Chapter 25 The first ten years of the third century (200-209)

With the strong support of the experienced Prime Minister Cao Cao, the Eastern Han Dynasty government finally stabilized.However, after Cao Cao's death, his son Cao Pi usurped power and established the Cao Wei Empire in the Central Plains; Liu Bei, a Miao descendant of the Eastern Han Dynasty, established the Shu Han Empire in Sichuan Province;The colorful "Three Kingdoms Era" appeared in this century. However, the "Three Kingdoms Era" lasted only sixty-one years. After the 1980s, the Jin Dynasty unified China, and in the 1990s, the "Eight Kings Rebellion" occurred, and the royal family was fratricide; the Chinese once again fell into pain—— — and more painful than ever.

1. In spring, the first month of the lunar year, Dong Cheng, the cavalry general of the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital of Xu County), plotted to assassinate the Chief Inspector (Sikong) Cao Cao was discovered. On the 9th day of the first lunar month (the original text is "Renzi", modified according to the "Book of Later Han"), Cao Cao killed Dong Cheng, Wang Fu, and Zhong Ji, and slaughtered the three clans. Cao Cao planned to attack Liu Bei, the full-power governor (mu) of Yuzhou (Henan Province) (he was in Peixian at the time), but the generals objected: "It is Yuan Shao who is fighting with you for the world. Now Yuan Shao is coming from the north (Yuan Shao's headquarters was in Yecheng at that time) , but we went to the east to fight, what if Yuan Shao attacked us behind us?" Cao Cao said: "Liu Bei is a hero among men, if he doesn't take action today, there will be endless troubles in the future." Guo Jia said: "Yuan Shao is unresponsive and suspicious. , Even if we launch an attack, it will not be too fast. Liu Bei has just risen, and the hearts of the people have not yet been fully convinced. If we act quickly, he will definitely fail." Cao Cao then marched east.

Tian Feng, the administrator (don't drive) of Jizhou (southern central Hebei Province), made an urgent suggestion to Yuan Shao, the plenipotentiary governor (mu) Yuan Shao: "There is a lot of trouble between Cao Cao and Liu Bei, and it is impossible to decide the outcome immediately. If you send troops If we attack Cao Cao's rear, we can succeed in one fell swoop." Yuan Shao did not want to send troops at this time because his youngest son was seriously ill.Tian Feng slammed the ground with his cane, and said: "Heaven! Finally, a once-in-a-thousand-year opportunity appeared, but it was completely destroyed by a baby's illness. Unfortunately, the situation is over!"

Cao Cao attacked Liu Bei and defeated Liu Bei's corps. Going out of the city to observe, seeing Cao Cao's army flag, he abandoned the army and fled), Cao Cao captured Liu Bei's wife and children, captured Xiapi (the county where Xuzhou Prefecture Government is located, Beigupi Town, Suining County, Jiangsu Province), captured Guan Yu, and then attacked Changxi (when In the area of ​​Donghai County), the Changxi army was defeated.Liu Bei defected to Qingzhou (northern Shandong Province), passed Qingzhou governor (inspector) Yuan Tan (in Pingyuan), and then defected to Yuan Shao.When Yuan Shao heard that Liu Bei was coming, he went out of Yecheng (Nanxi Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei Province) two hundred miles away to meet him in person.It was more than a month since Liu Bei arrived in Yecheng, and the remnants of the defeated generals had only gathered a little.

Cao Cao's squadron was stationed at Guandu (northeast of Zhongmu County, Henan Province), and Yuan Shao officially planned to attack Xu County (east of Xuchang City, Henan Province) at this time.Tian Feng said: "Since Cao Cao defeated Liu Bei, Xu County will no longer be empty. Moreover, Cao Cao is good at using troops, with infinite changes and no trajectory to follow. Although the army is small, it should not be underestimated. It is better to hold back and wait for the opportunity. The general guards the mountains and rivers. It is as strong as gold, with the manpower of four states (Jizhou, Qingzhou, Youzhou, and Bingzhou). Make friends with heroes externally, promote farming internally, and strengthen preparations for war. Then select elites to form an assault force: look for the enemy's weaknesses, continue to attack, and disrupt the south of the Yellow River When the enemy rescues the right, we attack the left; when the enemy rescues the left, we attack the right, so that the enemy is exhausted and the people cannot live in peace. We have not worked hard, and the enemy is already in distress. In less than three years, we can wait for victory. Now, it is necessary to give up the battle of wits. A winning strategy, but put success or failure into a battle. If the expected effect cannot be produced, it will be too late to regret." Yuan Shao ignored it.Tian Feng offended Yuan Shao's fury and tried his best to dissuade him. Yuan Shao believed that he was propaganda for the enemy and disturbed the morale of the army, so he ordered Tian Feng to be arrested, handcuffed and imprisoned.The states and counties were ordered to declare Cao Cao's guilt.

In February, Yuan Shao marched into Liyang (Jun County, Henan Province).When the army set off, Ju Shou gathered his family and scattered all the property, saying: "If things succeed, prestige will be all-encompassing; if things fail, you will lose everything, what a pity!" His younger brother Ju Zong said: "Cao Cao's troops are weak. What are you afraid of?" Ju Shou said: "With Cao Cao's wisdom and strategy, and the emperor as political capital. Although we conquered Gongsun Zan (refer to last year), the army is exhausted. Besides, the Lord (Yuan Shao) is proud , the generals were stubborn, and the army collapsed in this battle. Yang Xiong said: "The six countries are stupid, for the sake of the king of Qin, they continue to weaken the king of Zhou." This is exactly what happened today."

General Zhenwei Cheng Yu led 700 men to guard Juancheng (north of Juancheng County, Shandong Province).Cao Cao planned to increase the number to 2,000, but Cheng Yu refused, saying: "Yuan Shao has an army of 100,000, and he thinks he is invincible. Seeing that my army is weak, he will never attack lightly. If there are reinforcements, Yuan Shao must attack if he passes by here. Once you attack, Juancheng will surely fall, and you and I will be hurt, so you don't have to worry." Sure enough, Yuan Shao knew that Juancheng had few soldiers, so he ignored it.Cao Cao said to Jia Xu: "Cheng Yu's courage surpasses that of Meng Ben and Xia Yu (ancient warriors)."

