Chapter 15 480s BC (320-311 BC)

1. The monarch of Weiguo (Puyang, the capital) did not dare to call himself Marquis, and then referred to himself as "Jun". (In the first 346 years, he derogated himself as "Hou". This is another self-deprecation.) 2. Tian Yinqi, the king of *Qi Kingdom (capital Linzi) (the first prestige king) passed away, and his son Tian Biqiang succeeded him (the second term) as King Xuan. 1. Qin Kingdom (capital Xianyang) attacked Han Kingdom (capital Xinzheng) and occupied Yanling (north of Yanling County, Henan Province). 2. The King of Wei Kingdom (the capital Daliang) (first term) Hui Wang Wei Yu passed away, and his son Wei Si succeeded to the throne (second term) as King Xiang.

Meng Kejin saw Wei Si, and when he came out, he told people: "Looking at his appearance, he doesn't look like a king at all, and I can't respect him. He has been there in a daze, but suddenly asked: 'How can we achieve peace?' I Said: "Wait until the world is unified." He asked again: "Who can unify?" I said: "Those who don't like killing people can." He asked again: "Who wants to let him be unified?" I said: "All people in the world I would like to. Do you know the seedlings in the field? If there is a severe drought in July and August, the seedlings will wither. But when the sky is gradually covered with dark clouds and enough heavy rain falls, the seedlings will be green and green again. Under such circumstances, who can stop ?'"

1. The Kingdom of Chu (the capital Yingdu), the Kingdom of Zhao (the capital Handan), the Kingdom of Wei (the capital Daliang), the Kingdom of Han (the capital Xinzheng), and the Kingdom of Yan (the capital Jicheng), jointly attacked the Kingdom of Qin, and the army arrived at Hangu Pass ( Northeast of Lingbao County, Henan Province).The Qin army switched to fight, and the Allied forces of the five countries retreated. (Countries wake up after repeated setbacks and revive the Su-Qin initiative, but the long-disintegrated north-south alliance, with Chu Wang Mihuai as the covenant leader, gathers Zhao, Wei, Han, Clan, and Qi to jointly attack the Qin Kingdom. The Qi Kingdom uses land Wen's strategy, promised to send troops, but ordered the expeditionary army to go as slowly as possible. The Allied Forces of the Five Nations arrived at Hangu Pass, but they were not in the same heart. All countries must preserve their strength, and no one dares or wants to attack first. , the guard of the Qin Kingdom Ying Ji dispatched a surprise army to cut off the food roads of the Chu Kingdom. The Chu army was starving and retreated first, and the other four countries had to follow suit.)

2. Song Yan, the monarch of Song State (capital Suiyang) (thirty-fifth term), is called King Kang. 1. The Kingdom of Qin (capital Xianyang) and the Kingdom of Han (capital Xinzheng) fought in Xiuyu (Yuanyang County, Henan Province). The Han army was defeated and 80,000 people died.The Qin army pursued to Zhuoze (southwest of Xinzheng County, Henan Province), and captured the generals of the Korean army Wei Wei and Shencha alive. 2. State officials (doctors) of the Kingdom of Qi (capital Linzi) competed with Su Qin for favor and power, and sent assassins to assassinate Su Qin. 3. Zhang Yi, the prime minister of the Kingdom of Wei (the capital of Daliang), suggested to the King of Wei (the second King Xiang) Wei Si: "The land of the Kingdom of Wei is less than a thousand miles away, and the armed forces are only 300,000. The terrain is flat and there are no mountains and rivers. Dangerous passes, everywhere must be guarded, and the forces are naturally scattered. The frontier guards are stationed on the borders of Chu (the capital Yingdu), Han, Qi, and Zhao (the capital Handan). The kingdom has become a battlefield. The countries once concluded a vertical alliance, organized an anti-Qin front, and swore to form a brotherly state at Huanshui (Bei Anyang River, Anyang City, Henan Province). It looks grand and grand, as if it is real, but it is not. Brothers born to the same parents killed each other in order to compete for property. Internationally, the old tune of Su Qin was played, and the ending failed, which is very obvious. If you refuse to submit to the Qin Kingdom, the Qin Kingdom will definitely react. Once the army Launch an attack, attack Hewai (the area south of the Yellow River) in the south, occupy Juancheng (west of Yuanyang County, Henan Province), Yancheng (north of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province), and Suanzao (Yanjin County, Henan Province) in the north, and then attack Wei State (capital Puyang), controlled Yangjin (east of Yuncheng County, Shandong Province). So Zhao State could not go south, and Wei Kingdom could not go north. , where do you 'cooperate' from! It is impossible for your country not to fall into trouble, please think twice. I suggest this, not for my personal benefit, so please allow me to resign." Wei Si was persuaded by him, Announced withdrawal from the North-South Alliance Anti-Qin Front, and asked Zhang Yi to act as an intermediary to reconcile with the Qin Kingdom.

