was related to the success or failure of the revolution in the Shaanxi-Gansu border and even the Northwest region, so they all consciously resisted Du Heng's "Left" deviation in practice. The wrong interference, and carried out guerrilla warfare in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area, established the Sicunyuan guerrilla base and the Zhaojinsu area.However, under the interference of Du Heng's "Left" adventurism, none of these efforts could be sustained.Liu Zhidan, Xie Zichang, Yan Hongyan and a large number of loyal party and Red Army cadres were dismissed by Du Heng and investigated.Du Heng even believed that there were "right opportunist leadership issues" and "counter-revolutionary conspiracy issues" in the Red Twenty-six Army, depriving the Communists represented by Liu Zhidan of the correct leadership of the Red Twenty-six Army , which eventually led to the failure of the Red Twenty-sixth Army going south.In this way, the right and wrong of this question have a clear answer. The failure of the 26th Army of the Red Army to go south and the continuous loss of the Sicunyuan guerrilla base area, Weibei guerrilla base area, and Zhaojin revolutionary base area once again raised the most critical and urgent issue of the Red Army's course of action to the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Party and the Red Army. in front of.The overturning of the previous car, the lesson of the latter.To persevere in guerrilla warfare on the Shaanxi-Gansu border, it is necessary to fully consider the geography, socio-economic, political conditions, and the mass base when establishing base areas, and to pay attention to the important role of geographical environment, so it is necessary to choose a better area as the central area of ​​the base area With this as the center, the Soviet government at the county, district, and township levels was extensively established, and a system of armed forces such as "local red guards, district red guard brigades, county red guard corps, local Red Army and regular Red Army" was established, so that the revolutionary The base develops in waves to the surroundings.In this regard, the Baojiazhai meeting made a satisfactory solution.Guided by Comrade Mao Zedong's thoughts on "armed separatism of workers and peasants," this meeting made three major decisions on the basis of conscientiously summarizing the experience and lessons of previous revolutionary struggles: 1. The temporary general headquarters of the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border was abolished, the Red Twenty-Sixth Army was restored, the Northwest People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Brigade and the third Yaoxian Detachment were combined into the Third Red Regiment, and the Fourth Red Regiment was gradually reorganized into a cavalry regiment to adapt to long-distance travel The needs of running raids, quick attacks, and cavalry coordinated operations. 2. March to Nanliang in the southeast of Longdong, insist on establishing a central base in the Nanliang area in the middle of the Qiaoshan Mountains on the Shanxi-Gansu border, develop and strengthen the main Red Army, establish a red regime, and create a new pattern of "armed separatism of workers and peasants". 