Chapter 2 Chapter One

He used to be a vagrant who was almost frozen to death in the snow, and a notorious red beard, but after passing five stages and killing six generals, he became the Northeast Marshal and the last ruler of the Beiyang government. The "King of the Northeast" came all the way, and he had to rely on Japanese power, but he was wary enough of Japan. How did he display his wisdom and strategy in a small space? Everything has to start from Manchuria (Northeast), which is called the land of Longxing by the bannermen. After the Russo-Japanese War, Japan obtained the lease rights of the South Manchuria Railway and Luda (Lushun, Dalian) from Russia.This is the origin of the so-called "Manchurian rights and interests".

At the beginning, the Japanese were quite clear-headed.Ito Hirobumi, who single-handedly planned the Sino-Japanese War, once said: "Manchuria is not the territory of Japan, but Manchuria is the territory of the Qing Dynasty. This is unquestionable." Ito was not kind enough to be the spokesperson of the Qing Dynasty.It’s just that the Japanese politicians who were a little knowledgeable at the time knew that Japan was still not sure if it wanted to monopolize the Northeast. However, the "Manchurian rights" that Japan has acquired must be safeguarded.In other words, they need to find an agent of their own interests in China.

Therefore, a list of auditions was made.One of the candidates was named Zhang Zuolin. The Japanese attach so much importance to "Manchurian rights" because they are full of "feelings" for the black land of "Manchuria", and they even believe that "Manchuria" is several times stronger than their own Dongying land. How good is "Manchuria".It is said that those who went hunting in the mountains in the past only needed to scatter the rapeseed they brought with them on the way, and after a while they could go down the mountain to collect the vegetables—each of those green vegetables was big, and none of them could weigh seven or eight catties. .

Not to mention the uncountable minerals, let's put it this way, what is lacking in Japan, what is there. However, what makes people dumbfounded is that the revolutionaries in the south of China once had a seemingly unbelievable idea: Let the Manchus go back to the Northeast, we don't want the Northeast! Why? "Expel the Tartars and restore China", our essence is the "Eighteen Iron and Blood Provinces" of the Central Plains.Eighteen provinces are enough. What's the use of a place where "Tartars" like the Northeast live. On October 11, the third year of Xuantong (AD 1911), after the Wuchang Uprising, the Chinese Hubei Military Government was proclaimed.The southern revolutionaries displayed their ideas by raising a flag: the eighteen-star flag.There are a total of eighteen stars on the red flag, and there is no "full" on it, so of course there is no shelter in the Northeast.

In the following year, the Republic of China was established.The five-color flag was designated as the national flag (meaning the republic of Han, Man, Mongolia, Hui and Tibet), but the eighteen-star flag was still preserved as the army flag. The Northeast was indeed facing two possibilities at that time: one was that after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchus followed in the footsteps of the Mongols in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties and withdrew from the customs and confronted the government of the Republic of China; the other was that some southern revolutionaries As the saying goes, simply kick out the Northeast, "sell" it to the big powers, and then let them "support the revolution."

No matter which one it is, it means that the "chicken head" in Northeast China will be separated from the territory of China, so the Oriental Rooster we see today will most likely be a "headless chicken". Faced with this situation, perhaps the Japanese are the most breathless.If it's the latter, that's great, you don't want me, even if it's "buy".Taking a step back, even if it is the former, the Manchu people built "Manchukuo", which is no different from what Puyi did later. Sooner or later, it will still be controlled by me. It is only a matter of time before "Manchukuo" becomes a puppet state like North Korea.

I can't do it anymore, my heart is going to jump in my throat, I really wish I could jump over to the other side and hug Manchu who I've been thinking about day and night. But the final result is that neither possibility has become a reality.Because after the fall of the Qing government, the Northeast is still controlled by a native Northeast Han. This man from the Northeast is the candidate for the audition we mentioned above, Zhang Zuolin. Our story begins with him. Let me introduce Lao Zhang's resume. Lao Zhang started his career as a bandit (called Huzi in the Northeast) who robbed and robbed houses. Even among the warlords of the Republic of China, this background is really unspeakable.Compared with Wu Peifu, the direct boss of his old rival, it is even more dwarfed. He is at the level of a scholar. "Spring and Autumn" is well read, and his poems after the Anti-Japanese War are more like Yue Wumu. It's not something ordinary Qiu Badao can sing.Fortunately, the hero does not ask the source.In those days, those who couldn't get along were called bandits, and those who could get along were called bosses.

There are two versions of Zhang Zuolin's ancestral home, one is Shandong, and the other is Hebei. Anyway, no matter where it is, one fact is very clear: his ancestors came from the east of the Guandong. The fate of those generations can be glimpsed in Li Youbin's version. In fact, at the beginning, Kanto did not need to "break through".It is active enrollment. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the Northeast was deserted with few people.In order to attract Han people to open up wasteland, the Qing government used all kinds of preferential policies. At that time, there was a clear rule that as long as you arrived in the Northeast, you could treat yourself as if you were staying in a hotel for a meeting in another place, and you didn’t need to bring anything, not even a towel or a toothbrush.The government will provide you with food, land and farm cattle free of charge, on the condition that you must join the local household registration and take root in the Northeast.

You know, even in modern times, this kind of policy is also a kind of preferential policy. You don’t need a diploma or qualifications, and in a blink of an eye, you’ll have a house, tickets, and a car. Where can you find such a good thing? But no one went there. It probably has something to do with the lack of publicity, because the traffic will be underdeveloped, and it is impossible to organize a special inspection team to drive everyone to the northeast to see the beauty and richness of the local area.In addition, Chinese farmers have a deep-rooted concept of rural areas, and they are unwilling to easily leave their hometowns and leave the land of their ancestors. This has created a strange situation where the policies are very favorable, but the masses are not enthusiastic.

In order to meet the enrollment targets, the relevant parties have also introduced corresponding incentive policies for comrades who work diligently in the front line of enrollment, stipulating that whoever can recruit farmers to the Northeast can be an official without even taking the imperial examination ("recruited to Hundreds, the county magistrate is taught by Wen, and the garrison is taught by Wu"). The so-called sincerity is the result of gold and stone. In the reign of Kangxi, after more than ten years of promotion, this good policy gradually became known to everyone. More and more farmers went to the Northeast, especially in Shandong ("Lu people immigrated There are many in the Northeast").

