Chapter 16 Chapter Thirteen: The Resurrection of the Unified Government: The Rise and Fall of the Western Jin Dynasty

The Qin and Han unified governments still had a period of time to shine, which was the Western Jin Dynasty. There were four emperors in the Western Jin Dynasty, and they were destroyed in fifty-two years. Less than 12 years after the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty, the government was in chaos, and Jia Hou, the Eight Kings, and even Huai and Min were taken into captivity, and unfortunate fates followed one after another.Analyzing the Jin Dynasty itself, there are also various shortcomings: 1. There is no bright ideal to guide it. 2. The corruption of noble families. An aristocratic family, without a good education, at most three or four, its descendants all tend to be ignorant and mediocre.The royal family of the Western Han Dynasty constantly had new spirits from the people.

The three emperors Gao, Hui, and Wen can all be said to have come from the fields, and from Emperor Jing to Emperor Wu, they began to lose their folk meaning.However, Emperor Xuan came from the people again, and he became ZTE.From Emperor Yuan to Emperor Cheng, Han began to decline.After Guangwu, Ming, and Zhang III of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it became weak. The Sima family has been passed down three or four times in the aristocratic atmosphere for decades.Yi, Shi, and Zhao's father and son Hu Mei secretly conspired to usurp him.Emperor Wu of Jin enjoys the first career, but also deeply infected with the legacy.

According to the biography of Hu Guipin in the Book of Jin: "Emperor Wu loved many things. After the peace of Wu, thousands of Sun Hao palaces were restored, and tens of thousands of people were in the palace, and there were many favors. The emperor didn't know what to do, and he often rode a sheep cart. What happened. The palace people took bamboo leaves and put them in the house, sprinkled salt juice on the ground, and led the emperor's chariot." This is the lack of Jin Wu. At that time, Sa Ming's heroes also came from several aristocratic and bureaucratic families, and had never breathed the new air of the people.

Moreover, if the family's traditional customs are not quite bad, it will not be easy to adapt to the end of the Han Dynasty, the Cao Wei Dynasty and the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, and it will still be a hero of Zuo Ming. Therefore, the Jin Dynasty was just a corrupt and old bureaucratic group from the beginning, which was different from the new civil regime. Emperor Wu's son, Emperor Huidi, was known as unwisdom. When he heard that people were starving to death, he said, "Why don't you eat minced meat?"In the first year of Yuankang, Empress Jia refused to serve the Empress Dowager as a woman, and wanted to intervene in politics, so she issued an imperial edict, accusing the Empress Dowager's father Yang Jun of rebellion, killing him, the Yi tribe, and his wife Pang.The Empress Dowager shouted in her arms, cut off her hair, and presented her as a concubine to the Empress Jia, asking for her mother's order.unconscious.Dong Yang traveled to Taixue, ascended to the hall, and sighed: "What will the imperial court do to build this hall? The principle of heaven and man will be destroyed, and great chaos will start." Since then, the Eight Kings have been called to rebellion.

The royal family has this weakness, but also the withering of the vitality of the society, such as the loss of true yang after a serious illness.At that time, there were Hu people living together in the mainland.External evils took advantage of it, and then came to Shen Du. At that time, the commentators all regarded the feudalism of Jin and Wu, so they called the Eight Kings Rebellion.I don't know that the Wei family is isolated, and it will be overturned early. The fundamental disease is not here. The Hu people lived together in the interior, which began as far back as the Han Dynasty.

(1) Emperor Xuan of the Xiongnu Nahu Hanxie lived in a pavilion and entrusted him to wait and see. Later, there was the so-called "protection within the fortress"; during the time of Guangwu, tens of thousands of Huns moved south to live in Meiji, Xihe; The Yellow Turban moved south to Lishi; Dong Zhuo's rebellion invaded Taiyuan and Hedong, and they gathered in Hanoi.During the time of Wei Wu, it was divided into five groups, all of which lived on the shore of Fenjian in Jinyang. (2) Di Qiang Zhao Chongguo attacked Xi Qiang and moved to Jincheng County.At the end of the Han Dynasty, Guanzhong was dilapidated, and Wei Wu moved to Wudu to Qinchuan, hoping to use it to control Shu.

At the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, there were Xianbei in the east and west of Liaodong, the Xiongnu outside Juzhu and between the east and west, and the Hu in Beidi, Shangjun, and Longxi counties. Xianbei, Di, and Qiang all lived together under the name of "Baosai". Liu Kuang (kuang) said: "From the Eastern Han Dynasty to Cao and Ma, Qiang and Di were recruited, and the inner wall of the fortress was paid more than in the past. The chief of a hundred people, the head of a thousand mouths, gold seals and purple ribbons, food princes Those who support it are half as good as the court."

From Deng Ai in the Three Kingdoms period to Guo Qin and Jiang Tong in the early Jin Dynasty, they all suggested moving to the army, but to no avail. 1. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the inhabitants of Northwest China have been desolate. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo, Ma Teng, and Han Sui were in chaos in Guan and Liang, and the Black Mountain bandits Liu Yu and Gongsun Zan fought in Hebei.Second, because of the civil war, he had no intention of doing so. After the Eight Kings Rebellion, the Hu people went south, and Huai and Min were covered in dust. Thirty-one years after the Jin Dynasty, Liu Yao and Shi Le entered Luoyang, Emperor Huai was captured, and more than 30,000 princes, officials, and scholars died.

