Chapter 9 Chapter 8 The Red Front Army Goes North Alone

After the right-hand army walked out of the grass, they rested in Brazil and Banyou.This is a semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral area. Although the population is small, there are food, cattle and sheep, which relieved the urgent needs of the hungry Red Army, and the mood of the troops has improved significantly.Because the village is small and cannot accommodate many people, each part lives separately.Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhang Wentian, Bogu and the central government were stationed in Yalong Village in Brazil, and Xu Xiangqian, Chen Changhao, Ye Jianying and the former enemy general headquarters were stationed in Panzhou Village in Brazil.The two villages are about three miles apart, so it is convenient to travel.The rest of the troops were scattered in nearby villages, and the Red First Army, as the vanguard, marched towards the Russian border north of Baozuo.

After the Baozuo battle ended, the route for the Red Army to go north was opened up, and everyone hoped that the left army would come to meet up and go north together as soon as possible.In those days, Mao Zedong invited Chen Changhao to the central station to discuss matters every day.Because he is a member of the Politburo and a leader with decision-making power in the Red Fourth Front Army.Mao Zedong deliberately did his work, trying to pull Chen Changhao into a position consistent with the central government. Xu Xiangqian recalled: "The right army came out of the grassland and occupied the seat. It was the end of August. There was no movement from the left army, which made people anxious. Chairman Mao asked Chen Changhao and me to study how to do Zhang Guotao's work and urged him Bring the left army up. I said: If they have difficulty crossing the grassland, we can send a regiment with horses, yaks, and food to meet them. Chairman Mao said: This is a good way. Then, let’s do it like this. Then, in the name of Mao Zedong, Chen Changhao and myself, we sent a telegram. We ordered the 31st Regiment of the 4th Army to prepare food and be on standby for dispatch.”

Xu Shuai was talking about September 1st.Prior to this, on August 24, Xu and Chen sent a telegram to Zhang Guotao and Zhu De, suggesting that the left army should move closer to the right army.The telegram first reported the enemy's situation, and then said: At present, the arrow is already on the line, and we must enter. The main force of the West Road is out of Min (county) Ha (Dapu), and suppressed out of Xia (River) and Tao (River).The former mainly marched towards Baozuo Minzhou Road, mainly to the Taohe River; the latter mainly went out of Langmusi, Shuangcha, and Banyou.This party must be on standby at the concentrated seat or Langmusi.

My brother thought that the right army could not completely destroy the enemy by acting alone, so they had to approach the right from the left immediately, or take Banyou quickly, so that the two forces could concentrate on advancing towards Xiataomin.The main forces are combined and then divided, which is a big taboo for military strategists.The future is at stake, helping to establish a decision and establishing a restoration, and hesitation will miss the major events of the Chinese revolution. On August 29, Chen Changhao called Zhang Guotao again, notifying the route of the grassland and the plan to prepare for the battle of reservations, and urged again: "The left road should advance to this direction quickly, otherwise the road ahead will be blocked by the enemy. "

After receiving the telegram from Xu and Chen, on August 30, Zhu De and Zhang Guotao called Ni Zhiliang and Zhou Chunquan in the rear of the left army, informing them: "Our left army is concentrating on Banyou and the right army to move closer to the north." Order the 9th Army as the first echelon to advance towards Banyou.The main force of the rear troops was the second echelon, which gathered at Charley Temple on September 12, ready to advance to Banyou.However, "the Chuankang Provincial Party Committee takes Aba as the center, and (Liu) Ruilong is in Aba. In the future, the Political Department of the 31st Army will also open Aba to carry out work to make Aba a part of the Soviet area."

Although the Left Army agreed to go north, Mao Zedong felt that they moved too slowly.According to the plan, it will take half a month to arrive at Banyou, and by then Hu Zongnan will deploy a new line of defense. On September 1, Xu, Chen, and Mao jointly called Zhang Guotao to state their proposal to go north.The telegram pointed out: "The current situation is extremely conducive to moving forward. ... The right-hand army must advance forward with the main force. To the degree that it does not highlight the Xigu and Minzhou lines, the first step is controlled by the first and third armies (regiments) In the Luoda area, the main forces of the 4th Army and the 30th Army control the Baigusi area, and part of it controls Baozuo. In this way, two parallel eastward roads are controlled, and a decisive battle with the five brigades of the Hu enemy can be assured at any time. The enemy intercepted, not to mention stealing the blockade from the gap. Waiting for the arrival on the left, one team headed towards Nanping, and another team feinted to attack the enemy in the direction of Wenxian, and concentrated the main force to attack from Wudu, Xigu, and Minzhou. Will be able to win a great victory." "At present, Jiang and Hu are focusing on the direction east of Xigu. Maoer covers Tongbanyou, and there are many short roads and sheds. It is proposed to use three to four regiments to cover the wounded, sick and materials that can be done. , advancing slowly from Zhuo Keji through Maoergai, so as not to be abandoned."