This time it is the turn of the government to be anxious, because the Manchus made their fortunes from the Northeast, and this is their dragon vein.If there are fewer people, it is impossible to grow food, but if there are too many people, the peace of the place will be disturbed, and whether this "pulse" can continue becomes a problem. So the Qing government hastily abolished the policy of recruiting people for land reclamation ("Liaodong recruits people and appoints officials, and it will stop forever"), and issued a customs ban order, strictly prohibiting Han people from moving outside the customs. The famous wicker edge appeared at this time.The willow side is called the Great Wall of Manchuria. In fact, it is a fence wall, but the shadow of this fence wall is so long for some reason. It stretches for more than a thousand kilometers. It was blocked outside the customs. But for the people inside the pass, the mountain is still the same mountain, the beam is still the same beam, and the suffering is still the same. Going outside the pass to seek a living has become their only hope in the dark.Especially in the early years of Jiaqing, God did not give face, there was a drought here, there was a flood, and even the White Lotus Sect joined in the fun.Under such circumstances, a large number of refugees disregarded the prohibition and "swarmed together" and "supported the old and the young". Even with a knife on their necks, they had to go to the fence to have a look. Breaking through the Guandong is really a historical term full of blood and tears and unbearable memories in modern times of our country. By the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), the customs ban had existed in name only, and at that time the Russians were always moving around on the edge of Heilongjiang with malicious intentions. Open up the wicker sides.All of a sudden, "the wind followed" in the pass, almost turning the Northeast into an "immigrant society". By the time our protagonist appears on stage, as a new immigrant who has gained a foothold, he no longer needs to risk his life to "cross the wall", but in order to live, he must continue to "break through". If it weren't for the family accident, Lao Zhang's life might be completely different. His father's name was Zhang Youcai, but in fact the family was poor and had no wealth.There is a storefront, but the wealthy father does not have the slightest talent and enthusiasm for business. He has another hobby called "gambling and winning prizes". Although he can make some money occasionally, it is not the way to get rich. So the family had no choice but to go on "without money". In those days, it was the dream of most people to study and obtain fame.The same is true for Zhang Zuolin, who even had an almost pious desire for literacy and hyphenation.Since the family really had no money for him to study, this kid eavesdropped on the window of the private school. He came and went, moved all the teachers, and promised that he would not charge tuition fees and let him follow for free. Looking through the history books, there are quite a few poor children who have been able to embark on official careers by relying on this kind of piety. From ancient times to the present, our country and people have survived such poverty.This is the allusion of Fan Zhongyan eating porridge and Ouyang Xiu reed practicing calligraphy. They all learned later and became officials if they were good, and became a generation of virtuous ministers and famous ministers.It's a pity that in troubled times, Zhang Zuolin didn't have such good luck. Guangxu fifteen years (1889).Lao Zhang should never forget this moment, because his father was killed by his enemies this year.Overnight, the already leaky house could no longer hold on, and collapsed with a bang. That year, Guangxu was nineteen years old and was about to be in charge. He was already thinking about how to govern the world, while Zhang Zuolin was fourteen years old. The biggest problem he faced was how to fill his stomach. No matter how we look at it now, we cannot deny the great impact of this experience on Zhang Zuolin.In fact, among the characters in the Republic of China, he was not alone in such unlucky luck.The later Chiang Kai-shek and Huang Yu lost their parents or their mothers when they were young. This has created a unique feature in their personalities, that is, on the one hand, they strive to survive in the cracks, and in the fierce arena On the other hand, when you suffer setbacks, you can't help being emotional from time to time, sentimental about your life experience, and have a very strong tragic complex. But at that time, the distance between worshiping the general and becoming a prime minister was too far from Zhang Zuolin. For him at that time, even being an ordinary scholar had become a luxury.Living is the last word. The life creed left by the ancestors who went to the east of the Guandong was once again handed over to Lao Zhang. Relying on his mother as a widow obviously couldn't support himself, so Zhang Zuolin, who was in his teens, followed a group of businessmen to Gaokan Town to seek a living. But a minor who can't carry a load on his shoulders or carry a basket in his hands, what can he do? The answer was: sell sesame seed cakes like Wu Dalang. This job is really boring.Since he had no books to read, Lao Zhang learned to play with money just like his father.This is a good deal, the big pie didn't sell a few