Chapter 6 Chapter Three: The Creation and Prosperity of the Feudal Empire and the Rise and Fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty

Zhou people originated in the West. The so-called West is also comparatively speaking.Wen Wang Chuqi, that is, in the Qizhou of Bicheng, is a few miles away from the northeast of Xianyang.Then the so-called Taiwang went to Bin, and the one who surpassed Liangshan and fell to Qishan was safe, that is, the Qi of King Wen.Later generations also called it the land of Qifeng.It is suspected that Bin is in Bincheng, Shanxi, and that after crossing Liangshan, he fled to the west, not moved to the east.The activity area of ​​the ancestors of the Zhou people was also in the four circles of the west of Dahe. Later, it was mistakenly referred to as Fengxiang Qishan.

Compared with Xia and Shang, it seems to be a latecomer. According to historical records, the previous lineage of King Wen of Zhou is not as detailed as that of Yin and Shang.However, the prince Jin said in the Zhou language: Wei Biao said: It is all in line with the historical records.Today, the fifteenth generation from King Wen is only slightly contemporaneous with Shang Tang. The historical records say that the sons of Zhou and Zhou were not suitable for the decline of Xiahou's government.It seems that the Zhou Dynasty was a latecomer in culture, and its ancestors were pushed up to the Yu Dynasty to compare with Xia and Shang.

King Wu destroyed Yin and combined the east and west of the Yellow River more closely, creating a more splendid and greater dynasty in ancient Chinese history, which is the Western Zhou Dynasty. There are poems and books in the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the historical materials are better than those of the Yin Dynasty.However, the historical records are not yet clear about its calendar, and the emperor's succession is as follows: The eleventh and twelve monarchs of the Western Zhou Dynasty have a calendar of about three hundred years. The Chronicle of the Twelve Princes in the Historical Records is a total of 71 years from the first year of the Republic to the end of King You, and there is no examination of the above anniversaries.However, the Lu family records the years of the princes of Lu from below Boqin to the year before the Republic, a total of 157 years, but the generation of Boqin is missing.If Liu Xin's three reigns were made up for the forty-six years of Boqin's calendar, the total would be two hundred and seventy-four years.It was still more than ten years since the founding of the Zhou Dynasty until Boqin granted the title of Lu, so we know that the Western Zhou Dynasty did not last more than three hundred years.

The century-old history of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the most important thing is the creation of the feudal regime. The feudalism of the Zhou people was gradually forced out by the actual needs of the situation at that time, and it was also a manifestation of the great courage of the Zhou people in their political organization. Wang Guowei commented on the system of Yin and Zhou Dynasties: The introduction seems to be too slack in looking at historical events and not seeing power, and only divides the world according to the private relationship of the family, which is not as serious as the founding of the country in the early Zhou Dynasty.It's just a fantasy isolated from historical facts.Moreover, the Yin people have passed on their sons for five generations since Geng Ding, and it is unknown why.By the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, there were quite signs of being a virtuous monarch, perhaps for the sake of fighting for strength.For example, Tai Wang gave up Taibo and Yu Zhong to establish Wang Ji, which is the first time to establish a virtuous person.King Wen's eldest son, Boyi Kao, and his second son, Fa, and She Boyi Kao became King Wu, who was the second Lixian.

After King Wu destroyed Zhou, he could not completely eradicate the power of the Yin people, so he still enshrined Zhou's son as his father in Yin, and set up three supervisors in Zhou Dynasty to supervise Wu Geng's close proximity. Wu Wang Xing Er, second Guan Shuxian, second Zhou Gongdan, second Cai Shudu, second Huo Shuchu, second Kang Shufeng.King Wu entrusted Guan and Cai, but Duke Zhou did not foresee it. Among his younger brothers, Duke Zhou was the most virtuous, and King Wu introduced him to help govern the state affairs and coordinate the overall situation, so he was not sealed outside.

Other countries such as Lu, Yan, and Qi were all located south of Cheng Zhou. There is Lushan County in Henan today.Poetry Palace: "Jichang and Xu, to restore Zhougong's space." Xu and Zheng Mier are also in Henan. The original word for "Yan" is "苦". Now there is Yan County in Henan Province, which is close to Zhaoling, and it should be the place where Zhaogong was first entrusted.Qi is a relative of the Zhou Dynasty, and the national language is: "Qi, Xu, Shen, and Lu Youda Jiang". The three kingdoms of Xu, Shen, and Lu are all in the present Henan border, so the initial seal of Qi should also be close to the Three Kingdoms.Perhaps it was originally Lu, so Tai Gong was called Lu Wang, Ding Gong was called Lu Ji, and later they were divided into Qi.

This is the feudalism of the first phase of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Probably the power of the Zhou people gradually invaded eastward and divided into two lines, operating the upper reaches of the Han River from Feng to the southeast, and gradually reaching the Huai area. This King Wen has already laid the foundation.From Feng and Hao to the northeast, through Guanhe, Luo, and to Yin and Shang, it is the new initiative of King Wu.The feudalism at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty was the preliminary result of the expansion of the two fronts. In the second year of King Wu Keyin, the world was not peaceful and collapsed.This is the most serious situation at the beginning of the week.As a last resort, there is the regent of Duke Zhou.