Zhang Yi resigned as the prime minister of the Wei Kingdom, returned to the Qin Kingdom, and then served as the prime minister of the Qin Kingdom. (One person can serve as the prime minister who controls the destiny of the country in two hostile countries. This is a unique political market in the Warring States Period. However, international and intelligent prime ministers like Su Qin and Zhang Yi may only deal with some in the name of honor. I am afraid that you cannot participate in specific foreign affairs, national defense, military affairs, and major domestic policy decisions.) 4. Ji Yan, the monarch of the state of Lu (the capital of Qufu) (the thirty-fourth Jinggong), passed away, and his son Ji Lu succeeded to the throne (the thirty-fifth), as Pinggong.

1. Ba State (capital Bacheng) and Shu State (capital Chengdu) have a vast area under their jurisdiction. Ba State governs Chongqing City and the southeast of Sichuan Province, and the northern part of Shu State territory extends to Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province). (Capital Xianyang) requesting assistance.Qin Wang (one Hui Wang) Ying Si intends to take the opportunity to go south to conquer Shu (capital Chengdu).One is that it may be difficult to march because of the dangerous road.Second, they are afraid that the Kingdom of Han (the capital Xinzheng) will take advantage of the false attack after getting the news.Indecision, difficult to determine.Sima Cuo supported Ying Si's proposition, but Zhang Yi said: "I think it is better to attack the Kingdom of Han (capital Xinzheng)." Ying Si asked his reason, Zhang Yi said: "Our grand strategy is: to cooperate with the Kingdom of Wei (capital Daliang) and The Kingdom of Chu (capital Yingdu) maintains goodwill and deals exclusively with the Kingdom of Han. If the army goes deep into Sanchuan (the confluence of Yishui, Luoshui, and the Yellow River, that is, the Great Luoyang area), attack Xincheng (Yichuan County, Henan Province), Yiyang (Henan Province West of Yiyang County, Province), advanced to the border of the split Zhou Kingdom, grabbed Jiuding (a treasure used by the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties to express their ruling authority, and the Ding was just a giant pot used for cooking in ancient times), and obtained Dige and household registration, and then put King Zhou (the forty-two Ren Shenjing Wang Ji Ding) high above the sky, commanding the world, who dares to resist? This is the greatest cause of unifying China. , Those who strive for profit are in the city.' Today, Sanchuan (Great Luoyang area) and the Zhou Kingdom are the "cities" of the world. The cause is very far away." Sima Cuo said: "Otherwise, if you want a country to be rich, you must first expand its territory. If you want a good army, you must first improve the living standards of the people. If you want to unify the world, you must continue to contribute to the country and The people seek welfare. If these three things are achieved, the great achievements will come uninvited. Now, the land of the Qin Kingdom is small and the people are poor. I mean, let’s start with the easy place first. Like Shu, but in the southwest In a tribe in the area, some bastard chieftains like Silugui (Jie) and Zishouxin (Zhou) just appeared. We attack it like wolves attack a flock of sheep. Occupying their land just happens to open up our territory. Seize their Wealth just enriches our people. They will succumb without major killings. The whole world does not think that we are a brutal aggression to destroy a country. The whole world does not think that we are greedy when we obtain the greatest benefits in the four seas. This military operation, no matter in name or in essence, is a dignified teacher of benevolence and righteousness, showing our virtue of eliminating violence and peace. If we attack the Kingdom of Han and hold King Zhou (the forty-second Shenliang King Ji Ding) who still has the name of "Son of Heaven" hostage, then It will be a crime criticized by others, but may not have substantial benefits. Taking the notoriety of "injustice" and attacking a small country that the world does not want others to attack, we will face a crisis that cannot be controlled. The reason is simple. Zhou Kingdom The kings of China are almost all related by marriage to the royal families of various countries, and they are even more intimate with the Kingdom of Qi (the capital Linzi) and the Kingdom of Han. Luoyang area), the two countries will mobilize all forces to jointly resist. They will also ask for help from the Kingdom of Qi and Zhao (the capital of Handan), and seek peace from the Kingdom of Chu and the Kingdom of Wei. In a hurry, the Kingdom of Zhou sent Jiuding to the Kingdom of Chu , The Kingdom of Han ceded the three rivers to the Kingdom of Wei. My lord, what method do you use to prevent it? This is exactly what I call an uncontrollable crisis. Therefore, it is better to attack the Kingdom of Shu than to attack the Kingdom of Han.” Ying Si adopted Sima Cuo’s advice Opinion, send troops to the south.It took ten months to completely conquer, and the chief known as the "King of Shu" was changed to Marquis, and Chen Zhuang was appointed as his prime minister.Since the Kingdom of Shu belonged to the Kingdom of Qin, the Kingdom of Qin was more powerful, its wealth surpassed that of other countries, and it also despised other countries.