pieces, but all the money was lost. Then change to another job, learn carpentry. Lao Zhang picked up the big saw, grinned and pulled it a few times, and then—— threw. Is this a human job? It's exhausting and most importantly, no fun.How can a person's life be spent in such a boring life? This is probably why Lao Zhang is so special: I want to be full, but I also want to be happy. Where is my happy life? The more realistic question is which line of work is right for you. Lao Zhang searched and searched, and finally found something, that is, to deal with children in the animal world: to learn veterinary medicine, specifically, horses and horses.Lao Zhang found that this is what he likes and is good at. It is said that he once memorized the key points of a book of cattle and horses so well that he can cure ordinary sick horses with medicine.After that, he got a chance to work as a helper in a big cart and horse shop. The chariot and horse shop in the northeast is similar to the Chunlai teahouse in Shajiabang. It is nothing more than "building a seven-star stove, cooking three rivers in a copper pot, setting up a table for the eight immortals, and entertaining the sixteen parties."It's just that the visitors are not interested in tea, they are only interested in horses, and it is natural that among these guests, there are heresy and nonsense.Lao Zhang ran around among these people. Of course, his ability to recognize horses and horses has improved a lot, and his ability to know people and people, including seeing people and talking about people, and talking nonsense is also constantly improving. If this goes on like this, with the young man's intelligence and ability, in time, he has the potential to be a carriage and horse farm owner. It will be another story similar to Hu Xueyan's - the latter also started as a boy in a bank. However, there are too many contingencies in life, and the outside environment does not allow it, nor does Lao Zhang's personality hidden deep in the bone marrow. For a period of time, due to the pressure of life, Zhang Zuolin once released a horse for a rich man's house, but accidentally, the horse ran away, but he couldn't run himself.When it was over, it happened to be out of breath, so I threw it out at night. It was freezing outside, and Lao Zhang, who was dying, was about to follow in his father's footsteps. Fortunately, an old man passed by and saved his life.At this time, Lao Zhang has nothing, and he has only one way of repaying: work for your family Baigan. When Lao Zhang started working as a veterinarian, he met a friend on the road named "Zhuan Tianyan".In the same night, he took the "Drilling Swallow" and ransacked the rich man's house from top to bottom, and then burned it all down. At this time, Lao Zhang was like the protagonist in "Ji Gong", watching the burning mansion with tears and smiles: burn it, burn it, once it burns a hundred. The difference is that Ji Dian has become a god who can be seen but cannot be touched, and Lao Zhang has since become a loyal supporter of "walking for the sky" in the real world. Since then, the seemingly "slick" Zhang Zuolin has always maintained his "bronze pea"-like ruthlessness: To live, in addition to trying to fill one's stomach, one must also live like a human being. In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), the adult Zhang left Gaokan Town.But at this time, he has become a person who can rely on his craft to make a living, which is commonly known as "Ma Langzhong". At this time, the First Sino-Japanese War broke out, and a Qing army in Hebei was dispatched to garrison western Liaoning. "Ma Langzhong" was also recruited to treat the army horse's illness. Once he went, Lao Zhang would not leave. I used to only know about the majesty of beards, but I didn't expect that officers and soldiers are more majestic than beards. They have imperial food to eat and battles to fight. How enjoyable it is. Lao Zhang has since become a soldier, and he actively seeks to improve in the army, and soon he was promoted to the post chief (equivalent to the platoon leader). It's a pity that this perfect life is too short.At the end of the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing troops who left the customs returned to Hebei. Platoon Leader Zhang refused to leave his hometown, so he had to leave the army on the spot. In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), the western Liaoning area was in such a state of chaos that even the veterinarians could no longer work. Lao Zhang thought about whether he should be a gangster if he had no chance of being a white man, so he went back to the "Drilling Swallow". The same green forest road.This time, he took the lead himself, pulled a team together, and became one of the numerous "red beard teams" in western Liaoning at that time. In those years, the chaos in China seemed to have never stopped.After the Sino-Japanese War, there was the Boxer Rebellion in the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu (1900). Russia saw the opportunity, and a guy jumped into the three eastern provinces. At that time, the imperial court called on the masses to liberate themselves. The Boxers came out in the Central Plains, and the Loyalty Army came out in the Northeast. Under the banner of "resisting Russian invaders and restoring the country", the loyal army attacked the invading Russian devils. The leader of the army was Liu Yonghe, who was originally from Huzi.So