Yuan Shao sent General Yan Liang to attack Baima (an ancient Yellow River ferry in the northeast of Hua County, Henan Province) guarded by Liu Yan, the governor of Dongjun (southwest of Puyang City, Henan Province). Ju Shou said: "Yan Liang is withdrawn. Although he is brave, he is not a commander. You can't be alone." Yuan Shao ignored it. In summer, in April, Cao Cao went north to rescue Liu Yan; the military adviser Xun You said: "Our troops are too small, I am afraid it will be difficult to win, and we must disperse the enemy's offensive. When you arrive at Yanjin Ferry (east of Weihui City, Henan Province), you should Make it look like you are about to cross the Yellow River north and go up to the enemy's rear. When Yuan Shao gets the news, he will divide his troops to intercept it westward. Then you will use lightly equipped cavalry to attack the white horses. When they are unaware, Yan Liang is in control." Cao Cao Accept the suggestion.Yuan Shao received information about Cao Cao's northward march, and indeed he sent troops to the west to invite an attack. However, Cao Cao had led his troops to attack the white horse day and night, which was more than ten miles away from the white horse.Cao Cao ordered Zhang Liao and Guan Yu to charge forward. Guan Yu saw Yan Liang's marshal's banner, leaped forward on his horse, drove straight in, stabbed Yan Liang among the ten thousand troops, cut off his head, and patted his horse back to the formation.Yuan Shaojun was astonished, and no one stopped him, so the white horse broke the siege, and Cao Cao ordered the whole city to move westward along the Yellow River.

Yuan Shao ordered to cross the Yellow River to pursue him, but Ju Shou dissuaded him, saying: "The victory and defeat are fickle, so we must think about it calmly. Now we should garrison Yanjin, separate a part of the army, and go to Guandu. If there is a good news from Guandu, come back to meet the army, and then move on." It is not too late to go south. If the army goes straight south, in case of disaster, everyone will have no way out." Yuan Shao ignored it.When he was about to cross the river, Ju Shou sighed and said: "The people above are arrogant and arrogant, and the people below are only greedy for merit. The Yellow River is long, can I go back to the north?" He declared that he was sick and resigned. Deprive him of his military power and allocate all the troops to Guo Tu.

Yuan Shao's regiment advanced to the south of Yanjin, and Cao Cao's army was on guard. He built a position at the southern foot of Nanban (unknown today), and made people climb a high base to look out. The report said: "There are about five or six hundred cavalry in the front." : "The cavalry has increased, and the infantry is innumerable." Cao Cao said: "Okay, no need to report again!" He ordered the cavalry to dismount and take off the saddle.At this time, the baggage vehicles moving westward from Baima (Hua County, Henan Province) had already started on the road. The generals thought that there were too many, so it was better to retreat back to the camp.Xun You said: "We are luring the enemy to attack, how can we leave?" Cao Cao smiled at Xun You (the two have the same plan, this smile can be called a knowing smile).Yuan Shao's cavalry commander, Wen Chou, and Liu Bei led a total of five or six thousand cavalry, arriving one after another.The generals repeatedly asked to mount their horses, but Cao Cao said, "It won't be that time." Later, Yuan Shao's cavalry became more and more numerous, and he separated an army, and went straight to the convoy of baggage that moved west from the white horse on the road.Cao Cao said: "The time has come!" Everyone got on their horses.At this time, there were no more than 600 cavalry, and Cao Cao sent his army to attack, smashing Yuan Shao's army and beheading Wen Chou.Both Wen Chou and Yan Liang were famous generals of Yuan Shao's corps. They were all killed after only two battles, and the morale of Yuan Shao's corps was low.

At first, Cao Cao liked Guan Yu as a man, but observing his ambitions, he seemed to have no desire to stay for long, so he asked Zhang Liao to inquire about the reason?Guan Yu sighed and said: "I know Cao Gong treated me well, but I have received General Liu (Liu Bei)'s kindness, and I swear to die with him, and I will not turn my back. I will finally leave one day, but before I leave, I must pay attention to Cao Gong. There must be something in return." Zhang Liao told Cao Cao that Cao Cao respected his loyalty.Later, Guan Yu beheaded Yan Liang, and Cao Cao knew that his resignation was not far away, so he rewarded him heavily.Guan Yu sealed all Cao Cao's rewards, left a letter of farewell, and defected to Liu Bei who was in Yuan Shao's camp.Cao Cao's left and right were about to chase him down, but Cao Cao said, "Everyone has his master, let him go." Cao Cao stationed the army at Guandu, and Yan Rou, the Wuhuan military official (Wuhuan Sima) who was far away in Youzhou (northern Hebei Province), sent someone to meet (Yan Rou, Xianyu Assistant, refer to 195), and Cao Cao appointed Yan Rou as the head of the army. Wuhuan Security Commander (Wuhuan Captain).General Jianzhong and Xian Yufu, governor of Yuyang County (Miyun County, Beijing) visited Guandu in person. Cao Cao appointed Xian Yufu as the right-wing frontier commander of northern Xinjiang (General Liao on the right), and returned to Youzhou to guard. 