2. After Su Qin died, Su Qin's younger brothers Su Dai and Su Li were also respected by all countries for their marketing strategies.The prime minister of Yan Kingdom (Jicheng, the capital) married Su Dai (I don't know whose son married whose daughter, or whose daughter married whose son), in an attempt to seize power.Just when Su Dai returned from his envoy to the Kingdom of Qi, Ji Kui, the second king of Yan, asked him, "According to your observation, is it possible for Tian Piqiang to become the overlord?" Su Dai said, "Of course not." Ji Kui said "Why?" Su Dai said, "He doesn't trust his assistant." Ji Kui suddenly realized, so he trusted Zizhi blindly.Lu Maoshou, a senior official, said to Ji Kuaijin: "People praise Yiqi Fangxun (Yao) for being wise, because he can transfer the power to others willingly. If you can also transfer the power of the Kingdom of Yan to Zi Zhi , you can be famous all over the world just like Yi Qi Fangxun." Ji Kui was even more moved, so he handed over the central government to Zizhi, and Zizhi's authority suddenly rose.But Zizhi's tail-waving system thought it was still not enough, and he reported to Ji Kui: "In the past, Si Wenming (Yu), the first emperor of the Xia Dynasty, preferred a man named 'Yi', but he used his son Si Qi Later, when he believed that Si Qi was incapable of managing the country and wanted to transfer the power to Yi, Si Qi's party members seized the power with arms. People all over the world commented that it was Si Wenming's intentional arrangement. Pretend to abdicate, and at the same time teach your son Si Qi to take it by yourself. Now, you say on the surface that you want to hand over state affairs to Zizhi with full power. However, all officials are still Prince Ji Ping's henchmen. , I still favor my son in my heart and protect Ji Ping in power." Ji Kui was already fascinated by this time, so he ordered all officials above the middle level to be dismissed from their posts, and all seals were handed over to Zi Zhi, who appointed people who would be loyal to him.Zizhi then sat in the Golden Luan Palace and became king (three terms).At this time, Ji Kui was old and could no longer ask about state affairs. Instead, he became a bureaucrat, and state affairs, no matter how big or small, were decided by Zizhi.

1. The king of the Zhou Kingdom (the capital Luoyang) (42nd King Shenliang) Ji Ding passed away, and his son Ji Yan succeeded to the throne (43rd) as King Nan. 1. The Kingdom of Qin (capital Xianyang) attacked Yiqu (Xifeng City, Gansu Province) and occupied 25 cities. (The Yiqu tribe has been destroyed and has become a county of the Qin Kingdom. Refer to 327 BC. The attack at this time is probably the rebellion of the Yiqu tribe, which attracted a large army.) 2. The people of the Kingdom of Wei (the capital Daliang) in the territory of the Kingdom of Qin launched a rebellion.The Qin Kingdom then attacked the Wei Kingdom, occupied Quwo (southwest of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province), and expelled all the residents back to the Wei Kingdom.

3. The Kingdom of Qin defeated the army of the Kingdom of Han (capital Xinzheng) at Anmen (south of Hejin County, Shanxi Province). The Kingdom of Han was unable to fight back, and sent Han Cang, the legal heir to the throne, to the Kingdom of Qin as a hostage, demanding reconciliation. 4. The son of King Yan (the third term) has been in power for three years, and the whole country is in chaos.The high-ranking general (general) Shibei conspired with Prince Ji Ping to attack Zizhi.King Qi (the second King Xuan) Tian Biqiang sent someone to tell Ji Ping: "I heard that you want to rectify discipline and restore the status of father and son to normal. I admire your courage. Now, the Kingdom of Qi is yours. I will do what you teach me." (This is a typical diplomatic rhetoric, which sounds really sweet.) Ji Ping was encouraged, and he assembled heroes, led by the city, to attack the palace, and his followers were in the palace. Struggle to resist and cannot be captured.I don’t know why, but suddenly, Shibai changed his mind and turned to attack his commander, Ji Ping. After several months of melee, tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians died, and the people panicked (Shibai’s attitude changed 180 degrees, what is the reason? , there is no record. It is conjectured without data support, only one explanation is reasonable, and that is the bribe of the quilt).The Kingdom of Qi (the capital Linzi) took the opportunity to enter, and Tian Biqiang appointed Zhang Zi as the commander-in-chief, assembled militias from five major cities and the northern border guards, formed an expeditionary corps, and aggressively attacked the Kingdom of Yan (the capital Jicheng).The Yan Kingdom's army did not resist and did not close the city gate.The Qi army then drove straight into Jicheng (Beijing), the capital of the Yan Kingdom, captured the son alive, chopped it into meat paste, and killed Ji Kuai along the way.

Tian Biqiang asked Meng Ke for advice and said: "Some people persuade me not to annex the Kingdom of Yan, and some people advise me to annex it. But let me tell you, take a country with 10,000 chariots and attack another country with 10,000 chariots." It took only fifty days to completely conquer the country of China. It is impossible to rely solely on manpower. It must be God's will. If you violate God's will, you will be punished. What do you think?" Meng Ke replied: "Annexation If the people of the Kingdom of Yan are happy, they will annex it. The ancients did this, such as Ji Fa, the first king (King Wu) of the Zhou Dynasty (the capital Luoyang), is an example. Annex it and the people of the Kingdom of Yan are not happy, so they will not annex it The ancients also did this. Ji Fa’s father Ji Chang (King Wen) is also an example. If a country with 10,000 chariots conquers another country with 10,000 chariots, the people welcome it, not for others Yes, just to save them from the fire. If the water is deeper and the fire is hotter, the situation will be reversed, and the people will join the crowd and cheer."