some people in the west of Liao suggested that they are beards, and we are beards too. Why don't we get together and take on the responsibility of "protecting the border and protecting Russia" and become a "patriotic beard". In this way, the "Red Beard Team" gathered together and organized an insurance team with Montenegro as the center.Although there are few people in Lao Zhang, everyone has a share in patriotism, so he is among them. It was said that they wanted to beat the old man, but within a few days, the leaders of the insurance team themselves started fighting over the eternal problem of who should take the top spot, which actually made the place even more messy.In the end, the winner was the king and the loser was Kou, and there were two kings, one Wang Lanting and the other Du Lishan. There was nothing about Lao Zhang here.His "insurance zone" is too inconspicuous, only seven or eight small villages, belonging to the standard small gangs.However, although the "territory" is small, Lao Zhang is very responsible. He doesn't have many guns, and he can't beat others. When he encounters beards or rangers from other places who come to fight the autumn wind, he always greets him in advance, and he has a bitter face: brother , Let's have a sip of tea first.I'm so poor here that I really can't afford anything. If you don't think it's shabby, if you see something interesting in me, just take it. Those who make beards are all vicious when they come out. You fight over each other. I've never seen such a pitiful person. It's really embarrassing.So I drank my saliva, wiped my mouth, and went to another place to make a fortune. In this way, the common people feel that Lao Zhang is "benevolent and righteous" and can be regarded as a kind person. Some nearby villages actively ask him to "insure" him. This makes Lao Zhang's "territory" bigger and bigger, consisting of seven or eight villages It suddenly increased to more than 20, and the small gang was upgraded to the middle gang. However, Jianghu is just such a small place, and your "turf" is bigger, which means that other people's "turf" is smaller.The master who had been robbed of his "territory" made open-minded guns and dark arrows, and Lao Zhang got caught accidentally, and was beaten and fled.In desperation, Lao Zhang decided to join the insurance team in Liaonan. To go to the south of Liaoning, you have to pass through a place called Balitai.This is a big market town, with more than 50 shops alone, and the earthen fence is taller and thicker than the city wall, and there is also a large regiment (security team) in the town.When Lao Zhang thought about it, this place was difficult to get through, so he used the old method to say hello in advance, hoping to find a way to get there. At this time, Zhang Zuolin's reputation of "benevolence and righteousness" had spread far and wide, and everyone said that he was righteous, so the town's chamber of commerce not only agreed to excuse him, but also allowed them to stay for a while. When you stop, you stay. Lao Zhang didn't look very good when he was old (as evidenced by the marshal's photo), but he was still a handsome guy when he was young.The so-called Northerner Nanxiang is quite handsome, and he stands out from the crowd of Northeast strong men with thick faces around him. In addition, he is known as "Wanxi". Although he is not well-educated, he is very good at talking. Impressed the president of the chamber of commerce all at once, and finally decided to let him join the Bajiaotai group. The original team leader of Bajiaotai was called Zhang Jinghui. Seeing that Lao Zhang was a character, he decided to hang out with him in the future: "Brother, I will let you be the team leader, and I will do as a deputy." Lao Zhang got a blessing in disguise, he jumped from the middle gang to the big gang, and he could become a rival with Wang Lanting and Du Lishan. From a young man to a big boss, he should be content to be able to get to this point. However, Lao Zhang didn't think so. He had already set a new life goal for himself, which was to go to the city and accept recruitment. But it is not an easy task to be recruited smoothly.Back then, Song Jiang racked his brains for this, even at the expense of getting Yan Qing to resort to beauty tricks, through Li Shishi's relationship, through the emperor's back door, and was able to be recruited down the mountain. Lao Zhang could be regarded as a handsome man, but he didn't know where to find Li Shishi. However, "Li Shishi" came by himself. This "Li Shishi" is not a brothel girl, she is the wife of General Shengjing (equivalent to the commander of the military region) Zengqi, and she is in a hurry to go back to the northeast to find her husband.But at that time, there was no train connection between Fengtian and Beijing, so they could only be pulled by mule carts.Even if you sit in the car, you don't feel at ease, because I heard that there are beards everywhere on the road, and there is no guarantee that someone will rob him at any time—in troubled times, even the general's signboard is not very useful. Mrs. Zengqi was worried all the way, but she was afraid of something. Someone asked to see him and said his name was Zhang Zuolin. The woman's face turned pale with fright.She knew that Zhang Zuolin was once a "red beard", and in her impression, once someone in this line of work came across him, she didn't have to ask whether she would die or live, just whether she