Chapter 3 Chapter Two: From the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army to the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrillas of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army

After Lin Jinmiao joined forces, the Nanliang guerrillas and the northern Shaanxi guerrilla detachment reorganized from the Shanxi guerrillas and northern Shaanxi merchants and security forces, after several months of rest and training, their political and military qualities have been greatly improved. .Under such circumstances, the conditions for the establishment of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army are increasingly ripe for raising the red flag openly. In January 1932, the united forces were formally organized into the "Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army" in Chaiqiaozi, Zhengning County, Longdong. In February, the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army reorganized into the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in Xizuizi Village, Sanjiayuan, Zhengning County.Since then, the red flag of sickle and ax has been flying high on the border of Shaanxi and Gansu, and the Northwest Red Army was officially born.The birth of the Northwest Red Army brought the revolutionary struggle of the Shaanxi-Gansu border into a new stage of agrarian revolution, and the situation of armed separatism of workers and peasants gradually formed in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area.

1. Formation of the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army (1) The establishment of the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army As early as December 1931, when the Nanliang guerrillas and the northern Shaanxi guerrillas were resting in Qingyang New Fort, the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China sent Rong Ziqing to the troops to convey the instructions of the provincial party committee: According to the "September 18th" incident, the whole country Due to the rising anti-Japanese and national salvation movement and the changes in the revolutionary situation in the northwest region, the united forces should be reorganized into the "Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army" and go south to the Guanzhong area of ​​Shaanxi to establish a plain base.The Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee at that time was bound by "Left" ideology, and accused Nanliang Lin Jinmiao and his army's activities in Longdong as "pure military speculation." , the density of entrances was extremely thin, the influence of the Great Revolution was not at all, and there was absolutely no way to do anything about it.”4 Therefore, they asked the troops to first develop in Sanshui (now Xunyi), Chunhua, and Zhengning, Gansu, and then move to Shaanxi The Guanzhong Road moved, marched into the plain area near Xi'an, and established the so-called urban Soviet area. ④Limited by this kind of thinking, it was impossible for the united troops to complete the reorganization and reorganization on the spot, and to devote themselves to the struggle to establish the Nanliang base area. year time.

At the end of December 1931, the Nanliang guerrilla detachment and the northern Shaanxi guerrilla detachment left Xinbao and Yuele, followed the instructions of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, went south along the west side of Ziwuling, and defeated the blocking forces of Chen Guizhang's two companies. In early January 1932, the troops arrived and stationed in Chaiqiaozi Village in the northeast of Zhengning County.Here, Xie Zichang presided over a meeting of all soldiers.At the meeting, Rong Ziqing, representative of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, announced the official establishment of the "Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army". Xie Zichang served as secretary, and Liu Zhidan and Rong Ziqing served as committee members.The Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army has two detachments: the first detachment was reorganized from the former Northern Shaanxi guerrilla detachment, and the detachment leader, Shi Chujie, was organized into three brigades and one guard team: the first brigade (Brigade Captain Yan Hongyan), the second brigade (Captain Yang Ding, Vice Captain Wu Daifeng), Third Battalion (Captain Lei Enjun, Vice Captain Chen Yuqing), Guard Team (Captain Bai Xilin); Second Detachment, reorganized from the former Nanliang Guerrilla Brigade, with detachment leader Liu Zhidan , chief of staff Zhu Likai, military supply Ma Xiwu, also organized into three brigades and one guard: the first brigade (commander Zhao Lianbi, deputy brigade Liu Jingfan), the second brigade (brigade leader Yang Peisheng, deputy brigade commander Bai Guanwu) , the third brigade (leader Jia Shengcai, deputy head Gu Jushan), and the guard team (captain Liu Pijie).The two detachments have a total of more than 700 people.In the two detachments, the party's grassroots organization - the party branch - was established to ensure the party's absolute leadership over the troops.

At the inaugural meeting, a flag-giving ceremony was held, and the fifth Bochang, Secretary of the Special Branch of Xunyi County of the Communist Party of China, awarded the military flag.Xie Zichang, Liu Zhidan, and Rong Ziqing all spoke at the conference.The audience was excited and applauded.After the meeting, the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Forces moved to Sanjiayuan in Zhengning, where they were trained and on standby. During the period of training and standby in Sanjiayuan, the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army used various forms of propaganda to the poor peasants to overthrow the local tyrants and evil gentry, implement the agrarian revolution, eradicate feudal exploitation, destroy the feudal regime, and establish the Soviet regime. The Red Army is a team for the poor and is for the poor. Revolutionary principles such as the army in charge of affairs.In addition, the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army had strict discipline, committed no crimes in autumn, and blended with the masses. This made the people of Longdong, who had long suffered from soldiers and bandits and oppression of feudal landlords and gentry, have a good impression of the Northwest Anti-imperialist Allied Army.Many young peasants joined the army one after another.The farmers in Zhengning also expressed their love for the Northwest Anti-imperialist Allied Army and their yearning for the red regime in the form of folk songs:

Twenty years of the Republic of China, The Red Army started with Sanjiayuan. Xie Haoru, ①Liu Zhidan, Hit the local tyrants, divide the land, Focus on doing things for the poor. (2) The occurrence of the Sanjiayuan Incident During the training in Sanjiayuan, there were differences of understanding among the party committee and leaders of the Northwest Anti-Imperial Allied Army on three issues: ① The first issue was about the future course of action of the army.Liu Zhidan advocated that the troops should carry out guerrilla activities in the Baoan, Qingyang, Heshui, and Ganquan areas in the middle of Qiaoshan, and establish revolutionary bases. The enemy’s ruling power here is relatively weak and the scope of activities is large. The party has carried out military operations and armed forces here for several years. Struggle has a certain influence, and the masses are very supportive.As long as the Red Army goes deep into the countryside and mobilizes the masses, it will certainly be able to create a revolutionary base area on the Shaanxi-Gansu border, which in turn will affect the situation in the Northwest and the whole country.Xie Zichang and other comrades advocated implementing the instructions of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and establishing a base in Guanzhong, so that the party would have greater influence and appeal. ②In addition, our party has carried out the Weihua Uprising and the Xunyi Uprising in the Guanzhong area. The mass base is relatively good, and it is easy for our army to mobilize the masses, establish base areas, and expand the red armed forces.

