Chapter 9 "To the Warriors of the Third World War"

"Dedicated to the Warriors of the Third World War" is a relatively popular "handwritten poem" during the "Cultural Revolution".This political fantasy poem epitomizes the fanaticism of the old Red Guards at that time.The background of this poem is the extreme worship of Mao Zedong by the whole society. "People's Daily" continuously publishes large-scale photos and deeds of people all over the world who love Mao Zedong and hold quotations and portraits of Chairman Mao in full-length columns. Victory in the revolutionary wars in South Vietnam, India, Burma, and Thailand came frequently. In May 1968, a widespread student movement broke out in Western Europe and North America. Barricades were built on the streets of Paris, and there was a series of "bloody struggles" with the military and police ("People's Daily") for eight days, using sticks, stones, and Molotov cocktails... The movement spread to cities such as New York, Bonn and Rome.A quote from Chairman Mao was posted on the streets of Rome: "We will oppose whatever the enemy supports." The whole of China was ecstatic about this. On May 25, 17 million people across the country held a massive demonstration in solidarity with Western Europe, North American People's Struggle. "People's Daily" carried an article saying: U.S. imperialism and all pests "they will not be buried for too long."

Not only the fanatical middle school students, but also many people in the society at that time were convinced that they were living in an era when "imperialism is heading for total collapse and socialism is heading for worldwide victory."Some rebel organizations at that time were named: World Revolutionary Red Guard Rebel Headquarters, International Red Guard Chinese Detachment. There is a paragraph of the highest instruction, which had a great influence on the young people at that time: "Our generation of young people will personally participate in the battle to bury imperialism. There is a long way to go. Chinese youth with ambition and aspirations must strive for the completion of our great Strive for the historical mission throughout our lives. For our great historical mission, our generation must make up our minds and work hard for the rest of our lives.”

"Dedicated to the Warriors of the Third World War" is a warm and unrealistic romantic fantasy for the completion of this historical mission.Its appearance is not accidental, and it has a huge background of social thoughts.In order to give readers a broad understanding of the background of the poem "To the Warriors of the Third World War", it is necessary to give a brief introduction to the actions of some Chinese Red Guards who crossed the border to carry out the "world revolution". In September 1966, a meeting of the Red Guards was held in the auditorium of the CPPCC National Committee.At this meeting, Zhao Jianjun and Ren Rehe, sophomore students from Beijing No. 100 Middle School (which is actually a pilot preparatory school), met Sun Zhizhong, a sophomore student from Beijing No. 56 Middle School, and Qu Shaodong from the Affiliated Middle School of Beijing Aviation Academy. up.Then, they introduced Wang Jusheng, Li Xiaoqian and other six friends they made in the "connection" and rebellion one by one.

Zhao Jianjun pointed out that the Red Guards should not only take up pens to criticize the old world, but also take up real guns and knives to "bury the emperor's revisionists."Ren Rehe, a big man with a height of 1.82 meters, is the "elder" among these people.He believed that after Chairman Mao received the Red Guards, the flames of the "Cultural Revolution" had spread all over the country. If the Red Guards wanted to continue to be the vanguard on the revolutionary road, they should go to the international stage to experience the wind and rain and see the world.So where to go?Ten people thought of Vietnam in unison.Since the establishment of the National Liberation Front in South Vietnam more than five years ago, the guerrilla warfare there has become more and more fierce and bigger and bigger.Domestic newspapers and radio reported the guerrilla's achievements almost every day, which made them feel itchy—"Yes, go to South Vietnam and show off your skills in the jungle guerrilla warfare!"

Ten people started the tense and simple preparations for departure.Each bought a compass, and every night learned to take his bearings by the constellations at night.Ask someone to teach a few necessary Vietnamese words, and memorize the words "comrade" and "hand in your gun but not kill" by heart.Zhao Jianjun got a military map showing the Sino-Vietnamese border from nowhere.Wang Jusheng and Li Xiaoqian purchased bread and a dozen catties of sugar.Ren Rehe and Sun Zhizhong brought a few sharp daggers for self-defense.It was late autumn at that time, and everyone didn't care about the cold weather and cold water. They went to the Summer Palace and Bayi Lake several times a week to practice weight-bearing swimming.