wanted to eat wonton stuffing or knife noodles. Fortunately, legends are always mostly fictional.Lao Zhang quickly changed her impression with a smile and humility - he sent soldiers to protect her. In Huzi's circle, Zhang Zuolin is better known than General Shengjing.With the people sent by Lao Zhang as bodyguards, the journey was smooth and smooth, and they arrived at the General's Mansion safely. As soon as the general's wife came back, she blew the wind beside her pillow: Even if this man surnamed Zhang really has a beard, he is still a good beard! The fall of a chess piece has already indicated that the second half of Lao Zhang's chess game is destined to be bright. Except for Lao Zhang, very few people in the beard at that time could think of this step, and even if they thought of it, they might not be able to do it.The gap between people is so clear. It didn't take long for the situation to stabilize, which is not good news for the insurance team, because it means layoffs. Obviously, Lao Zhang is facing the problem of finding a way out again.The best option is of course recruiting.However, as a good-natured beard, he didn't need to say anything, someone was already helping him find a way. Zhang Ziyun, the chairman of the Bajiaotai Chamber of Commerce, felt that Zhang Zuolin should be supported no matter what, so he invited another local celebrity, Du Panlin, a scholar from Heishan, to meet Zeng Yun, the prefect of Xinmin Prefecture, and hoped that Zeng Zhifu would be included in the Bajiaotai team training.During the conversation, it was natural to show off Zhang Zuolin's character. Zeng Zhifu was still worried about the beard, but after hearing that the two gentlemen raised Lao Zhang so high, and his team had just been set up, and there was no gun to support him, he agreed to meet with him first. Old Zhang Duo is a bright-minded person. When he visited the magistrate, he heard that Zhang and Du called him "Teacher Zeng", and he himself called "Teacher Zeng Zeng Teacher". big change. However, it is not enough that the magistrate has the idea of ​​​​incorporation, because he does not count on this matter, and it is his boss, General Zeng, who counts. Zeng Zhifu originally thought that this matter would be difficult to handle, but he did not expect the report to be typed up, and it was quickly approved.The superior also praised Zeng Zhifu for his brains and ability to handle affairs, saying that this is a good way to "turn robbers into good". In fact, it was because it was clearly written in the report that the surname of the recruited beard was Zhang Zuolin. General Zeng had already learned through his wife's experience that "this is a rare good beard".A good beard, naturally has the blessing of eating the emperor's food. As for other beards, I'm sorry, I'm not an example. With a click, the brakes were closed, and all of them were closed outside. At that time, Lao Zhang only had about a hundred people.However, when Zeng Yun asked Lao Zhang how many troops he had, he turned his mind a few times, thinking that only by having a large number of officials can he become a big official, so he skipped the company row and said that he had a battalion. Okay, then you are the deputy (deputy battalion commander), go and call it. With the indicators in hand, Lao Zhang hurried back to Montenegro and called for an emergency recruitment. As a result, he really assembled a battalion in a short period of time. After editing, Lao Zhang's team officially changed from private to public, and became "people of the country".Although the place where he is stationed is still Bajiaotai, but the day of fortune has come.Bajiaotai is destined to become the birthplace of Lao Zhang's career. In July of the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu (1903), Zhang Zuolin was promoted from deputy to management belt (battalion commander), and brought a battalion of people into Xinmin Mansion. The rural household registration has suddenly become an urban household registration. If you want to ask how you feel, there is only one word: cool! But "cool" can only be cool in the heart, and must not be shouted out loud.Because the city is not so easy to mess with, although there is no bullhead and horse face here, intrigue is indispensable. After entering the city, Zhang Zuolin didn't feel strange at all, as if he had returned to the carriage house back then. Who is the boss of Xinmin Mansion, or rather, who is the owner of the carriage house? Needless to say, of course it was the prefect Zengyun. Try to figure out what kind of person the boss will reuse.Silver, that must be paid as tribute. It has always been "three years to clear the magistrate, one hundred thousand snowflakes of silver", don't look at the magistrate who is full of mouth, he is serious all day long, closing the door is no different from you and me. In addition to the need to "give money", it is also important to be a human being. In front of Boss Zeng, he naturally had to lower his eyebrows and look pleasing to the eye, pretending to obey orders and obey orders. Even when dealing with those "persons of status" who surrounded Zeng Yun, he had to be careful, so that this generation could only be in front of the leader. Say good things about yourself, not bad things. As for doing things, there is no need for the magistrate to worry about it.What Zeng Yun didn't expect, he thought of it, Zeng Yun didn't like to do it, he did it, in short, he will settle