3. Divide three guerrilla strategic areas and set up the three-way guerrilla headquarters.Northern Shaanxi is the first guerrilla zone, centered on Anding; Longdong is the second guerrilla zone, centered on Nanliang; Guanzhong is the third guerrilla zone, centered on Zhaojin.The three-way guerrilla area also centered on Nanliang, supported by the Red Twenty-six Army in the middle, and developed north-south along the Ziwuling Qiaoshan Mountains. The three major decisions made at the Baojiazhai meeting complement each other. The core is to open up a revolutionary base area in the Shaanxi-Gansu border with Nanliang as the center, and shift the focus of the armed struggle of the Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu border to the Nanliang area. The course of action is a problem that has not been resolved for a long time. The Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Party and the Red Army represented by Liu Zhidan realized that in the northwest region, the Red Army was fighting alone because the enemy was strong and we were weak. Therefore, in order to preserve and strengthen the Red Army and carry out extensive guerrilla warfare, it was necessary to choose a suitable area. As the central area of ​​Red Army activities.The Baojiazhai meeting decided to place the central area of ​​the base area in the Nanliang area based on the suggestions of Liu Zhidan and others. This is indeed a practical decision. Nanliang is located in the east of Longdong in the middle of the Qiaoshan Mountains, including Yuhuangmiaochuan, Jiaozhachuan, Liyuanbaochuan, Erjiangchuan, Fengchuan and other vast areas bordering northern Shaanxi, with a radius of hundreds of miles.There are ravines and ravines, dense forests, and a large room for maneuver, which is convenient for the guerrilla activities of the Red Army. It can go straight to the pass, overlook the Xianyu Avenue, and retreat to guard the mountains and forests. It is easy to defend and difficult to attack. Nanliang is the cradle and birthplace of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Red Army, where the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Red Army troops were born and originated. In 1931, both the Nanliang guerrilla team and the northern Shaanxi guerrilla detachment had activities here. After the guerrilla base of Sicunyuan was lost in 1932, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army came here to rest and replenish. Communists such as Liu Zhidan and Xie Zichang all carried out revolutionary activities here, and carried out agrarian revolutionary struggles to beat local tyrants and distribute floating wealth.Therefore, the poor peasants in the Nanliang area were deeply influenced by the party and the Red Army, which made it easier for the Red Army to gain a foothold and develop here. The people in Nanliang area were deeply exploited and oppressed by feudal landlords, and they had a strong desire for revolution.Before the establishment of the red regime, among the 295 peasant households in Linzhen and Nanliang, there were as many as 198 landless households, most of whom were tenants of Qingyang landlords Han Shaoyi and Li Di.Among the more than 20,000 mu of land in this area, Han Shaoyi, Li Di and several small and medium-sized local landlords alone occupy more than 18,000 mu of land, and collect land rent of more than 4,000-5,000 