The second question is about the rectification of the troops.Due to the problems of impure thinking, impure organization, and impure style of work in the Northwest Anti-imperialist Allied Army, some hooligans and hooligans were mixed into the first detachment, some of them smoked opium, and some opium smokers were also mixed into the second detachment. ② Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to rectify the army and further reform the army in accordance with the principles of proletarian army building.The leaders have the same understanding on this point, but there are obvious differences on how to rectify and further transform the troops.Xie Zichang and other comrades pointed out that for those troops with complicated and unreliable composition, those who should be disarmed should be disarmed, those who should be disbanded should be disbanded, and those who should be shot should be shot. ③Liu Zhidan disagreed with this. He advocated that education, guidance, and transformation should be the main approach to the rectification of the army, gradually overcome the non-proletarian ideology in the army, gradually raise the class consciousness of cadres and soldiers, and gradually solve the problem of organizational impurity , Take individual clean-up methods to solve individual rogue hooligans who cannot be reformed.After the establishment of the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army, Liu Zhidan successively convened the Party branch meeting of the second detachment and the cadre meeting of each brigade to study and rectify the work of the army, and gradually carried out the cleaning work.During the rectification, the second detachment cleared out more than a dozen hooligans who had mixed into the army, and each gave a donkey to let them go home, ① thus enabling the smooth implementation of the rectification work of the army.

The third question concerns the way the troops are provided with allowances.Xie Zichang proposed that in order to reflect the equality of officers and soldiers and facilitate the expansion of troops, the Northwest Anti-imperialist Allied Forces, regardless of officers and soldiers, will be given a monthly allowance of 20 silver dollars per person.He made a promise on the spot at the founding meeting of the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Forces.Liu Zhidan disagreed with this. He believed that when the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army was established, it had no fixed source of income, and it could only solve the problem of food by beating local tyrants. ②In addition, when Red Army soldiers join the army to fight, they are not mobilized by payment, but by their class consciousness and democratic style.

Most of the debate on these three issues was brought up during the Qingyang Xinbao training, but during the Sanjiayuan training, the issues were not resolved, but the debate became more intense.In fact, during the initial period of the Red Army, debates on these issues occurred to varying degrees in almost every revolutionary base area.For example, in the Jinggangshan Soviet Area and the Central Soviet Area, the relationship between the leaders of the Fourth Red Army revolved around the relationship between the party and the Red Army, the Red Army’s course of action, how to reform the army and correct the party’s non-proletarian thinking, how to purify the ranks, and how to solve the problem of living allowances for the officers and soldiers of the Red Army There have been arguments, and there have been some differences of opinion.These disputes were later systematically resolved by Comrade Mao Zedong at the "Gutian Conference" under the instructions of the "September Letter" of the Party Central Committee.But on the Shaanxi-Gansu border, Du Heng, secretary of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, was based in Xi'an, commanding remotely, attacking and suppressing correct opinions, and stubbornly adhering to and promoting the line of "Left" adventurism. It was impossible to get a timely and correct solution, and finally led to the historical tragedy of the "Sanjiayuan Incident".

The course of the incident is as follows: the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army launched a struggle against local tyrants during their training in Sanjiayuan.In order to solve the year-end supply problem of the second detachment, Zhao Lianbi, the captain of the first team of the second detachment, took some soldiers out to fight local tyrants.In the process of beating local tyrants to raise funds, the target of the attack was inaccurate and the area of ​​attack was too wide. Then, on January 31, at the market in Yonghe Town, Zhengning, it broke the discipline of the masses and caused adverse effects.Xie Zichang was very angry after hearing the news, thinking that Zhao Lianbi's repeated violations of discipline were "bandit behavior", so on the afternoon of February 3, a meeting of party members and cadres of the first detachment was held in Jinzhang Village where he was stationed. Rong Ziqing attended the meeting , Yang Zhongyuan, Yan Hongyan, Bai Xilin, Hu Tingjun, Lei Enjun, etc. did not notify Liu Zhidan and the party members and cadres of the second detachment to participate.The meeting decided to execute Zhao Lianbi and disarm the second detachment. On the morning of February 6 (Spring Festival), Xie Zichang summoned all the officers and men of the army in Nanzhuangzi, where the second detachment was stationed, and killed three people including Zhao Lianbi, Gu Jushan, and a squadron leader of the first brigade on the spot, and wounded two people including Bai Guanwu. All the firearms of the second detachment were handed over, the second detachment was disbanded, the main cadres of the second detachment were dismissed, and Liu Zhidan's pistol was unloaded.This is what has had a great influence on the history of the Shaanxi-Gansu border.The "Sanjiayuan Incident", some books call it "Sanjiayuan handing over guns". The consequences of this incident were extremely serious. It disintegrated the second detachment, and at the same time caused