2. Chen Deng, governor of Guangling County (Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province), set up the county government in Sheyang (Sheyang Township, northeast of Baoying County, Jiangsu Province).Sun Ce, the rebellious general, went west to attack Huang Zu, the governor of Jiangxia County (Xinzhou County, Hubei Province) (when he was in Shaxian).Chen Deng lured the remnants of Yan Baihu, the leader of the Wujun (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province) mutiny, in an attempt to cause chaos in Sun Ce's rear.Sun Ce returned to attack Chen Deng and arrived at Dantu (Dongdantu Town, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province), waiting for the delivery of grain and fodder. At first, Sun Ce killed Xu Gong, the governor of Wu County (there is no record of Sun Ce killing Xu Gong. Because Xu Gong was persecuted by Sun Jian’s former army and Danyang County militia commander Zhu Zhi, he gave up his position as county chief and defected to Yan Baihu. Last year, Sun Ce defeated Yan Baihu, and Yan Baihu defected to Xu Gong. Xu Gong was killed in this battle), and Xu Gong’s servants and retainers hid among the people, preparing to avenge Xu Gong.Sun Ce loved hunting and went out to gallop constantly. His mount was a good horse, which was so fast that the guards' horses could not catch up.And on a safari, he suddenly met three vengeful killers. The killer shot Sun Ce in the cheek with an arrow, and the guards arrived afterward, besieging and killing all the killers.Sun Ce was seriously injured, and summoned the Secretary-General (Chang Shi) Zhang Zhao and others, and ordered: "China is in chaos. With the manpower of Wu (Southern Jiangsu Province) and Yue (Zhejiang Province), the dangers of the Three Rivers (Three Rivers: Wusong River, Qiantang River) , Puyang River), you can sit back and watch the end of China’s struggle for hegemony, everyone treat my younger brother well.” Called Sun Quan, who was only 19 years old, to the bedside, put the seal embroidered on him, and said: “Assemble Jiangdong (Jiangsu Province) You are not as good as me when you win victories on the battlefield and compete with the heroes of the world. However, you are not as good as you in selecting talents, doing all your loyalty, and defending Jiangdong." On April 4, Sun Ce passed away at the age of twenty-six. Sun Quan wept bitterly, unable to preside over important military and political affairs.Zhang Zhao said: "Xiaolian (Sun Quan was once sponsored as "Xiaolian")! This is the time for you to cry!" Changed Sun Quan into an official uniform, helped him to the horse, and inspected the barracks.Zhang Zhao led civil and military officials to report to the central government (capital Xu County), and at the same time notified the cities to which he belonged, as well as the generals inside and outside, so that everyone could stick to their posts and obey their duties.Zhou Yu, the governor of Jiangxia County (Yaoling), led an army from Baqiu (Xiajiang County, Jiangxi Province) to attend the funeral, so he stayed in Wu County, and took the position of the Central Military Director (Central Guard Army) to jointly preside over the military affairs with Zhang Zhao. . At this time, although Sun Ce owned Kuaiji County (Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province), Wu County, Danyang County, Yuzhang County (Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province), Lujiang County (Qianshan County, Anhui Province), and Luling County (Taihe County, Jiangxi Province) However, it only controls cities and remote areas, and is still outside the influence.The foreign exiles who live in this land, and the ruler's family surnamed Sun, have not established the friendship between the ruler and the subordinates; the people are panic-stricken, and they all intend to leave as soon as possible for safety.However, Zhang Zhao, Zhou Yu, etc., affirmed that Sun Quan was extraordinary, and could accomplish great things together, and serve them wholeheartedly. 3. In autumn and July, Emperor Liu Xie (20 years old this year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the 14th Emperor Xiandi) named the prince Liu Feng as the King of Nanyang (the capital of Wan County. But at this time the royal family is declining, and Liu Feng will definitely not come to Fengguo take office). On July 12, Liu Feng passed away. 4. Liu Pi, the leader of the Yellow Turban rebels in Runan County (Northwest Sheqiao Township, Pingyu County, Henan Province), betrayed the central government (capital Xu County) and joined Yuan Shao.Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei to lead an army to assist Liu Pi, and all counties and counties responded with troops. Yuan Shao sent people to appoint Li Tong, commander of the militia in Yang'an County (north of Queshan County, Henan Province) (duwei), as the general who conquered the South; Liu Biao, the plenipotentiary governor (shepherd) of Jingzhou (Hubei Province and Hunan Province), also sent people to secretly make friends; Li Tong always refused.Someone advised Li Tong to join Yuan Shao. Li Tong put his sword on his hand and scolded sharply: "Cao Cao is wise, and he will surely stabilize the world. Although Yuan Shao is strong, he will eventually be captured. I would rather die than change my mind." The envoys who killed Yuan Shao , and handed over the seal letter issued by Yuan Shao to Cao Cao. Li Tong strengthened the collection of silk and satin household tax. Zhao Yan, the county magistrate of Langling (Nanrendian Town, Queshan County, Henan Province), met with Li Tong and said: "Now, all the counties have rebelled at the same time, and only Yang'an (Queshan County, Henan Province) is left. One county in the north of the county is also attached to the central government. The people's hearts are disturbed, but instead of strengthening the collection of silk forging taxes, the little people are happy to see chaos, so shouldn't they consider it?" Li Tong said: "Cao Cao and Yuan Shao are on the eve of a decisive battle, and the neighboring counties unexpectedly Betrayed like this, if we can’t present it as scheduled, others will definitely criticize us for being on the sidelines and waiting for the overall situation to be clarified.” Zhao Yan said: “Your consideration is correct, but you should weigh the pros and cons and relax a little. Xiang is distressed." So he wrote to the court secretary (Shang Shuling) Xun Yu, saying: "The people of Yang'an County are poor, and the neighboring counties are all rebellious, vulnerable to impact, and are facing the crossroads of peace and collapse. However, the people of a county are still loyal to the central government, stick to their integrity, and are in a dangerous situation without any ambiguity. I think the government should give special encouragement. Unexpectedly, the household tax is forged, but the urging is even more urgent. What methods will be used to encourage good deeds?" Xun Xun Yu reported to Cao Cao (Cao Cao was far away in Guandu at the time), and Cao Cao ordered the household tax silk and satin to be returned to the people.Jubilation up and down, the whole county is safe.Li Tong immediately attacked Qu Gong, the leader of the mutated people, and defeated them all. The area between the Huaihe River and Rushui (a tributary of the Huaihe River) was completely pacified. At this time, Cao Cao had just formulated a new decree and promulgated the county government to implement it, which was much stricter than the old decree in the past, especially the household tax on silk and satin, which was urgently collected.He Kui, the governor of Changguang County (east of Laiyang City, Shandong Province) (at this time Changguang County belonged to Yuan Tan’s Qingzhou, and He Kui was appointed by the central government. In the situation of warlord separatism, although the central government has been "represented" as The warlords with full powers of governors dare not be shaken, but they can appoint counties and feudal states under their jurisdiction. And the governors of the separatist regime also avoid direct conflicts with the central government, so they also accept these subordinates from the central government), and said to Cao Cao: "In the past, the kings were divided into nine levels of taxation, based on the distance from the capital as the standard (with the capital as the center, it was called "Wangji" and "Jingji" within a thousand miles, and "Houfu" within five hundred miles. Five hundred miles away is called "Dianfu", five hundred miles away is called "men's clothing", five hundred miles away is called "Caifu", five hundred miles away is called "Weifu", and five hundred miles away is called "Weifu". Five hundred miles away is called "Manfu", five hundred miles away is called "Yifu", five hundred miles away is called "Zhenfu", and five hundred miles away is called "Fanfu"), and it provides 'three To adapt to the actual situation of the society (San Dian, "Zhou Guan Da Si Kou": For a society with a newly established order, a light sentence is used. For a society with an established order, a medium sentence is used. For a society with disordered order, Severe punishments). In my opinion: this county should belong to a society with a newly established order, but it is also located in a remote area. The county magistrate should have the right to handle small civil disputes according to the time and local conditions. As long as it does not violate government laws and regulations , the order will not go against the wishes of the people. After three years, the people will live and work in peace and contentment, and then implement the central decree." Cao Cao approved. Liu Bei led his troops in the area of ​​Rushui and Yingshui, where there were guerrilla attacks. In the south of the capital Xu County (east of Xuchang City, Henan Province), the hearts of the officials and the people were uneasy, and Cao Cao was deeply distressed.Cao Ren said: "The counties and counties in the south know that the army is in a state of emergency and cannot be rescued. Liu Bei suddenly overwhelmed the country with a large army, taking advantage of the small. It is completely understandable that they had to betray to survive. However, Liu Bei personally commanded all of Yuan Shao's troops. If we launch an attack, we can defeat it." Cao Cao ordered Cao Ren to lead cavalry to pursue Liu Bei, smash Liu Bei's army, and regain all the rebellious counties and squadrons. Liu Bei led his army back to Yuan Shao's camp (Yuan Shao was on the south bank of the Yellow River in Yanjin at the time), and secretly planned how to leave, so he suggested that Yuan Shao strengthen his alliance with Liu Biao.Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei to lead his own old troops to Runan County to join Gong Du, the leader of the rebels. There were thousands of troops.Cao Cao sent general Cai Yang to intercept, Liu Bei beheaded Cai Yang. Yuan Shao's powerful corps advanced to Yangwu (southwest of Yuanyang County, Henan Province). Ju Shou suggested: "Although we have many troops, our combat effectiveness is not as good as Cao Cao's. Cao Cao has little food and fodder, but we have more food and fodder. Cao Cao is eager to fight, and we are the biggest The advantage is to delay time. Therefore, we should plan for a long time and consume the other party." Yuan Shao refused to listen. In the eighth month, Yuan Shao pushed further south and built camps next to the sand mounds, which stretched for tens of miles from east to west.Cao Cao's army also spread out to the two wings to build a position, and the two sides faced each other far away. 5. On September 1st, a solar eclipse. 