Chapter 3 Chapter Two Begins with Gambling and Ends with Gambling

Zhang Zuolin started from gambling, and before leaving Beijing, he also took a gamble.At the same time, the Kwantung Army who wanted to murder him also took a gamble.This is a gamble of life. For the Japanese, Zhang Zuolin, who should have been easy to handle in the impression, has gradually drifted away.The reason is nothing more than the same one - this chef doesn't look at the recipes for the art of war! It must not be left alone. In April of the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), the retired general Tanaka Yoshiichi (the 8th phase of Luda) formed a cabinet. After serving as foreign minister, he immediately declared that he would adopt a "positive policy towards China".

What kind of "positive" method? The Eastern Conference 3 months later gave the answer. At this meeting, the next step in the China policy was specifically determined, that is, it is not enough to engage in diplomatic protests and other innocuous gadgets, and it is necessary to start using fists. The background at that time was that China had entered a new historical turning point, which was the beginning of the first Northern Expedition. The Northern Expedition was jointly initiated by the KMT and the Communist Party. The Northern Expedition marched forward triumphantly, first unifying Guangdong and Guangxi, and then became a blockbuster, even defeating Wu Peifu, who was known as capable of fighting among the Beiyang warlords.

Through observation, the Japanese side believes that the Northern Expeditionary Army is a new type of army composed of Huangpu elites, which already has the embryonic form of a "party army". Compared with the Beiyang army, it is "totally different". It's not far off.Although Zhang Zuolin still had Sun Chuanfang in front of him, as long as the Northern Expeditionary Army attacked, Sun Chuanfang would not be able to stop him. In that case, the Fengjun might also lose. After Feng Jun returned to Manchuria, Zhang Zuolin still would not make concessions to us Japan in view of Zhang Zuolin's previous performance of "no loyalty".what to do?

Representatives of the Kwantung Army at the meeting made an astonishing suggestion: Disarm! At Shanhaiguan, all Fengjun's weapons were handed over, turning Zhang Zuolin into a toothless tiger.His teeth are gone, even if we let him go back to Manchuria, we can do whatever we want him to do, so that the issues involving "Manchuria's rights and interests" can be "solved in one go." As a result, the weapons that were handed over to the army were approved by Tanaka and included in the resolutions of the Eastern Conference. In addition, they were also very afraid of the Northern Expedition initiated by the Guangzhou government. They regarded it as a "serious problem" and proposed to at least stop the Northern Expedition in North China.

Before the Japanese did anything, problems arose within the revolutionary camp. It was because the Kuomintang suddenly turned its face and refused to recognize anyone, staged a "April 12" coup, and moved a knife against the Communist Party that had fought side by side.This move is tantamount to hurting one's own wings and greatly weakening the strength of the Northern Expedition.Four months later, the Northern Expedition Army's attack on Xuzhou was defeated. So far, the first Northern Expedition finally started with glory and ended in disgrace. If it fails, someone must take responsibility. There are thousands of doors, and there is always one person who has to go first.

A total of four people were in charge of the military command. In addition to Chiang Kai-shek, who was the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition, there were Bai Chongxi, He Yingqin, and Li Zongren. Who to let out?Everyone looked at Lao Jiang, and the leader was "Little Zhuge" Bai Chongxi, who was known as the most capable of fighting. Lao Jiang couldn't hold back anymore, he looked at He Yingqin, because Li Bai belonged to the Gui family, and only He Yingqin could wear a pair of trousers with him. Sadly, He Yingqin lowered his head. Really sad.Lao Jiang stomped his feet and had no choice but to leave.

Since you can't stay in your arms, let's enjoy it after leaving. Lao Jiang went to Japan.The good things in this world, apart from being an official, are marrying a wife. The latter thing was done very well, and it was done as soon as it was mentioned in the Song family. The mother-in-law looked at her son-in-law, the more she looked at her, the happier she was, and she could embrace the beauty.While Lao Jiang was full of ambition, he started to do a major event that was more meaningful to his future. He visited dignitaries in Tokyo, but the most important meeting was with Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka.

Although he was already a commoner at this time, everyone could see that it was only a matter of time before this generation returned to power.The Japanese also know this very well, otherwise, as the prime minister of the country, it is too late to take care of everything, so what time do you have to chat with you, a small commoner. When Sun Yat-sen founded the Kuomintang and started the national revolution, Japan supported it. Big political figures like Inuyang Takeshi and Toyama Man were old friends with the pioneers.Lao Jiang took it for granted that Japan would continue to support his Northern Expedition.But he was disappointed, because a basin of cold water was poured over Tanaka's head.

Tanaka said, haven’t you already reached Nanjing? Let’s be content with it. It’s enough to unify the Yangtze River Basin. Why go further to the north (“Why is the Northern Expedition so urgent”)? Lao Jiang's heart immediately turned cold. Without the Northern Expedition and unifying the country, how can the Kuomintang win the world? What do the Japanese mean? Later, Lao Jiang cited the example of the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, saying that they also entered Nanjing City, but they were destroyed by the Qing Dynasty in a short time, and the Beiyang government was the same. If I don’t destroy him, he will destroy me .

Even in the conversation, Lao Jiang did not hesitate to touch the interests of the other party: China will not be stable if it is not unified, and you are very close neighbors, so naturally you will not be stable (“It is a serious problem for China, and it is not a benefit for Japan.” ). However, Lao Jiang noticed that no matter how hard he tried, Tanaka never changed his original intention. When he heard the word "unification", his face immediately changed as if he was bitten by a snake ("Noir's expression changed "). We can't talk anymore.What a failure. In fact, both sides have already touched the other's hole card, which is "unifying China".