At this time, all countries are speeding up their discussions on how to support the Kingdom of Yan against aggression. Tian Biqiang asked Meng Ke's opinion again and said: "The international situation is tense. Some countries may attack me. How should I respond?" Meng Ke said: " I have heard stories about a country with only seventy miles of land, but it unified China. The first emperor (Tang) of the Shang Dynasty, Zi Tianyi, is like this. I have never heard of a country with a land of a thousand miles, but it is afraid of others. Terrible. There is a saying in the Book of Books: "Looking forward to the king, after the king comes, we civilians can recover." Now the king of the Yan Kingdom abuses their people, and you send troops to them, and the people think you are saving them from suffering. So they cheered and welcomed the army of benevolence and righteousness. Later, the army of benevolence and righteousness suddenly changed their appearance, slaughtered their fathers and brothers, imprisoned their children, destroyed their altars, and robbed their treasures. How could that be? The whole world was already very afraid The Kingdom of Qi is powerful, and now its territory has doubled in size. If you don’t have a benevolent government, you will become a magnet, attracting all the weapons in the world to attack you. However, there is still time to make amends. Immediately order the release of the arrested old man and Children, stop looting, get in touch with influential people in the Yan Kingdom, restore their independence, install a new king for them, and then retreat with honor. In this way, there is still hope to maintain the prestige of the Qi Kingdom.” Tian Biqiang refused to accept this offer suggestion. Soon, anti-violent wars broke out everywhere in Yan Kingdom.Tian Biqiang regretted and said, "I'm really ashamed to see Meng Ke again." Chen Jia said, "You don't have to do this, who can never make mistakes in his life?" So he went to visit Meng Ke and asked, "Who is Ji Dan (Duke Zhou)?" "Meng Ke said: "An ancient sage." Chen Jia said: "Ji Dan once ordered his elder brother Ji Xian (Uncle Guan) to monitor Zi Wu Geng, the leader of the survivors of the Shang Dynasty, but Ji Xian and Zi Wu Geng rebelled together. , rebelled against the central government (115 years ago), may I ask, does Ji Dan know that Ji Xian will rebel in the future and still appoint him?" Meng Ke said: "Of course I don't know." Chen Jia said: "Okay, sages also have When you make a mistake." Meng Ke said: "Ji Dan is the younger brother, and Ji Xian is the older brother. The elder brother made mistakes, but the younger brother's responsibility is not serious. But the main thing is that people in ancient times corrected their mistakes when they made mistakes. Modern people are wrong to the end when they make mistakes. People in ancient times did not hide their mistakes, like a solar eclipse, and everyone can see it. For many reasons, a mistake is a virtue." Bo Yang said: The original text's record of this catastrophe in the Yan Kingdom is vague.In particular, I can't see how Tian Biqiang reacted after Meng Ke made this statement?Sima Guang's main purpose is not to report historical facts, but to introduce Meng Ke's remarks.The historical fact is that Tian Biqiang finally gave up his ambition to annex the Kingdom of Yan, and retreated hastily in the flames of anti-violence everywhere, took away the gold and silver treasures of the Kingdom of Yan, and sowed the deep hatred between the two countries.Meng Ke's remarks explain the reason why the Confucian school was always rejected in the Warring States Period.The social status of Su Qin and Zhang Yi is much lower than that of Meng Ke. Su Qin and Zhang Yi are just poor intellectuals, but Meng Ke is a rich generation.But what Su Qin and Zhang Yi proposed was an executable plan, while Meng Ke could only resort to principles.How to tell if the people of Yan Kingdom are happy or not?Although the people are happy, the ruling group with the power to kill people is not happy, so how should we deal with it?The two examples cited are even more confusing. Ji Fazhi replaced Zi Shouxin all through hard work.Ji Changzhi did not replace Zi Shouxin because he did not have the strength at that time.Dogmatic scholars often force complex social phenomena into a predetermined pattern.However, Meng Ke's painful accusation of never admitting his mistakes is still no stranger to reading today, two thousand years later.In Meng Ke's time, people refused to admit their mistakes, but described their mistakes as virtues.Now, in addition to saying that the fault is a virtue, if you press hard, he will immediately become angry, bark his teeth and claws, and fight back at your throat. 5. Tian Piqiang, the king of the Qi Kingdom (the second king of Xuan), passed away, and his son Tiandi succeeded to the throne (the third term), as King Min. (Note: The original record was wrong, Tian Biqiang did not die until twelve years later.) 