After receiving the telegram, the Left Route Army began to act.But it didn't go well.According to Zhang Guotao's recollection: "We stayed at the Huajin Temple for two or three days to actively find out the route to the north. The terrain in this area is very unfamiliar to us, and the original map is full of mistakes. Everything needs to be re-examined and studied. Chief of Staff Liu Bocheng It took a lot of effort and extensive consultation with the local people and lamas to draw up a rough plan for the northward advance." "Our general headquarters led the troops to outflank and advance from the brush gold temple to the upper and lower sides according to the plan, but unexpectedly after walking for a day, they encountered It was raining heavily, we were afraid of being blocked by the water, so we actively braved the rain and marched forward. At night, we set up military tents as tents and slept on the water. Sure enough, on the afternoon of the third day, a tributary of the upper reaches of the Machu River was blocked in front of us. It used to be just a small ditch, no more than knee deep, but now the river has risen steeply, more than a foot deep and 300 meters wide, and we cannot pass through it. Judging by the situation, the river water may not recede within a few days. , and we couldn’t find any tools to cross the river, and we had eaten most of our dry food, we had nothing to do, so we decided to go back to brush the Golden Temple.”

If the split between Zhang Guotao and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was inevitable, then the Kachu River was an accidental factor that contributed to the split.Zhang Guotao's memories are exaggerated, but they are also facts.The rivers in the grasslands have no fixed channels, and the floods in the rainy season often run rampant, forming turbulent currents or a vast ocean.Zhu De, Liu Bocheng and the Fifth Army Corps firmly advocated advancing, but none of the troops crossed the Kaqu River, which shows that there was indeed a flood at that time.Dong Zhentang, head of the Fifth Army Corps, the leader of the Ningdu Uprising, clashed with Zhang Guotao by the river.Liu Bocheng, who was present, recalled: "(Zhang Guotao) said he couldn't pass the river, and he wanted to turn back. Comrade Dong Zhentang was a good man, and he said at the time: 'Xiaohe, it can be crossed.' Zhang said no, he wanted to turn back to Aba, and paid immediately. Dong Zhentang angrily quarreled with him: "Comrade Guotao, you used Feng Yuxiang's method to deal with us. Feng Yuxiang treated us as his sons, and you used this method again. Feng Yuxiang has collapsed, you Doing so will lead to collapse!'" However, Zhang Guotao insisted on going his own way and ordered to return to Aba.Zhu De and Liu Bocheng had no choice.Because the central government stipulates that the general political commissar of the Red Army has the final decision.

When turning back, Zhang Guotao sent a telegram to Xu and Chen: Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao were shocked when they received the telegram.Zhang Guotao not only turned around and returned to Aba, but now he even disagrees with the northward policy.Xu Xiangqian believes that Zhang Guotao's reason is not valid. "One is that the so-called Kaqu River is flooded, so it is impossible to ford and build bridges. In fact, the Fourth Front Army has a shipbuilding team of more than 100 people. It is in the Left Army. It is not a problem to use local materials to build simple tools for crossing the river. The second is The so-called lack of food. In fact, there is more grain and rice in the Aba area than in the Maoergai area. Zhang Guotao also said in the previous call. We set out from Maoergai, and each of us only brought fried barley for two or three days. Passing through the grassland? Their food will never be less than ours. What’s wrong with crossing the grassland? What’s more, we have to send troops and food to meet them! Therefore, Zhang Guotao is making an excuse to compete with the central government’s northward policy .”

Of course, Zhang Guotao will not change his strategic policy because a small river cannot pass. He has his own considerations about the overall situation.At that time, he did not tell anyone. After splitting with the Central Committee, he made an explanation at a meeting in Zhuomudiao on October 10, 1935: The Right Route Army won the battle. We think that Hu Zongnan had twenty-seven regiments, three regiments were defeated, and there were still twenty-four regiments.Yu Xuezhong, Zhang Fang, and Lu Dachang had a total of more than 80 regiments, and Taohe and Xiahe were obstructed, and Ma (Bufang) gathered another 20,000 riders in Xiahe.Even when we arrived at Hadapu, after a large number of downsizing, whether we can defeat the enemy is a problem.If we do not fight well, the southwest is the Yellow River and we cannot cross it.Even if the left army spends all its strength to join the right army, but cannot defeat the enemy, it will be easier for the enemy to blockade between the Taohe and the Yellow River.At the same time, the left and right routes cannot be separated. If they pass through the grassland for ten days, and each regiment counts two or three hundred people behind, it must reduce the number of seven thousand people.However, tens of thousands of patients were lost, there were no leather clothes, no preparations for cavalry, aircraft were easy to move, political discipline was not good, and returning people was not easy to solve. If it was dragged to northern Shaanxi, the Red Army could be dragged into a small guerrilla.Although the place is spacious, it is difficult to advance due to conditions such as cold weather and few people.