6. Cao Cao launched a tentative attack, but could not win, so he withdrew his army and retreated to the camp.Yuan Shao piled earth into mountains in the camp, built tall buildings, and shot arrows at Cao Cao's barracks. Cao Cao's barracks were completely exposed to the enemy's range, and the officers and soldiers covered their heads with shields to dare to pass.Cao Cao made the "Thunderbolt Chariot" (a siege vehicle that throws boulders), and used boulders to attack tall buildings and destroy them one by one.Yuan Shao dug a tunnel again, while Cao Cao dug a horizontal ditch in the camp to block it.However, Cao Cao's army was too small, and the food and fodder were about to run out, and the soldiers were exhausted. Under the pressure of heavy taxes, the people betrayed Cao Cao one after another and defected to Yuan Shao.Cao Cao was worried and distressed, and wrote a letter to Xun Yu, the Secretary-General of the court (Shang Shuling), intending to withdraw his troops and return to the capital (capital Xu County), luring Yuan Shao to go deep.Xun Yu replied: "Yuan Shao gathered all his troops in Guandu, intending to fight you. You face the strongest with the weakest. If you can't restrain the enemy, you will be restrained by the enemy. Now you are standing at the largest position in history." At the turning point. Yuan Shao is just a petty citizen-type hero who can gather many people, but he has no ability to distinguish who is a real talent and appoint them properly. You are smart and wise, also known as righteous, who can stop you from achieving your goal? Insufficient, not to the extent that the Western Han and Western Chu confronted each other in Xingyang (Xingyang County, Henan Province) and Chenggao (Shuishui Town, northwest of Xingyang County, Henan Province). At that time, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu were unwilling to retreat first. , knowing that once you retreat first, the situation will immediately reverse. Your army is only one-tenth of Yuan Shao's army. However, you stick to the ground and hold Yuan Shao by the throat, preventing him from advancing an inch. After half a year, the situation is over. When you reach the bottom of the valley, there will be a big change. This is the opportunity to win by surprise, and you must not lose it." Cao Cao accepted it, ordered the fortifications to be strengthened, and the defenses were tight. When he met the logistics troops transporting food and fodder, he comforted them and said: "In another fifteen days. , I will defeat Yuan Shao for you, so I won’t bother you anymore!” Just as Yuan Shao’s convoy of thousands of vehicles transporting grain and fodder arrived at Guandu.The military adviser Xun You told Cao Cao: "Yuan Shao's convoy will arrive at any time. The escort officer Han Meng is brave but underestimates the enemy. He can be defeated in one blow." Cao Cao said, "Who can take on this task?" Xun You said, "Xu Huang!" Cao Cao So he ordered General Pian Xu Huang and Shi Huan from Hedong County (Xia County, Shanxi Province) to send out an army to invite an attack, smash Han Meng's army, and set fire to the transported luggage. In winter, in October, Yuan Shao's second batch of larger convoys for transporting food and supplies arrived again, escorted by general Chun Yuqiong with more than 10,000 troops, and camped forty miles north of Yuan Shao's camp.Jushou suggested to Yuan Shao: "Send general Jiang Qi to lead the army to patrol the outskirts of Chunyuqiong to strictly prevent Cao Cao from seizing food." Yuan Shao ignored it.Another think tank, Xu You, said: "Cao Cao's troops are weak, and the troops that may be gathered at the assembly point are facing each other head-on. The defense of Xu County, the capital, must be empty. If you send lightly equipped troops to attack southward at night, you can capture it. Xu County falls, and welcomes the emperor ( Emperor Liu Xie), crusade against Cao Cao, Cao Cao became a turtle in the urn. Even if he does not collapse, teach him to save the head and the tail, exhausted, and finally collapsed." Yuan Shao refused, saying: "I want Mr. Cao Cao to be captured." It happened to be Xu You The family members broke the law, and Xu You's family members were arrested by the judge.Xu You was furious, so he defected to Cao Cao. When Cao Cao heard that Xu You was coming, he didn't have time to put on his shoes, so he rushed out barefoot to meet him. He applauded and laughed loudly and said, "Xu You is coming from afar, my great event has been successful!" He took his seat, and Xu You asked Cao Cao, "Yuan Shao's army is powerful, what can you do? Now, how much food do you have left?" Cao Cao said, "It can last for another year." Xu You said, "Nonsense, say it again." Cao Cao said, "It can last for half a year." Xu You said, "You don't want to defeat the Yuan Shao is dead, why do you always lie?" Cao Cao said, "I was joking just now, to be honest, the grain reserves can barely last for a month, what should I do?" Xu You said, "You are a lone army, trapped in the position, no reinforcements outside, no reinforcements inside. Food and grass are in critical condition. Yuan Shao’s convoy of supplies, more than 10,000 vehicles, is stationed in Gushi and Wuchao (both in the west of Fengqiu County, Henan Province), and the security is not strict. If they didn't expect it, and set fire to the food, within three days, Yuan Shao's army would be defeated on its own." Cao Cao was overjoyed, and ordered Cao Hong and Xun You to stay in the camp. He personally led a mixed force of 5,000 infantry and cavalry, and used Yuan Shao's regiment's flag command instead. , Starting from the trail, everyone carried a bunch of firewood; when asked along the way, they replied: "Yuan Gong (Yuan Shao) is afraid that Cao Cao will attack the logistics and grain road, so he sent us to strengthen our guard." usual.As soon as Cao Cao's army arrived at the old city and Wuchao, they immediately launched a siege and set fire to Yuan Shao's grain guards.At this time, when dawn broke, Chunyu Qiong and others realized that Cao Cao's forces were limited, so he led his troops out of the camp, and Cao Cao attacked immediately. Chunyu Qiong did not dare to fight back, so he retreated to the camp to protect himself, and Cao Cao attacked more violently. When Yuan Shao got the news, he said to his son Yuan Tan: "Even if Cao Cao defeats Chunyu Qiong, I will destroy his camp and make him homeless." He ordered Gao Lan and Zhang Yun to carry out this task.Zhang He said: "Cao Cao's leadership is full of elites, and they will definitely attack Chunyu