Chapter 3 3. At the provincial committee meeting, Deng Xiaoping was handed over his gun in public

In August 1931, Deng Xiaoping arrived in Ruijin, the center of the Central Soviet Area, from Shanghai.His first position was as Secretary of the Ruijin County Party Committee. In May 1932, Deng Xiaoping was transferred to the secretary of the Huichang County Committee of the Communist Party of China.Two months later, he served as Secretary of the Hui (Chang) Xun (Wu) An (Yuan) Central County Party Committee. However, the good times didn't last long. Half a year later, disaster struck and Deng Xiaoping was overthrown.His "mistake" was "implementing Mao Zedong's retreat doctrine" and a "Jiangxi Luo Ming line".

At that time, Luo Ming was studying at the Central Party School.He saw an article "Luo Ming's Line in Jiangxi" by the Central Propaganda Minister Luo Fu in the central organ's publication "Struggle".The article not only criticized Luo Ming, but also pointed the spearhead of the struggle at the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee headed by Deng Xiaoping, Mao Zetan, Xie Weijun, Gu Bai and Li Fuchun. Luo Ming was puzzled.He found Luo Fu and asked: "I have never been to Jiangxi at all. How can I say that Luo Ming's route is in Jiangxi? My 'Liu Du' ran from Fujian to Jiangxi?"

Luo Fu replied very simply: "The Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee's mistakes, Deng Mao Xiegu's mistakes, are the same as your mistakes. They are retreating and fleeing, and they are against the central government. Therefore, the Luo Ming line in Jiangxi must be severely criticized. " Deng Xiaoping, Mao Zetan, Xie Weijun, Gu Bai, the "Four Diamonds" of the "Jiangxi Luoming Route". Mao Zetan, Mao Zedong's younger brother. Joined the Communist Party of China in 1923, participated in the August 1st Uprising, and served as the party representative of the 31st Regiment of the Fourth Red Army in Jinggangshan.Later, he served as secretary of the Donggu District Committee of the Communist Party of China, member of the Southwest Jiangxi Special Committee, director of the Political Department of the Sixth Red Army, acting political commissar, and secretary of the Yong (Feng) Ji (An) Tai (He) Special Committee of the Communist Party of China.

Xie Weijun, a native of Leiyang, Hunan Province, joined the Communist Party of China in 1926 and followed Mao Zedong to participate in the Jinggangshan struggle. In August 1932, he served as the commander of the Second Military Division of the Jiangxi Military Region and the commander of the Fifth Independent Division. Gu Bai, a native of Xunwu, Jiangxi. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1925 and participated in the Guangzhou Uprising. In October 1929, he served as Secretary of the Xunwu County Committee of the Communist Party of China. In May 1930, he assisted Mao Zedong in the well-known investigation of "Xunwu", and then worked beside Mao Zedong for a long time. In 1931, he served as Minister of Judgment and Minister of Internal Affairs of the Jiangxi Provincial Soviet Government, and a member of the Provincial Soviet Government.

The "Four Diamonds", led by Deng Xiaoping.The pretext for the interim central government to take him under the knife is the so-called Xunwu incident. In the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" war, the Guangdong warlords pressed hard on the southern part of the Soviet area.When the enemy was strong and we were weak, the Huichang Central County Party Committee led the people in the three counties to fortify the wall and clear the field, and smashed the enemy's attack with flexible guerrilla tactics.However, the "Left" adventurists one-sidedly emphasized the expansion of the Central Red Army and incorporated the local armed forces in Hui, Xun, and An into the regular Red Army.At the same time, he ordered the independent division of the Red Army guarding the front line in the southern part of the Soviet area to leave Huichang and Junmen Ridge and head for the northern line. In December 1932, the Cantonese army launched a large-scale attack, and the strength of the enemy and ourselves was very different, and the city of Xunwu fell.

The person in charge of the temporary central government seized this "Xunwu Incident" and framed the Huichang Central County Party Committee as "panicked in front of the enemy and preparing to retreat and flee", and implemented a "pure defensive line". From here, the prelude to the meeting, Xun, and An's opposition to the "Jiangxi Luoming Line" began. The struggle against the "Jiangxi Luo Ming Line" was not accidental. It was a general outbreak of the long-term struggle between those who adhered to the correct line represented by Mao Zedong in the Jiangxi Soviet Area Party and the "Left" dogmatists.

When Wang Ming came to power at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, Deng Xiaoping had reservations about his line. As a result, he was accused of "spreading distrust of the central leadership after the Fourth Plenary Session, and in fact opposing the Communist International and the Fourth Plenary Session." In the Southern Jiangxi Conference in November 1931, Mao Zedong was squeezed out. Mao Zedong's line was denounced as "rich peasant line", "narrow empiricism", and ridiculed that "there is no Marxism-Leninism in the valley".Mao Zetan, Xie Weijun, and Gu Bai fought tit-for-tat against the unreasonable accusations made by dogmatists who lived in "foreign houses" in big cities, did not go deep into reality, and made troubles for various places. Three lines, but the hills in our Soviet area are full of Marxism." As a result, they were accused of "using the slogan 'Mr. .”