In a nutshell, Japan encourages China to divide and does not want reunification.In his eyes, China is a big pie, and only when it is taken apart can it be easier to talk about it.As a self-proclaimed Japanese prime minister, Tanaka would rather deal with two princes who ruled the North and the South than a unified central government. It was not only Tanaka who thought this way, but the Japanese military and political circles at that time had such a "sense of crisis", that is, no matter who unified China, they would treat Japan with a new face of master. Zhang Zuolin was a ready-made example.Compared with the northern government, the southern government will only be worse than the northern government.According to this trend, its slogan of overthrowing imperialism will fall on Japan sooner or later, and in the future it will inevitably involve the "Manchurian question" and "recovering lost territory." This failed conversation made Lao Jiang feel stuck in his throat, realizing that Tanaka "has no sincerity" and that China and Japan will have no "possibility of cooperation" in the future. The vision of the Japanese is not wrong.Just turning around, Lao Jiang completed a gorgeous turn.When I came back, it was even more beautiful than before I left.In addition to continuing to serve as the commander-in-chief of the three armies, Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan were added to the allies, and the forces of the Northern Expedition became stronger. In April of the seventeenth year of the Republic of China (1928), the four brothers Jiang, Feng, Yan, and Li jointly organized the second Northern Expedition. They called for the realization of domestic reunification and launched an attack on Fengjun. Without any accidents, the Japanese also took action. This is the "Jinan tragedy". The impact and consequences of the "Jinan Massacre" were unexpected for both China and Japan, including the governments of the North and the South. The second Northern Expedition, Feng Yan in the north and Jiang Li in the south, both wanted to grab the first victory in Beijing.Lao Jiang was even more impatient, wishing he could occupy Beijing immediately, show his merits in front of the people of the country, and pass his addiction to being a leader. The fastest way is of course to take the train.At that time, there were two routes, one was the Ping-Han line and the other was the Jin-Pu line. From Lao Jiang’s point of view, there was no route closer than going north from Jinpu. I have to make a detour and go to Wuhan by car.Therefore, he would rather let Li Zongren go from Pinghan, and he would go along the Jinpu line. In that case, Lao Li would not be able to run him even if he had two legs. But on the other hand, while technical issues are simple, political issues are as complex as they need to be.Because Japan's interests in Shandong are relatively concentrated, and there are many soldiers stationed there.They regarded the passage of the Northern Expeditionary Army through Shandong, especially Jinan, as a violation of its "imperial interests". As early as the first Northern Expedition, Japan sent troops to intervene.It's just that the Northern Expeditionary Army failed to enter Shandong because of its defeat.Now is the second Northern Expedition, will it be interfered? Lao Jiang has also considered this issue. Since the Kuomintang and the Communist Party broke up completely, the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Soviet Union was considered hopeless. Because it broke into the British "interest circle" in the Yangtze River Basin, it also blushed with England. As for the United States, don't mention it. At that time, it was the American Empire Doctrine, the main target of the national revolution, how can one of the two tigers be good friends with it. But when you are away from home, the rivers and lakes are dangerous, so you must have a friend or a backer. As I said before, Lao Jiang laid the foundation for his comeback in Japan after he left the field, and his intention was to draw Japan to rely on him, but Tanaka's answer disappointed him greatly. However, he still has expectations for Japan at this time. The Japanese say they want to oppose the Communist Party, and he also opposes the Communist Party. There is no difference in thinking. In his heart, although Lao Jiang no longer expected Japan to help the Kuomintang wholeheartedly, he could not see any reason for these people to tear down his power. Now that he passed Jinan, he said hello in advance and checked the Japanese's tone.Toichi Sasaki, Assistant Military Officer of the Japanese Legation in Nanjing (Lu Da No. 29), gave him a reassurance: Prime Minister Tanaka asked me to bring you a message. The Japanese government will not stop the actions of the Northern Expedition. Please rest assured. The Prime Minister has reassured me, so why should I be afraid. This time, he not only had to let his troops enter Beijing first, but also lead the troops himself. Just in case, Lao Jiang coaxed Sasaki over, took him with him, and went north with him.What he didn't expect was that the Japanese army "preemptively struck" and sent the 6th Division (Kumamoto Division) over. When the conflict broke out between the two sides, Sasaki and the like were useless. The bomb dropped by the Japanese plane was terminated. Lao Jiang was so eager to go to Beijing to eat candied haws. He may have forgotten what Tanaka said to him in Tokyo last year: "Why is the Northern Expedition in such a hurry?" What Tanaka promised was that he would not prevent the Northern Expeditionary Army from moving in the south, but he would definitely not be happy if he