This passage reflects Zhang Guotao's true thoughts. He believes that going north is more ominous than good, and he is even less interested in the desolate northern Shaanxi area.There are two paths ahead of him: one is to stay here and establish Sichuan and Kang bases.He once said to Liu Bocheng: "The revolution must have a backing and support, and then the victory of the revolution can be won as soon as it stands out." It means that the Chinese revolution is now at a low ebb, and it is necessary to find a remote place to preserve its strength.Liu Bocheng said: "The masses demand resistance to Japan. If you don't leave (always in a minority area), how can you make a revolution?" He refuted his "theory".The second way is to go south to Sichuan.Most of the fighters of the Red Fourth Front Army were from Sichuan, and they were willing to fight back to their hometowns.In Zhang Guotao's own words, it was "back to the carbine". Determined, Zhang Guotao called Zhou Chunquan, Ni Zhiliang, and Wang Hongkun in the rear at 10:00 on September 5, telling them: "Our vanguard corps of the Left Route Army decided to transfer Aba to replenish food and change routes to destroy the enemy." Stand by to raise food", and asked them to pass on this decision to Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao. After receiving Zhang Guotao's telegram to return to Aba, the situation here of the Right Route Army suddenly became tense.Chen Changhao went to the Central Station every day to discuss with Mao Zedong and others. At least until the morning of September 8, Chen Changhao's attitude was still willing to go north.But Mao Zedong has already arranged in secret.After the battle of Baozuo, the Red Army, the last of the right-hand army, arrived in Brazil under the leadership of Peng Dehuai, about 15 miles away from the former enemy headquarters.Peng Dehuai recalled: "When I arrived at the camp, I immediately went to the former enemy headquarters and Chairman Mao. In fact, I went to the former headquarters to go to Chairman Mao. At this time, Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaqiang (Xiang) were sick and living in the headquarters of the Third Army I lived in Brazil for four or five days, and I went to the former headquarters every day, and secretly sent the 11th Regiment to hide not far from Chairman Mao’s residence, just in case.” After the Red Army implemented unified command, all the telegram codes of all units were The General Staff can only communicate with the Red Army General Headquarters and the former enemy General Headquarters, and the various units cannot communicate with each other.Peng Dehuai found Ye Jianying, the former chief of staff of the enemy, "I learned that the First Army Corps had arrived in the Russian border area, and could not find a guide or ask for directions. There was no map, and the grassland was vast. Where is the Russian border? At this time, Yang Shangkun had transferred to other jobs. The political commissar is Li Fuchun. The Three Army Corps prepared a radio station and compiled a secret copy. It can only be said that it is to communicate with the First Army Corps, but not to prevent sudden incidents. Comrade Wu Ting (comrade North Korea) was sent to look for it with a compass The whereabouts of the first legion, I must send the secret copy of the radio station to Lin and Nie. It happened to be sent to Lin Biao. On this day, the incident happened.” Lin Biao and Nie Rongzhen led an army to the Russian border, but they were anxious because they did not see the central government and follow-up troops coming up for a few days. On September 5, they called the former enemy general headquarters: Xu and Chen called back to formulate a seven-day rest and reorganization plan for the First Army, which was nothing more than study, drill, and food collection. Their concerns were not answered.The next day, Wu Ting of the Three Armies sent the code, and the two sides immediately connected. At 15:00 on the 6th, Lin and Nie received a telegram from Zhou Enlai, Peng Dehuai, and Li Fuchun, telling them: "The main force of the first army should gather in the Russian border and send a team to advance to Luoda for reconnaissance." Lin and Nie didn't understand why the instructions from the former enemy headquarters were different from the telegrams from the Three Armies, so they asked Peng Dehuai with the new code, and Peng replied: Under normal circumstances, it was impossible for Peng Dehuai to give Lin Biao instructions on his own.These were undoubtedly approved by Mao Zedong.In the past few days, Mao Zedong and other members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee have been meeting nervously almost every day. On the one hand, how to get Zhang Guotao to go north again;According to Chen Changhao's recollection, Mao Zedong talked to him many times and said to him: "Zhang Guotao leads a team to find another way. It doesn't matter. Let him be there. We will go first. He must come when we leave." But Chen Changhao didn't care. How to disagree, and insisted on waiting for the left army to come and walk together.At this time, Chen Changhao was also very worried. If the debate continued like this, the passage to the north would be blocked by the Kuomintang army, and he