Qiong. Once Chunyu Qiong fails, the general situation is over, and Chunyu Qiong should be rescued first." But Guo Tu, the military adviser, still insisted on attacking Cao Cao's camp. Zhang He said: "Cao Cao's camp, It is very strong, and the attack is bound to fail. If Chunyu Qiong is captured, all of us will become prisoners." Yuan Shao only sent lightly equipped cavalry to rescue Chunyu Qiong, and used his main force to attack Cao Cao's camp, but it really could not be conquered. When Yuan Shao's reinforcements arrived at Wuchao, Cao Cao reported to Cao Cao from left and right: "The enemy cavalry is approaching, please split up and stop!" Cao Cao said angrily, "Tell me when they get behind." So a tragic decisive battle broke out, and Cao Cao's soldiers survived , bloody fighting, the sound of killing shook the world, smashed Yuan Shao's corps, beheaded Chunyu Qiong and others, and set all the army rations on fire.Captured more than a thousand people from Yuan Shao's army, and cut off everyone's nose; captured cattle and horses, cut off the lips or tongue of each cow and horse, and then drove them back to Yuan Shao's camp; fear. Guo Tu was very ashamed of his failure, so he framed Zhang He to Yuan Shao, saying: "Zhang He is very happy to hear that he has failed." Zhang He was angry and frightened, so he and Gao Lan burned the attacking weapons and ran to Cao Cao's camp to surrender. .Cao Hong, who stayed in the camp, was surprised by the surrender of the two senior generals of the enemy and dared not accept it.Xun You said: "Zhang He is angry that his strategy has not been adopted, so he came to surrender, what are you worried about?" Cao Hong then welcomed them into the camp. A series of ruthless bad news made Yuan Shao's corps terrified and at a loss. In an instant, the camp collapsed, and the officers and soldiers scattered for their lives.Yuan Shao and Yuan Tan wrapped their hair in silk scarves and led the remaining 800 cavalry to cross the Yellow River north.It was too late for Cao Cao to pursue him, so he took over all the supplies, books, gold and silver treasures from Yuan Shao's camp.Yuan Shao's remnant troops surrendered to Cao Cao, and Cao Cao killed them all. A total of more than 70,000 people were killed. Jushou had no time to follow Yuan Shao across the river (Yellow River), and was captured by Cao Cao's army. He shouted, "I did not surrender, but was captured." Cao Cao and Jushou were old friends, and greeted him personally, saying, "We are in a different area. I didn't expect to catch you today." Ju Shou said: "Yuan Shao can't use good strategies and tricks to get the humiliation of failure. I can't use my talents, so I should end up like this." Cao Cao said: "Yuan Shao has no brains, so I don't need you However, today’s war has not diminished, and I hope to discuss with you.” Ju Shou said: “My uncle and younger brother, the lifeline is in the hands of Yuan Shao. If you value it, please kill me as soon as possible, it is mine. Blessing." Cao Cao sighed and said, "If I had got you early, there would be no need to worry about the affairs of the world!" He ordered Jushou to be released and treated him very favorably.Later, Jushou tried to escape to the north, and Cao Cao executed him. Cao Cao inspected the files of Yuan Shao’s camp and found that some officials of the central government in Xu County, the capital, and even some generals in the army had written letters to Yuan Shao, and ordered them to be burned. To appease the opposing side. Because a thorough investigation may lead to riots, or even a complete collapse. Heroes are often the same in terms of resourcefulness and mind), said: "Facing Yuan Shao's strength, even I can't believe that I can save it, let alone others?" Most of the cities belonging to Jizhou belonged to Cao Cao.Yuan Shao fled to the north bank of Liyang, joined the general Jiang Yiqu's barracks, held Jiang Yiqu's hand and said, "I give you the head!" Jiang Yiqu immediately left the barracks, invited Yuan Shao to sit up, and gave orders.The remnants of the defeated generals heard Yuan Shao's whereabouts and gradually gathered. Someone told Tian Feng, the administrative officer imprisoned in the prison (don't drive), "you will be valued in the future!" Tian Feng said: "Yuan Shao seems to be very generous on the outside, but on the contrary, he is very suspicious in his heart. He will not forgive me. If I am loyal, I will only think that I am constantly offending him. If the army is victorious, I am happy, and there is a possibility of pardoning me; but now that I am defeated, I am resentful and angry, and my life is in danger." The soldiers all beat their chests. Weeping and said: "If Tian Feng stays in the army, he will not fail." Yuan Shao said to Feng Ji: "people in Jizhou will sympathize with me when they hear that I have lost the front line. Only Tian Feng, who used to dissuade me, is different from others. I feel ashamed." Feng Ji took the opportunity to frame him and said, "Tian Feng applauded and laughed when he got the news of the general's retreat. Fortunately, his prophecy came true." Yuan Shao said to his staff: "I don't use Tian Feng's tricks, and it really is true. To be ridiculed by him." Ordered to kill Tian Feng. At first, when Cao Cao heard that Tian Feng did not follow Yuan Shao's army, he was overjoyed and said: "Yuan Shao will definitely fail!" When Yuan Shao's army broke up and fled, he said: "If Yuan Shao used Tian Feng's strategy at the beginning, it is hard to predict the outcome." Bo Yang said: Liu Bangbei attacked the Huns, Lou Jing dissuaded him, and was thrown into prison. When Liu Bang Baideng broke through and fled in embarrassment, the first thing that came to mind was Lou Jing. 200 years ago).The relationship between Yuan Shao and Tian Feng is almost a historical repeat of the relationship between Liu and Lou, but the reaction is different. Yuan Shao's reaction is that he became