Chapter 34 Chapter 31 The Poor and Weak New Central Committee Early Northern Song Dynasty

After the unspeakable division and degeneration, China has re-established a unified central government.This center, however, appeared in history with its special posture.Along with the unification of Qin, Han, Sui, and Tang, came the prosperity and strength of China, but this unification could not escape the fate of being poor and weak.This is a unique new gesture of unification in the Song Dynasty. Fan Jiuzhu of the Northern Song Dynasty died in 167 years. Since the Tang Dynasty, the town soldiers supported and stayed, and the practice was followed until the Five Dynasties, resulting in a situation where the country is good at generals and generals are good at soldiers.Song Taizu rebelled from Chenqiaoyi, and the yellow robe was added to his body. This was the fourth time that soldiers of the Five Dynasties supported the emperor.

The royal family, which emerged from the continuous mutiny, finally realized the danger of military governance, so there is a story of the so-called "drinking wine to release military power". Since then, Jiedushi has changed the disadvantages of controlling local power. Taizu called the festivals of the towns, met them in the capital, and gave them the title to stay, and ordered the court officials to go out to guard the counties, named "Zhizhou Military". The local governor then had to reuse civil servants. In the Five Dynasties, not only all the towns and towns used military generals, but even the governors of prefectures and counties that were not attached to feudal towns also used military merits.It's the beginning of the revolution.

Followed by the establishment of the general judgment of the states. All local military and civilian affairs must be signed and signed before they can go down.The general judgment is special, and the chief official Jun Li. County magistrates are also divided into court officials and photographs, known as magistrates. Zhizhou and county magistrates are all temporary assignments in terms of name, not their own job.Therefore, the prefectural and county guards in the Song Dynasty all carried the official title of the Chinese and Korean officials. From then on, local officials had to be appointed by the central government.

In the Five Dynasties, all those who were so dirty and incompetent as to be so old that they were not able to drive them began to write to the county magistrate.Therefore, in local politics at that time, there was only one thing to do, and there were many traces of obscenity.You Huan at most use Lingchang as a laughing stock.Song Zu used court officials to go out to magistrate county affairs, and when Wucheng in the Northern Qi Dynasty used Shizhou's children as county magistrates, he also saved the disadvantages for a while, not necessarily all out of selfishness. The states have also set up transshipment envoys to handle the local finances. Except for the expenses of the states, they are all transferred to Beijing and not retained.From then on, local wealth also belonged to the central government.

He also ordered all the prefectures and counties to select all the soldiers, those with extraordinary talents and martial arts, to be sent to the capital to make up for the lack of the forbidden brigade.The old and the weak only stayed in the state. Since then, local troops have also been transferred to the central government. The administration of officials, military power, and wealth have been separated from the division of local military power and unified into the central government. China has gradually begun to have a decent and on-track central government. Song Taizu relied on a relatively decent and on-track central political organization to pacify the south first.

Although Taizu used a cup of wine to release the guards from the generals, but at that time there were still nearly thirty prefectures in command of the soldiers in other counties.In Qiandezhong, either because of his death, or because of emigration, or because of becoming an official, he was gradually replaced by civil servants.However, how long will the general be in charge of controlling the northwest.Guo Jin guarded Xishan Fan for 20 years, Li Hanchao guarded Guannan Fan for 17 years, and Dong Zunjiao guarded Tongyuan Fan for 14 years.The remaining ten years and 1989 are not all.The benefit of the guan (guan) question (que) is given to him, and the military affairs can be cheap.The border ministers are all rich in wealth, so they have to raise dead soldiers.Every time the bandits enter, there will be more Kejie.In this way, there is no danger of the northwest, and we can do our best to the southeast.Fan Zhenshu in the second year of Renzong Zhihe: "From the autumn solstice of the fifth year of Huangyou to the winter of the first year in Enzhou, all those who know the state have been changed seven times, and the rate of the Hebei states is like this. Want to practice soldiers and horses, can you get it?"

Although the southern countries are economically superior to the Central Plains, their political situation has not improved. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, a large number of northern gentry traveled southward, so the cultural relics of clothes and hats are the ancestors of the north.During the Five Dynasties, the southern countries only had the legacy of Jinshi poetry and prose in the late Tang Dynasty, and there was no political tradition to speak of. Therefore, the politics of the Song Dynasty, with a little clue, can clean up the southern countries one by one. By the time of Taizong, the south of the Yangtze River was unified, and then the Northern Han Dynasty was pacified, but the Khitan was finally unable to be defeated. This was the only major weakness of the Song Dynasty.

Taizong's two personal expeditions were defeated, and his death was caused by arrow sores.In the battle of Shijin Kaiyunyang City, Yelu Deguang was almost inevitable, Zhou Shizong defeated three passes in one fell swoop, Khitan must be victorious.But Taizong was weak and had no virtuous assistants.Zhou Shizong wanted to take Youzhou first with his troops, but Wu and Shu were not enough.In the Song Dynasty, it was prudent to follow Zhao Pumou, first from the south to the north.The army is exhausted, and it is a great loss for the descendants to make it difficult for the descendants. The founding of the Song Dynasty was different from that of the Han and Tang Dynasties.The Song Dynasty was supported by soldiers, and its first priority after the founding of the country was to reduce military power.And so the people of the Song Dynasty did not have the basis of literary rule to replace the politics of the warriors.