would be unable to leave even if he wanted to. At 9 o'clock on the 8th, he and Xu Xiangqian sent a sincere telegram to Zhang Guotao and Zhu De: At this time, Zhang Guotao will not change his decision anymore. He has already issued an order to Zhan Caifang, the political commissar of the 31st Army: "The two regiments of the 91st Division will pass through Suomo until Maerkang and Zhuo Keji are on standby, and the bridge that needs to pass will be repaired. Look at Suomo , Kangmaosi Road, Cai Shufan, political commissar of the column of the Military Commission, was ordered to move the personnel he led to Maerkang to stand by. If he (not) listens, he will be detained and dealt with by telegram.” After receiving calls from Xu and Chen, Zhang Guotao formally issued an order to The order of the army going south: The dispute between the central government's northward movement and Zhang Guotao's southward movement finally developed to the point of tit for tat.It seems impossible to reconcile. (History has left a question: When did Zhang Guotao receive the telegram? Judging from Xu Xiangqian’s recollection, it was obviously not at night, but should be at noon on the 8th——author’s note) Xu Xiangqian recalled: “This telegram was sent by Chen Changhao I saw it first and discussed it with me. When the matter developed to such an extent, we were caught in the middle and felt very embarrassed. I said: It is impossible not to report such a major issue to the central government. You should go there! Chen Changhao Agreed, and immediately took a telegram to find Zhang Wentian, Bogu and the others. In the evening, Chen Changhao called and told me to go to Zhou Enlai's residence for a meeting. Vice Chairman Zhou was still ill at the time and was very weak and unable to get out of bed. When I got there, Chairman Mao . A telegram requesting Zhang Guotao to carry out the Central Committee’s instructions on the northward march was read at the meeting, and Chen Changhao and I were asked to express our views. Chen Changhao agreed with the content of the telegram and suggested that the left and right armies should go northward together; .I agree with the central government's opinion, and I have not considered the issue of going south maturely, and have not expressed my position." That night, the Central Army and the Right Army called the Left Army in the name of seven people: The day of September 8 was spent in a tense atmosphere.Both Mao Zedong and the central leaders were anxious. They sensed a change in the position of the leaders of the Fourth Front Army.Chen Changhao was already clearly inclined to go south. Although Xu Xiangqian did not object to going north, he did not object to going south either, leaving room for it.Disagreement occurred within the Right Route Army, and the situation suddenly became delicate. September 9, 1935 was a fine day, and the sun rose over the east of the meadow.The Red Army's bivouac was as calm as usual, as if nothing had happened.The Red Army soldiers went out to exercise and tidy up their housework as usual. After a few days of rest and a full meal, the fatigue from walking on the grass gradually recovered. Mao Zedong hadn't slept well for several days, and his long hair set off his tired face even more.In order to maintain close contact with Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao these days, he lived with Zhang Wentian, Bogu and others in a small courtyard not far from the former enemy headquarters.In order to persuade Zhang Guotao to change his mind, Mao Zedong and Zhang Wentian sent a telegram to Zhang Guotao again, making a final effort: Peng Dehuai was worried about Mao Zedong's safety, so he ran to Panzhou village every day, and was active between the central government and the former president to observe the movement.When he came to the former president this morning, he saw that Xu and Chen were still discussing the matter of going north.But "going after lunch, Chen Changhao completely changed his tone, saying that Aba is better than Tongnanba. A basic nomadic area is better than an agricultural area. Who would believe this? The national political situation requires the Red Army to go north to fight against Japan. I didn't say a word. I didn't say a word, just listened. This is undoubtedly Zhang Guotao's telegram, which changed the course of action. I immediately went to Chairman Mao to inform this matter. I asked Chairman Mao, we insist on marching north and support the Central Committee , They support Zhang Guotao's policy of going south. The First Army has gone two days. What if the Fourth Army disbands the Third Army? In order to avoid the unfortunate situation where the Red Army fights the Red Army, is it possible to take hostages under such forced circumstances? Chairman After thinking for a while, I replied: No. At that time, I was sad: If the three armies were forced to march south, one army would not be able to march north alone; Relying on superior military power and using conspiracy means to get rid of the central government. The idea of ​​taking hostages is wrong, but I have not mentioned it to a third party. I only asked Chairman Mao for consideration at a critical moment in order to obtain A way out." Peng Dehuai's guess was correct. In a telegram