all the disadvantages for you, leave all the benefits to you, so there is nothing to worry about. Zeng Yun was not worried at all, he went to be his Xiaoyaoguan alone, and the real military and political power of the Xinmin Mansion was quietly transferred to Zhang Zuolin's hands. Soon after, Lao Zhang's strategy was also initially practiced in the external field. In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), Japan and Russia fought.Let's fight, and we have to fight on the ground in Northeast China.The Qing court neither dared to stop the fight, nor dared to let these people go out to fight, so they had to draw a line: the east of the Liaohe River was the war zone, and the west was the neutral zone. The war zone could be fought, but the neutral zone could not be fought. However, in the absence of any strength as a basis, the rules are of no use. Both sides in the battle do not abide by the rules. They are happy to fight east and west. This time, it's messed up again. At that time, although Lao Zhang had a battalion, it was a battalion promoted by security guards and beards. Most of the weapons were local guns and cannons. It was impossible to "drive away the invaders".But he had already figured it out at this time, to deal with these foreign devils, he had to use the skills he learned when he was a boy. He divided his troops into two, one to maintain local law and order, and the other to follow him among the Japanese and Russian armies. "I have a heart, leaning against a big tree to enjoy the shade"—— Let me tell you, I don't have any principled standpoint, whoever is good, whoever gives me something good, I will help them! At the beginning, the Russian devils came aggressively, with strong soldiers and strong horses.Well, I'll help you, but you have to give me the gun first, and the money. When the old man was employing people, with a flick of his hand, guns, cannons, and money were thrown over immediately. Lao Zhang quickly caught it in his hand, and then yelled: Go! But he didn't move his mouth, didn't work hard, and basically watched the Russian devils rush forward. Of course, this is not without risk.In a blink of an eye, the situation on the battlefield changed suddenly, and the Japanese devils gained power again.Unfortunately, when the Russians lost the battle, although Lao Zhang stayed behind, he couldn't run and win, and was caught.But he still has another trick, that is, "Everyone who comes is a guest, and it's all based on his mouth"—— You can't kill me!why?I have no blood debt.In fact, I am in Cao Ying and my heart is in Han Dynasty. Everyone is of the same language and race. Will I really help a Russian foreigner with red hair and blue eyes?Impossible.In this way, I will help you beat them again.The condition is that you give me the gun first, and the money... After the Russo-Japanese War ended, Lao Zhang's troops were "armed" by Russia and Japan in turn. They had both Russian shells and Japanese-style firearms, and the number had grown from one battalion to three battalions. There was no major damage to the government. This is standard performance.What are you still hesitating about, promote, promote immediately. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), the local officials changed a lot. The general Shengjing and the magistrate of Xinminfu both changed to others, but Lao Zhang was still a "soldier of iron". The new general of Shengjing, Zhao Erxun, came from the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty, not a Manchu bannerman like Zengqi.General Zhao had previously served as Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs, and his official reputation was very good. As soon as he took office, he saw that Zhang Zuolin was promising, so he was promoted to commander (regiment leader). According to the established routine, after Song Jiang was recruited and promoted, he was definitely going to greet Fang La.There is no exception for Lao Zhang, who is now an officer. If the crowd is not eliminated, what about Ruxin Minfu? There used to be three mountain kings in Montenegro. Lao Zhang didn't say anything about his own goodness. The only ones left are Wang Lanting and Du Lishan. If these two mountains are not removed, the so-called suppression of Hu is just empty talk. Being able to stand side by side shows that in Huzi's business, Wang and Du are not inferior to Lao Zhang in terms of professional level. The latter may not be able to take much advantage. After much deliberation, Lao Zhang decided to start with the most powerful Du Lishan in accordance with the policy of first difficulty and then easier.The corresponding strategy he adopted was to stabilize Wang first, then get rid of Du, and then free up his hands to counter Wang. If you want to stabilize Wang Lanting, someone has to go through the needle and make a deal out of it.Without exception, these beards are followed by a "military adviser", who shows off their prestige when there is nothing to do, and gives advice when there is something to do.The so-called "military advisers" are generally "senior intellectuals" in Montenegro, either former scholars or ex-juren. Through the "military counselor", Lao Zhang succeeded in "close contact" with Wang, at least on the surface. Next, he followed suit and worshiped Du Panlin, a scholar from Montenegro, as his adoptive father.Although Du Chuanlin is not a "military adviser", he has a close relationship with the two "big mountains".He sent an