The civil servants in the early Song Dynasty, who came out of the relics of the Five Dynasties and the Southern Tang Dynasty, were all wretched and frivolous, with no achievements.In ancient times, the three princes sat down to discuss Taoism, and the prime ministers of the Tang and Five Dynasties met the emperor discussing major political affairs, and they were ordered to sit and give tea.At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhi, an old minister of Emperor Shizong of Zhou Dynasty, was the chancellor. He was afraid of the emperor's brilliance, and asked him to submit everything to him.As a result of playing the imperial court, the ceremony of sitting and discussing was abolished, and the ministers also stood up to talk when they saw the emperor.Taizu said that Zaifu was able to follow the rules, be cautious about fame and utensils, be honest and honest, and have no quality, but he owed the death of Sejong.Quality and Wang Pu were the ministers of Shizong's Gu Ming, and Wang Pu imitated Feng Dao at that time, but they were not valued by Song Zu.Song trusted only Zhao Pu.However, after Pu became prime minister, Song Zu often advised him to study, and he always read the Analects of Confucius.Comparing the ministers in the early Song Dynasty with those in the Tang Dynasty, they are far inferior.The reason why Song Zhi was not caught in Tang Dynasty is also.

The strong enemy in the north could not be expelled for a while, and the establishment of Kaifeng as the capital put the Song Dynasty in an extremely unfavorable situation.With all the barriers withdrawn, there is no shelter at all.People in Song Dynasty did not know this level.However, objective conditions prevented them from changing their plans. Zhang Fangping once commented on the matter, saying: "The capital today, the so-called Chenliu in ancient times, is a place with all-round development in the world. It is not like the Hanqin Luozhai, which is superior in shape. Since the end of Tang Dynasty, Zhu Wen was granted the title of Liang State and established the capital. , As for Shi Jin cutting off the land of secluded thistle to enter Khitan, he shared the benefits of the plains with powerful enemies. Therefore, the struggle of the Five Dynasties, the trouble is that there is no limit to Jidian, and there is no shelter for the roots. The ancestors are ordered, and the scale must be considered. If we don’t return the old days of the Zhou and Han Dynasties and the Liang family is the reason, how happy we are to deal with it. If we don’t gain something, we will benefit from the water transportation and support the teachers and brigades, and we will build the country by relying on the teachers. This is the trend today, the country depends on the army. And Li, soldiers depend on food, food depends on water transportation, and water transportation depends mainly on rivers and canals."

Zhang Ji (ji) also discussed Biancao.It is said: "The soldiers of the Han Dynasty are outside, only the Southern and Northern Army, Qimen, and Yulin orphans are used to prepare for the emperor to follow the vassal guards. The Tang Dynasty inherited the Sui Dynasty and set up twelve guards, all of whom were farmers. When the soldiers were dismissed, they began There are no more than 30,000 or tens of thousands of people, just to prepare for the guards. Today there are hundreds of thousands of armored soldiers, hundreds of thousands of horses, and the capital is recruited, which is ten times smaller than that of the Han and Tang Dynasties.” In the last years of Taizu's life, he wanted to predict Luoyang, the capital, and said: "I will live in Chang'an in the end, and go to the redundant army according to the victory of the mountains and rivers, and follow the stories of the Zhou and Han Dynasties to secure the world." The king of Jin requested to return Bian.Taizu finally disagreed, saying: "In less than a hundred years, the power of the people in the world will be exhausted." Fan Zhongyan also advocated saving money in Luoyang, repairing the palace, and planning to move the capital, while Lu Yi's brief view is broad.First of all, he was afraid of difficulties and followed the rules, and then he sneaked around, making mistakes again and again, and Song things could not be done in the end. The enemy cavalry on the north bank of the Great River drove southward for a long time, and there was no natural barrier. They reached the edge of the Yellow River in three or four days, while Kaifeng was a flat and low-lying place exposed on the south bank of the Yellow River. Once tense, there will be fundamental shake.Fortunately, Kou Zhun's personal conquest led to the alliance of Chanyuan.However, it is a desperate strategy in the end. After that, Song and Liao became brothers, and Song Sui lost 100,000 taels of silver and 200,000 bolts of silk to Liao.Since the two countries have not fought for one hundred and twenty years. Kaifeng, the capital of the Song Dynasty, was not only exposed to the Northeast, but also vulnerable to threats.It is also out of reach for the northwest, and it is difficult to control.So besides the Liao people, there is Xixia again. During Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty, Xiazhou Pi (pi) general Tuoba Sijing, pre-destroyed Huang Chaogong, bestowed the surname Li, and worshiped Xiazhou Jiedushi.It was said that the army was in chaos, and Li Renfu was supported, but he didn't know how to respect his relatives; after that, it was Xixia.However, Xixia is still the last relic of Tang Hu's vassal town. At the time of Zhenzong, Xixia had fallen into Lingzhou.As far as Renzong, Xixia suddenly became stronger, and border troubles flourished.Fan Zhongyan and Han Qi went to Shaanxi to preside over the military affairs as famous officials from China and North Korea, but they ended up in peace talks.At the age of Song Dynasty, Xixia bestowed a total of 255,000 silver, Qi, silk, and tea. From showing weakness to Xia, it caused the bullying of the Liao people.Fu Bi envoy Liao, to strengthen peace