sent by Zhang Guotao on the night of the 9th, he made a completely different analysis of the situation from the Central Committee: Zhang Guotao's telegram listed a lot of favorable reasons for going south, which showed that his decision to go south was correct.Looking at it today, the reasons cited by Zhang Guotao seem to be very practical.Sichuan is their old base, while Gansu and northern Shaanxi are unfamiliar areas, and the fate is uncertain.In contrast, Zhang Guotao is unwilling to take risks.He is obviously not Mao Zedong's opponent in terms of courage and courage.When the Long March was about to win, he had to go back to the old road.However, when this telegram was sent, the Party Central Committee and the Third Army of the Red Army were secretly marching northward, and Xu and Chen were sleeping soundly. When this telegram was received, the Party Central Committee and the Right Route Army had already separated. Besides, on the afternoon of the 9th, when Chen Changhao went to report to Mao Zedong and the leaders of the Central Committee that he was preparing to implement the order of General Political Commissar Zhang to go south, it was extremely bad news for the Central Committee.This means that all previous resolutions made by the Central Committee to go north have now been completely overturned by Zhang Guotao.Mao Zedong was very clear: going south is a dead end for the army on the one hand.Therefore, Mao Zedong severely criticized Chen Changhao.Chen Changhao followed Zhang Guotao's order, although he was full of grievances, he didn't dare to attack, so he left with a sullen face. Chen Changhao's turn made Mao Zedong not only unable to command the Fourth Front Army troops of the Right Army, but also the Fifth and Ninth Army Corps of the Left Army were also stuck by Zhang Guotao.There are also a large number of cadres such as Zhu De and Liu Bocheng. What will be the fate?When Mao Zedong was anxious, Ye Jianying, the chief of staff of the former enemy headquarters, made a secret report, which prompted Mao Zedong to make the determination to go north alone.Regarding the process of this incident, Ye Jianying himself recalled: At that time, we went to a village in Brazil.I lived with Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao in a lamasery.The central government and Chairman Mao also live nearby.When Zhang Guotao led the left army to Aba, he stopped leaving, unwilling to go north again.The central government urged him to go north many times, but he just refused.He also prevented Chen Changhao and others from going north.We'll be waiting for him in Brazil. That day, the former enemy general headquarters held a meeting, and Chen Changhao, the new director of the general political department, gave a speech.While he was speaking happily, the translator came in and handed me a telegram.I saw that the header of the telegram was for Chen Changhao, so I handed it to him. He was in the middle of talking, so he didn't bother to read it, so he passed it to me.When I saw it, I realized that it was Zhang Guotao who sent it, and the tone was very tough.After I saw this telegram, I thought it was a big deal and I should report it to Chairman Mao immediately.I was very anxious, but still calm on the surface, and put the telegram in my pocket.After a while, I went out to pee, so I took this opportunity to run to Chairman Mao.He was very nervous after reading the telegram, took out a very short pencil and a piece of cigarette paper from his pocket, and quickly wrote down the content of the telegram.Then he said to me: "Go back quickly, don't let them find out that you are here." I hurried back, and the meeting was not over yet, and Chen Changhao was still talking, so I handed the telegram back to him, and there was no mistake. .At that time, the Central Committee must leave as soon as possible, otherwise there will be danger.Where are you going?Leave the Fourth Front Army and go to the Third Army Corps, relying on Peng Dehuai. Peng Dehuai was also with Mao Zedong at that time. He recalled: Less than two hours after reporting to Chairman Mao, Ye Jianying secretly reported: Zhang Guotao called to go south, and Chairman Mao went to Xu and Chen to discuss the course of action.Chen Tan, General Political Commissar Zhang (Guo Tao) called to go south.Chairman Mao immediately said: "Since we want to go south, the Secretariat of the Central Committee will hold a meeting. Comrades Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaqiang are sick at the headquarters of the Three Army Corps. Zhang Wentian and Bogu and I will go to the headquarters of the Three Army Corps and have a meeting with Zhou and Wang." Chen Changhao Agreed, they didn't think it was a way out.Ye Jianying and I discussed how to steal the map and the second round, and reach the headquarters of the Third Army Corps before dawn tomorrow morning, and Ye suggested to find a way.Chairman Mao escaped from danger and came to the headquarters of the Third Army Corps. He sent a telegram to Lin and Nie, saying that the course of action had changed, and asked the First Army Corps to wait in place.Tianming hadn't seen Ye yet, so I thought something was wrong.Just when he was in doubt, Ye led the second bureau (director Zeng Xisheng) even brought