non-party cadres and some of the first detachment to The panic of the soldiers. On that night, Shi Chujie, the captain of the first detachment, led more than 100 people to leave overnight, and soon took refuge in Yang Hucheng, weakening the strength of the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army, and the number of troops dropped from more than 700 to more than 200. The disarmament of the entire army was a wrong way to resolve disputes within the party and the army, which created barriers within the party and the army and left some problems. In order to solve these barriers and leftover problems, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held After the century, some leading cadres who had worked in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area and northern Shaanxi were specially invited to discuss some controversial issues and how to deal with them. Comrades Feng Wenbin and Song Shilun compiled and drafted "On the History of the Northwest Red Army" Report of the Symposium”. The conclusion of the “Report” on the “Sanjiayuan Incident” stated:

"The composition of the troops is not pure, and the work style and discipline are not good. It is necessary to rectify according to the party's army building principles. However, under normal circumstances, the method of some people handing over the guns to others is adopted, especially in the case of Liu (Zhidan) When the two main leaders, Xie (Zichang) and Xie (Zichang) did not reach a consensus, they took the method of surrendering their guns and even killed people. No matter who made the decision, it was wrong, let alone completely correct. Fortunately, many comrades in this team put the overall situation first, persisted in the revolution, and made important contributions to the Northwest Revolution and the development of the Red Army. Comrade Liu Zhidan was an outstanding representative. Half a century has passed since this incident, and the important The leader has passed away, and now the main thing is to seriously sum up experience and lessons, and it is not appropriate to pursue personal responsibility.”①

The General Office of the Central Committee issued a notice on the "Report on the Symposium on the History of the Northwest Red Army" drafted by Comrades Feng Wenbin and Song Shilun, stating: "This "Report" should prevail when discussing issues related to the history of the Northwest Red Army in the future." So far, the historical tragedy of the "Sanjiayuan incident" has been clarified, and the right and wrong have been correctly judged. 2. The establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants During the training period in Sanjiayuan, Xie Zichang tried to negotiate with Yang Hucheng to accept his adaptation. He sent someone to touch Yang Hucheng's attitude through Zhang Hanmin, an underground member of the Communist Party of China and then head of Yang Hucheng's security team. As a result, Yang Hucheng proposed to disarm before adapting Xie Zichang gave up his plan to adapt it. At this time, Li Jiefu, Secretary of the Military Commission of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee (later rebelled), went to the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army to convey the new instructions of the Provincial Party Committee: to reorganize the troops into the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and immediately go south to Weibei after the reorganization is completed. Guerrilla warfare on the plains.Because the "Sanjiayuan Incident" weakened the strength of the army, the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee instructed the Wuzi District and Xunyi underground organizations in Sanyuan County to mobilize more than 100 young poor farmers to join the army and enrich the army. On February 12, 1932, the inaugural meeting of the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was held in Xizuizi Village, Sanjiayuan, Zhengning County.A high platform was set up on the wheat field of Xizuizi, and a huge banner was hung on the platform, which read "Flag Presentation Ceremony of the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrillas of the Red Army of Workers and Peasants of China".The red flags with sickles and axes on both sides of the platform and the flags of various colors complement each other and flutter in the wind.Hundreds of soldiers are all wearing red belts, the spears in their hands are shining with silver light, and the red tassels of the Red Guards' spears are like fire.People from Zhengning and Xunyi came to celebrate with pigs and sheep and played suonas. The whole venue looked majestic and joyful.In this mighty and enthusiastic atmosphere, Li Jiefu, secretary of the Military Committee of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, announced on behalf of the provincial party committee that the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army would be reorganized into the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla Unit of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army, and announced the establishment and list of key cadres of the guerrilla unit.The Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army were headed by Xie Zichang as the commander-in-chief, Li Jiefu as the political commissar, and Yang Zhongyuan as the chief of staff.At this time, Liu Zhidan had left the army and returned to the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee to report to work, so he did not take up the post.The Shaanxi-Gansu Red Army guerrillas had two brigades, a cavalry brigade and a guard brigade: the first brigade (with captain Yan Hongyan, and political commissar Yang Zhongyuan), the second brigade (with brigade leader Wu Daifeng, political commissar Gao Gang), and the guard brigade ( Captain Bai Xilin, political commissar Hu Tingjun), cavalry team (captain Qiang Longguang), there are more than 360 people in the whole army. ①At the same time, the Shaanxi-Gansu Red Army Guerrilla Committee (referred to as the "team committee") was also established with Li Jiefu as its secretary.Party branches have also been established in each brigade.Then the