crossed Shandong and went to North China. You have to look at what people rely on to attract business-positive, even his "weak predecessor" sent troops to Jinan, can he stand aside and watch the scenery? As for why the Japanese troops who entered Jinan were so crazy, it was because their "professionalism" far exceeded Tanaka's requirements. Tanaka asked them to prevent the Northern Expedition from passing Jinan, but they wanted to scare them well. Chinese, even Europeans and Americans: If you are disobedient, if you say you can't cross the border, you can't cross the border. When Lao Jiang was frightened, he called that Sasaki, and gave him a severe scolding in front of his face, saying that our revolutionary army might not be able to be friends with your Japanese army in the future ("cannot support"). Although the words are harsh, the hands dare not be hot.After Lao Jiang suffered a secret loss, he had no choice but to "bear the burden of humiliation" and ordered the Northern Expeditionary Army in Jinan to retreat and retreat to the south of Xuzhou, while other follow-up troops went around Jinan. Everyone said that Lao Jiang suffered such a loss, but in fact it was far more than that. Since the large army could not go north, he had to give up the plan to lead his own troops into Peiping, and handed over the work of North China to Feng Yan. Successfully, its actual influence on the North remains minimal. Gritting your teeth and having to swallow blood, this taste is too uncomfortable.So far, Lao Jiang has lost the last bit of illusion that he intended to gain Japan's glory. Let's put aside the Three People's Principles and the Five Powers Constitution for the time being, and put the "national humiliation" at the top.This is true of domestic affairs, and the direction of diplomacy has also changed in an all-round way, and it has begun to move closer to the United States, which was once the most disdainful.Due to the rapid changes, even Chiang's brother-in-law, Foreign Minister Huang Yu was thrown out of the game. It's not that Huang Yu made any big mistakes, but that he has lost his "value" in Lao Jiang's mind.Lao Jiang originally relied on him to conduct diplomacy with Japan. Since the Kuomintang intends to get close to the United States, it has to be replaced by the British and American faction. This person is Wang Zhengting's successor. At that time, the relationship between China and Japan was tense, and Lao Jiang was in a hurry to go to the doctor. He hoped to use Lao Mei's tiger skin to scare the Japanese quickly, creating a false impression that the United States would come to support him if the other side forced him too quickly, so he didn't care about brotherhood at all. He personally sent a telegram to Huang Yu, asking him to step down from the position of foreign minister, and to do so quickly ("Brother, please resign temporarily, and hope to hurry"). Huang Yu was dumbfounded, resigned from his official position, and went to Moganshan with tears in his eyes. The "Jinan tragedy" stimulated Lao Jiang deeply, and it can be said that it cannot be added.After many years, Chiang Kai-shek's diary, which had been locked in the archives, was finally declassified.People saw some old Jiang's "unspoken secrets" in it. He wrote three words in his diary that day: "non-resistance", but every day after that he would add two words: "revenge of shame", and he would also come up with an extra golden idea to explain how to "resist" Avenging shame" can be considered painstaking. After the "Jinan Massacre", the Beiyang government headed by Zhang Zuolin was also greatly shaken.When the Japanese army fought the Northern Expeditionary Army in Jinan, the Feng army did not take advantage of the momentum, but chose to withdraw from Shandong quickly. At that time, there was a tendentious opinion among the Beiyang soldiers that the fight should not continue. If you fight against me, I will fight against you. In the end, Japan will only profit from it (“Domestic political disputes cause outsiders to take advantage of the gap, what is worse than humiliating me”) Therefore, the approach that should be taken is to "quickly end the internal strife and unify the outside world." But the north said to stop, what if the south still doesn't give up? Regardless of it, we won the "Axiom" before the battle, and we will have face even if we leave the customs. This opinion was first supported by Yang Yuting and Zhang Xueliang, who were in charge of the military on the front line in Hebei, but they pointed out that in order to avoid excessive stimulation of the Japanese, it is best not to mention the word "foreign" in public ("Don't speak out to the outside world. Inciting Japan's backlash"). The boss, Zhang Zuolin, thought it was right, and set the tone: Let's do it this way! On May 9th in the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), the Beijing government presided over by Zhang Zuolin sent a telegram to the whole country, announcing a "truce", and at the same time ordered the frontline troops to retreat, so that the Nanjing government could make room to deal with the Japanese. The day was specially chosen by Lao Zhang. On this day thirteen years ago, Yuan Shikai was forced to accept the "Twenty-One" and it has since become China's National Humiliation Day (that is, "May 9th National Humiliation").Lao Zhang's intention could not be more obvious. He wants to use this move to justify the name of the Beiyang soldiers and wash away the shame of the past. Since there was no "external" item in the power supply, the Japanese government thought that Zhang Zuolin would not be able to handle it in the customs