talks, increase silver and silk by 100,000 each year. The Song Dynasty was so sluggish externally, but internally it was poor all the year round.And the troubles became more and more fierce, and they were almost too poor to support. As far as China's past history is concerned, as long as the country takes the road of unification and supports a central government with a large number of people, unless it is extravagant and greedy, it will never suffer from poverty.There are several special reasons for the poverty of the Song dynasty: The first is because of raising soldiers. Regardless of Qin, Han, Jin, Sui, and Tang, every time a new government is established, after the world is unified, there must be a demobilization of troops.Only in the Song Dynasty, due to the special situation, the accumulation of feudal towns in the late Tang Dynasty, and the forced punishment of foreign bandits, the army not only could not be demobilized, but also increased gradually. Two hundred thousand (200,000) when Taizu founded the country Thirty-seventy-eight thousand (378,000) when Taizu opened the treasure Sixty-sixty-six thousand (666,000) when Taizong came to Taoism Zhenzong Tianxi time nine hundred and twelve thousand (912,000) Renzong Qing lasted 1,259,000 (1,259,000) Hidemune's peacetime one hundred and sixty-two thousand (1,162,000) The above is just a rough count. Chen Xiangyun: "There were 120,000 soldiers at the time of Yizu. More than 300,000 at the time of Zhenzong. At the beginning of Qianxing, there were more than 800,000. At the time of Qingli, there were more than one million." It can be seen that the number of troops in the Song Dynasty increased progressively.Until the time of Renzong, it took a hundred years, and the number of soldiers in the whole country increased to more than seven or eight times. Most of the army comes from recruitment.The applicants were either helpless or guilty and died. They often recruit hungry people because of the fierceness of the year, so that those who grow up and strong are lazy, while those who stay in the fields are old and weak.As time goes on, rural productivity is gradually reduced. Moreover, recruits stay in the army for life, from over 20 to old age, during which there are more than 40 years, and the actual usable ones are no more than 20 years.The life of the granary actually means that a soldier has 20 years of being useless to the public and relying on food. Such an army is most prone to arrogance.In the Song Dynasty military system, the husband and wife of the Xiang army were promoted to the imperial guards, but when the guards entered the camp, they did not hold their own quilts but made others hold them, and the food was not self-sustaining, but they were carried by others. Taizu was afraid of the arrogance and laziness of the soldiers, so he banned the soldiers and divided them into Song counties.However, moving at the age of three is the same as going out for an expedition.Therefore, although it is in peacetime, military expenditure is always equal to conquest. The army at that time followed the five generations of accumulated habits, in addition to giving monthly and yearly gifts, there were also various additional rewards.Especially the author is the suburban lai (lai) once every three years. It started in the Tang Dynasty that the suburbs worshiped and exhausted the government treasury to reward soldiers.After the Su Dynasty and the Dai Dynasty, the national use was not given, so the sacrifice had to be abolished.In the history of the Five Dynasties, the third year of Emperor Taizu of Liang Kaiping, the second year of Emperor Zhuangzong of Tang Dynasty Tongguang, and the first year of Emperor Xiande of Zhou Dynasty, there are records of offering rewards by offering amnesty to heaven.Song Cheng's accumulated evils could not be cleaned up, so once every three years was used as a rule. The suburban fees of the Song Dynasty also gradually increased. When Taizong came to Taoism, there were more than five million mints. During the time of Zhenzong Jingde, there were more than 7 million mints. During Emperor Renzong's reign, it was 12 million yuan. Hidemune usually pays 13 million yuan. Others are complex and easy to overlap. There are special branches for cold food, Dragon Boat Festival and winter solstice every year.For border guards, silver and shoes are added every quarter.Huanqing's edge is difficult to give to Cuan (cuan), and there is salary money.Bitter cold, or give Xu Ru hakama.Those who guard the south will be served by Zeng Yue.Those who return from Sichuan and Guangxi, don't pretend to be money.Chuanguang handed over pawns, or gave them fashion clothes, money, and shoes. According to Yingzong's statistics, the number of banned soldiers is about 700,000, and the money and food given to a man is no less than 50,000, and the 700,000 people have 35 million yuan.The number of Xiang troops is about 500,000, and the money and food given to each man is no less than 30,000, and the 500,000 people will have to spend 15 million yuan.A total of 50 million yuan was spent by the imperial guards in Xiang, but at this time, the money in the world is only about 60 million yuan.Military maintenance expenses accounted for six-fifths of the total annual revenue. Yin Zhu rested and garrisoned the cloud: "Northwest Jingyuan, Binning, Qinfeng, and Fuyan (fu) four commanders garrisoned more than 100,000 soldiers, and the annual salary of each soldier was 20,000 without worry. Compared with the total number of cavalry soldiers and redundant soldiers The amount given is not a reward; compared with 100,000, the annual cost is 2 billion. Since the Lingwu strike, the cost is more than 60 billion." That's why Wang Anshi wants to say loudly that if China can't manage its army and return to the old system, there will be no reason for China to become prosperous and strong. Although Shenzong's monarchs and ministers tried their best to save troops, there were still five hundred and sixty-eight thousand six hundred and eighty-eight (568,688) members