shi every year.Landlords and gentry used various methods of exploitation to squeeze the blood and sweat of farmers. At the same time, soldiers and bandits in Nanliang area were rampant, which brought serious disasters to farmers.Therefore, the majority of peasants have a strong demand for land and revolutionary desire, which is a good mass foundation for establishing revolutionary base areas and developing the main force of the Red Army. The Nanliang area is located at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu, and it is a gap and weak area ruled by the Kuomintang reactionaries.At that time, Zhang Tingzhi's bandit troops were stationed in the Jingbian area, the Gaoshuangcheng Department of the warlord Jing Yuexiu was stationed in Yan'an in northern Shaanxi, the Tan Shilin Department of the Longdong Militia Army was stationed in Qingyang, and the Yang Ziheng Department of the Shaanxi Army was stationed in Pingliang. There were many conflicts among these warlords, large and small. , intrigue. "Because of the long-term division and war of the white regime, it has given a condition that a small or several small red areas under the leadership of the Communist Party can be established and persist in the middle surrounded by the white regime." ① Therefore, the Baojiazhai Conference’s policy of establishing a base in Nanliang is undoubtedly a practical and feasible strategic decision in line with the reality of the Shaanxi-Gansu border area, thus ensuring the consolidation and development of the Shaanxi-Gansu border Red Army under the leadership of the party. The practice of the past few years has made Liu Zhidan and other Communists realize that the establishment and development of a regular Red Army of considerable strength is a necessary condition and prerequisite for the existence and development of the Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base areas. Therefore, to create a revolutionary base area centered on Nanliang, It is necessary to build a regular Red Army unit.For this reason, the Baojiazhai meeting decided to cancel the temporary general headquarters of the Red Army and establish the 42nd Division of the 26th Red Army.The recovery and development of the main force of the Red Army provided a strong support for the development of the revolutionary base area, thereby effectively guaranteeing the development of the central area of ​​Nanliang. Liu Zhidan and other Communists deeply understood that the development of the central area of ​​Nanliang must be carried out with the cooperation of guerrilla warfare in the vast guerrilla area.For this reason, the Baojiazhai meeting made a decision to establish a three-way guerrilla.He believes that in order to expand and consolidate the base area in the central area and ensure the implementation of the Red Army's action policy, it is necessary to vigorously develop guerrilla areas.Only when various guerrilla groups are established one after another, and carry out extensive guerrilla activities in northern Shaanxi, Longdong, and Guanzhong, and harass and attack the enemy from all sides, can they cooperate with the main Red Army to fight, rely on and support each other, and can promote the rebellion in the Nanliang area. The base areas were opened and consolidated, and the struggles in the guerrilla areas in northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong, and Longdong were also carried out, so as to achieve the goal of expanding the base areas and strengthening the main force of the Red Army.The wise decision made at the Baojiazhai meeting drew up a new blueprint for the development of the Shaanxi-Gansu border area and the northern Shaanxi base area.Later practice proved that the decision made at the Baojiazhai meeting was completely correct, because the basic pattern of the development of the Shaanxi-Gansu border area and the northern Shaanxi base area was exactly the same. Thirdly, the Baojiazhai Conference marked the further political maturity of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Party and the Red Army represented by Liu Zhidan, thus getting rid of the influence of the erroneous line of "Left" adventurism on the work of the Party, the Red Army and the base areas, and guaranteed Mao Zedong's work. The idea of ​​"armed separatism of workers and peasants" was seriously implemented in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area. On the basis of improving ideological understanding, the Baojiazhai Conference carefully analyzed the "Left" errors of Du Heng and others, and pointed out that the harm of Du Heng's "Left" errors to the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Party and the Red Army was mainly manifested in the following aspects: One is to give up the opportunity to carry out guerrilla warfare, expand base areas, and strengthen the Red Army in the Shanxi-Gansu border mountainous areas under favorable circumstances; The second is to blindly order the Red Army to attack central cities and traffic arteries under the condition that the enemy is strong and we are weak; The third is to engage in military adventures or retreat in the face of a strong enemy's attack, causing the main force of the Red Army to be ruined; the fourth is to attack the comrades who uphold the truth with sectarianism and force the "Left" adventurist line to be implemented within the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border . All this has caused irreparable and heavy losses to the revolutionary struggle in the Shaanxi-Gansu border.Therefore, the historical achievement of the Baojiazhai Conference is not only to establish a series of action guidelines and strategic decisions concerning the development of the Red Army and base areas in a dangerous situation, but more importantly, to free the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Party and the Red Army from the "Leftist Party". The serious interference of the "Qin error" ensured that the work of the Shaanxi-Gansu border party and the Red Army would advance along the ideological line of seeking truth from facts for a long time to come, thus successfully bringing the construction of the Red Army and the base areas into its heyday. (3) The reorganization of the Lotus Temple and the restoration and establishment of the Red Twenty-Sixth Army After the Baojiazhai meeting, the temporary general headquarters of the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border led the Red Fourth Regiment, the Northwest People's Volunteer Brigade, the Third Yaoxian Detachment, and the Northern Shaanxi First Detachment to the Pingdingchuan area on the north bank of the Heshui