flag-presenting ceremony was held. Fifth Bochang, Secretary of the Xunyi County Party Committee, presented a red flag with the words "Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrillas" to Xie Zichang, the commander-in-chief of the guerrillas. Suddenly, the venue was full of jubilation, and hundreds of people raised their arms and shouted. : "Long live the Communist Party of China", "Long live the Red Army of Workers and Peasants", "Down with local tyrants and evil gentry, carry out agrarian revolution" and other slogans, the sound of slogans lasted for a long time, shaking mountains and rivers.Over the years, many communists have shed their heads, sprinkled their blood, shed blood and sacrificed, all for this solemn and sacred moment today. The long-awaited official Red Army was finally born, and for the first time on the Longdong Plateau Raised the red flag of the workers' and peasants' revolution, how can this not make people extremely excited? The establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army publicly raised the red flag of the Communist Party of China for the first time, and publicly demonstrated the nature and appearance of this army to the masses. Therefore, it is of great significance in the history of the Northwest Red Army. . 3. The Early Armed Struggles of the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrillas of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army (1) The first battle against Shanhe City, the creation of the Sicunyuan guerrilla base On the night of the formal establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla Force of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, the troops left the Sanjia Plain and moved to the Weibei Plain in accordance with the instructions of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee. On February 13, the Red Army's Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas launched an attack on Zhitian Town, Xunyi County, Shaanxi Province, wiped out the reactionary militia in the town in one fell swoop, and captured Zhitian Town. On February 15, a battalion of the Kuomintang Army, with the cooperation of the reactionary militia groups in Binxian, Xunyi, and Changwu counties, rushed to Zhitian Town in an attempt to suppress the Red Army.According to the enemy's combat plan reported by Li Mingxuan, an underground party member working in the enemy army, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Red Army set up an ambush to attack the enemy in Yangpotou, killing more than 100 enemies, capturing more than 400 enemies, and surrendering more than 400 guns.Then follow the Malan River into the Qiqiaoyuan area at the junction of Dianyi and Chunhua, defeat the Zhaojin militia in Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province, and enter Xiangshan Temple in Yaoxian County.Then it was active in Tongguan (now Tongchuan City), Yijun, and Central (now Huangling).Besieged by the enemy everywhere, the enemy fought more and more, and the territory became smaller and smaller, so it was untenable in the plain area. In mid-March, the Red Army's Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas fought in Weibei, Shaanxi for more than a month, but still failed to complete the task of creating a Soviet area .In this case, the troops returned to the territory of Longdong. On March 18, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Red Army returned to Chaiqiaozi Village in the northeast of Zhengning County to station. At this time in Longdong, the Kuomintang's Shaanxi-Gansu warlords fought fiercely for territory. In November 1931, Yang Hucheng, director of the Tongguan camp of the Kuomintang, sent Sun Weiru, chief of staff and commander of the Seventeenth Division, to Gansu. In December, Sun Bu and Chen Guizhang, who was stationed in Pingliang, led their troops to Lanzhou.Chiang Kai-shek saw that Yang Hucheng's power in Gansu was getting stronger, so he wooed Chen Guizhang to achieve the goal of dividing the forces of the Shaanxi Army and controlling Gansu.As a result, the conflict between Sun Weiru and Chen Guizhang has intensified. In February 1932, Sun Weiru and Yang Ziheng trapped and killed Chen Guizhang in Lanzhou.Chen Guizhang's troops stationed in Lanzhou were disarmed, and Chen's troops stationed in Longdong were also defeated by the Shaanxi army. The remaining forces of Chen's troops retreated to Zhenyuan and Qingyang. In March, Yang Ziheng served as the commander of the Longdong Appeasement Command, and incorporated Chen Guizhang's remnant troops and Haigu's wandering troops.After the defeat of the Chen tribe, stragglers went all over Longdong to ask for food and money, and to extort money.At that time, there were more than 100 remnants of the Chen Department stationed in Zhengning alone, and they distributed 100,000 yuan in food to the Quartet.Farmers in the four townships of Zhengning organized militia groups to fight against food donations and armed themselves for self-defense.For example, in Qiutouyuan, there are three militia groups consisting of the Fifth Society, the Second Fifth Society, and the Nine Eighth Society. In mid-March, officials from the Zhengning County Government of the Kuomintang called for food and money in the Qiutou area, oppressed the masses, and were driven away by the unbearable farmers.At this critical juncture, the news that the Red Army's Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas had returned to Zhengning was like a spring breeze, blowing away the dark clouds that weighed on the poor peasants.A month ago, the work of the Red Army to train and mobilize the masses in the Zhengning area and the strict discipline of the Red Army left an unforgettable impression on the poor peasants. They knew that the Red Army was a team for the poor, a teacher of benevolence and righteousness, and helped the poor resist government oppression. of.So after discussion, the poor peasants sent people to Chaiqiaozi Village to get in touch with the Red Army's Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas.When Xie Zichang, the commander-in-chief of the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Red