at that time, so they had the idea of ​​taking advantage of the fire and looting. It's a long story to mention this matter. After Zhang Zuolin entered the customs, while he was not in Fengtian, the Japanese Consul General Yoshida Shigeru approached the Governor of Fengtian and demanded that the Northeast side immediately stop building its own railway. . What if I don't? Then I'm sorry, my Nanman Railway will never help you transport a soldier. After Lao Zhang received the report from the governor of Fengtian, he was furious: You don't let me build it myself, but I want to build it myself. Seeing that the Consul General hit a wall, Tanaka thought that the specifications were not enough, so he sent Kenkichi Yoshizawa, the Japanese Minister, to play.Fangze took the formal channel, and he submitted a "Manmengjue Book" (that is, the Manmeng Memorandum) to Zhang Zuolin, asking Lao Zhang to solve all the "unsolved cases" of Manmeng in a package. Lao Zhang snorted, I am the Generalissimo of the whole country now, and I am in charge of the affairs of the whole country. Fangze was out of his mind. After he came back, he was still foolishly planning to negotiate with Fengtian Province.Unexpectedly, the governor didn't even show up this time, and the crowd scared Fangze away—an anti-Japanese demonstration of 20,000 people broke out in Fengtian. Using the patriotic movement to put pressure on the Japanese side is also a tactic that Lao Yuan used when he was still alive. Both Yoshida and Fangze came home in a hurry, and one of them stamped his feet anxiously and shouted: One of you is too impatient and the other is too stupid, let me do it. This person is Taro Yamamoto, president of Manchuria Railway (South Manchuria Railway Company). The Manchurian Railway has the nature of a political organization, but it is a purely business organization as a signboard.With this mask as a cover, Yamamoto adopted a "humanized" communication method and sent two people who had been consultants by Zhang Zuolin's side for many years to have a "secret room conversation". What the two Japanese consultants brought was the "Manchurian-Mongolian New Five-Road" plan, that is, the Japanese loaned money to the Chinese side in order to obtain the construction and control of the five railways. Why is it called "New Five Road"?Because Yuan Shikai and the Japanese government had previously signed several plans for the "Five Roads to Manchuria" or "Four Roads to Manchuria", but since Lao Yuan, the leaders of the Beiyang government have followed suit. The upper half of the road was not completed either. When it was Zhang Zuolin's turn to become the "King of the Northeast", Japan skipped the Beijing government and talked with Lao Zhang.Lao Zhang knew very well that if he did not agree to these conditions, he would not get what he wanted, so he agreed to start work.However, what the Japanese did not expect was that Lao Zhang still adopted the same approach as Yuan Shikai did. Here he promised you to build roads, and there he built roads himself, and several of them were "parallel" to the South Manchuria Railway. , tantamount to offsetting the role of Manchurian Railway, and at the same time making the latter lose its original monopoly position in economic competition. The Japanese government was so angry about this that it threatened the Northeast to stop building its own railway. The "New Five Routes to Manchuria and Mongolia" actually originated from the plan proposed by the General Staff Headquarters. It was originally intended for military transport during the future war with the Soviet Union in North Manchuria. Therefore, its scope greatly exceeded the "Old Five Routes". In Zhang Zuolin's words, It is equivalent to dropping a bomb in the northeast. Even though you are smiling and talking to me, I still can't sign this word. One of the Japanese consultants threatened him in the tone of speaking from the position of Lao Zhang: Marshal, let’s promise first, our soldiers are all very fierce and domineering, if you don’t cooperate, they will help of your southern enemies. This sentence is very weighty.In fact, Lao Zhang also knew that these two "close friends" came with the mission of the Japanese government, and what they said meant that the government was issuing an ultimatum. At that time, the Beiyang forces were already at an obvious disadvantage. Although the first Northern Expedition did not achieve final success, it defeated Wu Peifu of the Zhili lineage, Sun Chuanfang of the Anhui lineage was also in jeopardy, and the southern government had already won half of the world. Now only one share of the Feng family is left.Although the second Northern Expedition has not yet started, it is already on the verge of completion.If he confronts the Japanese again, Yuan Shikai will be a lesson from the past. This time, Yamamoto didn't have two mouths, and he still had a check for 5 million yuan.As long as he agrees to sign, the check will belong to Zhang Zuolin, and this amount of money is naturally equivalent to life-saving money for the Beijing government that is in trouble at home and abroad. In desperation, Zhang Zuolin wrote a word on the document: read. This, he explained, in the presence of two Japanese advisers, meant consent.I've seen it and approved it. Then hand the document in one hand and the check in the other. When the consultant brought the document back, Yamamoto was overjoyed, and hurriedly showed it to Tanaka like a treasure, and showed his merits by the way. When Tanaka first heard from Yamamoto that Zhang Zuolin had agreed, he was also very happy.He knew what it meant. If the Manchurian New Five-Road is realized, it