1. Yougeng (the seventh level of Qin officials) of the Qin Kingdom (capital Xianyang) won the disease, attacked Zhao State (the capital Handan), fell into Lincheng (west of Lishi County, Shanxi Province), and captured the guard Zhuang Bao. 2. The Kingdom of Qin is preparing to attack the Kingdom of Qi (the capital Linzi). Considering that the Kingdom of Chu and the Kingdom of Qi have good relations with each other, they have signed a covenant to jointly resist foreign aggression.So he sent Prime Minister Zhang Yi to the Kingdom of Chu (capital Yingdu) and said to Mi Huai, King Chu (the 21st King Huai), "If you accept my opinion and sever diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of Qi (capital Linzi), our country is willing to Ceded the six hundred miles of land between Shang (Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province) and (Xixia County, Henan Province) to your country, and selected the most beautiful beauties in the Qin Kingdom to be your concubine and maid. The royal family of the two countries has been married for generations We will become a country of brothers forever." Mi Huai was overjoyed and immediately promised that all government officials would congratulate this fruitful diplomatic negotiation, only Chen Zhen's face was heavy, and Mi Huai said angrily: "I don't need to mobilize people. Everyone is happy with the vast land of hundreds of miles, but you are not happy, what is your intention?" Chen Zhen said: "What I am worried about is: it is impossible for the Shangyu area to be included in our territory, and the Qi Kingdom will be humiliated for nothing. , will form an alliance with the Kingdom of Qin. The day when Qi and Qin form an alliance is when our Kingdom of Chu begins to suffer." Mi Huai said, "Tell me your reason?" Chen Zhen said, "The reason why the Kingdom of Qin values ​​us so much is because Because we have such a powerful ally as the Kingdom of Qi. Once we sever diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of Qi, we will be isolated in this world. Why is the Kingdom of Qin afraid of us? How could it sacrifice Shangyu for six hundred miles? After Zhang Yi returned home, We must renege on our promises. In this way, we will lose allies in the north and create enemies in the interior. As a result, Qi and Qin will inevitably attack us. For the sake of the country, it is best to just bluff and pretend to fall out with the Qi Kingdom. Then send people to follow Zhang Yi to the Kingdom of Qin to take over the land, and when they really cede Shangyu to us, it will not be too late to break up with the Kingdom of Qi." Mi Huai roared: "Shut up your stinking mouth, I will teach you I have seen the fruits of this negotiation with my own eyes." So Zhang Yi was invited to serve as the prime minister of the Chu Kingdom, gave the most expensive gift, announced the severance of diplomatic relations with the Qi Kingdom, ordered the closure of border checkpoints, and sent a general to go with Zhang Yi to the Qin Kingdom to go through the formalities . When they arrived in the Kingdom of Qin, Zhang Yi suddenly fell from the car and recuperated behind closed doors. For three months, he refused to show his face or meet the king.Mi Huai thought about it and said, "Could it be that Zhang Yi thinks that we have not done enough to sever diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of Qi?" So he sent a warrior Song Yi to the Kingdom of Qi with the passport of the Kingdom of Song, and insulted the king of Qi (the second king of Xuan) Tian Biqiang. (This passage is not clear, the dispatched "warrior" and the passport of the Song Kingdom, the matter of insulting the King of Qi, I am afraid that it did not happen at the border, but on the Jinluan Palace of the Kingdom of Qi, and said it face to face. Impossible to survive,) Tian Biqiang was so angry that his eyes lit up, and immediately changed his hostile position with the Qin Kingdom, and turned to form an alliance with the Qin Kingdom.After this incident happened, Zhang Yi summoned the envoy of the Kingdom of Chu. He looked surprised and said, "What are you doing here? Why don't you take over the land I promised, from somewhere to a certain place, six miles away." The envoy of the Kingdom of Chu After finally finding out that his ears heard correctly, he hurriedly reported back to Mi Huai. At this time, Mi Huai's reaction was the same as Tian Piqiang's, and sparks immediately flashed in his eyes.He ordered the whole country to mobilize and attack the Kingdom of Qin.Chen Zhen said: "Your Majesty, I can speak now. To attack the Kingdom of Qin is worse than ceding an important city to the Kingdom of Qin, breaking its covenant with the Kingdom of Qi, and demanding that we join forces to attack the Kingdom of Qi. Then, although we have lost territory in the west However, it can be remedied in the east. Today, we cut off the relationship with the Qi Kingdom and accuse the Qin Kingdom of deceiving us. We are trying to make their two countries form an alliance, and we are trying to attract other countries to attack. We are bound to suffer terrible harm. " Mi Huai was so angry that he was dizzy, and he couldn't listen to it. He appointed general Qu Gai as the commander-in-chief, and advanced to the Qin Kingdom.The Qin Kingdom reacted immediately and appointed Wei Zhang, the Shuchang (the tenth and eleventh