Army, learned that the impoverished peasants in the southern plains of Zhengning were facing the crisis of bloody suppression by the reactionaries for their spontaneous struggle against grain and donations, he made a decisive decision and changed his original plan to attack Sanshui, Shaanxi. The action plan, immediately make a decision, organize the peasants on the spot, reorganize the spontaneously established peasant militia into the Red Guards, cooperate with the Red Army to attack Shanhe City, establish a red regime, and open up a revolutionary base.For this reason, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrilla headquarters of the Red Army dispatched cavalry to liaise with peasants in various places.On March 19, they jointly attacked Shanhe City.At the same time, internal responses were arranged in the city to prepare for mutiny in the city when the Red Army attacked the city. Shanhe City is the seat of Zhengning County Government of the Kuomintang.There are more than a hundred of Chen Guizhang's remnants and police and security forces stationed, and the terrain is difficult to defend and difficult to attack.In addition, there are two platoons of the KMT living in Pingzi Town, 10 kilometers away from the city, ready to respond at any time. On March 19, the peasants of Sanjiayuan, Sicunyuan, and Qiutouyuan in the Nanyuan area spontaneously armed according to the scheduled plan, broke through the obstacles of the gentry along the way, and crossed mountains and ditches to the west of Shanhe City to gather for orders.At the same time, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Red Army set out from Chaiqiaozi Village and moved to the east of Shanhe City, preparing to form an east-west attack on Shanhe City with the armed forces of the masses.Unexpectedly, the guide lost his way and took the troops to the bank of Kowloon. When he made a detour to return to the attacking position, he missed the scheduled time, which caused the incident to leak and Nei Ying was killed.The peasant armed forces gathered in the west of the city fought alone with the security brigade of the puppet county for a while, and then dispersed on their own.The Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Red Army lost their favorable opportunity to attack the city after arriving in the east of the city, so they hid outside the city for a day, and withdrew from Shanhe City the next night.The first siege of Shanhe City failed. After the failure of the first attack on Shanhe City, the Red Army's Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas withdrew to Sige Tower on the west slope on the evening of the 20th. Xie Zichang convened a team committee here to re-discuss the action plan.According to the actual situation at that time, the meeting made the following decisions: first, to launch guerrilla warfare in the south of Zhengning (including Sanjiayuan, Sicunyuan, Wuqingyuan, and Qiutouyuan) to attack the reactionary forces of the local tyrants, evil gentry and landlords; Second, organize and mobilize the masses, reorganize the militia armed forces spontaneously formed by the masses into the Red Guards, and cooperate with the main Red Army in action; third, immediately implement the program of the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army and launch the Agrarian Revolutionary Movement; Attack Shanhe City; Fifth, create the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Revolutionary Committee and establish a revolutionary base. On March 21, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Red Army came to the Sicunyuan area south of Shanhe City, mobilized the masses, attacked local tyrants, distributed floating wealth, organized peasant associations, red guards, young pioneers, women's associations and other mass organizations to carry out land revolution. struggle.The Red Army posted revolutionary slogans everywhere, held mass meetings, and publicized revolutionary principles to the poor peasants.Xie Zichang and others also personally visited villages and households, visited the poor and asked the poor, and did the work of the masses. A rising revolutionary situation appeared in the Sicunyuan area.After many mobilizations and preparations, on March 22, 1932, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army’s Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla Headquarters, poor peasants in dozens of villages from Wuqingyuan in the east to Shangnanpotou in the west Five or six hundred activists convened a farmers' congress in Xinzhuangzi, elected the Sicunyuan Revolutionary Committee, elected Li Jiefu as the chairman (concurrently) of the Revolutionary Committee, and Zhang Jinyuan and Tang Guirong as vice-chairmen.According to Li Zhihe, who was in charge of the clerical work of the Revolutionary Committee of Tera Village at that time, recalled: "On the twentieth day of March, a meeting was held in the Temple of Xinzhuangzi Mountain. There were five or six hundred people, all of whom were from the surrounding villages. At the meeting, Xie Haoru spoke first, and the content was probably to propagate the truth of the revolution. After the election, the chairman was elected. No one in the crowd spoke. Later, Xie proposed on stage that Zhang Jinyuan be the chairman and Tang Guirong the vice-chairman. The crowd agreed unanimously. After the election, Zhang Jinyuan spoke on stage. A few words made everyone laugh. After the establishment of the Sicunyuan Revolutionary Committee, Zhang Jinyuan lived in Xiwa, Zhang and Tang also lived here, and there were five or six Red Guards standing guard with spears every night." ① Before and after this, the general headquarters of the Red Guard Army in Teramura was also declared to be established, Du Xingbang.He served as the commander-in-chief, and Gong Shixin and Zhang Jinxuan were appointed as the deputy commander-in-chief. The Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas also led the masses in the Nanyuan area to destroy the feudal forces and crack down on the counter-revolutionary activities of the feudal landlord class. In late March, the Red Army