On October 30, these ten Red Guards stuffed all their belongings into their backpacks, took dozens of dollars and more than a hundred catties of food coupons, and boarded the train from Beijing to Nanning. Before departure, no one told their parents, not even a change of clothes. Before leaving, ten people jointly wrote a letter to Premier Zhou, expressing that they "are not afraid of dying on the battlefield". Zhao Jianjun spread out his diary and wrote: "Goodbye, elderly parents, I will come back to see you on the day of Vietnam's reunification!" They were detained in Pingxiang on the Guangxi border and sent back to Beijing.Only Zhao Jianjun, Ren Rehe, Sun Zhizhong, and Qu Shaodong finally crossed the border, traveled through the jungle, and went deep into Vietnam.

On the road to Hanoi, four people stopped a truck and kept saying: "Ba Dinh, Ba Dinh." The Vietnamese driver immediately understood that the four Chinese were going to Ba Dinh Square in Hanoi.Bating Square is like the Tiananmen Square that Chinese people are familiar with.As soon as Zhao Jianjun, Ren Rehe, Sun Zhizhong, and Qu Shaodong got into the car, they fell asleep soundly despite the violent shaking of the car. At 10 o'clock in the evening the next day, Hanoi arrived.Through the street lights, they saw Ba Dinh Square, the Chairman's Palace and the anti-aircraft guns hidden behind the trees.

There were few pedestrians on the street, and the four asked for directions in a few Vietnamese words they had learned. After a lot of trouble, they finally came to the Chinese embassy.Looking at the five-star red flag on the embassy, ​​they were both happy and frustrated.Just thinking about it, the second secretary of the embassy came out, shook their hands affectionately and said, "Welcome! Welcome! You are home." Zhao Jianguo and Ren Rehe described the process of crossing the border to Ambassador Zhu Qiwen, and then repeated tirelessly: "We must go to South Vietnam. No matter how far the road is or how difficult it is, we will persevere." Ambassador Zhu was a little excited after hearing this, According to these dolls, it can be calculated that they only ate one meal in three days.While telling the chef to prepare the meal quickly, he patiently persuaded them to rest for a few days and wait for the embassy to ask for instructions from China.

The next morning, I heard from the comrades in the embassy that Ambassador Zhu specially made an appointment with the Vietnamese Prime Minister for this matter and expressed his apology to the Vietnamese side.Only then did the four young people feel the seriousness of the problem, and they were restless all day long. On November 8, confidential officials from the embassy suddenly broke into their room. "There is good news, hurry to the ambassador's office!" It turned out that Premier Zhou Enlai had called.According to the recollections of Ren Rehe and Qu Shaodong, the general idea of ​​the telegram is as follows:

Ambassador Zhu also told the four young revolutionaries: They went to Vietnam without the approval of both China and Vietnam, which made us feel embarrassed.But their spirit of aiding Vietnam and resisting the United States is commendable.It is recommended to go to our Vietnam aid troops to exercise for a period of time, and return to China when the troops are rotated.If Chairman Hu receives the revolutionary young general, please accompany the ambassador.In addition, please report their birth, name, family and address together.This case is no exception. After several days of intensive training, Zhao Jianjun and Sun Zhizhong were assigned to the 2nd Division of the 316th Brigade, and Ren Rehe and Qu Shaodong were assigned to the 2nd Division of the 320th Brigade.All four are reserve bombers.