rank of Qin officials), as the commander-in-chief, and raised troops to fight. Bo Yang said: Mi Gui’s reaction is normal. When a strong man is stimulated, he picks up a knife and strikes, he is a gangster; when an intellectual is stimulated, he writes with a pen, he is a literary ruffian.Success is nothing more than letting out a sigh of relief, and failure can at most cost you your life or loss of freedom.If the country's leaders cannot restrain themselves, their anger may burn not only themselves, but also the country. The world is full of deceit, only interests, no morality.The British themselves said: "Britain has neither permanent friends nor permanent enemies." Not only the United Kingdom, but any country, as long as it is a country and not a street stall set up by street vendors, it is governed by this law .The Kingdom of Chu does not have the capital to turn the clouds and rains, but it insists on turning the clouds and rains, and the disaster will definitely come back and fall on its own head.Between countries, the weak are always unlucky. 1. In spring, the army of Qin Kingdom (capital Xianyang) and the army of Chu Kingdom (capital Yingdu) fought a decisive battle in Danyang (west of Xichuan County, Henan Province, north bank of Danshui).The Chu army was defeated, with 80,000 officers and soldiers killed. Commander Qu Gai, as well as senior officials and royal nobles, were captured more than 70 people.The Qin Corps went deep into Hanzhong County (the upper reaches of the Han River).When Mi Huai heard the news, he trembled all over. The frustration made him lose his mind even more. He ordered to recruit all possible troops and resumed a decisive battle with the Qin Corps in Lantian (Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province). The Chu Corps was defeated again.The Kingdom of Han and the Kingdom of Wei (the capital Daliang) heard the news, took advantage of the emptiness to attack the Kingdom of Chu, and arrived in Dengcheng (Xiangfan City, Hubei Province).Only then did Mi Huai panic, so she bowed her knees to the Qin Kingdom, recalled the remaining troops, ceded two cities to the Qin Kingdom, and concluded a peace treaty. (The political corruption of the Kingdom of Chu has reached an irreparable point. Political corruption will inevitably lead to military corruption, and military corruption will inevitably lead to defeat on the battlefield. Since then, the Kingdom of Chu has been in a slump, a behemoth, unable to save itself.) 2. The nobles of the Kingdom of Yan (the capital Jicheng) jointly supported the prince Ji Ping to inherit the throne (four terms), and he was named King Zhao.After the country was ruined and his family was destroyed, Ji Ping worked hard to become stronger, condolences to the families of the deceased, comforted the surviving orphans and widows, sincerely shared weal and woe with the people, and recruited talents with high rewards.Said to Prime Minister Guo Kai: "The Kingdom of Qi (the capital Linzi) took advantage of our civil strife and forced a murderous hand. This hatred is irreconcilable. I know that the Kingdom of Yan is a small country with limited power and cannot retaliate. However, I still hope to get the world's most talented people. Govern the country together with him in order to wash away the humiliation we have suffered. If you find such a genius, I will serve him willingly." Guo Wei said: "I heard a story. Once upon a time, there was a king who sent his personal entourage (Juan Ren) took a thousand taels of gold and went to buy a Chollima. The Chollima had long since died, so his bodyguard bought the dead horse back with 500 taels of gold. The king was furious, and his bodyguard said, "The dead ones pay a high price, let alone the living ones." ?The thousand-mile horse will be sent to the gate soon.' In just one year, I bought three. If the king is determined to recruit talented people, please treat me as a dead horse. People who are more talented than me will work for you. "Therefore, Ji Ping specially built a palace for Guo Wei, regarded him as a master, and served him respectfully.As the news spread, talents from all over the world defected to the Kingdom of Yan, including Le Yi from the Kingdom of Wei, and Ju Xin from the Kingdom of Zhao (the capital Handan).Ji Ping appointed Le Yi as Deputy Prime Minister (Yaqing) to preside over the government. 3. Xuanhui (unknown name), king (first term) of the Kingdom of Han (capital Xinzheng) passed away, and his son Han Cang succeeded him (second term) as King Xiang. 1. Chen Zhuang, the prime minister of Shu Kingdom (capital Chengdu) belonging to Qin Kingdom (capital Xianyang), rebelled and killed Shu King Yingtong. 