means that Japan spent money to buy the Northeast.Some revolutionaries deliberately "sell out the Northeast" when the ranks were full. Now that people have become smarter, no one is willing to do this anymore. Then I will "forcefully buy Manchuria". This can be recorded in history (Japanese history) A great feat. But when he turned the document over and over and found that there was only one word "read" everywhere, he felt uneasy. Such a nondescript "reading" is not even willing to write the name, is there any sincerity?In the past, this guy often used all kinds of excuses to evade, and simply did not abide by the contract. This time, he may be playing tricks again (“As evidenced by past examples, it is inevitable”). Listening to the prime minister's analysis, Yamamoto's heart sank. It seems that it is indeed necessary for Zhang Zuolin to confirm again. Yamamoto returned to Beijing again, hoping that Lao Zhang could change the "New Five-Road" plan from a secret agreement to an open and formal agreement, and sign another word on the detailed agreement (that is, the specific terms).But this time Zhang Zuolin refused to give in no matter what.In fact, the last time I signed a "reading", Lao Zhang regretted it terribly. He knew that it was not as simple as just building a few roads. , the Northeast is not the Northeast of the Chinese, but the Northeast of the Japanese. Although Lao Zhang was ready to deny it when he signed the word "reading", he knew that the Japanese were difficult to deal with. Even if you left a strand of hair on the ground, they would pick it up and "follow the vine", which would be annoying in the future. Sure enough, Yamamoto came to collect debts without hesitation.Lao Zhang simply said that I am now the head of state. If this is made public, the public opinion will be too big, and there will be a situation of "national opinion". I'm finished, is there any benefit for you, who will implement this plan? It made sense for Yamamoto to think about it, so he had no choice but to bite the bullet and said that the matter of writing can be put aside first, and the true implementation of the spirit of the document is the kingly way. Lao Zhang heard it: That's right. In this way, I can't handle it at the central government. The county magistrate is better off now. You can go to the local government, and they will definitely handle it for you. With a flying kick, the ball went to Zhang Zuoxiang. Zhang Zuoxiang had been with the old master for a long time, so he naturally understood it, and immediately pretended to be a fool, reasoning that he didn't understand this one, and didn't know that one, and casually threw the hot potato to the people below.The people below can't push down any further, so you look at me, I look at you-what are you waiting for, let's continue playing football. This time, Yamamoto had suffered enough from the "Chinese-style office". He was busy for a long time, but he didn't get anything. The iron is full, so I have to change the government to come forward directly. This is the negotiation process of the "Manchurian New Five Roads" before. Now that the Northern Expeditionary Army has approached Beijing, Zhang Zuolin is hesitating whether to withdraw to the outside of the pass. The Japanese believe that now is the best time to make a final decision. Fangze gritted her teeth: At this time, I still don't believe that your Lord Ma can really grow three eyes. He came to see Zhang Zuolin at night, and refused to leave as soon as he sat down.Zhang Zuolin also sat there the whole time, accompanying him. Fangze said hypocritically, it seems that the situation is not quite right, it is better for the commander-in-chief to withdraw his troops back to Fengtian as soon as possible. Zhang Zuolin didn't say a word. Fangze was speechless for a moment, seeing that it was getting late, he couldn't dawdle any longer. Well, let’s get back to the topic, the purpose of visiting your Excellency tonight is to confirm the matter of the railway. When it comes to key points, Zhang Zuolin is absolutely unambiguous: Didn't you say that it is a local matter, which has been handed over to Zhang Zuolin.What, he hasn't done it yet?Oh oh, let me remind you again. Fangze was in a hurry, and being "local and local", he thought it was not enough to fool me, so he couldn't help blurting out: Isn't there an old saying in your country, once a gentleman says, a horse is hard to follow, you can't count what you say. Lao Zhang waved his hand, hurry up, I am not the "gentleman" you said, I used to be a horse thief and a beard! Sitting with Lao Zhang, the "elegant" Fangze is a bit like a scholar meeting a soldier. Since the aggressive method doesn't work, you have to come directly - without our support, you can't stay in Beijing. Conversely, it is equivalent to saying that if Japan "supports" them, "staying in Beijing" will not be a problem. Zhang Zuolin blocked it unceremoniously: If I can't defeat the Northern Expeditionary Army, it won't be too late to return to the outside of the customs, don't I still have my hometown in the Northeast to stay in. Fangze suddenly said: How do you know that you will be able to go back? ! This doesn't sound good, Lao Zhang is very upset: Why can't I go back?The Northeast is my home. Our old Zhang can go for a walk when he is happy, and go back when he is happy. Who can stop me? Fangze thought about what words he could use to put the old man in prison, and then he thought of the "Ji case" (that is, the "Jinan tragedy").In this incident, the Chinese suffered huge losses, with more than 3,000 dead, but from the perspective of the Japanese, they were also