guerrillas held a mass meeting in Gouren Temple to try the gentry Zhao Yuanheng and Gong Degong. All the soldiers of the Shaanxi-Gansu Red Army guerrillas, the Red Guards, and the poor peasants attended the meeting, and the number of participants reached more than 1,000.The temple was full of people, and the red flags of the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas and Red Guards were planted all around the venue, creating a solemn atmosphere.At the meeting, the crimes of Zhao Yuanheng and Gong Degong were announced, and the two vicious and insidious feudal gentry were immediately executed. The broad masses of the people applauded.On the basis of combating the feudal forces, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas further mobilized the masses and initially carried out an agrarian revolution movement of attacking local tyrants and dividing their land. Sheep and livestock were allocated to poor local farmers.At the same time, the cavalry of the Shaanxi-Gansu Red Army guerrillas also went to villages and towns such as Yonghe, Yongle in Bin County, Beibei and Dimiao in Xunyi to arrest local tyrants and evil gentry and confiscate their property.The guerrillas are still confiscating the land of the gentry and landlords in the Wuqingyuan area and distributing it to poor peasants. However, because the agrarian revolution in the Shaanxi-Gansu border is still in its infancy, they lack experience and mobilize the masses insufficiently. Therefore, the work of distributing land has not been very successful. . (2) The second attack on Shanhe City In order to further expand the guerrilla base in Sicunyuan, on April 1, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with the cooperation of the local Red Guards and the masses, launched a battle to attack Shanhe City.This siege operation was so powerful that it shocked the enemy.root Li Zhihe, who participated in the battle at that time, recalled: "A lot of people went this time, guerrillas, Red Guards, and the masses, about a thousand people! All the troops participated. The Red Guards and the masses came with earthen guns, poles, farm tools, etc. Setting off one night, Xie Haoru led the troops to set off from Xinzhuangzi and go down the river along the Clover Mountain, passing through Liujiagou, Zhangjiaping, Liujia The shop went up to Lujia Yayao. Under the leadership of Du Xingbang, the Red Guards went along Xiejiachuan and Shijiawanzi Shangyuan to Yang and Gong Erpan. I followed Gong Shixin at that time. Our Red Guards and the masses lived here , the guerrillas continued to advance to the vicinity of the county seat, hiding around the Temple of the God of Wealth on the east side of the city.”① On April 13, the Red Army's Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas launched an attack from the east, south, and northeast of the city at the same time.After the battle started, the enemy army penetrated into the city and resisted stubbornly with the solid fortifications. The two sides faced off for a day.The next day, the troops continued to attack the city, and in the afternoon, the enemy's cavalry company stationed in the early victory came to reinforce after hearing the news.The enemy cunningly rushed towards the Red Army guerrillas around the north of Shanhe City.The Red Army quickly retreated to the west slope. When the enemy rushed to Aoli on the west slope, the Red Army guerrillas suddenly killed a carbine. In the afternoon of the 16th, our army withdrew to Sicunyuan.”② In this battle, the Red Army and the Red Guards were unable to conquer Shanhe City due to lack of experience and equipment for siege, and the enemy's castle was strong and easy to defend, but the strong manpower and material resources mobilized and organized by the Red regime were overwhelming. The new phenomenon that had never appeared in the revolutionary struggle in the Shaanxi-Gansu border dealt a heavy blow to the Kuomintang reactionaries, making the enemy terrified and restless. After the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army withdrew to the Sicunyuan guerrilla base, they received information from the underground party organization in Xunyi County, reporting that the Kuomintang troops in Xunyi County were lax and careless.Xie Zichang decided to attack Xunyi County by surprise, and the enemy was caught off guard. On April 17, the Red Army guerrilla team won a complete victory in the long-distance attack, captured Xunyi County, and wiped out two enemy companies and more than 300 reactionary militias.Since then, under the leadership of Xie Zichang, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas continued to carry out guerrilla warfare in the Zhengning and Xunyi areas at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu, and expanded their guerrilla bases.At this time, Xie Zichang and most of the cadres of the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas had gradually come to the same understanding as Liu Zhidan about the Red Army's course of action from the positive and negative experiences and lessons: going south to the Guanzhong Plain would only ruin the Red Army guerrillas. Only by persisting in guerrilla warfare in the Ziwuling area on the Shaanxi-Gansu border can the Red Army be consolidated and expanded, and the Agrarian Revolution won. Du Heng, secretary of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, told Xie Zichang and the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army that they refused to implement the "Left" opportunist instructions of the Provincial Party Committee, and instead of going south to the Guanzhong Plain, they insisted on carrying out guerrilla warfare in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area and establishing base areas. Action greatly annoyed. In late April, Du Heng personally came to the Shangan-Gansu guerrilla camp in Xunyi, and criticized Xie Zichang and other leading cadres of the Red Army guerrillas, saying that they had committed the "Rightist opportunist line", "Shaoshan doctrine", and "escape route". He made a serious mistake and revoked Xie Zichang's position as the commander-in-chief