2. The king of the Qin Kingdom (the first King Hui) Ying Si sent envoys to see the King of Chu (the twenty-first King Huai) Mi Huai, and was willing to give the land east of Wuguan (southeast of Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province) (including the original Shangyu region) was ceded to the Kingdom of Chu (capital Yingdu), and in exchange for the Central Qiandi of the Kingdom of Chu (Qianzhong County, the county government is in Yuanling County, Hunan Province, and the jurisdiction includes western Hunan and northern Guizhou Province), Mi Huai Zhang Yi hated to the marrow, and replied: "I don't want Wuguan, and I don't want to exchange it. I just want Zhang Yi. Just give Zhang Yi to me, and offer it with both hands in central Guizhou." Zhang Yi heard that and was willing to go. Ying Si said: "Chu The kingdom will kill you. Wouldn’t it be a trap for you to go?” Zhang Yi said: “The Qin Kingdom is strong and the Chu Kingdom is weak. With the king here, they dare not do anything to me? And I am in their heart, ambush the magic weapon, then It is Mi Huai's favorite official, Jin Shang, who was bought by me a long time ago, and he also has the trust of Mi Huai's favorite concubine, Zheng Xiu, and Mi Huai listens to everything Zheng Xiu says." When Zhang Yi arrived in the Kingdom of Chu, his enemies were jealous when they met each other. Mi Huai imprisoned him in the sky prison and was about to be executed.Jin Shang said to Zheng Xiu (this is not what Jin Shang said, but what Gold and Silver Treasures said): "The Kingdom of Qin relies heavily on Zhang Yi. I heard that it has already made a request and is willing to use six cities in the Shangyong (Zhushan County, Hubei Province) area. And a group of beauties from the Kingdom of Qin came to redeem Zhang Yi. At that time, our king, on the one hand, respects the Kingdom of Qin on the other hand. Since the daughter of Qin is extremely beautiful and has a powerful family, You must hold the king in the palm of your hand, but you are going to sit on the cold board." Zheng Xiu was taken aback, and cried to Mi Huai day and night: "Even if a minister does something excessively, he must be loyal to his master. Kill him today. Losing Zhang Yi, the Qin Kingdom will not allow their prime ministers to sacrifice in vain. For the dignity of the country, they must send a large army before starting the war. Please allow me to take my children and flee to the south first, so as not to be too late in the future and be punished by the Qin army Humiliation." Thinking about it, Mi Huai thought that what she said made sense, so she released Zhang Yi and honored her as the honored guest again.Zhang Yi seized this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity and suggested to Mi Huai: "Truly tell you, the anti-Qin front formed by the North-South Vertical Alliance is like driving a group of sheep to fight a fierce tiger. Of course you can't fight. You don't want to reconcile with the Qin Kingdom." , once the Kingdom of Qin joins the Kingdom of Korea (the capital Xinzheng) and the Kingdom of Wei (the capital Daliang) to attack you, your country will be in great danger. Ba Kingdom (capital Bacheng) and Shu Kingdom (capital Chengdu) to which the Qin Kingdom belongs In the west, if the army marches eastward, it will go down the Minjiang River (the Minjiang River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, which flows into the Yangtze River in Yibin City, Sichuan Province), travel 500 miles a day, and arrive at Hanguan (east of Fengjie County, Chongqing City) within ten days. The customs are tight, and the western border of your country has become a dead city. Qianzhong County (Yuanling County, Hunan Province) and Wu County (Wushan County, Chongqing City) may be separated from your country. If the Qin Army goes out of Wuguan again (Southeast of Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province), the north will also be ruined. Obviously, the attack on the Chu Kingdom can determine the survival within three months, and it will take more than six months for the reinforcements from the Allies to arrive. The foolish hope is weak I am worried about this for you. If you can accept my opinion, I would like to encourage the Qin and Chu countries to form a brotherhood forever, for generations to come, and not to fight with soldiers. See you." Mi Huai had already released Zhang Yi, but she didn't want to sacrifice Qianzhong for nothing, so she agreed. Zhang Yi then went to visit the Kingdom of Han, and had an audience with King Han (the second Xiangwang) Hancang, and said: "The land of the Kingdom of Han is barren, half of which is covered with mountains. The grain production is not wheat but miscellaneous grains. The storage in the warehouse can only be supplied for one year. There are no more than 200,000 active soldiers. The armed forces of the Qin Kingdom have a million people. The armies of the Eastern countries wear heavy armor and iron helmets when they fight, and they are unbearably heavy. However, the Qin army throws away their armor when they enter the battlefield. , naked and bare chested, with the head in his left hand and the captive in his right arm. Warlords like Meng Ben and Wu Huo are so brave that they use them to attack unconvinced weak countries, like 30,000 jin of steel pressed onto a bird's egg If you insist on resisting Qin, once the army of the Qin Kingdom occupies Yiyang (Yiyang County, Henan Province) and captures Chenggao (northwest of Xingyang County, Henan Province) to the east, your country will be blocked Cut off, separate the north and the south. The luxurious Hongtai palace and the royal mulberry garden