miserable: more than 200 soldiers died in the battle, and more than a dozen Japanese overseas Chinese also died.Since the southern government launched the Northern Expedition, several great powers have encountered bad luck and suffered casualties, but the total sum did not exceed the above number. It should be normal for soldiers to die on the battlefield, but it was the dozen or so Japanese overseas Chinese who made Fangze grieve. He asked Zhang Zuolin to be responsible for this, because according to him, the "murderer" was Zhang Zongchang, who had been stationed in Jinan. Don't talk about this, Lao Zhang can still hold his temper.As soon as the "murderer" was mentioned, he immediately couldn't suppress his anger. What, it killed so many of our common people without blinking their eyes, and when a few Japanese died, they cried like ghosts and wolves, and came to me to report the funeral. What a good old Zhang, immediately threw the pipe in his hand to the ground hard, and only heard a "click", and the pipe of Fei Cuizui was split into two halves. There is no report on this kind of thing, and there is no investigation. Who is to be held responsible? Just rely on your mouth to turn it up and down? Isn't there just such a stinky skin on me?No matter what, I can't do anything that will make future generations lose their heads! After Zhang Zuolin finished speaking, he left Fangze angrily and walked away alone. Fangze had never seen such a battle before, he didn't frighten Lao Zhang, but he was frightened by the opponent's momentum, so he had to go back home in despair. On May 18, the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), the second day of the night talk between the two, in view of Zhang Zuolin's "indifference", the "unbearable" Japanese government issued a notice in duplicate, and the Chinese North and South governments There is one of each. Judging from the content, this letter is an ultimatum, telling both parties: You are fighting in Pingjin, and as long as you touch the fur of "Manchuria", I will take military action ("take appropriate and effective measures"). This move did not intimidate Zhang Zuolin, but Lao Zhang also realized that he could no longer stay in Beijing, and must quickly pull the troops back to the northeast, so that he could continue to fight the Japanese. On May 25, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Beijing government responded to Japan's Kokomo: the three northeastern provinces and Beijing and Tianjin are all Chinese territories, so don't mistake our sovereignty for sovereignty.You have already committed a foul in Jinan last time, and I hope you will be more conscious in the future ("sovereignty lies and cannot be ignored"). On the same day, Zhang Zuolin also received a group of Japanese journalists.Since entering the customs, he has kept a low profile and never met any reporters. This is the first and last time. Facing the Japanese reporter, Lao Zhang said loudly: I now have "great awareness and determination", and I take "full responsibility" for the security of the three eastern provinces. This cannot be questioned, "I dare to assert again and again Of". Of course, Lao Zhang's Tai Chi Kung Fu has always been the way of civil and martial arts, and he will not do things that completely block the door with one piece and one relaxation. When Fangze made another secret visit to press Zhang Zuolin's real intentions, Lao Zhang looked pitiful: I made that statement and said those words, but there was nothing I could do about it, the public opinion was watching closely. Fangze was not fooled by him this time, and immediately took out a new document, which contained a few written requirements just put forward by the order of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Just talking and not practicing deceit, look at these conditions Well, if you are sincere, just sign it. Sign sign sign, this time I will definitely sign. With a sincere expression on his face, Lao Zhang solemnly accepted the document. Seeing the softening of the other party's attitude, Fangze finally breathed a sigh of relief. Yeah, everything is done. After returning, he impatiently sent a telegram to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the General Staff Headquarters, asking these two departments to pay attention to check and collect, so as not to miss the documents sent by Zhang Zuolin.As soon as there is news, let him know immediately. On the diplomatic front, dealing with a troublesome character like Zhang Zuolin, it is really not easy to achieve some results. But for several days, no matter which department did not notify him.After chasing and asking, the other party was also surprised, how can there be what you said. Who are you playing with me again?Fangze usually looks a bit "honest and honest", but this time he was so angry that he gritted his teeth and came to Lao Zhang to settle the score. As soon as we met, Lao Zhang even slapped himself on the head before Bage Yalu cursed. Look at my memory, I signed the document for you long ago, but I forgot to ask you to come and get it, and you didn’t come over by yourself. You see, how good it is. Stop talking nonsense and bring it here. Old Zhang obediently handed over the document to Fangze respectfully. It might be a few days late, anyway, the signature is signed, and you can go back and pay the account.As a result, most of the anger in Fangze's stomach disappeared, and after saying a few words such as "don't be so naughty next time", he turned his anger into joy, and left cheerfully. Little did he know that his tragicomedy was not over. When I went back to the embassy and opened it, I found that