Hulu River.The river here is relatively wide, with shrubs and forests on both sides of the mountain, and the environment is very quiet and pleasant.More than a month of outside battles, winning consecutive victories, made the troops excited, but the arduous transition of hundreds of miles without a rear also made the troops often hungry and full, and made the soldiers physically exhausted.Therefore, the general headquarters decided to rest and reorganize at the Lianhua Temple in Pingding Chuankou, implement the decision of the Baojiazhai meeting, and reorganize the troops. The Lotus Temple is located at the mouth of Pingding River on the north bank of the Hulu River.The red sandstone walls here are covered with stone statues from the early Tang Dynasty to the mid-Song Dynasty, and the niches are connected.The group portraits are lifelike, and the "five hundred arhats" and "eight hundred and eighty thousand sentient beings" with different moods are carved with superb craftsmanship, which is amazing. On November 8, 1933, under the auspices of Liu Zhidan and Wang Taiji, a meeting of all soldiers of the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border was held in Lianhua Temple.At the meeting, it was officially announced that the Red 26th Army would be resumed and the 42nd Division would be established.The Red Twenty-Sixth Army does not have a military headquarters and military-level responsible cadres. The divisional headquarters has a headquarters, a political department, a supply department, and a guard company directly under it.Red Forty-Second Division Commander Wang Taiji, Political Commissar Gao Gang, Chief of Staff Liu Zhidan, Director of the Political Department Huang Ziwen, Director of the Supply Department Liu Yuesan.Under its jurisdiction are two regiments, five companies, a total of more than 500 people, and more than 200 horses.The Third Red Regiment was co-organized by the Northwest People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Brigade and the Third Detachment of Yaoxian County, with more than 280 people. Wang Taiji was the head of the regiment, Li Yingnan was the political commissar, Zhao Guoqing, the commander of the first company, Chen Xueding, the commander of the second company, Zhang Bangying, the instructor, and Wang Youfu, the commander of the young pioneer company.The cavalry regiment has more than 180 people. Huang Zixiang is the head of the regiment, Yang Sen is the political commissar, the commander of the first company is Yang Zhibo, and the commander of the second company is Gao Zhansheng. At the same time, the army also established a party organization to ensure the party's absolute leadership over the Red Army.The division and the regiment established a party committee, and Yang Sen, secretary of the division party committee.The company established a party branch to strengthen the party's leadership over the work of grassroots organizations.Comrade Liu Zhidan attaches great importance to the work of party building. He often uses the experience and lessons of many past uprisings and revolutionary struggles as a reference to ask for awareness of the importance of party building work, reminding the majority of Red Army cadres and soldiers to play the vanguard and exemplary role of party members and the party's role as a battle