the map.Ye got rid of all the surveillance arranged by Chen Changhao, luckily! In this way, the Central Committee and the First Army, the Third Army Corps and the Fourth Front Army left without saying goodbye on the night of September 9. After more than two months of rendezvous, the two main Red Army forces had such a heartbreaking split.The main responsibility lies with Zhang Guotao, followed by Chen Changhao.Today, when all the parties involved have passed away, we may look back at the scene at that time, which may be thought-provoking. First of all, what is the content of the telegram that Ye Jianying gave to Mao Zedong?It made Mao Zedong so nervous that he felt that the Central Committee and the First Army were at a critical juncture and had to leave.According to Mao Zedong’s speech criticizing Zhang Guotao at the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Yan’an Central Committee on March 30, 1937, the telegram contained the words “Go south and thoroughly launch the inner-party struggle”.People have been looking for the original of this important "secret telegram" for many years. All the telegrams sent and received during the Long March are well preserved in the Central Archives, especially the telegrams in September 1935, which are clearly recorded every day.But only this "secret telegram" from Zhang Guotao to Chen Changhao on September 9 was not found. Secondly, from the telegrams and memories quoted above, it is difficult for us to point out what conspiracies Chen Changhao has engaged in.He reported to the Central Committee every telegram that Zhang Guotao sent.Therefore, the central government is well aware of every change in Zhang Guotao.Even if Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao agreed to the decision to go south, they were still waiting for the central government to act together, and did not issue specific action orders to the units of the Right Route Army in the name of the former enemy general headquarters. After getting Ye Jianying's report, Mao Zedong considered again and again and decided to make a final fight against Xu and Chen.In the evening, Mao Zedong came to the former enemy headquarters alone.He didn't enter the house, and asked Xu Xiangqian in the yard: "Comrade Qianqian, what's your opinion?" Xu Xiangqian replied: "Since the two armies have joined, it is not appropriate to separate. It may not be good if the four armies are divided into two halves." Mao Zedong Without saying anything else, he bid farewell to Xu Qianqian.But Xu Xiangqian didn't realize the meaning of Mao Zedong's visit at all, let alone what major events would happen at night. That night, the Party Central Committee and the Three Armies acted secretly and nervously.Let's take a look at Marshal Ye Jianying's memories: Chairman Mao proposed to hold a meeting of the Politburo of the Three Army Corps. Before they left, Zhang Wentian and Qin Bangxian found me and said to me: "Lao Ye, you have to go, this place is dangerous." I knew it was dangerous.But I thought, the team directly under the Military Commission is still here, and once I leave, the whole team directly under the Military Commission will not be able to be brought out.I have to wait for the immediate team to leave before I can leave.I said to them, I can't go, you go first.If I leave, I am afraid that everyone will not be able to leave.I will come later. How to take the direct team away?I didn't think about it for a while.Suddenly, I remembered Zhang Guotao's telegram about going south, and decided to use his telegram about going south to make a fuss. I first told Xu Xiangqian: "Commander-in-Chief, the General Political Commissar calls to go south, we should actively prepare. The first is to prepare food. Send a notice to each team directly under them, let them find a place to collect food by themselves, and get the food within ten days. Get ready." He said: "Okay." After getting his approval, I wrote a notice and prepared to send it to each catering unit.The notice said that we will set off at two o'clock this evening and find a place to collect food by ourselves.After the notice was written, I showed it to Chen Changhao. He thought it was right. Food should be prepared first.Then, I held a meeting with the person in charge of the direct team.There were Li Weihan, Yang Shangkun, Li Kenong, Xiao Xiangrong, about seven or eight people participated.I talked about this matter, and I said: The Central Committee has already left, and we will leave at two o'clock tonight.Everyone checked their watches, one minute earlier and one minute later, and they set off at exactly two o'clock.I ask everyone to keep it strictly confidential, and at the same time act according to the stipulated time. After the meeting, I went back to the Lama Temple.I lived in the same room with Xu and Chen, and lived in a corner alone.There is also a lantern in the middle, and we sleep with the lantern on. How could I sleep that night?It's over after two o'clock.I went to bed at nine o'clock, thinking about the time.At ten o'clock, eleven o'clock, twelve o'clock, one o'clock, I lay in bed and dared not fall asleep, and got up at about 1:45.I sent a small staff officer named Lu Jixi (that is, Lu Liping——author's note) in advance to bring the whole map