Later, Deng, Mao, Xie, and Gu resisted and fought against Wang Ming's line on a series of issues. On the issue of the road to revolution, they opposed the "Left" idea of ​​"capturing one or two central cities and striving for the first victory in one or several provinces" proposed by Wang Ming's "Left" adventurists after the third victory in the "encirclement and suppression" campaign. He believed that when the enemy is strong and we are weak, "it is impossible to develop the Soviets towards central cities and traffic arteries", he advocated "development towards places where the enemy is weak" and established a solid rural revolutionary base.

On the issue of the operational principles of the Red Army, he opposed the "regular warfare" and "positional warfare" advocated by Wang Ming's adventurism, and continued to adhere to strategic and tactical principles such as guerrilla warfare, mobile warfare, and "luting the enemy to go deep." , "Purely defensive line".On the issue of the Agrarian Revolution, he opposed the "Left" land policy that did not distribute land to landlords, and distributed bad land to rich peasants, and advocated solving the land problem according to the principles of "taking more to make up for less, and taking out fat to make up for the thin".Therefore, the areas they were in charge of were accused by the "Left" leaders of "not completely solving the land problem" and "making mistakes along the rich peasant line."

In practical work such as expanding the Red Army, selling public debt, and collecting grain, he opposed erroneous practices such as divorced from reality, excessively high indicators, and forced orders. The Red Army sabotaged work” and “opposed the sale of public debt on the pretext that the masses in the Soviet area were too burdened, and advocated that the main force of the Red Army should make it their main task to raise funds from local tyrants.” Deng, Mao, Xie, Gu and others' adherence to Mao Zedong's correct line and their vigorous resistance to Wang Ming's "Left" errors were obstacles to the full implementation of the "Left" errors by the Provisional Central Committee in the Jiangxi Soviet Area. As the main target of the anti-"Jiangxi Luoming Line".