angry from embarrassment. Liu Bang deserves to be a hero. Yuan Shao is just a mediocre person. His closed mind makes him lose the ability to reflect. Lou Jing and Tian Feng are both a generation of talents, but their experiences are different. Tian Feng treats Yuan Shao like a glass man. It is thorough, but it cannot escape the murderous hand.In the great era, the whole country is boiling, and no matter how wise people are, they often cannot help themselves unless they have special opportunities.There are endless tragedies for this reason.sad. The two sons of Shen Pei were captured by Cao Cao.Meng Dai, a general of Yuan Shao's department, said to Yuan Shao: "Judgment is a high-ranking official, with dictatorial authority, a prosperous family, and the army under his command has a strong fighting force; and the two sons are with Cao Cao, so they must be rebellious." Guo Tu, Xin Ping also thinks so.Yuan Shao then appointed Meng Dai as the supervising officer (supervising army) to guard Yecheng instead of trial and assignment.The director of the army protection (guard army) Fengji had a grudge with the judge. Yuan Shao asked Fengji for his opinion. Please don't be suspicious." Yuan Shao said: "Didn't you always hate him?" Feng Ji said: "Before, my dispute with him was a personal relationship, but today's statement is a national event. "Yuan Shao said: "Yes!" He decided not to dismiss the judge.Shen Pei then became friends with Feng Ji. Yuan Shao sent troops to attack some of the rebellious cities in Jizhou and recovered them slightly. Yuan Shao is generous and elegant, very generous, and never shows his emotions or anger; but he is self-willed, has an overestimation of his own intelligence and ability, and cannot understand and accept honest and in-depth suggestions, so he is a failure. 7. In winter, on the 12th day of the 10th month, next to the star Liang Xing in the sky, the star Boi appears. 8. Therefore, Li Shu, the governor of Lujiang County appointed by Sun Ce, the rebellious general, beheaded Yan Xiang, the governor of Yangzhou (central Anhui Province and Jiangnan area) appointed by the Central Committee.The leaders of the Bianmin in Lujiang County, Mei Gan, Lei Xu, Chen Lan, etc., each had a huge tribe of tens of thousands of people, scattered between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River.Cao Cao recommended and appointed (represented) Liu Fu from Peiguo (capital Xiangxian County) as governor of Yangzhou.At this time, only Jiujiang County (Shouxian County, Anhui Province) remained in the area controlled by the Yangzhou State Government. Liu Fu went to Hefei (Hefei City, Anhui Province), which had become an empty city, to set up a state government and recruit Meigan. , Lei Xu, etc., paid tribute to the central government endlessly.In the past few years, the enlightenment of kindness has been widely promoted, and the number of refugees who have been exiled to other counties and counties has returned is calculated in tens of thousands.As a result, land reclamation was carried out and embankments and dams were built, and the officials and the people had savings.So they recruited students and built schools; they also strengthened the city defense project, stored wood and stones, and actively prepared to resist foreign attacks. 9. When Cao Cao heard about Sun Ce's death and planned to take advantage of the great funeral, the morale of the army was shaken and he launched a large-scale crusade.Zhang Hong, the law enforcement supervisor (servant censor), dissuaded him and said: "Using other people's funerals is not an ancient morality. If you can't conquer it, you will turn your friend into an enemy instead. It is better to treat him more generously." Cao Cao recommended and appointed (represented) Sun Quan He was the general of the captives and the governor of Kuaiji County (Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province). Cao Cao planned to teach Zhang Hong to assist Sun Quan, and took the opportunity to persuade Sun Quan to join the central government, so he appointed Zhang Hong as the commander of the eastern militia in Kuaiji County (the eastern captain).When Zhang Hong arrived in Wu County (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, where Wujun County Government is located. Sun Quan’s base camp is also located here), Sun Quan’s mother, Mrs. Wu Tai, believed that Sun Quan was too young, so she wholeheartedly appointed Zhang Hong and Zhang Zhao to serve as counselors at the same time.Zhang Hong put his heart and soul into it, he knew everything and said everything. Sun Quan's wife, Mrs. Wu Tai, asked the commander of Yangwu (Yangwu Duwei) Dong Xi from Kuaiji County, "Can Jiangdong protect itself?" , stay among the people. Sun Quan inherits the already solid foundation, everyone, old and young, loves him. Zhang Zhao presides over politics; I, Dong Xi and other military officers, act as minions; the location is favorable and the people are safe, so there is no need to worry.” Sun Quan ordered Zhang Hong to go to Kuaiji County to take office. Some people think that Zhang Hong is an official appointed by the central government. I am afraid that his wish is more than that; , stayed in Xu County, the capital, and was sent away this time). Lu Su will return to his hometown with his family (Lu Su is from Dongcheng County, escaped from Yuan Shu, lived in Qu'a, refer to 198), Zhou Yu stopped him, and then recommended to Sun Quan, saying: "Lu Su's talent is overwhelming in the world, you More people like this should be recruited to complete their careers." Sun Quan received Lu Su, and after talking with him, he was very excited.When all the guests had left, Lu Su was specially left behind, sitting on the couch together, drinking and exchanging opinions. Sun Quan said: "Nowadays, the Han Dynasty (Eastern Han Dynasty) is in critical condition. I envy Jiang Xiaobai (Qi State in the Spring and Autumn Period) How can