of Gansu.I hide it in a rattan box under my bed.After I got up, I put on my coat, took out the map from under the bed, and went outside. I went to Xiao Xiangrong first, and he just got up.I told him to hide the map quickly, and said: You must keep this map safe, it is a terrible thing.At that time, the entire army had only one map of Gansu.It was five minutes before two o'clock when I handed him the map.As soon as I touched my body, I forgot to bring the pistol, and I wanted to go back to get it. Xiao Xiangrong said, "Don't go back, it's dangerous!" I said, "It doesn't matter, I came out to the public. Come out to check the team going to collect food." I went back I took the pistol and gently pushed the guard Fan Xixian who was sleeping at the door. He didn't wake up. I was afraid of disturbing the people around me, so I left.I pretended to be on patrol, because that was the job of the chief of staff and would not arouse suspicion. In this way, Ye Jianying calmly left the former enemy general headquarters, walked to Asi's Red Army garrison, and joined the Central Committee.His figure quickly disappeared into the wilderness of the night.However, Bi Zhanyun, Lu Jixi, Chen Maosheng, etc., who worked with him in the General Staff, were left there.In order not to alarm Xu and Chen, it was impossible for Ye Jianying to take away all the comrades in the front army. After leaving the Brazilian village, Ye Jianying met Yang Shangkun who was waiting for him. The two traveled together at night and came to the resting place of the team directly under the Military Commission.At a fork in the road, Peng Dehuai, Zhang Wentian, and Bogu were anxiously waiting for their arrival.After greeting each other a few words, Bo Gu urged Ye to leave quickly.It was already dawn when they caught up with the troops of the Three Legions.Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Wang Jiaxiang were all very happy to see Ye Jianying.Mao Zedong said excitedly: "You guys are coming out, good! Good! We are really worried about you." After all the teams were assembled, they marched towards the Russian border where the First Army was stationed. That night, the troops of the front army living in various villages quietly moved out.The German Li De got a notice from Bo Gu and asked him to lead the students of the Red Army United University (the Red Army University of the First Army and the Peng Yang School of the Fourth Army) at two o'clock in the middle of the night.As for what to do, he didn't know.Li De faithfully conveyed the order and started marching in the night fog.When he joined the central column at dawn, he discovered that "obviously not all the troops of the Right Army, but the troops of the Front Army have received orders."Among the entire team, only the Red Army University brought people from the Fourth Front Army. Lin Boqu's food requisition team was quite embarrassed.Two days before the order was issued, he sent all his subordinates out to collect food.The order came suddenly, but Mr. Lin couldn't get the team together.Annoyed, he wrote in his diary: "September 10: Sunny. Started at 3:30 in the morning (DeLing), first concentrated at Asi, and then went to Lajie to camp for 80 miles. Two or three days before the operation, all the transport personnel were transferred out Harvesting the wheat, I didn’t return for a while. The training is really not small.” At that time, most of the comrades in the First Army who were performing tasks abroad did not receive emergency orders.Among them is Yang Shangkun's wife, Li Bozhao, head of the Red Army Soldiers Troupe.After the Baozuo Battle, the Central Committee sent Li Bozhao to the 4th Army and the 30th Army for a tour to express condolences to the soldiers of the Fourth Front Army.Li Bozhao's dance fascinated the soldiers of the Fourth Front Army, and they refused to let her go no matter what they said.Therefore, Li Bozhao was invited to stay in the Fourth Front Army for a month to hold a literary training class for them. On the evening of the 9th, Yang Shangkun was extremely anxious because he could not inform Li Bozhao of the news, so he had to write a letter to a trustee, asking Li Bozhao to ask for leave and come back immediately.When Li Bozhao received the letter and Liu Zhijian and others rushed back to the former enemy headquarters, Chen Changhao was furious at the Central Committee for leaving without saying goodbye.Hearing that the troupe had returned, he immediately ordered them to be disarmed and locked in a small house.It was not until a year later that she reunited with Yang Shangkun in northern Shaanxi. That night, Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao had been sleeping soundly.Such a major event happened around them, and they didn't realize it at all.If they were monitoring the actions of Ye Jianying and the central government, in other words, if Chen Changhao really intended to endanger the central government, it is hard to say whether the central government and the brigade of the three armies can all be driven away so smoothly.Therefore, the statement that the Fourth Front Army "monitored" the Central Committee and the First Front Army has been proved to be untenable. On the morning of September 10, just as Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao got up, their subordinates came to report: Chief of Staff Ye Jianying was missing, and the military map of the headquarters was also missing.Xu and Chen were shocked when they heard the news.Then, the unit of the 4th Army who lived in front called and said: The Central Red Army left overnight and put on guard.He Wei, the person in charge of the Red Army University, hurriedly sat on a stretcher to report: All the people from the Red Army University have left. Is there an order to leave?Chen Changhao said: We didn't give an order, tell them to come back quickly!Immediately, the former enemy general headquarters was in a mess, calling and asking for instructions and reports.Xu Xiangqian recalled: "Such a major accident happened, which made me stunned. I sat on the bed and couldn't speak for half an hour. I thought to myself what happened, and I didn't tell us when I left. Unprepared, I felt heavy, very stimulated, and my head was very numb. That morning, the former enemy headquarters was boiling, and people came and went, chaotic. I was in a bad mood, lying on the bed, blind At the beginning, I didn't want to say a word. Chen Changhao was very excited, said some ugly things, and wrote a report to Zhang Guotao." The sudden northward movement of the Central Committee and the Three Army Corps made it difficult for the Fourth Front Army to know what was going on. Zong Guozhi, a soldier of the 4th Army, recalled: "Suddenly, the superior issued an emergency order and told the troops to leave immediately. What are we going to do? I haven't heard of the mobilization yet. The troops assembled, and our battalion commander said a few words in front of the team. We just said we want to chase! What are we chasing? We couldn't make up our minds at all, and said that we can just chase back, and don't shoot when we see it. We walked a few miles, and saw troops ahead, and he ran as fast as we were chasing. "I didn't catch up.The cadres in the front called and asked the former enemy headquarters: The Central Red Army is gone, and they are still on guard against us, should we fight?Chen Changhao held the phone in his hand and turned to ask Xu Xiangqian.Xu Xiangqian replied decisively: "There is no reason for the Red Army to fight the Red Army! Tell them to obey the command, and they cannot fight anyway!" At this critical juncture, Chen Changhao agreed with Xu Xiangqian's opinion and issued an order to avoid a bloodshed within the Red Army. conflict.Xu Xiangqian said: "He is a political commissar and has the final decision. If he decides to fight because of his emotions, it will be very difficult for me to stop him." Chen Changhao was still angry, and the staff sent a copy of the "Instructions" just received from the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.The full text is as follows: Being emotionally impulsive, Chen Changhao not only failed to carry out the order of the Central Committee, but also called Li Te, the deputy chief of staff, and asked him to lead a troop of cavalry to chase the Central Committee, and to chase back all the comrades of the Fourth Front Army who had been taken away by them.Li Te accepted the task and galloped away on horseback. On the morning of the 10th, the central government and the Three Army Corps arrived at a small village north of Asi after a night of rapid march.Mao Zedong and Peng Dehuai rested in front of a Lama Temple, and discussed with Ye Jianying, Yang Shangkun, and Li De about going north. Suddenly, there was a commotion behind the troops, and Li Te, deputy chief of staff of the Fourth Front Army, and a group of heavily armed cavalry rushed.Li Te shouted immediately: "Comrades of the Fourth Front Army, turn around and stop advancing!" The 10th Regiment, which served as the rear guard of the Red Army, immediately entered a state of alert under the command of Yang Yong, the political commissar of the regiment.The air suddenly became tense.Li Te shouted to the students of the Red Army University: "Don't go north with opportunists, go south!" Li De couldn't stand it, and reprimanded Li Te in Russian.Li Te, a student studying in the Soviet Union, did not show any weakness, and quarreled with Li De in Russian.At the same time, he turned his head and shouted to the red college students: "Are you going with foreigners, or with the Fourth Front Army?"条阵线。 就在这剑拔弩张的时候，毛泽东和彭德怀等赶来了。他和蔼地劝李特到喇嘛庙里谈话，对李特解释北上是中央政治局的决定。李特根本不听，激动地斥责毛说：你们这是退却逃跑的机会主义！李特的态度激怒了一方面军的干部，当李特命令红军大学的人统统回去时，彭德怀大骂李特是“反革命”，要枪毙他。李特待要发作，李德以为他要掏枪，上去把他紧紧抱住。李特挣不开李德那双有力的臂膀，呼呼出气。 这时，毛泽东表现得十分冷静，叫人放开李特，并对围观的四方面军干部说：你们实在要南下也可以，相信以后总会有重新会合的机会。他语重心长地对大家说：“我们都是红军，都是共产党，都是一家人，一家人不打一家人嘛！现在愿意北上的跟党中央走，愿意跟张国焘的可以回去。以后我们还会在一起的。”一方面军干部要教训李特，给他点厉害尝尝。毛泽东劝阻说：“捆绑不成夫妻，他们要走，让他们走吧。以后他们还会回来的。” 毛泽东说完了话，让部下拿来中央刚刚写好的《共产党中央为执行北上方针告同志书》，分发给四方面军的同志们。The full text is as follows: 四方面军的人面面相觑，不知所以。对中央内部斗争，上级是严格保密的，他们对此一无所知。凭着几年来的直觉，他们只知道张国焘的命令是不敢违抗的。所以尽管有人心存疑虑，但没人敢站到一方面军的队伍里来。 在沉闷的气氛中，一、四方面军干部战士，默默地分手了。没有告别的话，更没有笑容，这支队伍在李特带领下，向南走去，逐渐消失在茫茫荒野中。这边，一方面军重整队伍，继续北上。三军团政治部的炊事员、脚夫、勤杂人员都是四方面军的人，走得一个不剩。政治部副主任杨尚昆只剩下一个饭碗，吃饭成了问题，只好加入中央纵队。伍修权的马夫也走了，他只好自己牵着牲口和部队一起北上。本来就减员很多的三军团，此时更显得势单力薄。 毛泽东骑在马上，愤怒和忧伤交织于心。现在他手下只有一、三军团不足万人了，党中央孤军北上，等待他们的将会是什么命运，谁也无法预料。想到这里，毛泽东越发感到肩膀压力的沉重。但是，他绝不是一个悲观绝望的人，任何艰难险阻都不能把他压倒。相反，他把逆境当作一种挑战。他要集中精力和智慧，度过这个最艰难的时刻。