defense , Do a good job in ideological work. When the Lianhua Temple was reorganized, the troops of the northern Shaanxi detachment were not reorganized. The reason was that, according to the decision of the Baojiazhai meeting, the northern Shaanxi detachment was to be the basic unit of the first guerrilla zone. Detachment Captain), Wei Wu (Political Commissar of the Northern Shaanxi Detachment), returned to the Anding area of ​​northern Shaanxi to carry out guerrilla warfare, established the first guerrilla zone, and decided that Qiang Shiqing would be the commander in chief of the first guerrilla headquarters, and Wei Wu political commissar. ① The activity area is centered on An Ding, and gradually develops to the surrounding areas, in order to achieve the goal of integrating with the Nanliang base area.The northern Shaanxi detachment was originally a Yanchuan guerrilla formed by mobilizing armed farmers with 6 rifles handed over from the militia by Gao Langting, Liu Shanzhong and others from the Yanchuan County Committee of the Communist Party of China in March 1932. In April, the Yanchuan guerrillas attacked the Yongping town militia, seized 17 guns, and established the Northwest Vanguard of the Red Army of Workers and Peasants of China. Liu Shanzhong was the commander and Gao Langting was the political commissar. It had three divisions with more than 50 people.Soon, Liu Shanzhong was killed by a traitor.On November 7 of the same year, the Northwest Vanguard was reorganized into the Ninth Detachment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla Team of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Gao Langting as the leader. On January 17, 1933, the Northern Shaanxi Special Committee of the Communist Party of China appointed Qiang Shiqing as the deputy head of the Ninth Detachment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla Army, and He Jinnian served as the political commissar.Qiang Shiqing served as the head of the detachment, and Yang Zhongyuan served as the political commissar. On May 29, a detachment in northern Shaanxi was attacked by two enemy companies in Tanjiayu, Anding, and Yang Zhongyuan, political commissar of the detachment, died.The troops were organized into 5 detachments with about 60 people, and they were active in Anding, Hengshan, and Jingbian areas. In June, a detachment from northern Shaanxi went south to the Shaanxi-Gansu border area to participate in the struggle against "encirclement and suppression" in the Zhaojin area. In October, under the unified command of the temporary general headquarters, a detachment in northern Shaanxi participated in the anti-"encirclement and suppression" battle on the outer line.After more than a month of fighting, more than 60 people have grown to more than 100 people. The combat effectiveness has been significantly improved, and weapons and equipment have also been updated and supplemented. The cadres enriched and strengthened the leadership of the northern Shaanxi detachment, and appointed Wei Wu as the political commissar of the northern Shaanxi detachment.Because a detachment from northern Shaanxi had fought guerrilla warfare in Anding, northern Shaanxi, the Baojiazhai meeting decided to send this detachment to Anding, northern Shaanxi to carry out guerrilla warfare and establish