the document was signed with "read" again, not even the legendary "so-and-so black hand". God, you are not my leader, I want you to just "read" what "read". Fangze's eyes darkened, and she fell down on the chair.Really defeated! Just wait and see, I'll go find this guy tomorrow, if you don't believe you can hide from the first day of junior high school, you can also hide from the fifteenth day, this time I want to watch you write the three words "Zhang Zuolin" on it stroke by stroke . But Fangze will not have such an opportunity.Because when he woke up, he got the news that Marshal Zhang Zuolin had left Beijing. This incident was witnessed by a counselor who was with Fangze at that time. After many years, he still had a fresh memory of Zhang Zuolin's "very cunning". The Japanese call him "cunning", but if we think of the dangerous situation Zhang was in back then, we really have to sweat for him. Speaking of danger, the danger will come soon. Before Zhang Zuolin left the customs, the military department had issued an order to draw out a mixed brigade from the North Korean army and gather them in Fengtian to stand by.The next step is to drive to Jinzhou and Shanhaiguan, and prepare to take action against Fengjun.But there is outside the scope of the Manchurian Railway, and it cannot be moved lightly without the emperor's order. Tanaka is the host of the Eastern Conference and the prime minister of the cabinet, so he should resolutely implement the "spirit of the conference". Before that, I had to take a look at the international news. To say that the part-time foreign minister job really hurt him, and the things he made were often self-defeating.The "Jinan tragedy" can be seen even by foreigners in Europe and the United States. It pushed the governments of the North and the South to the negotiating table of "cease war and unification".Tanaka took a fan as if trying to put out the fire, but the more he fanned the fire, the more it became more intense. Except for the form that needs to be discussed, the reunification of the North and the South is the general trend and cannot be avoided. After the "Jinan Massacre", although Lao Jiang kept winking at the international community, the effect was not obvious at first. Originally wanted to resort to the League of Nations to internationalize the Sino-Japanese conflict.But in the past, it was mainly the northern government that dealt with the League of Nations. The southern government used to call the League of Nations an "imperialist stronghold". There was no emotional exchange between the two sides. In addition, Japan strongly opposed it. This "early United Nations" was not good. I am so willing to pull this rack. When I approached the UK, the UK immediately waved her hand and said no, no, no, don't tell me about this, I am neutral, and I will not help anyone. This is called not burning incense at ordinary times, worshiping Bodhisattva temporarily, offending him when the Northern Expeditionary Army marched to the Yangtze River, and now you can't say that you are wronged if you give them a bad face. You can't trust the relationship everywhere, so let's focus on one-the United States. But the Americans put on airs, and it is better to have one less thing than one more thing. You can be with me if you want to, but don't get involved in your grievances with the Japanese. I don't want to wade into this kind of muddy water. If Tanaka does not make the second mistake at this time, Lao Jiang will be on the verge of despair in diplomacy. This mistake was the ultimatum issued on May 18 declaring the use of force in the Northeast. As soon as this remark came out, it was tantamount to publicly declaring that the Northeast was the territory of the Japanese family, and no one else could move it, which immediately angered Britain and the United States. What is an open door, that is, the benefits should be shared by everyone, how can it be monopolized? The United States' attitude towards China suddenly changed to "sympathy for China" and began to express concern about the "manchurian situation". Anyone can ignore their faces, but the faces of Europeans and Americans cannot be ignored. After Tanaka got the relevant report from the ambassador to the United States, he began to hesitate. Matsui Iwane, the head of the Second Department of the General Staff Headquarters at the time (Lu Da No. 18), also believed that although Zhang Zuolin was not very interesting, he had already established deep roots in the Northeast, and it would be difficult to find a second suitable candidate if he kicked him away. Sent Tashiro Wanichiro (No. 25 of Luda) to Mukden to ask the transferred North Korean mixed brigade to cancel the military operation and return to North Korea. The military department expressed its attitude, and Yasunosuke Sato, who was in charge of making suggestions beside Tanaka, also advocated caution.Tanaka changed his mind, gave up the original attack plan, and continued to maintain Zhang Zuolin's original position. Tanaka had already given up, but the Kwantung Army, which proposed "disarming" at the Eastern Conference, was relentless.Lieutenant General Chotaro Muraoka, the commander of the Kwantung Army who had just taken office (the 16th Saber Team of Luda), proposed: "Central" does not do it, we do it. The officers who were eager to do meritorious service immediately sharpened their knives and became murderous. However, it is difficult to do this alone without the support of the government and the military. 此时吴俊升已经从黑龙江调来5万精兵守卫奉天。同时，奉军也以每天一万或五千不等的人数向关外撤退，到村冈想自己动手时，奉天城里的奉军已达到8万之众，而关东军人不过万，且并未做好与奉军决战的准备。万一真打起来，关内外奉军联手，日军根本占不到什么便宜。 村冈看清形势，再不敢随便把军队拉出来冒险了。 