of the Xining Forbidden Army, and six hundred and twelve thousand two hundred and forty-three (612,243) members of Yuanfeng.Cai Jing uses things, and the disadvantages of soldiers benefit.The sergeant fled and died, but he did not make up for the que, so he learned that the chun (chun) on the forehead of the que was used for the supply.And if the amount is not based on the truth, the upper and lower sides are all for treachery.In the disaster of Jingkang, there were only 15,000 people who came to help.There are only 30,000 guards in the capital.Song exhausted his national power to raise soldiers, but in the end he didn't get a single soldier. Those who used the wealth of the Song Dynasty were firstly redundant soldiers, and secondly redundant officials. Recover the lost land in the north, this is a family motto passed down by the Song royal family through the ages. Taizu Shiping (jian) rebellion, received his treasury, and sealed the Chun treasury that was not hidden, and all the rest of the state's use was taken into Yan.Taste said: "When there are more than five million silk, you should redeem Yanji from Khitan." He also said: "If the northerners dare to violate the border, I will buy the head of one of them with twenty bolts of silk. It is estimated that their elite soldiers are only one hundred thousand. Use two million bolts of silk, and there will be no more people." Taizong returned from two personal expeditions, both of which failed.Following Zhenzong, the use of year-old coins to buy peace is too far from the meaning of Taizu's establishment of Fengchun Treasury, which is unbearable for the Song royal family. However, soldiers should not be allowed to control the political power anymore. This is another family motto that the Song royal family has passed down through generations and never gave up. The Song Dynasty could neither suppress the northern invaders, nor could it wish to dispel the army, and at the same time prevent the soldiers from controlling the political power. Therefore, the third family motto passed down from generation to generation by the Song Dynasty is to give preferential treatment to the scholar-bureaucrats, and always let the culture be suppressed by the soldiers. on the head. Song Zu said to Zhao Pu: "Fangzhen was brutal in the Five Dynasties, and the people suffered from it. Now I use Confucian officials to divide and rule the big vassals. Even though they are all corrupt, they are not as good as one out of ten of the military officials." Taizu also made an oath. In the Taimiao, it is said that "the ministers and speech officials will not be killed".Huizong was captured in Jin, and he ordered his envoys to sue Gaozong for this matter. Jinshi in the Song Dynasty was released as soon as he reached the first rank, and his treatment was much better than that in the Tang Dynasty. Jinshi in the Tang Dynasty was awarded the title, but he became an official official before he got it, and he had to try again in the Ministry of Officials.There are those who have tried repeatedly.Among them, only Buji Chicheng Wei.Those who are not qualified may go to the election of Cao Zhiji, or they shall be established by local officials.Once the external effect has been achieved, he will officially enter the official career.As soon as Song Ze ascended the ranks, he released brown. The number of admissions is also far more than that of the Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Jinshi was established, and no more than 30 people were selected at the age of one year.Xianheng and Shangyuanzhong increased to seventy or eighty, and they recovered.Kaicheng took forty people every year.And restore the old system.In addition to Jinshi, there are no more than a hundred people in Mingjing Zhongke.When Song Taizu founded the country, there were very few Jinshi who were admitted to the imperial examination, and there were only a few dozen years old.At that time, Jinshi Jiake was only awarded to Sikou, or to be an official. When Emperor Taizong came, he personally tested Gongshi in the Imperial Palace, and he was good at picking and picking.In the second year of Taiping Xingguo, there were no officials in counties and counties.Five hundred people from all disciplines were given Jinshi to suddenly order Shi Brown.Or to the officials of the Beijing Dynasty, or to the big county (cui), or to the Zhiguan.Among the Jinshi, there are as many as seven hundred people, and then as an example. Those who should take the Jinshi examination numbered as many as 10,260 in the eighth year of Taiping Xingguo, and 17,300 in the second year of Chunhua. Jinshi examinations have spread all over the country, so a three-year examination system was established. Although the Tang Dynasty selected scholars through Jinshi and Mingjing, the power of the aristocratic families had not yet completely disappeared at that time, and the local governors had to set up their own offices.In Minling and Guizhou Gorge, there are very few scholars.Beyond the two rivers, it is again a bandit territory.Therefore, the ritual room can be opened every year.In the Song Dynasty, the aristocratic families were destroyed, and local officials could not set up their own offices, and the power of employing people was concentrated in the center.The cultural and educational style of the society is more common. It takes time for those who go beyond Jianduling to go back and forth, so the Ministry of Rites cannot open every year. In the future, there will be another case where Jinshi imperial examinations will not be dismissed. In the past, all the palace examinations were dismissed, and there were those who were accepted in the provincial examination, but those who were rejected in the palace examination.According to legend, Zhang Yuan surrendered Yuan Hao because of his anger over his failure, which was a disaster for China.The Song Dynasty began to imprison Zhang's family members, and they soon reinstated them.So the officials suggested that the palace examination should be blamed.In the second year of Jiayou