a guerrilla zone.After the Baojiazhai meeting, a team in northern Shaanxi was in high spirits. The cadres and soldiers were gearing up, eager to return to northern Shaanxi immediately to attack the enemy and establish a guerrilla zone.After the reorganization of the Lotus Temple, it was red.The 42nd Division held a farewell meeting in Donghuachi Town.At the meeting, Yang Sen spoke on behalf of the Red 42nd Division. He encouraged a team from northern Shaanxi to actively carry out activities in the first guerrilla zone and expand the base area in accordance with the spirit of the Baojiazhai meeting after returning to northern Shaanxi.Wei Wu, the political commissar of the northern Shaanxi detachment, stated at the meeting that he would resolutely implement the resolutions of the Baojiazhai meeting, carry forward the good traditions of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Red Army, do a good job in guerrilla warfare, and cooperate with the main force's activities in the Nanliang area with practical actions. 莲花寺整编是陕甘边红军史上的一个具有重要意义的事件，它恢复了红二十六军，整编了部队，对陕甘边革命武装斗争的发展产生了巨大的影响和推动作用。从此，陕甘边红军主力部队就进入了开创以南梁为中心的根据地的新阶段。 二、红二十六军开创南梁根据地的斗争 （一）红二十六军向南梁的进军 为了实现建立南梁根据地的战略任务，红四十二师在莲花寺整编后，立即兵分两路，扫荡陕甘边界的反动地主武装。 东路由师部率红三团向东北出击，进击咸榆公路，横扫沿线敌人的地主武装。在甘泉县道佐铺一带消灭敌地主豪绅民团武装40余人，随后奔袭甘泉县城未克。部队转入洛河川行至葡萄沟赤沟门时，遭到敌二五六旅一个营和地主民团武装200余人的联合进攻。 这股敌军是奉命从延安方向前来追击红军的。刘志丹命令红三团先把部队埋伏在葡萄沟门庄子两侧的有利地形，派一小部分部队伪装成游击队，将敌军引诱进埋伏圈。但敌军几次遭红军打击，进军慎重，行动缓慢。到了离村庄二、三里的地方时，便停止了前进，使红军的伏击计划未能实现。在这种情况下，刘志丹下令撤出战斗，返回南梁。 西路由骑兵团向西北出击，经柔远川、二将川直捣南梁境内的敌军据点，沿途横扫南梁地区的反动武装。当时，张廷芝匪部营长梁邦栋率陕西警备骑兵旅第二团新兵营在荔园堡、阎洼子一带为非作歹，随意派粮派款，敲诈勒索，强奸妇女。南梁人民深受其害，无不切齿痛恨。 为此，骑兵团决定拔掉这个楔在南梁中心的反动据点。骑兵团先派出侦察员，深入荔园堡摸清敌情，随后，骑兵团秘密运动到荔园堡的东、西两山，包围了梁邦栋营的匪军。接着，红军派出一支小股部队化装成老百姓，肩扛镢头、怀揣短枪，大模大样地进入了荔园堡内，突然向梁邦栋营发动了袭击，敌猝不及防，仓促迎战，这时，红军骑兵团疾驰而来，喊杀声震天动地，梁邦栋被打得落花流水，带领残部拼命向山上逃窜。这时山上的红军猛扑下来，迎头痛击逃敌，山下的红军也勇猛攻击。在骑兵团的两面夹击下，敌军被围困在老鸦沟的半山腰中，突围无望，只好乖乖地缴枪投降，全部当了俘虏。 荔园堡战斗后，南梁境内的反动民团吓得闻风而逃。骑兵团乘胜追击，在阎家洼、赵家沟一带肃清了反动地主豪绅的民团，后又全歼新堡民团。红四十二师的这次行动，为建立南梁根据地扫清了道路上的障碍。 11月中旬，红三团，骑兵团两路部队于南梁会合，驻扎在荔园堡至林锦庙一带。这时，陕甘边特委和红四十二师党委决定，趁战斗间隙，配合地方干部，开展工作。部队以连、排为单位协同地方干部分别在平定川、豹子川、太白川、白马庙川、玉皇庙川、二将川、东华池、葫芦河川一带宣传群众，组织群众、激发群众的革命积极性。帮助建立二路游击队。同时决定在南梁一带建立地方机关和师后方留守分队，把伤病员安置在平定川、豹子川一带治疗、休养。根据陕甘边特委和红四十二师党委的决定，红军部队遂分兵发动群众，到平定川、太白川、二将川、白马庙川一带，发动群众，打土豪、分粮食、分牛羊、分土地，组织农民协会，充分发挥了红军既是战斗队，又是工作队的作用。 为了进一步巩固战斗成果，进一步发动群众，扩大游击战争的区域范围，红四十二师还抽出刘约三，吴岱峰等军事干部和部分工作人员，带领伤病员及后勤机关，来到了平定川一带。一方面照顾伤病员，一方面着手组建游击队。在刘约三、吴岱峰等同志的领导下，庆阳游击队、合水游击队、保安游击队、安塞游击队先后成立。 庆阳游击队：1933年11月下旬，在南梁小河沟成立，活动于华池县二将川、柔远川一带。队长杨培盛，政委习仲勋。初建时队伍仅有8人，3支枪，杨培盛奔走串联，在十余天时间内动员了30多名陕北来南梁谋生的贫苦农民参加游击队。为了搞到武器，杨培盛率领庆阳游击队员闯入二将川刘坪堡敌据点，收缴民团枪支30多支，手榴弹70余枚，接着又将作恶多端的二将川民团团长赵富奎的眷属十余人抓获，迫使赵交出65支枪。部队很快发展到100多人枪。到1934年夏，庆阳游击队发展到200多人，扩大编为两个支队和一个骑兵队。一支队长张志孝，二支队长邵怀德，骑兵队长马福吉。 合水游击队：1933年11月下旬，在南梁豹子川王街成立。活动于东华池、太白一带，队长张振东，政委孙铭章。初建时队伍仅有6人，张振东利用他曾与东华池民团团总张怀治“换帖”的关系，将游击队埋伏在堡子外，自己进入敌巢，与张怀治叙“兄弟情谊”，乘张怀治不备，下了他的枪，并迫使他下令全团缴枪，共缴获步枪25支，摧毁了这个反动据点。接着，游击队吸收了20多名贫苦农民参加，然后向合水方向开展游击活动。几个月内，部队扩大到100余人，到1934年夏，合水游击队发展到180余人，下辖三个中队，一中队（队长朱庭虎）、二中队（队长赵生）、三中队（队长夏松柏）。 保安游击队：1933年11月下旬，在南梁成立。初建时只有10余人，刘约三任队长，王英任政委。不久，在豹子川吸收了10余名新战士，队伍扩大到30人。他们抓紧修理主力红军部队留下来的残破枪支，很快武装起来。这时，保安一带的贫苦青年农民30余名前来参加游击队，使保安游击队扩大到60余人，随后，部队向洛河川一带出击，在金鼎山歼灭张廷芝部一个排，缴枪30余支。在游击活动中，保安游击队很快发展成有100余人的地方红军武装。 安塞游击队：1933年12月在南梁成立。刚组建时仅有七、八个人，曹满栋任队长，王士贵任政委。为缴获敌人武器，安塞游击队化装成农民，进入义正川民团盘据的高台堡据点，突然袭击敌人，缴获民团步枪15支。然后，安塞游击队进入安塞境内开展游击活动，不久就发展到50多人。 在地方游击队组建并开展游击活动的同时，南梁地区的根据地建设初具规模。