of the Red Army guerrillas, and sent him to the Jingyuan Prince Yuanbu in Gansu to engage in military transportation. In early and late May, Xie Zichang went through untold hardships and led two uprisings in Jingyuan. ", but ultimately failed. In July, Xie Zichang returned to the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee to report on his work. After Xie Zichang left the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla Army, Du Heng took the troops to Majiabao in Xunyi County, where he announced the withdrawal of the General Headquarters of the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and organized the troops into two divisions, the third detachment and the fifth detachment. detachment.Since he neither knew the work of the army nor was able to fight and command the troops, he sent Liu Zhidan back to the army.After the division of the troops, Liu Zhidan served as the leader of the third detachment, and Wu Daifeng served as the chief of staff; Yan Hongyan, the leader of the fifth detachment, and Yang Zhongyuan, the chief of staff.Each detachment established a party organization separately, and the team committee also disintegrated.Subsequently, the third detachment and the fifth detachment dispersed.The third detachment advanced into Xifu and fought guerrillas in Yongshou, Liquan, Qianxian, and Binxian areas; the fifth detachment went south to Guanzhong to operate in the Wuzi district of Sanyuan. At the beginning of May, the Kuomintang army concentrated six regiments to attack the Red Army's Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas.The third and fifth detachments were unable to break through the enemy's attack due to scattered operations and lack of unified command. In early May, the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee ordered the third detachment and the fifth detachment to move to the Shaanxi-Gansu border area. On the 10th, the third detachment and the fifth detachment assembled in Qingshuiyuan, Xunyi.In order to solve the problem of unified command, the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee decided to restore the General Headquarters of the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.Liu Zhidan was the commander-in-chief, and Li Jiefu was the political commissar, who unified the combat operations of the third detachment and the fifth detachment. At this time, the enemy's army was under pressure, and the situation was tense.In order to avoid fighting head-on with the enemy, Liu Zhidan commanded the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas to turn to the northeast with flexible guerrilla tactics of attacking east and west and avoiding reality. From May 15th to 17th, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas raided Malan Town and Fenghuang Mountain, annihilating four enemy companies and two local militias, handing in more than 600 guns, and fought a beautiful battle of annihilation, unveiling the anti-advancement and suppression campaign. prelude.Then, the Red Army guerrillas operated in the central part (now Huangling), Yijun, Luochuan, and Fuxian (now Fuxian) where the enemy's strength was weak. More than 1,200 firearms were seized.By the end of May, the enemy's advance and suppression was broken, and the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas had grown to more than 1,500 people. 4. The convening of the Liangzhangbao Conference and the Correction of the Mistake of "North and South Separation" At this time, Du Heng, Secretary of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, who carried out the "Left" erroneous line, interfered more and more seriously with the work of the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas.Regardless of reality, he forced the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas to give up the favorable opportunity to establish and expand base areas in the rural areas of the Shaanxi-Gansu border area, and to establish a base area in Hancheng, Shaanxi. In June, the Red Army guerrillas moved to Hancheng.In the Battle of Ganquan Linzhen, the troops suffered a lot of losses. "Then our army entered the plain area of ​​the White District to fight in the Hancheng area. The local people have a good foundation and have experience in fighting the enemy. Once the enemy sent More than 40 plainclothes spies came, all of which were captured by the Red Guards and sent to our army. The enemy then sent a brigade to besiege. On the plain where guerrilla warfare is not convenient, we encountered an enemy with superiority, and we finally fought The battle was defeated with heavy casualties. Due to the failure of the Yushan battle in Hancheng, the Red Army guerrillas were forced to return to Mazizhang, Ning County, Gansu. At this time, there were only more than 300 troops left (more than 200 people in the third detachment, and more than 200 people in the fifth detachment. More than a hundred people)." "Many old comrades who have fought together for many years will never see each other again! This battle has caused many comrades to be dissatisfied with the leadership, and some people have become pessimistic and disappointed." ② During the rest period in the area of ​​Mazizhang in Ning County, the issue of the next step of the army's action policy was once again brought up on the agenda, and once again caused serious differences among the leaders of the Red Army's Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas.For this reason, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Red Army held a team committee in Ningju Mazizhang to discuss the next course of action.At the meeting, Li Jiefu (political commissar of the guerrillas, who later defected), Huang Ziwen (director of the political department of the guerrillas) and others proposed that the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas should go south to Guanzhong to fight guerrillas in the Wuzi area of ​​Sanyuan and establish a base area. Easy to develop.Liu Zhidan disagreed with the troops going south. He still advocated relying on the Ziwuling mountainous area on the Shaanxi-Gansu border to carry out guerrilla warfare on