After two months of training, the division commander approved their participation in the war.That night, Zhao Jianjun submitted an application for joining the party to the party branch of the company. On January 19, 1967, the sky was clear.At 9:00 a.m., the command post received a notification from the enemy that the US aircraft carrier was moving north, and a "large attack wave" might appear in the Wen County defense zone.At 4:11 p.m., the harsh air defense siren shredded the air, and the ground trembled slightly. More than 20 enemy planes rushed towards the traffic line.In order to overwhelm the firepower of the anti-aircraft artillery, four F-105 Ray formula planes bombarded our artillery positions frantically. After the battle, the second, third, and fifth gunners fell in a pool of blood on the first squad of gunners, and the reserve gunner Zhao Jianjun fell on the inside of the gun wheel with his face covered in mud and blood.On his sweaty face, a pair of dull eyes stared into the distance... After Zhao Jianjun died, the division party committee decided to ratify him as a formal member of the Communist Party of China and posthumously record second-class merit.The General Political Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army sent a telegram to all aid troops, calling on all commanders and fighters to learn from the martyr Zhao Jianjun. Soon, Zhao Jianjun’s parents received a souvenir from the army their son was in: a small plane made from the wreckage of an American-made F-105 plane was placed in a box made of plexiglass.On the base paved with colored stones from Vietnam, a line of small characters is engraved.It reads: "Heroes of fathers and heroes of children". Zhao Jianjun's father is the commander of a certain unit of our army, and his mother is also an army cadre.Two experienced veterans wrote back a letter to the troops with tears in their eyes: "...Jianjun is our most beloved eldest son. We are old, and the organization will not approve returning to the front. It is up to you to avenge the martyrs and millions of Vietnamese people. Children, bravely Let's fight! We will wait for your victory on the day of Vietnam's reunification." A few months later, the two elders sent Zhao Jianjun's younger brother, Zhao Dianjun, to the army where his brother had fought.63 kilometers south of Friendship Pass, the younger brother placed a splendid wreath in front of the elder brother's tomb. After many years, when the last note was gradually sinking in the mountains and jungles on the other side of the border, someone read the statistics of relevant departments in an old file: in June 1969, due to various reasons, they crossed the border to participate in the There are more than 300 Red Guards in the guerrillas of the Communist Party of Burma. Their hometowns include Kunming, Baoshan, Luxi, Tengchong, and Shidian in Yunnan, and Kunming educated youths account for slightly half of them.There are also a small number of educated youths from Beijing and Sichuan who belonged to the Construction Corps. In the book "The Last Note", Huang Yao recalled the cross-border operation that year and wrote: In the spring of 1969, some mountain ethnic youths (they went out of the country for a few days, and when they returned to China, they wore brand-new grass-green guerrilla uniforms of the Communist Party of Burma, with a red five-star made of thin felt embedded in the middle of the military cap), brought a "Constitution of the Communist Party of Burma".This mimeographed "Party Constitution" quickly spread among intellectual youths, and became the first evidence-based material for Chinese Red Guards to learn about foreign Communist parties: "...The guiding ideology of the Burmese Communist Party is Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. The Burmese Communist Party believes that it must firmly follow the establishment of rural bases, encircle the cities with the countryside, and finally liberate the cities, conduct extensive guerrilla warfare, and destroy the enemy to strengthen their own persistent people. The war path advances. "The Revolutionary War in Burma is going through a long period of hardships, high tides and low tides, a tortuous road, marching towards victory..." These words are all too familiar to a Chinese Red Guard: This is pure Marxism-Leninism! The difficulty of choice disappears, and all that remains is action. Huang Yao, Zhao Li, Mao Kunming, and Baozhang were detained in Baoshan County on their way to the China-Myanmar border by car.A military representative surnamed Lan from the Resettlement Office of the Baoshan Special Administrative Region announced: "You have serious political problems. According to regulations, you cannot go to the five border counties to join the queue..." and sent militiamen to guard them.Huang Yao recalled: That night, we