If it is passed on to a son, he will become a king and still be young, and he will not be able to support this crisis.If you want to pass on to your younger brother, you should first reach Uncle Guan. Duke Zhou knows that Uncle Guan is not enough for this important task.If you pass on the virtuous, you belong to the Duke of Zhou. However, the Duke of Zhou is in the middle and presides over the government. He dislikes taking it for himself, so he has no choice but to serve as the regent of King Ruzi. Uncle Guan didn't understand Zhou Gong's painstaking efforts, so Wu Geng took the opportunity to incite him, and the third supervisor was transferred to Yin Tongpan.

At that time, the power of the entire old Yin Dynasty in the East rose all at once. There are three supervisors, Yin, Yan, Xiong Yingzu, Huaiyi, and Xu Rong. The Duke of Zhou personally marched eastward and killed Guan Shu.To stabilize chaos is to redefine the country. 1. Lu—Zhou Gongzi Boqin attacked Huaiyi and Xu Rong, and he was entrusted to Lu. 2. Qi - Feng Tai Gongzi Ding Gong Yu Qi.Since the new titles of Lu and Qi, the power of the Zhou people began to cross Yin and reach the seashore in the east. 3. Wei - Feng Kangshu was granted to Wei, and the seven clans of the Yin people were obtained.Since then, the Hebei base of the Yin Dynasty, which has been under the rule of the Zhou people for 300 years, has been handed over to the Zhou people.

4. Song Dynasty—Feng Weizi was born in Song Dynasty.The Zhou people were not yet able to completely rule the Yin family, but conferred the sages of the royal family in their homeland since Tang, still showing that the Zhou people had no intention of destroying the Yin family. 5. Jin Dynasty—Font Tang Shu in Xia Ruins, this is the main way for the Zhou people to go straight to the Ruins from the south bank of the Dahe River. Sixth, Cai——Feng Caizhong Yu Cai, this is the extreme east point of Zhou people's management of the southern country.Since then, the north circled and echoed with Lu and Qi, as well as Yuwei and Jin, while the people of Song Dynasty were surrounded by freedom.