Renzong's reign, the Jinshi and the imperial examination candidates were not deposed. It is even more honorable for scholars to be the number one scholar. Taizong Linxuan released the list. Before the third or fifth place, all of them came out with Erjun talismans and moved to Rongsu.Chen Yaosou and Wang Zeng were the first in junior high school, and they ascended to the imperial court to lead the post of Taishi.Since then, the number one scholar and the first place have been expected to be used for less than ten years.In every hall, the court group (lu) is the first to pass on, and everyone below the public officials is amazing, even the emperor is watching.From the Chongzheng Palace to the Donghua Gate, the paging was very popular, and the thoroughfare was crowded with spectators. Some people even said: "The number one scholar, even though he has hundreds of thousands of soldiers, restores Youji, drives out the strong (qiang) bandits, triumphs and dedicates to the Taimiao, it is more honorable." Thirty-nine people, only five people who are not public assistants. In the Song Dynasty, the award of Jinshi was so excellent, it was nothing more than trying to change the social atmosphere, and gradually replaced the old habits of the time with arrogant soldiers and fierce soldiers, and gradually replaced it with a situation of Wenzhi. The Song Dynasty intended to create a situation of civil society, so on the one hand, it relaxed the outlets for Jinshi, and on the other hand, it raised the treatment of civil officials.Be polite to civilian officials everywhere, so that he will not be dwarfed by military duties. Since the Five Dynasties, military officials have been envoys in feudal towns, and their desires cannot be satisfied unless they are heavily rewarded and generously rewarded.The Song Dynasty not only accumulated a lot of hard work, but also deeply punished the domineering warriors, hoping to reward the civil servants and retreat the military officials.Since the power of military officials was seized by high-ranking officials and generous salaries, we had to use high-ranking officials and generous salaries to comfort the hearts of civil servants. The first idea of ​​the Song Dynasty's preferential treatment of officials was the gradual increase of official salaries. In the fourth year of Emperor Zhenzong's Xianping period, Yang Yishang was sparse, and he talked about the low salary of officials at that time.It is said: "The left and right servants are the commanders of a hundred bureaucrats, and the monthly salary is not as good as that of the commander of a thousand men in the army. How can it be an old meaning?" After that, there will be gains.Here are the prime ministers and privy envoys to say that there is a regular salary, a salary, a salary, clothing and food for servants, and winter and spring clothes, each with 20 pieces of silk, 30 pieces of silk, and 100 catties of winter cotton. In addition, there are tea, wine and kitchen materials, hao charcoal supervisor, horse and millet, rice noodles and sheep mouth.As far as foreign officials have public money, job fields, tea soup money, and extra money. At that time, it was said that "the kindness is arrested by all officials, for fear of insufficient; wealth is taken from all people, and the rest is not kept."One can imagine the preferential treatment of officials in the Song Dynasty. The salaries of officials are not only thick, but also have temple salaries, which is a gift for resignation. Zhenzong appointed Yuqing Zhaoying Palace envoy, with Wang Dan as his envoy.Later Dan became an official due to illness, so he ordered Yi Taiwei to lead the envoy of Yuqing Zhaoying Palace and give half salary to the prime minister.Since then, the temple salary has begun.Since then, it has increased day by day.The scholar-officials in the Song Dynasty were very courteous, and they seldom reprimanded them, and never killed them.Wang Anshi used the ancestral hall to deal with dissidents, and ordered the temple to have an unlimited number of people, and he obeyed and lived there.It's just for eating idle salary. Sometimes there are extra rewards. This cover also began with Wu Chen.Rulei finally pacified Shu, and gave Lianzhen a special money of two thousand guan.Since he died, he will be responsible for tens of millions, and the official will pay for it.Dai Xing was the envoy of the Dingguo Army, and he was given ten thousand taels of silver, and ten million extra money at the age of one.When Wang Hanzhong came out to know Xiangzhou, he paid two million yuan in addition to his regular salary.Since then, it has spread to civil servants. If Li Fu is the envoy of the third division, he will give three thousand taels of silver.Li Hang (hang), Song Shi (shi), Wang Huaji, Yang Huizhi, Wei Tingwu, Song Tuan, etc., and the chancellor had to be generous.Therefore, when Li Hang was ill, he was given five thousand taels of silver, and Wang Dan, Feng Zheng, and Wang Qinruo's soldiers were all given five thousand taels of silver.When Renzong collapsed, he bequeathed more than one million yuan to each of his ministers.Sima Guang led the same list to reward with words, not allowed. There is grace again.Soldiers and warriors get suburbs once every three years, so naturally civil servants should not go to the corners, so every time they go to the suburbs, they will extend grace and seal the shade. Cao Bin died, and there were more than ten officials, relatives, followers, and pro-schools.Li Jilong died, official his son, and recorded more than 20 people under his family.Lei You finally died, and he had eight sons.Then Jiayin also started from Wuchen. Shading sons and grandchildren, even shadowing relatives, shadowing relatives of great merit, even shadowing relatives of the opposite sex, and even retainers.In short, it is the favor of the imperial court, and if there are no close relatives of descendants, they can only sell the court's favor and use different surnames to make up the number. Even as soon as you come to the position, you will get