carefully planned: Zhao Li immediately connected with the long-distance telephone in Mangshi, and sent a Burmese Communist People's Army soldier to Baoshan with his uniform and ID to meet him.The four of them left in two groups to avoid attracting attention. As long as they disguised themselves, I believe they could pass the level.If the reception fails... Throw away all the luggage and swim across the Nu River. The Nu River has come to the flood season. I heard that an educated youth "without a certificate" was blocked from crossing the bridge. He had to swim across the Nu River and drowned.But that's someone else.Each reported the situation, and the water properties were not bad.If you swim empty body, plus choose a good beach, measure the flow direction and velocity, it is estimated that there is more than 60% certainty. The next day, under the leadership of Ji Long, a Chinese educated youth who had joined the People's Army of the Communist Party of Burma, Huang Yao and four others successfully smuggled into the Burmese Communist Party's guerrilla military station. "We stepped on the wet land, the air was green, and there were groups of egrets flying over the big green trees in the distance - the free territory in the dream." "Look, they're all here!" Ji Long lit a cigarette. All are here!Along the highway, in the thick shade of the trees, on the sunny road of Central Avenue, hundreds of brothers rushed over, shouting, shouting... When: July 5, 1969. Huang Yao recorded the scenes of the death of several Chinese Red Guards: He disappeared behind the black mound with a gun on his back, and when he came out again, he was a dead man-the magical changes of war seemed to be separated by only a second! His two legs were bloody from the groin, and the dense bullets broke off the arteries on both sides, and almost completely amputated his legs—the enemy used dum bullets, which tore off a large muscle at the mouth of the bullet, and his The green army satchel and submachine gun clips were smeared with his own flesh and bones. His blood ran out in an instant, and on the nearly 200-meter hillside, the blood sprayed like a fountain.So generous, so selfless, so swift. After Ma Hengchang died, there was a rumor in the guerrilla army that it was two Kachin fighters (one of whom was an ambulanceman) who snatched him out of the bullets.Ma Hengchang was still awake at the time.His upper body was still struggling desperately, trying to stand up and charge forward.Afterwards, he realized that he couldn't do it anymore. He quietly leaned against a small mahogany tree. He stretched out his hand and pressed it down. His whole lower body was completely soaked in the blood puddles. It spewed out, like a spring of blood held by him for no reason—"My blood! My blood!" He shouted excitedly, and a faint blush appeared on his cheeks.He had never seen so much blood!It's his blood!The blood of China—only consecrated by him once and for all. "Come on—" Leaped out of the trench and rushed down the slope billowing with smoke.Unable to see the enemy clearly, he just hugged the trigger and splashed bullets like water. "My eyes! My eyes——" the Chinese shouted, a soldier threw his gun, covered his eyes and slammed into the ground—an enemy grenade exploded on the body of his gun , His eyes were black, he didn't fall down, he rushed to the left, and then rushed down the slope, he raised his bloody hands to kill the invisible enemy... The story of a Red Guard who died fighting in Vietnam had been quietly circulated among the Red Guards in Beijing in 1968. There is also a section in this legend about the details of a blood-stained red armband placed in front of the martyr's tomb.This story fascinated the Red Guards.The story of Red Guards from Kunming and Beijing crossing the China-Myanmar border and fighting in the Burmese Communist People's Army was indeed spread throughout the country during the "Cultural Revolution". It is still unknown whether the Red Guards who joined the "International Communist Movement" had any literary creations.However, according to information provided by Chen Jianjun, a student at Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangzhou (formerly a nurse at a hospital in the Yunnan Military Region), there were many Chinese Red Guards among the guerrillas of the Communist Party of Burma who moved from Burma to China for medical treatment between 1968 and 1972.The literary and artistic propaganda team sent by the Communist Party of Burma to condolences to the wounded was also mostly composed of Chinese Red Guards. At that time, some nurses found out and said, "Isn't the reporter from Kunming ××?" The performances were all from Chinese "Cultural Revolution" The programs: "X Troop Soldiers Miss Chairman Mao", "Flying Wild Geese" and "Looking at the Big Dipper", etc.However, the