On February 20, 1933, five days after the Central Committee made the "Anti-Luo Ming Line" resolution, the Central Bureau's organ "Struggle" published a long essay "What is the Offensive Line" by Ren Bishi, head of the Organization Department of the Central Committee. The article criticizes by name the Huixunan Central County Party Committee led by Deng Xiaoping for committing the mistake of purely defensive line. Yongjitai and Huixunan led by Mao Zetan have been stuck in the mud pit of pure defense for a long time. and purely defensive lines against the conciliation of these lines". On February 28, according to the instructions of the Central Bureau, Li Fuchun, secretary of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, made low-key criticisms of his subordinates for not being on the line.Bo Gu was very dissatisfied with this, and believed that the tone set by the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee was too low, and that it was a "serious mistake" not to directly point out that the purely defensive line was the Luo Ming line. Satisfied and extremely distrustful. In late March, the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area did not say hello to the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee. Instead of the Provincial Party Committee and Li Fuchun, they went directly to Huichang, where Deng Xiaoping was located, and held a meeting of party activists in Hui, Xun, and An counties.Luo Fu had just returned from launching the "anti-Luo Ming line struggle" in Fujian, and went to Huichang again without stopping.Before leaving, Luo Mai (played by Li Weihan) who had just entered the Soviet area was also dragged along. Deng Xiaoping was not in the county party committee, but still assigned work in the countryside.Luo Fu said to the person in charge of the county party committee: "I am busy with affairs all day, can I not make mistakes in the route? Find Deng Xiaoping quickly." Deng Xiaoping rushed back to the county party committee overnight.On the way, he asked the person in charge of the county party committee: "What is Luo Fu doing here?" "It is said that it is a meeting of party activists, which was directly deployed by the central government, and what is to be criticized is 'will seek the An Luoming line'." Deng Xiaoping was uneasy. When he saw Li Fuchun, Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, also came, he wanted to find out what happened.Deng Xiaoping and Li Fuchun were old classmates who studied in France for a work-study program, and they had a deep personal relationship.Deng called Li's wife, Cai Chang, Cai Big Sister, and Li Li Big Brother.This brother Li, in order to protect Deng Xiaoping, decided to transfer him to the Provincial Party Committee to be the Propaganda Minister when the Central Criticism Council's Xun'an was gradually escalating and the tone was getting higher and higher. some problems at work. Today, this kind-hearted brother has difficulty answering Deng Xiaoping's question: "I am attending the meeting as an ordinary party member, and I am going to listen to criticism..." Luo Mai chaired the meeting and Luo Fu made a report.Luo Fu named Deng Xiaoping in his opening remarks.He said: "In the past, under the leadership of the central county party committee headed by Comrade Deng Xiaoping, the three counties of Huixun'an implemented a purely defensive line. This line was completely pessimistic and disappointed in the face of the enemy's large-scale offensive. The strength did not have the slightest confidence, so that when they heard the news that the enemy was attacking the Soviet area, they immediately panicked and fled. This line is obviously not the same as the party's offensive line. route." Most of the participants were peasant party members with low education and knowledge, and could only do specific work. Listening to the leaders of the Central Committee talking about what line, what Luo Ming line, and what else would they seek An Luo Ming line, they were confused and discussed: "We are doing well, why are we still criticizing Secretary Deng, and still fighting!" Luo Fu continued: "Due to Comrade Deng Xiaoping's mistakes, the party work in the three counties suffered heavy losses. The Party Central Committee decided to launch a line struggle against right opportunism under the direct leadership of the Central Bureau. This struggle must go deep , going deep into each branch.” Luo Fu turned his gaze to Li Fuchun who was sitting in the corner of the venue. "The instruction letter of the Provincial Party Committee on February 28 was wrong. It was a reconciliation of the purely defensive line. It did not point out that Comrade Deng Xiaoping's purely defensive line was Luo Ming's line. Therefore, if the struggle against the purely defensive line did not go deep, the Provincial Party Committee should also bear a large part of the responsibility." Luo Fu made a report, made a summary, and said a lot.Under the careful planning of the Central Bureau, the meeting made outrageous accusations and merciless criticism of Deng Xiaoping. The meeting passed the "Resolution of the Meeting of Party Activists in Hui, Xun, and An Counties", and decided to immediately reorganize the Hui, Xun, and An Central County Committees and the Standing Committees of the Three County Committees, convene a meeting of party representatives at all levels in the three counties, and carry out anti-Deng Xiaoping's purely defensive line struggle. Luo Fu and Luo Mai returned to Ruijin and wrote "Luo Ming's Line in Jiangxi" and "Take a Look at Comrade Deng Xiaoping's Self-Criticism" respectively, which were published in the eighth issue of "Struggle", an official publication of the Central Bureau. After Mao Zetan and Xie Weijun were criticized, they refused to admit their "mistakes" and wrote to Mao Zedong who was in Yeping, Ruijin, to report the situation. Somehow this matter got to Bogu.He said: "Mao Zedong made mistakes, and so did Mao Zetan and Xie Weijun. They were all stubborn. Not only did they not admit their mistakes, they also vented their dissatisfaction with the party and communicated with each other. This is a factional activity." So Bogu proposed to host it himself. A critique session. Bo Gu went to find Luo Mai and said, "The Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee is holding a summary meeting in Ningdu, so you go with me." The Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee is located in Qili Village, Ningdu County.Bogu first talked to Li Fuchun, Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee. Since the central government decided to launch the anti-Luo Ming line struggle, Li Fuchun and the provincial party committee have always adopted a passive and evasive attitude. "Struggle" published a series of articles, but the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee did not express its position, nor did it discuss it within the party. On February 28, under pressure, Li Fuchun had no choice but to issue instructions on meeting, searching, and anning.The bottom line is to help Deng Xiaoping pass the test.Unexpectedly, this caused great dissatisfaction