invitation card to Du Lishan and invited him to the banquet. In terms of strength, Du Lishan is the most powerful beard in Montenegro.Since he had many enemies, he would not go out to eat easily, but seeing that the person invited was Du Panlin, thinking that the old man had no reason to harm him, he jumped into the cage. Zhang Zuolin, who was born with a beard, was also merciless towards "born from the same root". Before the banquet, he took out the prefect's arrest warrant, arrested him and killed him immediately.Du Panlin realized that he had been fooled by Lao Zhang, but it was too late to regret it. As soon as Du Lishan was finished, Wang Lanting's lips were dead and his teeth were cold, and he was repaired halfway.As for who the murderer is, no one can tell. Anyway, no matter what, the goal of leveling the hills of Montenegro without bloodshed has been achieved.Since then, there has been no banditry in Xinmin Mansion. In the thirty-three years of Guangxu (1907), the Northeast was restructured into a provincial system, and Shengjing was changed to Fengtian Province. The first governor of the three provinces in the Northeast was Xu Shichang, who was later famous.When the new official took office, he did two things. One was to appoint Zhang Zuolin as commander (brigadier).The other thing is to transfer Zhang Zuolin to Taonan Prefecture to "suppress" the Inner Mongolia Anti-reclamation Army. During this period of military career, Lao Zhang's biggest opponent was Tao Ketao.Tao Ketao is also a hero who rises from the rebellion.But Lao Zhang's identity is different now, and even those old comrades in Montenegro are all gone, let alone the grasslands and green forests that have never had any friendship.However, Lao Zhang suffered a lot this time. The anti-reclamation army was very small. Compared with the Qing army, it was basically 100 Qing soldiers versus 2 grassland cavalry.However, the siege came and went, but the 100 still couldn't catch the 2.The reason is that the anti-reclamation army has lived on the grassland since they were young. They are very skilled in equestrianism and are known as "Eagle on Horseback". In addition, they are familiar with the terrain and erratic in their whereabouts. Zhang Zuolin was caught blind as soon as he came up. According to historical data, the battle on the grassland was extremely difficult. It lasted 4 years and took 104 battles. Finally, a four-way joint attack was used to force Tao Ketao to retreat into Russia. At last he was done, Zhang Zuolin realized at this time that he had to move. The reason was that Taonan was too far away from the provincial capital of Fengtian, while Wu Junsheng, one of Lao Zhang's main competitors in the army at that time, was stationed closer than Lao Zhang. Lao Zhang made reports many times, requesting to be transferred from Taonan, but the higher-ups never approved: The night in the grassland is so quiet, you should work hard there. It's really annoying, but there's nothing I can do, I have to wait for the timing to change. Wu Junsheng's qualifications in the army are older than Zhang Zuolin's. Because of frostbite when he was a child, he can't speak well, so he was nicknamed "Wu Big Tongue".Although this brother looks stupid and thick, he also considers himself a hero, and he has the posture of competing with Lao Zhang for the top. Now it depends on who has the best luck, the sharpest ears, and the fastest movements. In the third year of Xuantong (1911), the southern revolutionaries led an uprising in Wuchang. Jianfeng pointed out that all provinces responded.The Northeast Revolutionary Party is going to launch a heavyweight - Lan Tianwei, who is currently serving as the Army's Second Mixed Association (division commander). Upon hearing the news, Zhao Erxun, who succeeded the governor of the three eastern provinces, was shocked. He realized that he was sitting on the crater of a volcano that was about to erupt. Since the soldiers of the provincial capital cannot be counted on, Zhao Erxun can only think of two "teachers of the king of Qin", one is Zhang Zuolin and the other is Wu Junsheng.In his eyes, these are the two most capable and reliable people (“loyalty and courage”). Saving people is like putting out a fire, send a telegram quickly. Both Zhang and Wu received the telegrams almost at the same time. If the straight-line distance alone is considered, Wu Junsheng should win.But he hesitated.The order passed down was: the luggage has not been equipped yet ("the luggage is not packed"), it is too late today, let's go tomorrow, and leave early tomorrow morning. The next day, there was no need to go on the road, because someone had already gone far ahead of him. After Lao Zhang received the telegram, without delay for a minute, he immediately mobilized 500 cavalrymen, whipped their horses and whipped them, and galloped towards Fengtian. When passing by Wu Junsheng's camp, it was estimated that the big fool was still sound asleep, so Lao Zhang sent someone to wait in his big tent.等大舌头醒了，来人告诉他：“张统领”（张作霖）过境，不过“迫于严令”没敢停下来和你喝杯酒，只有到省城相见了。 吴俊升傻了，这才知道张作霖的厉害之处，过了好久才叹息着说，你们张大人真不是凡人啊（“张公抑何神也”）。 机会已被老张牢牢抓住。吴俊升作为曾经的对手，第一个出局，后来甘拜下风，反过来成了跟在老张后面混的小弟。 接下来的对手无疑就是名气很大的蓝天蔚。 蓝天蔚毕业于日本士官学校，被称为湖北新军中不可多得的将才。据说武昌的革命党人本来是打算拥他为都督的，可因为当时他人在奉天，一时赶不过来，这才让黎元洪捡了一个现成便宜。 张蓝二人，如果面对面考试，老张没准会输得连家都不认识。何况此时蓝天蔚手里的筹码要远远超过对手，一个师即使不出击固守城池的话，对500远道而来的骑兵，也是以逸待劳。谁更有胜算一望可知。 然而事情的发展却是谁也没有想到的。 还没正式交手，蓝天蔚就换了便装走人了（“易衣遁”）。一个重要理由是：来敌势大，恐奉天不能支持。 这位士官生不知道，“势大”，那是老张“造”出来的。 