lyrics have changed accordingly, maybe this is their "creation". The song "Looking at the Big Dipper" comes from the musical "The Road to Jinggangshan". It was one of the most popular songs among the Red Guards from 1966 to 1968.There is such a lyric in the song: "By the Gan River, you lead us to fight against encirclement and suppression, and defeat Jiang's bandits with millions of soldiers..." During the performance, it was changed to: "By the Irrawaddy River, you led us to fight against encirclement and suppression, and defeated Ne Win's million soldiers!" After the establishment of the Revolutionary Committee of Yunnan Province in August 1968, Jiang Qing and Lin Biao directly ordered an investigation campaign. A large number of veteran cadres and Red Guards were sentenced to "standing in the wrong team." wrong team"."Drawing lines and standing in line" everywhere, extorting confessions by torture, and "shooting" notices are posted all over the streets.There are many "gangster" children in the Burmese Communist Party, who took risks because they could not wash off their crimes.Many of the Red Guards who died in the guerrilla warfare did not leave their parents' names and family addresses, and some who did leave their names sent a death notice to their families. Chen Jianjun described to his friends at Sun Yat-sen University the scene when some Red Guards who had recovered from their injuries and returned to the Burmese Communist guerrillas said goodbye to them tearfully.Some people asked a nurse from Kunming to tell their family members that they were still alive. Whether the above facts and various rumors directly influenced and led to the creation of the poem "To the Warriors of the Third World War" is still unknown.But all of these must be inextricably linked with the birth of this poem. Long before "Dedicated to the Warriors of the Third World War", there had been more than one or two Red Guard poets who uttered the cry of "world revolution": O Neva, why are you so jubilant, you see, The red star of the Kremlin was shining in Zhongnanhai. ... Let Aurora's cannons aim again at the new Tsar's throne, Open fire, blast out the rivers and mountains of the new Soviet— "Song of the Neva River" Sichuan Zhao Hehua The soil of Jinggang Mountain paves the road to the victory of the Chinese revolution, Revolutionary trains all over the world are running on this avenue! —— "Holding a Handful of Jinggangshan Soil" Beijing?Xia Chunhua Today, our Chairman Mao stands on the summit of Mount Everest of Marxism-Leninism, The clarion call of the Cultural Revolution mobilized the revolutionary army of proletarians all over the world, Starting from the red base of China, we will carry out an all-out encirclement and annihilation of the old world! ... The whole earth will surely glow red in the flames of struggle! —— "Holy October" Henan Dongfang "To the Warriors of the Third World War" (political fantasy poem) is but the culmination of these poems. The author of "Dedicated to the Warriors of the Third World War" is Zang Pingfen, an old Red Guard from Beijing 101 Middle School. At least in the autumn of 1969, it had already spread from Beijing and began to spread throughout the country. The whole poem has more than 240 lines and is divided into 5 paragraphs.At the beginning of the poem, the poet—a soldier of Mao Zedong who participated in the Third World War, lays flowers on the grave of his comrades, Red Guards, and old classmates after the war: Take off the white cap, Offer chaste wreaths, gently Walk gently to your grave. In the most sincere language, Tell me how much I miss you. North American lilies bloom withered again You lie here year after year, tomorrow When the morning sun rises, We're going back to our dear country, and you Will sleep forever on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean Exotic cemetery. From this, the poet recalled the past with the "warriors": "fight guerrillas" together in the park, and "big series" together in Jinggangshan." And "on that unforgettable night" together, listening to the Ministry of Defense's declaration of war. "In this third world war that finally wipes out the system of exploitation," "In the same class." "In the trenches, we shared a share of bread; sucked a handful of salt, hummed the same melody, and covered the same old army blanket..." "In the flames soaring into the sky, we broke into the enemy's 300-meter line of defense shoulder to shoulder, and the submachine guns spewed bullets of proletarian revenge at the exploiters." do you remember? We drank the banks of the Matton, across the steppes of Ukraine, Over the peaks of the Urals, Reignite the red star of the Kremlin. We have followed the footsteps of the commune, Through the barricades of the Paris Commune, To the beat of the Internationale, Sail in every town, village, and