11月下旬，南梁根据地第一个乡级地方苏维埃政府成立。12月初，红军和地方党组织先后在二将川、东华池、葫芦河川等地组建了农民联合会，并组建起南梁、小河沟村、荔园堡、豹子川、东华池等5个赤卫大队，约达1000余人，用梭标、大刀、猎枪和少量步枪武装自己，承担派员站岗、放哨、送信、监视土豪恶霸、转移伤病员、保护群众等任务，积极配合红军和地方游击队作战，巩固和保卫南梁根据地。 （二）第二路和第三路游击队总指挥部的相继成立 主力红军，地方红军游击队和赤卫军创建南梁根据地的活动，引起了国民党反动派恐慌。1934年1月初，国民党西安绥靖公署慌忙调集驻保安、合水、庆阳等地的正规军4个营和地方民团武装5000余人，分九股向南梁地区进攻。因此，红四十二师党委在林锦庙的梁沟门召开会议，讨论了军事斗争的方针和南梁根据地的建设等问题。这次会议决定成立第二路游击队总指挥部，由杨琪任总指挥，高岗任政委，统一领导庆阳游击队、合水游击队、保安游击队、安塞游击队的军事行动，发展并壮大革命武装力量。同时决定成立南梁后方工作委员会，由吴岱峰任主任，并任命张策为红四十二师后方特派员，领导和开展南梁根据地的群众工作。为了粉碎敌人的进剿，红四十二师主力转移到外线作战，南下支援关中第三路游击区的斗争，帮助建立第三路游击区的各游击队，成立第三路游击队总指挥部，以此领导正宁、宁县、淳化、耀县、旬邑等地的游击队坚持游击活动，打击进犯之敌。 这期间，进剿陕甘边南梁根据地的敌军开始行动。敌甘肃警备第二旅驻合水一带的仇良民部一个营，孤军进至南梁二将川，当即遭到第二路游击队总指挥部所属庆阳、保安、安塞、合水游击队的袭击、骚扰，饥恐交加，不得不退出南梁地区。各游击部队还对反动地主民团的进攻给以有力痛击，在第二路游击队总指挥部的统一指挥下，庆阳、安塞、合水、保安游击队四面出击，连续作战，同反动民团军展开了英勇机智的斗争，使各游击部队在斗争中迅速得到了发展壮大。 随着游击战争的广泛开展，继庆阳、合水、保安、安塞游击队之后，南梁地区又相继成立了庆北游击队、定边游击队、华池游击队、环县游击队、庆华游击队、柔远游击队等。这些游击队同主力红军互相呼应，互相支援，同时，又为主力红军输送了几百名战士，在创建南梁革命根据地的战斗中立下了不可磨灭的功勋。 1934年1月上旬，刘志丹、王泰吉率领红四十二师挥师南下，沿途取得了歼敌合水固城民团、正宁王郎坡民团和南邑堡民团等战斗的胜利。这时，王泰吉请求去豫陕边开展兵运工作，师党委经过慎重研究，考虑到他的安全问题，劝阻他不要去。但王泰吉认为他有许多老同事、老部下，搞兵运工作比较有把握，坚持要去，最后，师党委同意了他的要求，并决定刘志丹接任红四十二师师长职务。王泰吉离开部队后，前往淳化县通润镇的一个旧相识、时任民团团总的马从云家中，不料被马从云出卖，押往西安，惨遭杀害。王泰吉的英勇就义，使陕甘边党和红军失去了一位优秀的红军干部，给陕甘边的武装斗争造成了不可弥补的损失。 这期间红四十二师南下第三路游击区，利用初战胜利的有利时机，在正宁、旬邑、淳化一带活动了一个时期，发动群众，扩大游击区，帮助地方党组织建立和整编游击队，扩大地方红军武装，使第三路游击区的革命形势又高涨起来。 1934年2月，在红二十六军四十二师的帮助下，第三路游击队总指挥部正式成立，第一任总指挥张以吾，上任不久，被叛徒杀害，由王安民担任第二任总指挥，后在老爷岭战斗中，王安民英勇牺牲，总指挥由陈国栋担任，政委张仲良。第三路游击队总指挥部下辖的游击队主要包括： 平子游击队（又称正宁四支队）：平子游击队始建于1933年9月下旬。当时由于国民党正宁县政府的5名催款人员在榆林子一带勒索钱财，侮辱妇女，为非作歹，激起了群众的强烈反抗。贫苦青年农民何秉正带领十几名贫苦农民杀了这些国民党贪官污吏，夺取了5支枪，在榆林子与平子交界处组成了一支武装队伍。随后，这支队伍进入合水一带活动，与在那里的红二十六军取得联系。1933年11月，经红二十六军命名，正式成立了平子游击队，并派殷云山任指导员，何秉正任队长。从此，这支游击队便由农民武装成为一支党领导下的革命武装。当时，部队已发展50余人，分为两个分队。1934年2月，三路游击队总指挥部成立后，队伍已经发展到100余人，被正式改编为三路游击区第四支队，通常称为正宁四支队。这支部队是第三路游击队总指挥部的基本支队之一。不久，何秉正、殷云山调离，刘玉才继任队长，郭秉坤任指导员。红二十六军组建红一团时，这支游击队被编为一团一连。 回民游击队（又称回民支队）：在正宁县的龙嘴子、西渠两个地方聚居着300多户，2000余名回族群众，他们多是不堪剥削压迫，从陕西商洛和甘肃平凉一带逃荒来到这里的。在红军的革命影响下，1933年秋，由王世平、马彦林等19名回族青年组成了一支武装队伍，取名为“回民支队”。三路游击队总指挥部成立后，被编为三路游击区第十六支队，故又称“正宁十六支队”，队长王世平（回族），指导员王世英（回族），游击队共有20余支枪，经常与其他游击队协调作战，是一支英勇善战的队伍。这支队伍后来虽几经改编，群众却一直亲切地称呼为“回民支队”。回民支队以后在抗日战争、解放战争中为保卫陕甘宁边区屡建战功。 宁县三支队：由于受到革命思想的影响，宁县平子半坡村民刘永培、杨兴才、王占义等人，联合正宁县永正乡西堡柱村农民王清殿，仿效平子游击队的方法，组织了40余人的农民武装，于1934年10月，举行“半坡暴动”，杀死豪绅地主赵新玉、赵老五等人，在平子游击队的帮助下，把队伍带到正宁湫头塬一带寻找第三游击队总指挥，受到政委张仲良的赞扬和欢迎。第三路游击队总指挥部遂将这支暴动队伍编为第三路游击区第三支队，王德宽任队长，李士新任指导员。第三路游击队总指挥部还给他们补充了一些枪支弹药，指示他们回平子一带开展游击活动。随后，宁县三支队在北挤桥的南沟，黄陵县的上畛子、鸭子梁等地多次消灭土匪民团，大闹过宁县平子镇，处决劣绅魏奎元，两次攻克梁掌堡、麻子掌的反动据点，处决民团头子庞老五、梁廷珍、汪兆明等人。后来，王德宽叛变被镇压，卜富民、杨兴才先后任队长，刘永培、刘玉才先后任指导员。 宁县一支队：宁县一支队是一支战斗力强、影响较大的地方武装，初建于1934年冬。当时，庙湾民团夏玉山部杨德民率七、八人起义后在长武一带活动。党组织派罗金财等人去该部进行争取工作。杨德民接受教育，表示愿意加入游击队。此后，又收编了潘老么的农民武装。第三路游击队总指挥部即以此为基础组建了第三路游击区第一支队，通称宁县一支队，由杨德民任队长。不久宁县一支队与宁县三支队合编，仍称宁县一支队，杨德民后患病离队，队长先后由张占荣（一说樊登奎）、樊登平、王得胜、崔瑞山担任，乔占才任指导员。这四任队长都在战斗中先后英勇牺牲。在宁县一支队处境十分困难之时，党组织派王秉祥到宁县一支队任队长，他与乔占才一起，打开了局面，领导宁县一支队由失败转向胜利，发展壮大到200余人，曾在盘克塬的南仓、金村的木瓜塬、九岘的柴桥子，合水的吕家堡等地多次打击消灭敌人，声威大振。一支队后来扩编为关中独立一营，即新宁独立营。 另外，第三路游击队总指挥部还帮助组建了正宁八支队（队长刘富奎，指导员赵德荣（赵铁娃））、正宁五支队（队长张占英）、正宁二支队、正宁三支队、正宁十七支队、特务队、底庙游击队、耀县游击队、赤水游击队、鄜甘游击队、中宜游击队等地方武装，共计500余人。这些游击队在第三路游击队总指挥部的领导下，时而集中时而分散活动。由于“这些地区敌人反动势力强，他们经历了多次艰苦的战斗，锻炼了部队，打击了敌人，巩固和发展了根据地，为革命作出了卓越的贡献。① 在第二路游击队总指挥部和第三路游击队总指挥部相继成立并领导各自的游击队广泛开展游击战争的时候，第一路游击队却遭受了挫折。1933年11月中旬，包家寨会议和莲花寺整编后，强世卿、魏武率陕北一支队百余人离开了红四十二师主力向北进军，11月15日，陕北一支队到达安定县境内。由于陕北一支队指挥员求战心切，对敌情估计不足，于11月20日，仓促