Five years after Emperor Huai was captured, Liu Yao entered Chang'an, Emperor Min was captured, and the Jin Dynasty died. The captivity of the two emperors Huai and Min was originally a phenomenon that should have occurred in this period of history, but it was just like King Hongnong and King Chenliu of the Han Dynasty, King Wei Ji, and Gaogui Xianggong.It only proves the end of the emperor, and the non-existence of the central unified government in this period.However, the capture of Huai and Min was also mixed with the issue of Hu and Han races.Let's take a look at the reaction of the Chinese people to this incident at that time.

(1) Emperor Liu Cong named Emperor Huai the Duke of Kuaiji County, and said calmly: "Qing was the king of Yuzhang in the past, and I and Wang Wuzi made Qing, do you remember?" Didn't know Longyan earlier." Cong said: "Why is the Qing family fraternal?" The emperor said: "So it is God's will that His Majesty drives each other out." (2) Empress Liu Yao accepted Queen Huiyang and asked, "How am I like a Sima family?" Later, he said: "Hu Ke said it together? Your majesty is the master of the foundation; the secret husband of the subjugated country has a wife, a son and three ears. I can't protect you. How can I have a concubine today? I was born in a noble family, so it is said that all men in the world are the same. Since I served the scarf, I knew that there is a husband in the world."

(3) Minister Shi Le held Wang Yan and asked him about the history of Jin.Yan was the cause of Chen's misfortune, saying that "it's not up to me", and it is also said that "you don't care about things when you are young", because of persuading Le to be honored.Le said: "The king's name covers the whole world, and a young man ascends to the court. As for the white head, why don't you say nothing! Destroying the world is the king's crime." Then he killed him. (4) The general Mindi was besieged in Chang'an, and the servant Zhongzong sent the letter of surrender.Suo Wei stayed open and asked his son to talk about Liu Yao, saying: "The food in the city is still a year old. If Xu Wei rides on a chariot, Yitong, and Wanhu Jungong, please come down from the city." Yao beheaded and sent his head. , Said: "The emperor's teacher acts with righteousness, and if he says so, the evil in the world is the same. If the soldiers are not fed, they can barely stick to it." After he surrendered, Liu Cong was killed in Dongshi for his infidelity. (5) The clan Jun, Wang Shenzi, inherited Jia's decree to harm the prince.And when the chaos arises, for self-safety, the female wife Xianbei is used to keep the dust away, and seeks to rebel.Shi Le pretended to be the title of superior, Jun believed in it, and died because of his obsession. "Mingjiao" extremely despises the monarchs and ministers, men and women, who have no shame and integrity, just like the Hu people who have a little knowledge of Sinology and a rough understanding of righteousness. During the unification period of the Han Dynasty, there were two places that represented the political center of China and also the cultural center: one was Chang'an, and the other was Luoyang. Chang'an represents the combination of the east and west of China, with the capital at the forefront, leading the struggle for the outward development of the country's national power.Luoyang represents China's stable state, the harmony between the south and the north; the capital is located in the center, and a peaceful state in which the national power of the country is freely stretched. Chang'an was dilapidated from the rebellion of Wang Mang's last years, followed by the rebellion of Dong Zhuo; when Emperor Min moved the capital, there were less than 100 households in Chang'an.The walls are ruined, Artemisia thorns are growing into forests, and there are only four public and private cars. Luoyang has been the center of Chinese cultural relics since the Three Kingdoms.At the beginning of the year, celebrities and celebrities flourished in Luoxia.When Liu Yao fell to Luoyang, there were more than 30,000 dead among princes and officials. Wang Mi's army plundered, but Yao Jin refused to obey, so he cut off his teeth and Wang Yanyi, and Mi then attacked with Yao's soldiers. The Jin family crossed to the south, and the five tribes rose up. Yan and Zhao were in the east, Qin and Liang were in the west, surrounded by four sides, facing Jin and Shu, like a ring, and there was just one central point, Luoyang, where everyone moved forward and back, abandoned it and did not live there. . At that time, Luoyang was called Wasteland. Chen Qingzhi said to Emperor Wu of Liang: "Since the end of the Jin Dynasty, Luoyang has been called a barren land." Huan Wen discussed moving the capital to Luoyang, and Sun Chuo dismissed it, saying: "Since the Sang Rebellion, for more than 60 years, the common people have been wiped out, and no one is left behind. Heluoqiu is empty, Hanxia is depressed. Wells (yin) wood magazines, fields and fields are destroyed. Physiology is vast, and there is no place to return to." For example, at the core of a great whirlwind, the surroundings are turbulent and frightening, while the center is empty. This form lasted for hundreds of years.It wasn't until Wei Xiaowen returned to Luodu that China began to have a center of cultural renaissance.Afterwards, after the Er Zhurong Rebellion, the luck was cut short.Until the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it still started in the northwest to unify China, and established Chang'an and Luoyang as the east and west capitals. It has two situations of outward struggle and aggressiveness and inward peace and relaxation, which fully symbolizes the greatness of China. The return of unification and prosperity. Representing the weakening state of this period, one is the destruction of the Chongyuan cultural center, and the other is the invasion of foreign religions.