7. The Eastern Capital—Duke Zhou also managed Luoyi as the Eastern Capital.Set Yin stubborn people Yan.The emperor often came to station himself to control the east and connect with the new states. This can be described as the second feudalism of the Zhou people.The states of Lu and Qi all stretched and moved eastward. Haojing and Qufu of Lu are like the two extremes of an ellipse, and Luoyi and Song are the two centers of it.The people of Zhou spread their long arms from the northeast and southeast, suppressing the Yin and Song Dynasties between the elbows. This was a state-building situation in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the feudal cause was completed here. In the twenty-fourth year of Zuo Xi, Fu Chen said: "In the past, the Duke of Zhou did not care about his second uncle, so the feudal relatives used Fan to screen Zhou. Guan, Cai, , Huo, Lu, Wei, Mao, Dan, Gao, . Yin Ye." In the twenty-eighth year of Zuo Zhao, Cheng Qi said: "King Wu conquered Shang, and he ruled the world. There are ten or five brothers in the country, and forty-one people in the country with the surname Ji." Xunzi Ruxiao said: "The Duke of Zhou also ruled the world, established seventy-one countries, and fifty-three people surnamed Ji lived alone." Zuo Zhao said in the twenty-sixth year: "Wu Wang conquered Yin, Cheng Wang calmed the four directions, Kang Wang rested the people, and established his mother and younger brother, with Fan Ping Zhou." The general trend of feudal development at the beginning of this Zhou Dynasty, its details are not available. Duke Zhou took the regent for seven years, and then returned to King Cheng, so the system of Zhou people's succession to sons was established. The feudalism of the Western Zhou Dynasty was a kind of aggressive armed immigration and military occupation, which was completely different from the unified government of later generations who only used feudalism as a division of political regions and political power.Therefore, behind the feudal system, a constant force is needed to implement it.Zhou people established a state, which is a situation of sitting west and facing east.The movement of its national power can be divided into two general trends. The first route leaves Tongguan from Shaanxi, goes to Xianghe, Luo, and reaches Dongdu, operating the lower reaches of the Yellow River.This is the line of King Wu's conquest of Yin and Duke Zhou's eastward expedition. The second route goes out of Wuguan from Shaanxi to Jiangjiang and Han, and operates Nanyang, Nanjun area, and Huaiyu area.This is the first line of King Wen Hua's trip to the southern country. The failure of King Zhao's southern expedition was a setback for the Zhou people's power to expand eastward on the second line. King Mu's westward expedition was the expansion of the Zhou people's power in the east. According to the legend of King Mu's westward expedition, according to the biography of Emperor Mu, it is from Luoyi to cross the Zhangshui River, stop the Taihang, follow Hutuo, and march northward to Quanrong, which is still the continuation of the first line.If it goes westward, it may not go out of the northwestern part of Shaanxi, and go as far as Gansu. Xuan Wang Zhongxing, his force to recruit operators, is still these two ways. Poetry Jianghan, Zhao Mu fair Huai Yi also.Shi Changwu, Yin Jifu conquered Xu Rong also.This is King Xuan's southern expedition, following the second line above.The poem is out of the car, Shuofang in Nanzhong City, cutting down Yunyun and Xirong.In the sixth month of the poem, Yin Jifu attacked Yun Yun to Taiyuan.Poetry is collected, and Fang Shu conquers Manjing.This is King Xuan's Northern Expedition, following the first line mentioned above. The influence of the Zhou people continued to expand to these two routes, and the feudal cause of the Zhou people also continued to advance. Poetry Jianghan, summoning tigers to penetrate the territory, Xishan Tutian; Poem Song Gao, seal Shen Boyi to Xie; Poetry to promote the people, seal Zhongshan Fu to the East.According to these poems, it can be seen that the feudal work of the Western Zhou Dynasty was still in progress until the time of King Xuan.Building feudalism is one of the nation-building work of the Zhou people, who continued to immigrate and cultivate with arms in various important places in the East.The state of the Zhou Dynasty also continued to expand and enrich. Western Zhou Dynasty has been operated by force for a hundred years, and its orientation is always facing the southeast, not the northwest. King You was killed by the dog army and was killed at the foot of Mount Li. It seems that the dog army lived in the southeast of Zhou. According to Zuo Zhuan in the fourth year of Zhaogong: "Zhou You was an alliance of the Taishi, and the Rong and Di rebelled against it." These Rong and Di are near Taishi Mountain in the southwest of Henan Province, which proves one. Quanrong was summoned by the Marquis of Shen, who was in Wan County, Nanyang, where there is the former site of Shencheng in Nanyang, Henan today.During the time of King Xuan, Shen moved to Xie, a little south of today's Nanyang.Dali’s country is thousands of miles southeast of Zhou, just like Quanrong is in the northwest of Zhou, far apart, why did Marquis Shen cross Zhou and join Rong, and why did Rong cross Zhou and join Shen, the situation is different, proof two. According to Zheng Yu, Shen, Xirong, and Zong were united at that time.Zuo Zhuan: "The people of Chu sent Fangcheng to Zengguan." Then Zeng is close to Fangcheng and borders Shen, proof three. King You and the coalition forces of Shen, Zong and Xirong encountered Lishan Mountain, which was located between Zhou Haojing and Shen and Zong.Evidence four. After King You died, the Zhou Dynasty split up. Bamboo Book Chronicle: "Shenhou, Luhou, Xu Wengong established Ping Wang Yushen, Guogong Han Liping Prince Yuchen Yuxie. On Tuesday, the kings stood side by side. Twenty years later, Xiewang was killed by Jin Wenhou." This matter is lost in historical records. .The meaning of Dayan in the New Tang Book is that "Feng, Qi, Li, and Xie are all divided into quail heads, the land of Yongzhou", which is a place name similar to Xie Naiqi and Feng.Guo Gongli and the king are actually upholding justice.Xu and Shen have the same surname, so they help King Ping.And this year, there is still Zheng Zheng who is the king of Tongliping.Duke Huan of Zheng was Zhou Situ. Seeing that Zhou was in chaos, he planned to move eastward.Duke Wu of Zheng married Shenhou's daughter as his wife, named Wu Jiang, so Zheng and Shen also conspired together. Lu is the closest and most important country of the Eastern feudalism of the Zhou family, so the three kingdoms of Shen, Xu, and Zheng are under the guise of its name.Marquis Kai Wen of Jin coveted the land on the west bank of the Yellow River, so he raised troops to kill the king and annexed it himself.King Ping Deqi killed Yu, but was unable to reclaim his homeland, so he established a temporary bureau in Shennai, so he moved east to Luoyi.Zheng Wugong took advantage of this to merge with Guo, so he said: "Zhou moved to the east, and Jin and Zheng Yanyi." The Qin people also took advantage of the invasion and occupation of Qixi, and had good relations with Jin and Lianyang.This is the general situation of some princes in the West when the Western Zhou Dynasty moved eastward. And King Ping moved to the east, suspected of patricide, and was not returned to the team for justice, and the prestige of the Zhou family as the master of the world was also wiped out, and this became the hegemony of the Spring and Autumn Period. Ping Wang Xuanjiu is Shen Hou's nephew, and Shen Hou fights for the throne for his nephew.Therefore, in uniting Quan Rong to kill King You, all the countries that supported Ping Wang, such as Xu, Shen, Zheng, Jin, Qin, Quan Rong, etc., had ulterior motives and formed an unjust group, which was despised by the Eastern princes.Therefore, after the Zhou family moved eastward, the government order suddenly disintegrated.