harbor of Europa. swiss lake, Spire of Pisa, Yemen sunset, Buddhist temple in Phnom Penh, Cherry blossoms of Mount Fuji, Tobacco from Havana, spanish wine, Clear springs in black Africa. All this: Never made us miss it! because we have, gun in hand, The heavy responsibility rests on our shoulders. After countless "sleepless days and nights" and "bloody battles in the north and south", our invincible team "follows the red sun closely and moves forward indomitably!" A single spark spreads across the globe.In the end, the world was red, and only "a little bit of the White House" was left. "Three red flares rose in the night sky, and you patted me on the shoulder: Hey! Man, do you still remember, 'See the red hearts of the dolls on the Sino-US battlefield'-20 years ago, a member of the Politburo speak?" "Remember!" I said, "This is the final struggle, the decisive battle of the fate of mankind!" The bugle sounded, and our hearts were connected, and we moved forward quickly... One hand is a green leaf, With a poisoned arrow in one hand— This brass eagle emblem that has been rampant for two centuries, With the people cheering triumphantly, Tossed into a raging flame. Ruler of the Jin Yuan Empire,— Statues of marble presidents, that stiff fake smile Licking the parquet floor. Go! Climb to the top of the last floor of the White House, Occupy the last commanding heights. At this moment, you suddenly jumped on my body, blocking a sinful bullet from the corner with your body, your body fell heavily... On the ornate steps of the White House Leave your bright red blood spots your eyes are smiling it's so peaceful your lips move silently seems to be ordering me forward! forward! look! skyscraper top a red flag Fluttering in the wind in the hula-la fiery red flag brighten your eyes Blood as red as a flag wet your smiling face "I hold you tightly in my arms, pain seeps into my heart, space - disappears, time - stops, hatred burns in my breast, thunder and lightning flash in my ears. The mountains are silent, the sea is moaning, the autumn leaves Floating down, wet clouds low..." In front of the tomb of the World War III warrior, the poet bid farewell to his comrades: "Rest in peace, dear friend! We will undertake the heavy responsibility of post-war construction, and we will build the building of communism!" "On the ocean, heaven and water are connected; in the heart, there is a lot of passion. Mao Zedong's soldiers returned to the motherland. They will solemnly report to the motherland: Mother, your excellent son, for the happiness of the people and the inevitability of history, died in the Atlantic Ocean. The other shore, the foreign cemetery." The poem "Dedicated to the Warriors of the Third World War" is full of wonderful and innocent longings for the "new century" of communism. the sun never been this warm the sky never been so blue children's smiles never been so sweet Mao Zedong's teachings Inrich's Will Marx's Foresight It will be realized in the hands of our generation It is a holy emotion.A whole generation of young people regard Marx's "Communist Manifesto" as their red bible.Mao Zedong had already issued a call to them; "Young people of our generation must personally participate in the battle to bury imperialism." "Ten thousand years is too long, and we only seize the day and night." All pests are invincible." They believe that the "Cultural Revolution" China's today is the world's tomorrow.Believe that the victory of communism will come in my lifetime.Filled with sympathy for two-thirds of the suffering people in the world, they gathered all their courage and prepared to meet a war that would come at any time.They look forward to this day. "Dedicated to the Warriors of the Third World War" concentratedly expressed a kind of "dream" of the whole group during 1967-1978: impatience, impetuosity, revolutionary hunger, excitement, desire for sacrifice and self-sublimation, and expectation to get out of the movement's predicament. Liberation, a pure and pure world, eternal youth... all kinds of emotions are reflected in this uncomplicated long poem in a tortuous way.All the different desires and liberations can be achieved through "world revolution" - the way of international war.Hope to fight is often a kind of "subconscious" in the hearts of many young people.It reflects that they have begun to produce a kind of anxiety, rejection, and anger about the surrounding environment. The poem "Dedication" fit the trend of thought at that time, it came into being and became a hit.In terms of form, it has absorbed the technique of He Jingzhi's political lyric poems, with dense rhymes and catchy rhymes.Its whim, its narration, and its popular style are all destined to be a popular poem. It survives as an ideological specimen, which has surpassed its original literary significance.