shade.Fu Yin is given a salary, and Fu Yin is a badge of honor.Even before he should marry a wife, he already has a son. At the age of one year, Ren Zi can get four thousand people.Ten years later, there will be 12,000 members. After serving as a bachelor or higher official for 20 years, that is to say, 20 brothers and grandchildren of a family can go to the capital to be an official, and they will still be promoted to the dynasty one after another. Such preferential treatment conditions are gradually established. The grace of Christmas comes from the Tao.The kindness of the suburbs originated from Xiangfu.The grace of becoming an official is excessive in the way of understanding.The grace left behind is more complicated than that of Zhenzong.Jiayou Tweeted dozens of people, Zhiping 200 people, and Xining six years even 400 to 500 people. Under such circumstances, it is inevitable that there will be more officials and more salaries. During the time of Zhenzong Jingde - there were more than 10,000 officials. During the reign of Emperor Renzong, there were more than 20,000 officials. Hidemune's peacetime - a total of 24,000 members. In the words of officials: At the time of Zhenzong...97,850,000 (97,850,000). During Renzong's time... 120 million (120,000,000). During Yingzong's time...the third of the tenth was regarded as Huangyou. Both civil and military classes are treated preferentially by the imperial court, and the emperor's clan should not be neglected as usual.Therefore, the clan officials who received the salary: During the time of Zhenzong Tianxi... nine thousand seven hundred and eighty-five members (9,785). During the time of Renzong Baoyuan... Fifteen thousand four hundred and forty-three members (15,443). So it was a world of redundant officials and redundant soldiers.Redundant officials are wasted at the top, redundant soldiers are wasted at the bottom, and finances are exhausted.Although the country tried its best to increase its annual revenue, it could not catch up with the rapid increase in annual expenditure. Comparing the Ren and Ying dynasties with Taizong's, the annual income increased six times.There were still more than half of Taizong's time, but Ren and Ying's time were not enough.The financial trend is like this, if it is not recovered, how can it be achieved. Press: This is according to Song History.There is a difference in the records of the government and the field, saying: "At the beginning of the reunification of the country and the dynasty, the annual income of the world was more than 16 million. Emperor Taizong thought it was extremely prosperous, twice the Tang Dynasty. At the end of Tianxi, the income increased to 2,000. More than 6.5 million min. During the Jiayou period, it was increased to more than 36.8 million min. After that, the month increased and the years went wide. To Xi and Feng, the money for seedlings, servitude, taxes, and changes was collected. The income is even more than 60 million. At the beginning of Yuanyou, except for its urgency, the annual income is still more than 48 million." Chao (chao) said that the Yuanfu three years should be edicted, saying: "Song Fu, service dozens Twice that of Han." Lin Xunzheng said in his book: "The number of taxes in Song Dynasty is seven times higher than that in Tang Dynasty." carry on. Here is another example of the ratio of several commercial taxes in the Jingde and Qingli dynasties. Here is a brief comparison of all taxes in Jingde and Qingli as the following table. Bao Zheng said: "The world's tax records are always there, but now the annual income doubles, the ancestors only pay the true nature of taxation, and it has been changed every time since then." The reason why the Song Dynasty was poor and hard to cure was roughly as mentioned above. The Song Dynasty tried its best to restrain the warriors, but they couldn't go to the soldiers at all.The Song Dynasty tried its best to improve the rule of law, but it was impossible to educate and train civil servants at all.As a result, although there are troops, they cannot be used.The more unusable the army is, the more it feels that the number of troops is small and the number of troops is increasing day by day.Although civil servants are treated extremely preferentially, they cannot get the effect of civil servants.As a result, the civil servants became more and more imposing, and Tai Ah turned against him, and the civil officials were like arrogant soldiers, only coming to Juan (juan) to suck the blood of the country. This is the internal situation of the Song Dynasty before Renzong.In addition to the Liao in the north and the Xia in the west, both sides are pressing against each other, internally and externally attacking, a peaceful unified government is like suffering from tuberculosis, although there is no serious illness, it will die every day. This is a terminal illness in the Song Dynasty. The political system of the Song Dynasty basically followed the rules of the Tang Dynasty, but also had its own weaknesses. The first is that the centralization of power is too much, and local undertakings cannot be built. The local administration in the Song Dynasty was divided into three levels, called "road", called "fu, prefecture, army, supervisor", called "county". In the third year of Zhidao, the world was divided into fifteen roads.At the beginning of Renzong, it was the Eighteenth Road.Xiafu, prefecture, army, prison three hundred and twenty-two, county one thousand two hundred and sixty-two.In the second year of Xining, it was analyzed into twenty-three roads.The capital is four, the sub-fu is ten, the prefecture is two hundred and forty-two, the army is twenty-seven, the prison is four, and the county is one thousand two hundred and thirty-five. Foreign officials are divided into two types: "close to the people" and "careful affairs".The people-friendly officials are all dispatched by the officials of the Beijing Dynasty, and there are no official officials.The tax officer is in charge of one thing, directly under the central