in the central government.Although Li Fuchun's name was not directly mentioned in Jiangxi, it has already been pointed out. Bo Gu solemnly warned Li Fuchun: "As the secretary of the provincial party committee, your attitude towards the Jiangxi Luoming line is very wrong. What kind of Marxism-Leninism is there in the valley? Some are only narrow empiricism! The line of the central government is an offensive line; The offensive line is the international line. And the international line is absolutely correct, there is no doubt about it!" "Comrade Bogu, I don't doubt the central line, I just don't understand the struggle against the Luo Ming line. Is the anti-Jiangxi Luo Ming line going to be so fanciful? I think..." Without allowing Li Fuchun to finish speaking, Bogu reprimanded sharply: "Comrade Li Fuchun, I warn you, as well as the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, if you don't rein in the precipice, change your attitude immediately, and launch a violent attack on Luo Ming's line, you will be sanctioned by party discipline." Back home, Li Fuchun confided to his wife Cai Chang about the conversation with Bo Gu.The line of attack, they reasoned, was not only directed by the Central Committee, but also supported by the Comintern, representing an international line.Behind the International is Stalin. Could Stalin still be wrong? They didn't dare to think about it any more, and they didn't dare to doubt it anymore. The work summary meeting of the Provincial Party Committee on April 16 was presided over by Bogu himself, aggressive and serious. At the beginning of the meeting, Luo Mai, on behalf of the Organization Bureau of the Central Committee, announced the decision to remove Deng Xiaoping, Mao Zetan, Xie Weijun, and Gu Bai from all positions inside and outside the party. Quite beyond people's expectations, after reading the decision, Luo Mai said loudly: "Hand over the guns of Deng Xiaoping, Mao Zetan, Xie Weijun, and Gu Bai! They are not worthy of armed revolution." Ge Yaoshan, director of the Provincial Security Bureau, led his men to surrender the pistols of Deng Xiaoping, Mao Zemao, Xie Weijun and Gu Bai.The atmosphere of the venue instantly became tense. As the secretary of the provincial party committee, Li Fuchun did not sit on the rostrum, but sat in an inconspicuous corner.All this in front of him made him extremely sad and conflicted.Li Fuchun's wife, Cai Chang, who was then a member of the Standing Committee of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee and Minister of Women, stood in another inconspicuous corner. After Bogu set the tone for the meeting, people began to speak critically. Wei Xiuying, who was a cadre of the Provincial Women's Department at the time, attended the meeting and specially poured tea for the leaders on the rostrum (after liberation, she served as the deputy director of the South China Land Reclamation Bureau, a member of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, and director of the Provincial Women's Federation).She wrote in her memoirs: Deng Shixiang from the Women's Department also went on stage to talk about what was wrong with Deng Xiaoping. After she stepped down, she went to the bathroom, and I followed her in and said, "Shi Xiang, you bastard. We do women's work and have no working relationship with them. How can you talk nonsense? How can you show your prestige on the stage!" Shi Xiang refused to accept it, and punched me, and we were about to fight on the spot. After Cai Chang heard about it, she pulled me out and said, Xiuying, don't mess around. Speak, you will be beheaded.I was young and vigorous at the time, and I just felt that Shi Xiang shouldn't talk nonsense.After the meeting, Deng Shixiang was transferred to work in the Central Organization Bureau. The meeting went on for several days.Bogu received the urgent call and returned to Ruijin.Before leaving, he asked Luo Mai to stay and preside over the meeting, and gave Li Fuchun a lesson, asking him to make a summary according to the spirit of the Central Committee. Luo Mai played the tune of Bo Gu, saying: "Deng Maoxiegu is the creator of the Luo Ming line in Jiangxi, and at the same time the leader of the anti-Party faction and small organization. The Luo Ming line in Jiangxi is an anti-Communist International. The line is a line that is completely opposite to the party's line of attack! This line does not believe in the power of the party or the masses at all, so it has embarked on the path of pessimism and disappointment with regard to the Chinese Soviet movement. " Li Fuchun's summary report stated that there are "three monsters" in Jiangxi's party, namely the so-called "Jiangxi Luo Ming line", "liberalism" and "bureaucratic leadership style".Deng, Mao, Xie, and Gu "are the representatives of this monster": "The provincial party committee actually adopted a liberal conciliatory attitude towards the purely defensive line (Luo Ming's line)", and the monster of bureaucracy "has run rampant throughout Jiangxi. It’s the same from the provincial committee to the district committee.”Li Fuchun had no choice but to say something against his will. Although the "Bolshevik firepower" was very fierce in this "anti-Jiangxi Luo Ming line" struggle initiated and presided over by Bogu himself, Deng Xiaoping, Mao Zetan, Xie Weijun, Gu Bai, etc. did not stand in front of the "left" dogmatists. Abandon principles.At the meeting and in the statement they wrote, they defended and upheld Mao Zedong's correct line with the firm principled stand and open and aboveboard attitude of the Communists. Luo Mai, director of the Organization Bureau of the Central Committee, squatted in Ningdu, asking Deng, Mao, Xie, and Gu Zuo to reflect deeply. Once, twice, and three times, many "reviews" were made, but they couldn't pass the test. However, history is fair and will judge who was right and who was wrong over time. Li Weihan (Luo Mai), who once represented the "correct line", asked Deng, Mao, Xie, and Gu Zuo to conduct a deep inspection three times; fifty years later, although he was an octogenarian, when recalling this period of history, he wrote such a passage Intriguing words: It is completely wrong to oppose the so-called Jiangxi Luo Ming line.This is a big mistake I made in my life.Against the "Luo Ming line", whether in Fujian or Jiangxi, the spearheads are all directed at Mao Zedong's correct line.However, I didn't realize at the time that this was wrong.Decades after the Zunyi Conference, I never objected to Mao Zedong's correct line. Deng Xiaoping suffered double blows in his political career and personal life because of his firm implementation of Mao Zedong's line, but Mao Zedong remembered Deng Xiaoping's punishment and criticism for forty years. In 1972, after the Lin Biao incident, Deng Xiaoping wrote a letter to Mao Zedong, talking about some of his thoughts.Mao Zedong made instructions in the letter.The first article reads: "(Deng Xiaoping) was punished in the Central Soviet Area, that is, one of the four sinners Deng (Xiaoping), Mao (Ze Tan), Xie (Weijun), and Gu (Bo). The head of the Mao faction..."