张作霖在未进奉天前，就把一部分骑兵撒开，让他们到周围的客栈、商号和民宅，只要有人的地方，就猛贴海报。于是，到处都是海报，到处都有张的骑兵，给人的感觉就是，援兵铺天盖地，不是5百，而是5千，甚至5万。 蓝天蔚出走后并没走得太远，他住在大连日租界，仍想以“临时关东大都督”的名义遥控指挥东北起义。 这时候的革命党人，纵使“名将”，也实在幼稚得可怜，无论胆略还是谋略，都远不是张作霖这样的老混混可比。 掌兵权的都不在了，再怎么遥控得好，剩下来的人也翻不了天了。 张作霖由此看穿了革命党人的虚弱。 你们不是怕我的枪吗，好。 开应对会议时，还没等革命党开口讨价还价，他就啪地一声把手枪摆在了桌上：张某何许出身，大家应该拎得清吧？ 在黑洞洞的枪口之下，赵尔巽终于得以重掌东三省政局，而张作霖亦因功受赏：镇压革命党人有功，被封为关外练兵大臣。 民国元年（1912年），龙旗换成五色旗，北洋祖师爷袁世凯做了临时大总统。张作霖也由清国的旅长升为了民国的师长。 当师长后，老张却发现上面拨下来的军饷不够发了。其实这种事情在百废待兴的民国几乎是通例，别人最常用的办法就是克扣。张作霖认为这样会影响部队士气：工资都发不全，凭什么让我们给你卖命。 如果在清代，可以号召大家用钱来捐官捐功名。不过这是旧社会的事，新社会已经没有人公开这么干了。 张作霖想了一个办法：赌。 奉天城里，老张就是实际的老大。那些跑官买官托门子的，都想来走他的后门。一问，接近老张的办法只有一个，那就是和他赌。 进得张府，老张连对方姓名都不问，马上就开赌。上门的人都知道，赌是假，送钱套近乎是真，所以开始都没真想赢老张的。可是赌着赌着，却发现不对劲了，不是你想不想赢老张的问题，而是非得输个底朝天给他的问题。 受死鬼老爸的影响，老张的赌技绝不输于他的谋略，称得上是一个货真价实的“东北赌王”，什么推牌九，打麻将，押大小，无一不会，无一不精。赌局来去又很大，不是几百块，而动辄就是几千甚至几万。 脸上流汗了，还是留两个子打的回家吧。 且慢，张府赌博是有规矩的：钱不输光不许散！ 有吃不消这种打击的，只好知难而退，从此再也不敢来买官了。但也有誓死不退的那种，前前后后来过好多趟，最后就真的把家底都输光了。 完了，这不是要家破人亡了吗。不用怕，老张不是那种赶尽杀绝型的，他会把你留下来吃饭，吃饭的时候就问你，姓什么叫什么，以前做过什么事。然后，他当着你的面写个简历，让你回家去等。 不用多长时间，你就会收到大小一张委任状。 大家都知道，在老张手下当兵绝对没有亏吃，薪饷一个子都不会少你的，而这些都是靠他老张赌博“赢”过来的。 民国五年（1916年）4月，张作霖被北洋政府任命为奉天督军兼奉天巡按使，从此正式登上封疆大吏的宝座，东北军政大权在握，一时风光无二。 民国年间，无论多么了不得的枭雄，若得不到列强的支持和认可，别说争霸天下，连站稳脚跟都难，这是当时的一个客观事实。 日俄战争后，列强中真正在东北能玩得转的就是日本。虽然它没能如愿以偿地从战败国沙俄身上捞到什么战争赔款（白俄是有名的要钱没有、要命有一条的主），但却继承了南满铁路和旅大的租借权，并且驻有一定数量的军队。 只不过日本人当初在东北找代理，一开始对张作霖这样的人也不是很上心。他们最中意的是所谓宗社党。 宗社党并不是一个党派，只是一个团体。 说起来，这个团体的两个核心人物都与抗战史上臭名昭著的一个大汉奸、大间谋有关。 这个人就是川岛芳子。两个核心，一个是川岛芳子的老爸肃亲王，一个是川岛芳子的养父、日本浪人川岛浪速。这两人合在一起，变着法地想搞“满蒙独立运动”。如此一来，便合了日本政客的胃口。 不过，想法是好的，要变成现实就不那么容易了。肃亲王不是老张，赌博既无技术，又欠运气，所以第一把就输了，而且输得干干净净、彻彻底底——老人家冒着千辛万苦，借巨资买来一大批军火，准备通过走私的方式运到内蒙古去，结果被张作霖的拜把兄弟截获了，近五十辆大车的军火白送给了人家，自然“独立运动”就无从谈起了。 外援接济不上，只能靠草原上自己的人了。宗社党接着又拉拢上了蒙古叛匪头目巴布扎布。巴布扎布也毫不含糊，很有点给人当枪使也幸福的劲头，立即在内蒙聚众起事，并亲率五千骑兵向奉天杀来。 老张和陶克陶这样的草原猛男都干过架，还怕你，结果几个勾拳下去，就把叛匪给撂倒了。巴布扎布本人虽然骑姿英武，但架不住奉军的炮火凶猛，最终也光荣的“死逑”了。 日本人眼睁睁地看着宗社党从意气风发走向溃不成军，终于明白了一个道理：阿斗型的选手终究是不能成器的。 张作霖不失时机地向沮丧的日本政客们伸出了橄榄枝。 这时的老张在东北地面上算是占住了脚，但以他摸爬滚打多年的经历，深知若不跟日本人打好招呼，未来仍然只是一个摸不清深浅的未知数。 刚当上师长，张作霖就去拜访了日本关东都督（关东军司令前身），说了一大通好话。无非表明两层意思，一层是自己对日本有好感，是一个不折不扣的“亲日派”，另一层意思是“我办事你放心”，一副惟命是从的样子。 拜完军人，还得拜政客。老张随后又主动联系日本驻奉天总领事，表达的意思也差不多，只是更加声情并茂一点。 如前所述，老张的热情，起初并没有能够打动这些日本军政要员的心。道理很简单，那时候上门来拍马屁搞投机的人太多了，都排着队拎着烟酒来的，比张作霖更大的官也没少见。 老张走后，他们只是从鼻子里哼了一声：又一个投机取巧的。随后便把老张的名片顺手扔进了废纸篓。 但是时间会证明一切。等到发现宗社党也不行了，日本人终于意识到张作霖还是有几把刷子的，于是逐渐达成了共识：要扶就得扶这样的实力派。 If you want to take it, you must first give it. “老日”是明白这个道理的，他们很为从前漠视这位主动送上门来的“亲日派”感到悔恨，一咬后槽牙，便开始下血本了。 民国十一年（1922年），第一次直奉战争结束，在与直系吴佩孚的角力中，张作霖吃了败仗，不得不退回关外。这是他第一次入关争霸的尝试，却是一次失败的尝试。不过老张没有气馁，他转而实行“精兵主义”，计划通过“整军经武”（整训部队）来提高部队的档次，以图东山再起。 部队好不好，武器很重要。鉴于中国连年战乱不休，为了避免战火越燃越旺，危害到各自的在华利益，当时各国都有约定：你甭管帮哪家，一个原则，不能卖武器给中国。 当然了，约定归约定，私下里怎么干那是另外一码事。 日本在奉军“整军经武”的第一年就卖给张作霖100万军火。第二年，运至东北的军火数整整翻了三倍，达到300多万。由于张作霖不能直接从欧美进口武器，日本还搞了一个代购，先自己从意大利购进1万支枪，12门炮，然后再转卖给奉军。 这么个倒腾法，已经不是光打打擦边球的事情了，大家又都不是傻子，哪里会一点都看不出来。闲话一多，日本人觉得老是这样偷偷摸摸的终非长久之计，所谓“授人予鱼，不如授人予渔”，这么着吧，我投资，给你盖兵工厂。 东北兵工厂的主要机器设备和工程师全部都来自于日本。那时除了清末张之洞搞的汉阳兵工厂，整个中国还没几座像样的兵工厂，无论哪门哪派，其武器大多需要依赖于进口。与他们相比，奉军顿时优势立显。 除了武器，日本还在奉军中派驻军事顾问。当然这些家伙本身就居心叵测，业余时间的主要工作就是在奉军中剌探军情，物色和培养亲日军官。 张作霖虽然得到过日本的帮助，但双方关系很早就埋下来了裂缝。最根本的争执点即在“满洲权益”上面，而所谓的“满洲权益”，又主要来自于袁世凯签下的“二十一条”。 民国建立之后，满蒙仍然划入中国版图，这让日本人大为泄气。既然一口吞不下，只能慢慢嚼了。为此，他们盯上了袁世凯，并把他们对中国的野心和对满蒙的企图，一块打包，弄出了一个“二十一条”。 近人述及袁氏，一个最恰如其分的评价就是，此人不学有术，而且很有术。当年，他被日本人揿着脑袋签“二十一条”实属无奈之举，但也没少用“术”。 老袁先拖。早在谈判过程中，中方代表就竭力拖延谈判时间，本来一个礼拜开五次会，偏开三次，每次谈判都要“请茶”，导致会议不浪费两三个小时都没法进入正题。 最后日本人火了，向北洋政府发出了最后通牒：不签字，即宣战。当时日本以向德国宣战为借口，已经出兵占领山东，宣战威胁并不只是口头讲讲。反正打德国是打，打你中国也是打。 北洋政府认为，至少在十年之内，中国不是日本的对手（“埋头十年，与日本抬头相见”）。在限期到来的最后一个小时内，中方代表不得不低首签字。字是签了，但老袁却从侧面着手，耍上了“阴招”。 事前，日本曾要求整个过程必须“绝对保密”。袁世凯却根本没给日本人保密，他通过有意制造“泄密门”，把这件事弄得满城风雨，国内国外无人不知。 这下可好，先别说国内因此风起浪涌的爱国运动，列强首先不干了，说好的，门户开放，利益均沾，你现在要独吞中国，把它作为你的“保护国”，这事做得也太不地道了。 结果，明明签了字的文件却无法执行。 日本人恨死了这个袁大头，自此便积极支持倒袁。史学界甚至有一种意见，认为后来袁世凯在“称帝丑剧”中的败亡，很大程度上缘于日本的“强力倒袁”。袁世凯自己也心知肚明，所以死前留下了一张纸条：“（我的死）为日本去一大敌”。 “二十一条”共有五大项，与“满洲权益”直接相关的，是第二项。该项条款除把南满铁路和旅大的租借延长至99年外，还要求日本在满蒙拥有各项特权。 日本人把援助张作霖，作为实现和扩大“满洲权益”的一个捷径。在他们看来，双方是债主和债权人的关系，今天给你一点利，明天就可以向你收高利货。 但是老张却不这样想，他认为大家是合作的关系，江湖朋友，兄弟一场，你拉我一把，我记在心里，有机会就回报你一点，也不欠你情，但你不能永远得寸进尺，无休无止，甚至跑到我家里来，动我家产的念头。 这种矛盾冲突在张作霖入主中原后达到了顶点。 民国十三年（1924年），张作霖再次挥师入关，并在第二次直奉战争中一举击败了吴佩孚。自此，在北洋政府内部，奉系独掌政权。 这称得上是张作霖一生事业辉煌的顶点。一个差点被冻死在雪地里的流浪儿，一个居无定所声名狼藉的红胡子，经过不断努力，终于“闻达于诸侯”，成了万人仰望的“张大帅”。 闭上眼只听见，岁月如风在心间。 可是日本人却把张作霖的成功完全看作是他们的功劳。陆相宇垣一成（陆大第14期）甚至说，现在有很多笨蛋，以为张作霖掌控北京是老天照应，“天佑之福”，真是个大笑话。要不是我们“暗中给张以相当之支持”，哪里会有这么好的局面呢。 与此同步的，就是对张作霖索要的价码在级级攀升。 民国十四年（1925年）11月，发生郭松龄倒戈事件，奉天危急，张作霖面临着下野或被杀的危险。情急之下，他从关东军中雇用了62名炮手，并借用了大口径重炮，这才挽救了局势。不过在这件事结束后，他马上就登门酬谢，专门拜访了日本关东厅长官和关东军司令，并拿出一笔钱打赏了帮他出力的日本军人。 老张认为自己欠的人情应该还掉了，感谢的话也说了，钱也给了，已经仁至义尽。可是日本人却抓住这个事情不放，很快又扯到“满洲权益”上去了。 这个时候的张作霖身份有了很大不同，已经不是原来单纯的“东北王”了。特别是入主中原后，他有了更多以天下为己任的意识，而且他也很清楚，如果无限制地答应日本的要求，不光对国家安全是一个威胁，也会对他的个人声誉带来致命伤害。后者甚至可能让他失去争夺北洋领袖的资格。 他因此私下对别人说，我过去做胡子不要紧，不过是三百六十行之外，找碗饭吃吃，但如果被别人骂成“卖国”就不一样了，那是子子孙孙都要被人在背后戳脊梁骨的，万万使不得。 他一度想学他的老对手吴佩孚的样子，依靠英美来制衡日本，但在见效不明显，日本人又逼得太紧的情况下，最后不得不继承“北洋传统”，明的搞不过，暗里使绊子，同时还加上了一点东北特色的“忽悠”。 通过一次次谈判，表面看来，日本得到的实惠确实不少，比如放宽移民限制，取得东北的土地商租权和内地居住权，又比如在东北增设日本领事馆。这都是“二十一条”上明确要求的特权，只是一直没有实际兑现过。当得知张作霖在这些条款上松口时，日本人最初也颇为之狂喜了一阵，晚上高兴得连觉都睡不着。 第二天醒来，却发现完全不是那么回事。 他们原先想得挺美，要通过扩大移民的办法，今天二十万，明天五十万，后天一百万，最后使东北的汉人变成少数民族，日本人则成为社会主流，不费什么力气，就把东北变成日本不可分割的一部分。 没曾想，你快，别人更快。人老张就是闯关东的后代，搞移民？Who is afraid of whom. 在他的暗中支持和鼓励下，汉民闯关东的速度和人数顿时以N倍增长，从内地省份一车皮一车皮地涌入关内的人们如长江之水，连绵不绝，而且，个个跑得飞快，愣是把拖着木屐走得慢慢腾腾的日本人给甩在了后面。 更惨的是，等他们好不容易移了过来，竟然发现无房可住。原因是奉天政府发了一条非正式命令，禁止中国人租房给日本人。所谓非正式命令，是相对于正式命令而言的，说穿了就是当事人心领神会，却又让旁人抓不到任何把柄的东西。 依我看，这招最狠。 南方人体会不深，北方人尤其是东北人能听到牙缝里直冒冷气。 上个世纪早期的全球温室效应还没现在这么严重，不用说，东北的那个气候…… 日本人并非个个都是传说中的忍者神龟。于是，十分不堪。 这时候，老张躲在屋里嘿嘿地笑了起来：小样，还治不了你了。 想把咱老张当枪使，咱老张就把他当枪使。想糊弄咱老张，咱老张就把拐做成轮椅再卖给他。 东北二人传的智慧原来是有历史渊源的。