government.In this case, almost all officials serve the central government in nature or name, and there are no formally appointed local officials.The roads are divided into four divisions, Shuai, Cao, Xian and Cang, which are called "supervisors". Handsome—to appease the envoy...to take charge of the soldiers and civilians along the way, and to lead the army to ban, reward and punish them. Cao-transshipment envoy... Take control of the wealth along the way, and lead the consumption of the board to accumulate funds. Constitution——Procuratorial envoy... Take charge of the justice along the way, and lead the prison lawsuit to the prisoner for detailed reply. Warehouse - Promote Changping Envoy... to take care of the rescue along the way, and lead the water conservancy of Changping Yicang. This is called "Ministry Envoy".In Tang's prefectures and counties, there was no more than one envoy; in Song Dynasty, there were four supervisors, so it was even more difficult for prefectures and counties to flatter Zhanbu.Among the four divisions, the most important ones are transshipment envoys, ordering the central government to collect the local gold grains and goods, and the nature of local political affairs seems to be only collecting money for the central government. The governor of the Han Dynasty inspected the prefectures and states with six articles, and did not take charge of gold, grain, wealth and goods.After the chaos in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, when the army was desperate for food, the planners began to transfer the names of various officials, and all the roads set up patrol officials, who were in charge of the style of Fu Tiao, and the collection of consignments. .Among them, there are envoys who inspect, interview, and depose.In the Song Dynasty, the most important external power was transshipment, and a hundred cities could command thousands of miles.The dismissal of officials, the relaxation of wealth, the obstruction of the flow of favors, and the relief of civil affairs, counties and counties watch and listen to their winds, and the country's government relies on foreign affairs.Mention the outline and jurisdiction of all duties, and serve as a role model for all aspects.As the name suggests, with the transshipment department as the chief of the road, isn't it dedicated to collecting money for the central affairs? The political system of the Song Dynasty not only took everything from the people, but did not allow the society to store wealth;It is advisable that Jingkang is in trouble, the heart is sick, and the limbs are paralyzed and cannot be recovered. This level can be compared with Tang Anshi's chaos, and we can know the failure of Song Dynasty.In addition, Wang Anshi's new policy still pays attention to the central government in the Yi area, so it can be seen that Jinggong does not know what to do first. The second is the system of admonishing officials in the Song Dynasty, which also made the central government where the power was concentrated, which itself also suffered from failure. The admonition officer began in Qin and Han Dynasties. Qin Jianyi has no fixed number of doctors, as many as dozens of people, and belongs to Lang Zhongling.The Han Dynasty belonged to Guang Luxun. The Sui and Tang Dynasties belonged to Menxia Province and Zhongshu Province, and were subordinate to the prime minister.The reason why the admonisher corrects the emperor is not to correct the prime minister.Therefore, the prime minister gives up listening to the emperor, the admonishing officer gives the prime minister who deprives the hearing, and the emperor gains the admonishing official who loses hearing. Although both the admonisher and the censor are ministers of speech and responsibility, their duties are different.The admonishing official palm is offered to replace the righteous person, and the censor palm picket is used to rope Bailiao. Tang remonstrated officials more than Yushi.Zhongcheng Wen Zao Dao met Zuo Buque Li Yu, hui (hui) did not avoid, and those who captured followers were flogged and humiliated.Zuo Shiyi, Shu Yuanbao and others suggested: "Story enshrines the official but the prime minister. There is no evasion. Although the relics are humble, the courtiers are also. Although the Zhongcheng is high, the law officials are also." The phase value is the same. In the Song Dynasty, the system of the three provinces was abolished, and the Song Zhongshu was banned, and it was called the Zhengshitang, and the Privy Council was the two government.Shangshu and his subordinates are out, and no longer discuss with the court. Officials such as remonstrance and remonstrance were under the door, and those who were in the middle school were also abolished, so there was a court of remonstrance.It is independent from the prime minister. At that time, it was called "Taiwan Admonishment", which was almost merged into one post.The power and strength are equal to the prime minister. At that time, it was said that the appointment of admonishers and censors must be the best in the world.Those who have non-academic talents and are the highest in the world are not here.And the person who was in charge was not ten years old, and went to the stage to assist.Since Jianlong, there has been no crime.Even if there is a small responsibility, it will be super promoted immediately.Xu Yifeng heard, but no officials. The world ridiculed Renzong, the prime minister, but followed the purpose of admonishing Taiwan. An admonisher takes speech as his job, so he cannot be silent, and sometimes he regards speech as the most important thing, so he always seeks those who speak, but what can be said is what can be said.As for the object of admonishment, it has been turned into the prime minister instead of the emperor. If the prime minister wants to do something, he is bound to attract accusations and attacks from the admonishing officials. Therefore, Jianyuan was on par with the government, Zai Zhi and Taiwan Jian were enemies, and the courtiers were in trouble, as far as Hui