the spot.The reasons are: "First, the Ziwuling and Qiaoshan Mountains have a vast area, and there is a lot of room for maneuver; second, the enemy's ruling power is weak. Our army guards the Shaanxi-Gansu border area and can attack northern Shaanxi in the east, and enter Longdong in the west; third, we can expand Cavalry, use cavalry to cooperate in combat." At the meeting, the two sides were in dispute, and Li Jiefu and Huang Ziwen proposed: I hope those who go south will follow them, and those who go north will follow Liu Zhidan. ③Finally, a decision was made to act separately.Liu Zhidan disagreed with the "separation of families between the north and the south". He repeatedly said that we should not get angry because of one or two defeats. The troops should act in unison and go to the mountains to rest and prepare for another battle.But Liu Zhidan's opinion was not adopted by Li Jiefu and Huang Ziwen.After the meeting, Li Jiefu and Huang Ziwen led the troops who were willing to go south to live in another village, and prepared to act separately. , At this moment, Yan Hongyan led more than a hundred people from the five detachments to rest in the area of ​​Liangzhang Fort, which is only a few kilometers away from Mazizhang.在群众的口中，阎红彦得知陕甘游击队将要分开行动的消息，他认为如果这件事处理不好，可能造成部队的分裂，后果是严重的。于是他分别找到了刘志丹和李杰夫谈话，明确表示自己同意刘志丹同志的意见，部队应留在陕甘边区开展游击战争，保卫和扩大寺村塬游击根据地。这时，原来主张分家南下的一部分同志也在刘志丹、阎红彦等人的耐心说服下逐步改变了态度，认识到“南北分家”不利于党的利益，对部队危害很大。于是，陕甘游击队又一次召开了队委会，讨论部队的行动方针问题。会议经过认真的讨论，作出了以桥山山脉为侬托，就地开展游击活动，伺机再向南向北发展的决定。在这次会上还在组织人事上作了变动，推选阎红彦为红军陕甘游击队总指挥。将原来的第三支队和第五支队改编为两个步兵大队和一个骑兵大队。第一大队由高山保任大队长，黄子文任政委；第二大队由刘志丹任大队长兼政委，副大队长吴岱峰；骑兵大队由强龙光任大队长，全军共约300余人。 梁掌堡会议，纠正和克服了“南北分家”的错误倾向，确定了就地在陕甘边地区开展游击斗争的行动方针。由于这次会议的召开，“后来分家没有成为事实，没有造成部队分裂的严重后果。当时，刘志丹、阎红彦两同志都反对'分家'，对于纠正这一错误，都作出了自己的贡献。”① 梁掌堡会议后，李杰夫回省委汇报工作，陕甘游击队在宁县盘克塬一带休整补充，开展游击活动。 五、西华池起义的爆发，红军陕甘游击队的扩大 西华池是甘肃合水县西部的重镇，位于庆阳和宁县之间的交通要道上。1932年春，国民党军队为进攻和防范陕甘游击队，将陆军新编第十一旅石英秀部从宁夏调入陇东，分别驻防在庆阳、合水、华池一带。但由于我党早在大革命失败后就在该部开展兵运工作，刘志丹、谢子长也曾在该部活动过，并派大批党团员和进步青年进入该部，因此该部中党的基础较好，地下党员已开始控制和掌握了一部分部队，党的负责人李树林任一团一连连长，驻合水；高鹏飞任特务营一连连长，驻西华池，他们随时准备发动起义，加入红军。 6月，谢子长在靖远起义失败后，途经宁夏隆德县城，委托地下党员杨林、高昆山，郝维新、高照璧前往该部协助地下党组织发动武装起义。杨林、高昆山等四人来到国民党军十一旅后，了解到高鹏飞所在的特务营举行武装起义最为有利，因为该营营长带一个连驻庆阳，两个连驻守西华池，其中高鹏飞掌握的一连，人枪齐全，战斗力强，全连的班长以上干部和连部勤杂人员多数为地下党员，可以控制局势。西华池又接连宁县盘克塬，便于红军陕甘游击队的接应，起义成功的把握性大。于是他们就来到西华池找高鹏飞等人商量起义事宜。高鹏飞也认为起义条件已经具备，遂派地下党员宋廷璧（时任班长）持信到宁县盘克塬一带找红军陕甘游击队取得联系，刘志丹、阎红彦当即表示赞同该部立即起义，并部署陕甘游击队准备接应起义部队。刘志丹在回信中还嘱咐起义一定要慎重行事，如果条件不成熟不可盲目行动。在起义过程中要周密部署，保汪起义行动的万无一失。 在得到陕甘游击队领导人刘志丹、阎红彦的明确指示后，高鹏飞立即召开地下党支部会议，具体研究起义计划，参加会议的有高鹏飞、曹胜勇（二排长）、杨林、苏杰儒和一位司务长等人。会议决定起义日期就定在7月9日，各支委分头负责准备起义的部署工作，高鹏飞负责全面的指挥工作，曹胜勇负责准备武器弹药供应及部队兵力的调配工作，司务长负责筹集粮款和后勤供应。任务明确以后，各支委分头行动，在部队中秘密开始了起义的各项准备工作。 7月9日，高鹏飞为稳住营部，确保起义计划的顺利实施，到营部与敌副营长一起打麻将，麻痹和迷惑敌人。其他同志按支委会的原定计划积极行动，部署起义工作。下午出操前，曹胜勇和苏杰儒把一连集合起来，正式向全连作了起义动员，得到了全连官兵的热烈响应。然后率一连突入操场，出其不意地缴了二连全体官兵的枪，并命令二连全体官兵在操场集合待命。与此同时，杨林、郝维新带一连连部勤杂人员10余人，迅速突袭营部，和高鹏飞一起解除了敌副营长及营部人员的武装，高鹏飞来到操场上，郑重宣布特务营一、二连170余名官兵正式起义。在场官兵一致鼓掌，表示热烈拥护。高鹏飞接着又宣布了几条军事纪律，并对起义部队进行临时整编。整个起义工作井然有序地进行，起义官兵作好了开赴盘克塬的准备工作。天黑以后，高鹏飞下令部队出发，起义部队浩浩荡荡向盘克塬开去。10日下午，起义部队在盘克塬畔与前来接应的红军陕甘游击队骑兵大队会合后，继续前进。夜晚，起义部队与陕甘游击队正式会师，并举行大会，共同庆祝西华池起义的伟大胜利。 西华池起义是我党在陕甘地区取得的第一次武装起义的胜利。这次起义整整瓦解了国民党军两个连的兵力，170余名起义官兵参加了红军陕甘游击队，壮大和充实陕甘游击队，对西北反动军阀给予了沉重的打击，影响甚大。这次起义的成功，一方面是我党在国民党军中长期开展兵运工作的结果，另一方面也正说明了起义的成功和通过起义创造红军的行动离不开工农运动的支持和配合。以往的起义由于缺乏这种配合和支持因而失败了。西华池起义是在寺村塬游击根据地已经建立，陕甘红军游击队已经在宁县、正宁一带开展土地革命斗争和发动农民运动的情况下发生的，因而这次起义就能同南方的武装起义一样创造出正式的红军来。事实上后来在照金苏区建立后，耀县起义即使在遭到失败的情况下，起义军余部也能避免被敌消灭的危险，进入苏区，参加红军。这一切都说明了一个道理，只有在工农运动广泛开展的基础上，用起义方式创造红军的努力才能获得成功。 六、红军陕甘游击队保卫寺村塬游击根据地战斗的失利 西华池起义胜利后，陕甘游击队和起义部队一同开赴寺村塬游击根据地的湫头、南邑一带休整，在游击根据地群众的掩护和支持下，陕甘游击队逐渐恢复了战斗力，这时，中国工农红军陕甘游击队队委会决定将西华池起义部队增编为第三大队，高鹏飞任大队长。此时全军人数达到500余人。 7月下旬，李艮受陕西省委之命，来到寺村塬游击根据地巡视。此时，陕西省委书记杜衡对陕甘游击队继续坚持实行在陕甘边区开展游击战争，巩固和扩大寺村塬游击根据地的行动方针非常不满。他根本不了解实际情况，武断地认为红军陕甘游击队内部存在着机会主义领导问题。李艮临行前，杜衡交给李艮的任务是：“为了实现游击战争，创造北方新苏区的历史任务，彻底转变陕甘新苏区的机会主义领导，以创造陕甘新苏区与二十六军的问题。”①这个任务本身就反映了杜衡对陕甘游击队领导人员的极度不信任态度，表现了省委脱离实际的“左”倾冒险主义倾向。受这种思想的影响，李艮来到寺村塬游击根据地后，加紧全面地贯彻执行“左”倾冒险主义方针。 首先，李艮不顾将面临敌军进攻的威胁，不去进行反“围剿”的准备和部署，而是在正宁南邑连续六、七天召开干部会议，批判所谓的“机会主义领导”和“反革命阴谋的问题”，空谈创造新苏区与二十六军的计划。这场斗争的矛头主要是针对刘志丹等同志的各项正确主张。对不同意的压制，造成人心惶惶，使寺村塬游击根据地内和陕甘游击队内的政治空气变得极不正常。 其次，李艮在土地革命斗争中推行“左”的方针，不顾客观条件，强令在五顷塬一带打土豪分田地的干部和战士，必须在二十天内将分配土地的工作完成。由于农民的思想觉悟尚未提商到这种程度，加之当时是在一个地广人稀的区域进行的，农民对土地的要求情绪是不高的，@这样，就不能组织和发动农民群众深入开展土地革命。支援革命斗争，以保卫红色政权和根据地，相反，还引起了农民的恐慌。 再次，李艮为了排除障碍，在组织上采取宗派主义的手段。由于对陕甘游击队党组织的不信任，他又在游击队中重新组织了一个“秘密队委会”，企图以此采取代陕甘游击队党委的领导，从组织上解决“反革命阴谋分子”的问题。 正当陕甘游击队内部因“左”倾冒险主义的错误路线而搞得人人自危，空气紧张的时候，国民党反动派却开始对寺村塬游击根据地进行反革命的“围剿”。国民党一个团的兵力利用红军未作任何反“围剿”部署之机，进占了从湫头塬到寺村塬周围的村庄要道，切断了两地交通，加固了王郎坡寨子，做好了“围剿”根据地的军事部署。直到这时李艮才意识到敌情的严重程度，才认识到五顷塬、寺村塬一带的游击根据地有丧失的危险，在这种情况下，李艮才命令红军游击队迎击敌军的进剿。 但是，李艮没有反“围剿”斗争的指挥能力和实际经验。在强敌进攻面前，他先是主张强攻敌军据点。8月13日，李良强令红军陕甘游击队攻克王郎坡寨子据点，拔除敌军插在苏区内的钉子。由于王郎坡据点三面环沟，易守难攻，据点内又有一个连的敌军把守，粮弹充沛，外有援军的支援，红军取胜毫无把握。在李艮的强迫命令下，红军陕甘游击队冒着敌人的密集火力的猛烈狂射，步骑配合，死打硬拼，围攻两天未能取胜，部队伤亡60余人，只好在16日撤出战斗，转移到三嘉塬一带待命。 这时，如果红军游击队打出外线，发挥自己的优势，避敌锋芒，击其虚弱，在活动中调动敌人，歼灭敌军一部，粉碎敌军进剿的希望还是存在着的。但是，李艮又把巩固根据地的方针单纯地理解为军事上的死守。在这种思想的支配下，李艮命令红军游击队进至五顷塬集结。但没等完成部署，即遭尾追之敌猛攻，部队仓促应战，伤亡30余人，阵地被突破，只好边打边撤，死守五顷塬战斗失利，部队又退至三嘉塬地区。19日早晨，敌军分兵三路，合击三嘉塬地区，企图彻底消灭红军陕甘游击队。陕甘游击队在敌军的合围下，奋力拼杀，后巧借大雾，突出重围。突围后，部队转移到旬邑县马栏镇，全军只剩下200余人。 至此，红军陕甘游击队在“左”倾冒险主义方针的错误指挥下，三战三败，部队损失惨重。由于丧失了在陕甘边区开辟的第一个游击根据地——寺村塬游击根据地，部队失去了后方依托，得不到充分的休整和补充，处处被动，处境险恶。此后，李艮离开了红军陕甘游击队，回陕西省委汇报工作。1933年2月，李艮去陕南奉命组建红二十九军，任红二十九军政委。4月遭敌杀害，英勇牺牲。李艮在陕甘游击队所犯的错误是严重的，但这种错误不应由李艮一人承担，而应该看成是陕西省委推行“左”倾冒险主义错误的必然结果。 1932年8月底，陕西省委仍然强凋改造游击队的“右倾机会主义领导”问题，为此，撤消了阎红彦的总指挥职务，重派埘子长回陕甘游击队任总指挥，刘志丹任副总指挥。部队稍事休整后，进入耀县照金一带活动。9月20日，国民党军何高侯部及富平、同官、耀县三县的民团分三路再次前来“围剿”陕甘游击队，企图将红军消灭于耀县照金地区，情况十分严重。谢子长率领部队转战照金、淳化、正宁、保安等地，由于数月转战，连战失利，部队疲惫不堪，无法休整补充、伤病员无法安置，困难重重。10月，陕甘游击队退至南梁平定川、豹子川一带。当时，由于连续作战，部队伤亡严重。加之时值深秋，天气寒冷，伤病员大增，红军缺衣少药，无法医疗。部队住在烂窑洞里，衣衫单薄，粮食无着，武器残缺，弹药缺乏，士气低落，陕甘游击队面临严重的困难局面。为了克服困难，谢子长在莲花寺主持召开了中共陕甘游击队队委会，决定分散外出活动，渡过难关，发展革命力量。这次会议后，陕甘游击队分兵四路，刘志丹带领一个大队70余人到合水拓儿塬一带活动；杨森、黄子文带领60余人，到陕西三原县武字区活动；阎红彦、杨仲远带领骑兵大队到陕西耀县一带活动。谢子长、吴岱峰率30余人，留在南梁平定川、豹子川一带的梢山，照料高鹏飞等60余名伤病员。 这时候，寒冬来临。谢子长带领的伤病员在南梁梢林里处境十分困难。“他们穿的是破棉袄，有的披的是破被子，有的用烂毡片或烂羊皮裹着腿，包着脚。晚上西北风刮来，象冷水浇身，在这时要移动，还得等出太阳的白天才行。钻在废窑洞里还是挡不住寒冷，就打些柴来烧着烤火，等柴火把地皮烤热的时候，就把柴火挪动一个地方，大家轮流在烤热的地皮上睡觉。”① 就这样，英雄的红军终于熬过了冬天，克服了困难。经过近两个月的分兵游击，发动群众打土豪，陕甘游击队筹集到大量粮款物资，部队恢复了战斗力。12月上旬，分兵出击的各路游击队在合水县黑木塬会合，部队士气高涨，求战心切。12月中旬，中国工农红军陕甘游击队再出桥山，南下渭北，迎接更加艰巨的任务。