are not yours. For your own sake, it is better to coexist peacefully with the Qin Kingdom, go south to attack the Chu Kingdom, and turn disaster into blessing. "Han Cang agreed. ("Warring States Policy": Han Cang said: "Thank you for your advice, Changguo is willing to be a county of the Qin Kingdom from now on, build a palace for the Qin King, pay tribute as scheduled, as a screen fan, and send Yiyang as a gift." ) Zhang Yi repays Ying Si, and Ying Si appreciates Zhang Yi's achievements in destroying the north-south vertical alliance, and seals him six cities, named Wu Xinjun. (In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the titles of the monarch of the feudal country were divided into "gong", "hou", "bo", "son" and "male". Below the monarch, one had to be named "jun". "Gong", "Hou", "Bo", "Zi" and "Men", but they still maintain the original habit of being named "Jun", and later they were occasionally named "Hou". It was not until the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty that the title of male title was restored to "Gong". "Hou", "Bo", "Zi" and "Men", only female titles are still titled "Jun".) Zhang Yi made another envoy to the Kingdom of Qi (the capital of Linzi), and paid a visit to King Qi (the second King Xuan) Tian Piqiang, and proposed a reconciliation proposal for the East-West Lianheng, saying: "Those who advocate the north-south alliance must say to the king: 'There are three kingdoms in the Qi Kingdom. Jin (Zhao, Wei, Han) is used as a buffer zone, with vast land, many people, and strong soldiers. Although there are a hundred Qin kingdoms, how can we pull out a single hair of our Qi kingdom?' After listening to it, you think it is true, But I forgot to examine its reality. Now the Kingdom of Chu and the Kingdom of Qin have reconciled, and the royal families of the two countries have married each other and vowed to be a brotherly state. Then the Kingdom of Han ceded Yiyang (west of Yiyang County, Henan Province), and the Kingdom of Wei ceded Hewai (South of the Yellow River), the king of Zhao State (the sixth Zhao Yong) went to Xianyang (the capital of the Qin Kingdom) for a pilgrimage, and ceded Hejian (Xianxian County, Hebei Province). If the king persists in boycotting the Qin Kingdom, the Qin Kingdom may take the following reactions: Drive the Kingdom of Han and the Kingdom of Wei to attack the southern part of your country, and drive Zhao Guo's army to cross Qinghe (the current location is unknown, but it should be in the northwest of Shandong Province) and go straight to Boguan (northwest of Chiping County, Shandong Province). At that time, Linzi (the capital of Qi) and Jimo (Pingdu City, Shandong Province) are not yours. Moreover, once the war breaks out, it will be too late to serve the Qin Kingdom.” Tian Piqiang expressed his participation in the East-West Lianheng Reconciliation Front. ("Warring States" "Strategy": Tian Pihou said: "Our country is remote and facing the sea to the east. I have never heard of long-distance strategies. Fortunately, you have enlightened us. We are willing to serve the Kingdom of Qin." So he donated three hundred yuan from a place rich in fish and salt. inside.) Zhang Yi traveled westward to the State of Zhao, met Zhao Yong, the sixth ruler of the State of Zhao, and promoted the policy of reconciliation, saying: "Your Majesty led the whole world to boycott the Kingdom of Qin. Don’t dare to cross the Hangu Pass (northeast of Lingbao County, Henan Province). Your prestige has shocked the vast world in Shandong (east of Xiaoshan Mountain). The Qin Kingdom was under strong pressure, so it had to constantly update its equipment, develop agriculture, and save food and grass. I dare not relax a bit. I am afraid that one day, you will launch a large army to punish our mistakes. Now, the Qin Kingdom relies on the power of the king to conquer Bashu (refer to 316 BC) and annex Hanzhong (the upper reaches of the Han River, refer to 312 BC)年），包围分裂为二的周王国（首都洛阳），前锋直抵白马津（河南省滑县）。秦王国虽然在西方边陲，可是，愤怒之情，已压制得太久。我们那些并不厉害的破落部队，正在渑池（河南省渑池县）集结，盼望北渡黄河，跨过漳水，进据番吾（河北省平山县），在贵国首府邯郸（河北省邯郸市）城下筑营，使当年周王朝讨伐子受辛（纣）的历史重演。因此先派我来，通知大王的左右。请注意的是，秦王国目前正跟楚王国亲如兄弟，而韩王国、魏王国已经屈服，齐王国更献出他们产盐产鱼最富饶的土地。这一切，等于砍断你们赵国的右臂。形势至为明显，一个断了右臂的家伙而跟人决斗，又没有人帮助，孤单单面对强敌，想不被打倒，绝不可能。好吧，即令贵国仍要奋战，那么，秦军分三路进攻，一路进据午道（今地不详，当在赵、齐边境），齐王国大军渡清河（今地不详）向邯郑（河北省邯郸市）挺进。一路进据成皋（河南省荥阳县西北），韩王国、魏王国两国军队在河外（黄河以南）行动。一路屯兵渑池（河南省渑池县）。四国同心合力，克期发动攻击，赵国必然灭亡，遭四国瓜分。请问，你如何阻挡？为大王着想，与其冒这么大的危险，招惹这么多麻烦，为什么不放弃对抗，而跟秦王国和解，永享太平？世世成为兄弟之邦？”赵雍应允。 （《战国策》：赵雍说：“我父亲在位时，李兑当宰相，掌握大权，蒙蔽老爹，独断独行，我那时正在深宫读书，不能参与决策，等到老爹去世，我年纪还小，执政的日子大短，但心里已很疑惑，觉得南北合纵同盟跟秦王国对抗，不符合国家长远利益，正要改变立场，准备行装，要到秦王国道歉，恰好你大驾光临，给我们恳切指示。”赵雍遂率领战车三百辆，到渑池跟秦王见面，割让河间。） 张仪继续访问，北上到燕王国（首都蓟城），向燕王（四任昭王）姬平说：“赵国国君（六任赵雍）已到秦王国朝觐，而且割让河间（河北省献县），表示诚意，全世界只剩下贵国不肯改变。好吧，秦王国大军一旦进驻云中（内蒙古托克托县）、九原（内蒙古包头市），然后促使赵国对贵国攻击，则易水（流经河北省易县南，是燕王国西南边界河）、长城（指燕王国长城，起自河北省尚义县，经内蒙古赤峰市，向东延伸到朝鲜半岛北部），都不会再是大王的土地。情势很明显，齐王国也好、赵国也好，不过秦王国的郡县，不得秦王国允许，他们不敢随便动武。贵国如果向秦王国靠拢，就永远消除齐、赵的威胁。”姬平认为合理，割让恒山（山西省灵丘县南）北部五个城市求和（《战国策》：姬平说：“燕王国远在蛮荒，看起来庞然大物，实际上好像一个婴儿，舆论都不正确，谋略也不能解决问题。幸而贵宾指教，我愿和全国国民，一同接受秦王英明的领导，先奉上恒山的五城，作为敬礼。”） 张仪兴高采烈的返回秦王国报功，然而事情发生变化。还没有走到咸阳（陕西省咸阳市），嬴驷一病而死，子嬴荡继位（二任），是为武王。嬴荡当太子的时候，就不喜欢张仪。等坐上宝座，臣僚们趁机而起，纷纷打张仪的小报告。各国听到消息，先后放弃和解，东西连横阵线消失，南北合纵同盟再建。