and Qin. Also, civil servants like to talk, and they change their opinions day and night, which is often a great harm to political affairs.That is to say, it is discussed from the financial side, and later historians have already strongly argued its disadvantages. Song History Shihuo Zhi said: "The system of a big country is like a giant businessman's financial management. It does not seek short-term results but is expensive and far-reaching. When Song officials acted on a matter, they did not review it at the beginning. Grid. The later discussions were not better than the former ones, and then they were repeated as before. The top ones are not suitable for the ruler, and the bottom ones are for the people without self-confidence. Due to the divergence of revolutions, the chaos of right and wrong trade, and the fact that things are getting worse It’s even worse.” This discussion of the disease of the Song Dynasty’s good discussion is extremely serious, and it is also related to the system of admonishing officials. The third most important one is the decline of Xiangquan in the Song Dynasty.The political system of the Song Dynasty, although the system of the three provinces of the Tang Dynasty existed, was completely different in reality. In the early Song Dynasty, the prime minister and the Privy Council were symmetrical "two governments", but the prime minister did not get to know the military affairs in advance. The post of privy secretary, starting from the Tang Dynasty, is only like the order of the Han Zhongshu.Although it is sometimes said that he has the right to appoint a prime minister, he is appointed as an eunuch, not an official post of the imperial court.In the Five Dynasties, scholars were used more, and the power and position were really prime ministers.In Song Yinzhi, he served as the prime minister for civil affairs and the privy secretary for military affairs.Therefore, Emperor Taizong ordered Cao Bin to take Youzhou, but Prime Minister Li Fang and others did not know.When he attacked Liao, he summoned the Privy Council six times a day for discussion, but Zhongshu did not predict it.The dereliction of duty of the prime minister can be seen. In addition, the finances belong to the three divisions, and they are not obtained by the prime minister. The three divisions are the household division, the salt and iron division, and the Duzhi envoy division.Since the Tang Dynasty and Germany, soldiers and bandits have continued frequently, and funds have been exhausted. Therefore, the prime minister is also used to judge branch, salt, and iron.At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, it still inherited its legacy, and later, the three divisions broke away from the power of the prime minister and became independent.The official annals of the history of the Song Dynasty said: "The world's wealth and wealth, the inner court divisions, and the Chinese and foreign management treasury, are all affiliated to the three divisions."Afterwards, Wang Jinggong, as the chancellor, established the Three Divisions and Regulations Department to rectify the country's finances. Sima Wengong discussed his wrongdoing, saying: "The three divisions are in charge of the world's wealth. If they are not talented, they can be dismissed, and the two governments should not be allowed to invade their affairs." The power of the prime minister, apart from military wealth, is nothing greater than the promotion of officials and talents, and the prime minister of Song Dynasty was also dwarfed in this power. Song History Su Shenzou: "Emperor Taizong first used Zhao Pu, and proposed to set up the examination institute to divide the power of Zhongshu, and now the judge is also." The official court and the court of trial and punishment. In the third year of Chunhua, there were three classes of courts, and the examination hall was the most important. Since then, many close ministers have been ordered to master them." In addition, the ritual of the prime minister's sitting and discussing has also been abolished since the Song Dynasty. In the old system, the prime minister was ordered to sit in the hall as early as possible, and when there were major issues, he would discuss them, and often retreated calmly with tea.Since Yu ordered the removal of worship, punishment, rewards and abolishment, everything was detailed, and he was familiar with it, and it was planned to enter, from the ban on Chinese printing, to follow.It has not been changed since the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties.At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhi, Wang Pu, and Wei Renpu were in the prime minister, and Gu Zhazi was aroused to advance and stop in front of him.The phase body loses its dignity, which is different from the ancient system. Therefore, although the Song Dynasty was said to be centralized, its power was not in the prime minister.Although the owner is suspicious of the ministers and suppresses them, he can't just abolish the ministers and consolidate power in one person like the Ming Dynasty.Then the Song Dynasty system is suitable for it to be a weak sign, even if you encounter a ruler and minister with great achievements, such as Shenzong and Wang Anshi, you will have nothing to do with it. Therefore, as far as the royal family is concerned, although the Tang Dynasty is not as good as the Song Dynasty.However, Tang inherited the prosperity of the Northern Dynasties, and Song followed the ruined situation of the Five Dynasties.In the early Tang Dynasty, culture and education in the world had flourished, and the scale had been established early.Therefore, to gradually relax and gradually collapse is to indulge in extravagance.Song Dynasty built the world, and the dirt was thick, and it was difficult to clean it.Although it gradually develops and becomes brighter, it ends in making up for the day. After Zhiping had been peaceful for a hundred years, and between Qingli and Xining, some people rose up and wanted to renovate, which was naturally even more difficult.