似乎一切都只好到此为止了。 忽然一个人跳出来叫道：且慢！ 此人是关东军高级参谋河本大作大佐（陆大第26期）。河本说我有办法。这个办法叫做“斩首行动”。 我们用不着动用关东军去打奉军，因为奉军“排日”，始作俑者都是以张作霖为首的奉系集团。你们别看奉系闹哄哄的那么多人，其实核心的“大头目”就一个，那就是张作霖本人。 如果我们把张作霖干掉，他那个靠磕头拜把子组成的集团是没什么凝聚力的，非得立即四散不可。只要第二个张作霖不出现，他们就永无指望。 因此，结论就是暗杀张作霖，除此之外，别无它法（“除了杀死巨头，此外断无解决满洲问题的办法”）。 村冈频频点头，并亲自下达了“消灭张作霖”的秘令。 此时，张作霖尚在北京，关东军的手够不着，村冈有意让华北驻屯军去搞暗杀。 另一个叫竹下义晴的关东军参谋按照村冈的吩咐，准备动身前往华北，找华北驻屯军接洽。 但在出发之前，他被河本拦住了：“最好不要干没有用的事情！” 你相信华北驻屯军吗？反正我是不信。万一把事情弄砸了，又不能使政府及军部摆脱责任的话，就麻烦了。政府不是说列强现在对满洲盯得很紧吗？出了事，这些国家不知道会怎样乘机对我们进行指责呢。 河本拍拍竹下的小肩膀：这样吧，事情交给我，我来干。 竹下问他，那自己还有无必要再去北京。 当然需要！你可以当探子嘛。给我盯紧一点，弄清楚张作霖哪一天坐火车出关，然后通知我。 此时的老张已在收拾回家的行李了。 他还记得一年前来到北京的情景，身为全国海陆军大元帅，只手组建北洋政府最后一届内阁，那时是何等的风光，何等的意气风发。可只一年光景不到，等待他的却已是流水落花春去也。 凄雨冷风中，那昨日的一抹红再也无法留住了。 他舍不得离开，却又不能不离开，因为回家已成为他唯一能做的选择。此时他还不知道，回家之路竟然是一条永不能回头的死亡之路。 不过如果你因此认为老张对即将到来的危险毫无防备，那你就大错特错了。事实上，他脑子里的那根阶级斗争弦从来就没有松过。 忽悠了日本人这么多次，你以为人家都是傻的，尤其是入关以来，为了保证“寸土不让”，双方针尖对麦芒地拍过好几次桌子，要想不引起日本人的嫉恨和报复几乎是不可能的。 但他也不相信日本人真敢对自己下毒手。 毕竟他还是“东北王”，他手上还有东洋鬼子垂涎三尺的饵。 他没想到的是日本军人如此疯狂，迫不及待地要换副牌打打了。 从北京往奉天，那不是一里两里的路程，不可能靠“11”路公交车走着回去。当时作为交通工具，张作霖有两种选择：汽车或是火车。 两者各有优缺点。如果乘汽车的话，路线是从不太引人注意的长城古北口出关，取道热河返回奉天。优点是轻车简从，行动秘密，安全有保障。缺点是路况不好（上世纪二十年代的公路，你也知道是什么样的了），车子颠簸（兴许还会晕车），十分辛苦。 而如果换乘火车的话，路线是沿着京奉铁路走。优点是比较舒适（特别适合老张这样的老同志）。缺点是动静太大，可能引起不测。 对这两种方式，亲信部下、幕僚参谋都各有各的说法。在一时难以取舍的情况下，老张决定拿出他的老招数：赌上一把。 他拿出纸一撒两半，分别写上“汽”（代表汽车）和“火”（代表火车），揉成纸球后开始抓阄。 最后拿出来一看，是“火”。He made up his mind. 老张不会想到，列车被炸后，同样一片火海，也是一个“火”字。命运似乎跟这位大帅开了个玩笑：由赌始，由赌终。 死亡专列开始启动了。 选定了火车后，张作霖还留了个心眼。他枪林弹雨见得多了，深知兵不厌诈的道理。 先是一再更改回奉日期，说好6月1日出京，专车都来了，他又临时改变主意，宣布第二天才走。 第二天，专车出发了，但车上只有他的家人，老张还是没有上车。 第三天，老张终于上车了。 上车前，他向部下详细了解了安全保障情况。 从北京到奉天，沿途有十几万奉军护路。北京至山海关一线由张作相负责，山海关至奉天这一段则由吴俊升把守，两人都是老张的绝对亲信，也都拍着胸脯打过包票，称安全绝无问题。 张作霖放心了。就算行程泄密，他相信也没人能动得了他。 坐上火车的那一刻，当凭窗再一次凝望北京城，东北大帅的内心里一定充满了伤感。 这是他人生奋斗的最重要一站，是事业顶峰的见证地，如今却只能挥手告别了。 窗外有多冷，闭上眼心就疼。 不去看也不去想了，算一算离东北的家还有多远吧。 老张的专列共有二十多节，他自己所乘的车厢为第十节。这是一个很有派头的车厢，当年慈禧老佛爷都用过，因外部呈蓝色，被称为蓝钢车。 作为曾经的保安队长，老张的专列在保安方面也下足了功夫。不仅蓝钢车的前后车厢里，配备着全副武装的卫队，而且在专列前还特地设置了一辆压道车，以防路轨上有人做出不轨的举动，果然一路上太平无事，到了山海关站，吴俊升上了车。他是从奉天赶来的，喘着气就来迎接大帅了。患难最见真情，这让老张非常感动。 吴大舌头再次保证：从山海关到奉天，安全保卫已经做到严丝合缝，连只苍蝇蚊子也休想随便飞进来。 遗憾的是，他说的并不完全对。 有一个地方漏掉了。 并不是他办事不认真或是存心欺瞒大帅，而是没有办法不漏。 这个漏点是一位关东军的大佐找出来的。 此人就是河本。河本奔着袭击火车而来，他曾经权衡过：究竟是直接进攻好，还是用炸药炸好。 最后的结论是用炸药。 直接进攻的话，痕迹太明显了，而且还不一定灭得了对方。炸虽然也有失败的风险，不过河本做了一个预案，那就是一旦失败，就启用“拔刀队”。 对河本来说，要想干掉张作霖，机会仅有一次，某种程度上，也是在赌。 然而河本很快就发现，他还不一定能够赌得起来。因为经过侦察发现，整个京奉铁路沿线布满了奉军，而且警戒十分严密，真是像吴俊升说的那样，“连只苍蝇蚊子也休想随便飞进来”。 河本一度相当沮丧，要执行爆破计划，又要不被这些奉军发现，看起来“无论如何是不可能的”。 直到他发现了皇姑屯车站不远处的三洞桥（日方资料中称巨流河铁桥）。 三洞桥是南满铁路和京奉铁路的交叉点。南满铁路在上，京奉铁路在下。 京奉铁路奉军可以守卫。但南满铁路却是日军控制并经营的，它得由日军负责看守。 只是一个点，可是也只需要这么一个点。 从棋局上说，即使大部分棋面都处于优势，但只要有一个地方被钻了空子——仍然可以致命。 在接到竹下义晴从北京发回的有关张作霖已经启程出发的密电后，河本立即在三洞桥给张作霖挖好了一个死亡陷阱。 我看过一个资料，如果要把一座十几层的楼房掀翻，大概要用上90公斤的炸药。这位老兄为了让别人彻底死翘，在一节十几米的车厢上总共破费炸药120公斤！ 这些炸药光光堆起来也好大一摞，又不可能弄辆重型卡车直接运过来，只能分装在三十只麻袋里面，然后偷偷放在桥墩上。 显然，要安置这么多的麻袋，不仅是个苦力活，还是个技术活。为此，河本专门从朝鲜调来工兵，才终于把事情搞定。 从老张的专列离开北京，直至到达皇姑屯，沿途除了有奉军护路外，河本大佐派出的间谍也没少搀合。他们很敬业地向设伏人员报告着列车的启停情况。 车厢里，老张很轻松地和亲信同僚们闲聊、玩麻将。过了皇姑屯，奉天近在咫尺，此刻，家人和文武官员肯定已在车站翘首以盼了。 他没有想到大祸就在眼前。 进入三洞桥，列车开始减速。此时，守候多时的两名日军爆破人员先后按下了电线按钮。 或许是由于紧张过度，第一个按钮竟然没响，第二个随即按响。 只听轰隆隆两声巨响，列车被炸得四分五裂，一股高达两百多米的黑烟腾空而起。在震耳欲聋的爆炸声中，南满铁路吊桥的钢板下塌，将包括张作霖所乘车厢在内的多节车厢压在了下面。 铁路线上一片火光，乱成了一团。 河本后来回忆：“面对猛烈的黑烟和爆炸声，连我自己都感到惊讶和害怕，药力实在太大了。” 相隔不远的奉天总站也感受到了这股地震般的颤栗，奉天纺纱厂机器上的棉线条一下子全被震断了，比用锋利刀片切割过还要整齐。 拿着望远镜远远观望的河本大佐长长地吐了一口气，就算老张是铁甲人，现在大概也炸得连铁皮都没了，作为临时预案的“拔刀队”自然也用不着了。 河本过于乐观了，因为张作霖还活着。 但也只剩下了一口气。他的咽喉部位受到了致命伤，已经奄奄一息。专门来迎驾的吴俊升则当场被炸身亡。 人们赶紧进行紧急救援。随行人员把满身鲜血的老张扶上一辆敞篷小汽车，十万火急地往帅府送。虽然医护人员紧急抢救，甚至动用了英国大夫，但此时纵有再高的医术也无力回天了。 民国十七年（1928年）6月4日上午10点，张作霖恋恋不舍地丢下他一手打下的江山，骑鹤西去。此时离皇姑屯事件爆发，专列被炸仅仅相隔四个半小时。 一代枭雄自此谢幕。 老张这一生，说他奸他也奸，说他滑也滑，坏事也着实做过不少。土匪、旧军阀、王八蛋，你怎么骂他都不为过。但有一点始终值得肯定，那就是在外寇入侵的艰难时刻，这个人从来没有真正低过头，服过软。 盖棺论定，他是一个硬骨头的东北汉子。 在皇姑屯事件中，包括张作霖在内，共计死亡20人，受伤53人。 中外震惊。 爆炸发生后三个小时不到，日本人就贼喊捉贼地跑了出来，声称要与中方共同对事件进行调查。 因为他们事先早就在附近布了一个局。 在日方的带领下，中方调查人员在大桥附近发现有两具男尸。从尸体上搜出两封信笺，上面写着两句话：革命尚未成功，同志犹须努力。 我不得不认为，这两句名言当时已替代了三字经的地位，就连日本人作假，第一个想到的也是它。 鉴于说这番话的南方领袖早已作古，能够把它认领回去的也只有后起之秀——蒋介石了。 日方据此认定，这是老张的仇敌从南方派来的便衣队。 对这种闭着眼睛张口就来的胡扯，中方人员当然不信。 两个便衣就能掀翻一座火车？你当是两超人！那以后干脆就不用派部队打仗，让便衣们投投手榴弹或发发掌心雷就够了。 也只有日本人具备这种想像天赋。 他们不仅这样想，还天真地准备把这种骗小孩子的把戏继续下去。 日方向中方出具了一份调查报告，想在报告中明告世人：是南方便衣队投掷炸弹，造成了皇姑屯事件。 一花独放不是春。他们希望中方能用盖章签字的方式认同这一报告。 有一个人当即拍案而起。 他叫关庚泽，时任奉天交涉署日本科科长。 “爆炸如此猛烈，岂是人力所能投掷。” 关庚泽的话说得很清楚：如果要得到日方报告中的结论，就算你让列车一动不动地停在那里挨炸弹，估计也得扔上一天。 见遇到了明白人，日方交涉人员立刻露出了流氓嘴脸： “如果你不答应盖章，日本军人将于你不利。” 面对赤裸裸的威胁和恐吓，关庚泽不仅没有退缩，相反勃然大怒，给日本人扔下了一句掷地有声的话： “张大元帅偌大的人物都被炸伤（当时尚未披露张的死讯），我这样一个小角色又算什么呢，随便吧！” 没人配合，这个游戏只好自己玩下去。 两天后，日本政府正式发表一个声明，再次重申他们的“南方便衣队所为论”。 但是谎言终究是谎言，纸是永远包不住火的。几天后，有人来到奉天监狱，要求收容保护，并揭露了“南方便衣队”真相。 原来在皇姑屯事件发生的前一天晚上，日军便通过日本浪人，将三个中国人骗到吊桥附近杀死。其中一个人见势不妙，拼命逃了出来。他见日本人宣传“南方便衣队投弹事件”，又从死者照片上认出了同伴，便知道自己的处境非常危险，赶紧跑来寻求保护。 至此，日方哑口无言。 皇姑屯事件很快在东京引起了巨大反响。 田中内阁虽然又发声明又喊冤的，对外始终一口咬定事件是中国南方政府所为，与日本政府和关东军都没有关系，但其实对真相还是有点数的。 因为关东军瞒别人可以，瞒不了顶头上司陆军参谋本部。当然不是村冈或者河本打报告上去说的（就是有书面报告也不会自己承认），而是另有原因。 这就要说到一个组织：二叶会。 这个二叶会可不是什么浪人会馆，而是青年军官们自发搞的一个传销组织。传销产品只有一样：军主政从。 所谓军主政从，顾名思义，就是要以军队为主，其它政治经济文化什么的统统靠边站。 历史上把二叶会这帮人弄出来的这个东西叫“巴登巴登密约”。 缘起于几个初出茅庐的日本陆军大学毕业生被派到德国考察一战。这些人里面有一个人大家应该非常熟悉：冈村宁次。其时都还是日本陆军里的小字辈。 去了德国一看，好家伙，太对胃口了。杀人那叫一个过瘾，见人就杀，不仅军人，平民也跟着倒霉。在战争中，飞机大炮，毒气坦克，能用的都用上了，光一个凡尔登绞肉机，死的人就数不尽数，别提多剌激了。 更让他们惊叹的是德国军人的那股疯狂劲，虽然仗打败了，但没人肯认输，都瘸着腿、红着眼睛在地图上画圈呢，想着法子要把失去的场子给找回来。 巴登巴登是德国著名的温泉城，很合喜欢泡澡的日本人的胃口。这帮小子也去泡了，一边泡，一边感动得哗哗流泪，说这股疯劲好，太好了，跟我们日本的武士道那是一样一样的。咱们得学，不仅自己学，还要带动大家一块学。 就这么泡着聊着励志着，于是就有了一个学习德国好榜样的“巴登巴登密约”。 回国后，几个狂人为了将这玩意真正宣传发动起来，就成立了二叶会。后来很出名的土肥原、板垣征四郎都是里面的铁杆成员。 这么催人奋进的组织，一贯以愤青形象示人的河本自然不会落下。特别是他对制造皇姑屯事件一直自鸣得意，不在二叶会里吹吹简直就太对不起自己了。 吹来吹去，会友们都知道了。事情随后又传到了参谋本部耳朵里：皇姑屯事件原来是关东军弄出来的。 田中首相虽然不是二叶会成员，却是陆军里出来的，还在参谋本部干过，有的二叶会会员就是他曾经的战友。他当然也没有不知道的道理。 偏偏这时候，天皇召见了。 走在路上，田中遇到了元老西园寺公望。四顾无人，他就给西园寺咬了耳朵，说皇姑屯这件事十有八九是日本军人干的。 西园寺的脸马上就扳了起来：要真是这样，你可要严惩不贷啊，否则国家还有什么纲纪可言。 等田中进了宫，裕仁果然没放过皇姑屯事件，问究竟是怎么一回事，是不是政府出面让人干的。 田中赶紧矢口否认：政府哪能那么弱智啊，新人还没挑出来就把旧人给宰了。事情原来是这个样子这个样子的，便把他知道的情况都一五一十地捅给了天皇。 天皇听完汇报也来火了，这不是典型的不把政府当干部吗，这么大的一件事，不请示领导就给办了，以后