you help me with the achievements of the sixteenth monarch Huan Gong) and Ji Chonger (the twenty-fourth monarch Wengong of the Jin Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn Period)?" Lu Su said: "Once upon a time, Gaozu (the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty Liu Bang) planned to honor Emperor Yi Mi Xin couldn’t do what she wanted because Xiang Yu was in the way. Today’s Cao Cao is Xiang Yu back then. How can the general follow Jiang Xiaobai and Ji Chong’er? I privately deduce that the Han Dynasty cannot be revived, and Cao Cao cannot be ruled out. For the general, There is only one way, that is to keep Jiangdong, and sit back and watch the world change. It is best to use the opportunity of the central government to use troops in the north and have no time to look south, to eliminate Huang Zu, the governor of Jiangxia County, to attack Liu Biao, the governor of Jingzhou, and put the Yangtze River Basin under control Under the circumstances, this is the situation of the king." Sun Quan said: "What I hope is to contribute the strength of our region and support the central government. Your words go too far!" Zhang Zhao criticized Lu Su for being too young and careless.But Sun Quan respected Lu Su more, rewarded him with inexhaustible property, and built a house for him to store, so that Lu Su's wealth could be restored to the old view (Lu Su's family was originally a rich man, and when Zhou Yu was poor, he gave a large amount of food). 孙权调查有些兵力既小，战斗力又弱的低级将领，把他们的部队整编合并。地方团队军政官（别部司马）汝南郡人吕蒙，军容整齐，训练有素，孙权大为欣赏，使他扩充编制，至为宠爱信任。 人事官（功曹）骆统，建议孙权尊敬贤能，接纳有知名度的人士，检讨过失；宴会的时候，个别召见，询问生活起居，表达深切关心；鼓励发言，观察他们的能力和愿望；孙权全部接受。骆统，是骆俊的儿子（骆俊，陈国宰相，参考一九七年）。 庐陵郡郡长孙辅（孙权堂兄），恐怕孙权没有能力保守江东，派密使送信给曹操，要求大军南下接收。密使报告孙权，孙权逮捕孙辅左右亲信，全部诛杀；把孙辅的部队分拨给其他将领，押送孙辅到东部（应指吴郡之东）软禁。 曹操推荐并任命（表）前豫章郡郡长华歆，当参议官（议郎），兼最高监察署军事参议官（参司空军事）。 孙策任命的庐江郡郡长李术，不肯服从孙权，更收容孙权部下的叛徒。孙权用正式公文，报告曹操：“扬州州长（刺史）严象，是中央任命，而被李术击斩，毫无忌惮，理应迅速扑灭。我现在采取军事行动，预料李术必然花言巧语，请求中央援救。明公（曹操）身居'阿衡'（天子保姆）重任，天下观瞻所系，务请你告诫部下，不要接纳李术。”遂出动军队，攻击皖县（安徽省潜山县）；李术果向曹操求救，曹操不理。孙权军遂攻陷皖县，屠城，砍下李术人头。李术部属二万余人，全部南迁。 10、荆州全权州长（牧）刘表，攻击长沙郡（湖南省长沙市）郡长张羡（张羡联合零陵、桂阳二郡，归附曹操事，参考一九八年），经年不能攻克。曹操正跟袁绍对抗，不能分兵相救。张羡因病逝世，部众拥立他的儿子张怿。刘表加强攻势，张怿跟零陵郡（湖南省永州市）、桂阳郡（湖南省郴州市）两郡，全被击破。于是刘表拥有土地数千里，武装部队十余万，渐渐自命不凡，对中央政府改变态度，不再继续进贡。而且自己在郊外祭祀天地，所居住的地方、所穿的衣服，都跟皇帝一样。 11、益州（四川省及云南省）全权州长（牧）刘璋，愚昧无能，督义军政官（督义司马）张鲁，逐渐不受控制，袭击地方团队军政官（别部司马）张脩；杀掉张脩后，吞并他的部众（张鲁跟张脩合作击斩汉中郡郡长苏固事，参考一九一年）。刘璋大怒，诛杀张鲁的娘亲跟老弟。张鲁遂占领汉中郡（陕西省汉中市），跟刘璋对抗。刘璋派警卫指挥官（中郎将）庞羲讨伐，不能取胜。于是任命庞羲当巴郡（此时巴郡郡政府设安汉）郡长，驻军阆中（四川省阆中市），防御张鲁。庞羲招募汉昌（四川省巴中市）賨人部落民众当兵（賨，音cong。四川省东北部地区少数民族名称）。有人向刘璋诬陷庞羲图谋不轨，刘璋对庞羲顿然起疑。征东警卫指挥官（征东中郎将）赵韪，平时常向刘璋提出建议，刘璋不理，赵韪也怀恨在心（赵韪原任皇家仓库管理官，弃官随刘焉到益州，参考一八八年。后又坚持拥立刘璋，参考一九四年）。 最初，南阳郡（河南省南阳市）、三辅（关中地区·陕西省中部）难民，逃亡到益州（四川省及云南省）的，有数万家，刘璋的老爹刘焉，全部收容当兵，称“东州兵团”。刘璋性情宽大柔和，没有威信，东州兵团士卒欺负虐待益州原来居民，刘璋无法禁止。而赵韪身为高官，深得人心，利用人民对刘璋的怨恨，聚众起兵，率军数万人，攻击刘璋。用厚礼结交荆州（湖北省及湖南省）全权州长（牧）刘表，缔结同盟。蜀郡（四川省成都市）、广汉郡（四川省广汉市）、犍为郡（四川省彭山县），纷纷响应。 1、春季，三月一日，日食。 2、东汉王朝（首府许县）最高监察长（司空）曹操，把大军移往农产品丰收的安民（山东省梁山县东北），解决军食。认为冀州（河北省中部南部）全权州长（牧）袁绍（时在邺城）刚被击败，打算利用这个间隙，攻击荆州全权州长（牧。州政府设襄阳）刘表。宫廷秘书长（尚书令）荀彧说：“袁绍刚刚吃了败仗，军心不稳，人心涣散，应该乘他们困苦之际，一扫而平。如果南征遥远的长江、汉水，万一袁绍收拾残余的灰烬，乘我们后防空虚，一举而入，大势将一去不返。”曹操遂停止。 夏季，四月，曹操沿着黄河，展示军威，击破驻防仓亭（山东省阳谷县北古黄河渡口）的袁绍部队。 秋季，九月，曹操返首都许县（河南省许昌市东）。 3、曹操亲自攻击活动于汝南郡（河南省平舆县西北射桥乡）的左将军刘备，刘备不能抵抗，投奔荆州全权州长（牧）刘表（时荆州州政府设襄阳）。变民首领龚都（参考去年七月）等部众溃散。 刘表听说刘备将到，亲自到襄阳（荆州州政府所在县）城外迎接，尊为贵宾，增加他的武力，命他驻屯新野（河南省新野县）。 之后，刘备在荆州数年之久。有一次，刘表宾客云集时，刘备起身去洗手间，忍不住流泪满面。刘表感到奇怪，问他什么事。刘备说：“过去，我从不离开马鞍，髀肉（大腿赘肉）全消。而今不再骑马，髀肉复生。日月如同流水，将到老年，而功业毫无建树，不觉悲怆！” 4、曹操派大将夏侯渊、张辽，包围活动于东海郡（山东省郯城县）的昌豨（昌豨背叛曹操，归附吕布事，参考一九八年九月；之后拒不投降中央政府，继续战斗，参考前年），历时数月，粮秣将尽，商议撤退。张辽对夏侯渊说：“这几天，我每次巡查阵地，昌豨总是向我注视，而对我发射的箭越来越少。这是一种征兆，显示他对继续抵抗和屈服投降的抉择，正犹豫不定，所以反应疲弱。我打算跟他接近交谈，或许可以说服。”于是派人告诉昌豨说：“曹公（曹操）有命令，教我向你转告。”昌豨果然出营跟张辽见面。张辽宣扬曹操英明神武，正用恩德怀柔四方，最先归附的，将受巨大赏赐；昌豨允许投降。张辽遂单身匹马，深入三公山（郯城县东北），到昌豨家，拜见昌豨妻子。昌豨大喜，随同张辽晋见曹操，曹操命昌豨返回原地。 5、赵韪包围益州全权州长（牧）刘璋所在的成都（益州州政府所在县·四川省成都市），东州兵团恐怕受到诛杀（参考二〇〇年），作殊死战，赵韪军败，撤退。东州兵团追到江州（重庆市），斩赵韪。 *Hu Sanxing said: 赵韪追随刘焉，同到蜀境（四川省），不过贪图富贵，而竟因贪图富贵，丧失生命，证明行险侥幸，不如安坐家中，等候时机。 Bo Yang said: 赵韪背叛刘璋，就史书上显示的资料，看不出他是贪图富贵，而只看出他是为了反抗东州兵团的暴行。赵韪之所以能深得人心，当然是他向小民认同。当他目睹小民的房屋被烧、妇女被奸、生命被杀，屡屡要求刘璋制止，刘璋却一推二拖三和稀泥时，试问，赵韪应怎么办？难道把所有跪在他面前诉冤的小民，逐出大门，从此不闻不问，以求“明哲保身”，这样做当然受到传统知识分子的赞扬。或是兴起正义之怒，抛弃既得利益，率领被迫害的人民抗暴，这样做的结果是：成则王侯败则贼。成功了，大家掌声雷动，高叫：“这是天命。”失败了，大家讥讽他贪图富贵。 赵韪选择了正义之怒，而又不幸失败。受到诬蔑，在意料之中。中华人什么时候不再用邪恶的成见去解释别人，中华人才有资格成为一个高贵的民族。 庞羲在得到赵韪被杀的消息后，大为恐惧，派属官程祁，通知他老爹、汉昌（四川省巴中县）县长程畿，征调賨人部队。程畿说：“郡政府训练民兵，目的不是要背叛作乱。纵然有人打小报告，挑拨陷害，也只能诚心诚意，尽我们的忠贞；如果因此就索性决裂，我不敢接受。”程祁回来报告后，庞羲再派程祁前往，希望说服程畿。程畿说：“我受州长（刘璋）的大恩，当向州长尽忠。你（程祁）是郡长的部属，当向郡长尽忠。不合大义的行为，宁可死，也不去做。” 庞羲暴跳如雷，派人告诉程畿说：“你如果不听郡长的命令，将给你全家带来灾祸。”程畿说：“乐羊吃下他儿子的肉（参考前四〇三年），并不是没有父子之情，只是为了大义。今天，即令把我儿子程祁煮成肉汤，拿给我喝，我也会下咽。”庞羲无法加强兵力，遂深自引咎，向刘璋道歉。刘璋擢升程畿当江阳郡（四川省泸州市）郡长。 中央政府听到益州内乱消息，立即任命高级皇家警卫指挥官（五官中郎将）牛亶，当益州州长（刺史），征召刘璋返回京师（首都许县）当部长（卿），刘璋拒绝。 盘据汉中郡（陕西省汉中市）的督义军政官（督义司马）张鲁，用鬼神教化人民，害病的人都要坦白承认自己的过失，然后由张鲁向上天代他们祈祷。事实上，这对病人无益，但愚妇愚夫，却深信不疑，把张鲁当神灵一样供奉。对犯法的人，原谅三次，仍不能改时，才用刑罚惩处。不设立官员，头目一律称“祭酒”（初级官员称“鬼卒”，升一级称“祭酒”，祭酒”是部队长，再升一级称“活头大祭酒”，即司令官、指挥官、县长官位）。当地百姓和夷人对这项简单的制度，大为欢迎。外地流亡到他辖区的难民，不敢不信奉遵行。后来，张鲁遂夺取巴郡（四川省南充市）。中央政府不能控制，只好安抚，遂任命张鲁当镇民警卫指挥官（镇民中郎将），兼汉宁郡（陕西省汉中市）郡长。张鲁对中央政府，也不过仅只进贡一点土产，表示臣服。 民间有人在地下掘出一块玉印，呈献给张鲁，部属们打算借这个机会，尊称张鲁“汉宁王”。郡政府人事官（功曹）巴西郡（四川省阆中市）人阎圃劝阻说：“汉水区域居民，有十万余户，财产丰富，土地肥沃，四周险要，可以固守。对上辅佐皇帝，可以完成姜小白（桓）、姬重耳（文）的尊王功业。次一等的，也可以效法窦融，永远保持富贵（东汉王朝统一全国之前，窦融控制河西，但一直对东汉政府作形式上的臣服）。而今事事都代表天子发言（承制），形势上已是独立局面，用不着非公开当'王'不可。盼望你不要贪图这个称号，以免灾祸逼面。”张鲁接受。 1、春季，正月，东汉王朝（首都许县）最高监察长（司空）曹操，率军驻扎故乡谯县（豫州州政府所在县·安徽省亳州市），因而前进到浚仪（河南省开封市），挖凿睢阳渠（灌溉水道，流经河南省商丘县南），派使节用太牢（猪牛羊各一）祭祀桥玄（桥玄对曹操有知遇之恩，曹操年轻时，不务正业，身为全国武装部队总司令的桥玄，独对曹操期许甚高，而今曹操回报。参考一八四年五月）；遂再前进到官渡（河南省中牟县东北）。 2、全国最高统帅（大将军）、冀州（河北省中部南部）全权州长（牧）袁绍自大军溃败，羞惭悲愤，卧病在床，吐血不止。 夏季，五月，袁绍逝世。 Bo Yang said: 袁绍是一个颟顸的“公子哥儿”型人物，靠着封建世家和血缘关系，他可能成为一个成功的小政客，也可能当一个成功的太平宰相，但在大混乱时代，他就成了脓包。试看最初他向何进贡献的阴谋诡计——坚持秘密召集驻屯河东郡（山西省夏县）将领董卓，以叛军姿态，向京师进军，用以胁迫何太后诛杀宦官（参考一八九年七月），那是天下最愚蠢的阴谋诡计，证明他的智商太低。更糟的是，他放弃迎奉皇帝的机会，等到发现皇帝的妙用，竟想靠三寸不烂之舌，劝说曹操放手（参考一九五年十二月、一九八年四月），岂不异想天开？到了最后，简直跟自己有仇，把凡是可以拯救他危亡，促使他获胜的建议，全部拒绝，他没有能力分辨是非智愚。于是，只好被一群智商跟他相等的一些天下最愚蠢的智囊谋士，牵着鼻子，走向死亡。 拒绝采纳别人意见的人，一定失败，而采纳错误意见的人，结果相同，比较之下，曹操的英雄形象，跃然纸上。 3、袁绍有三个儿子：袁谭、袁熙、袁尚。最初，袁绍继妻刘女士，喜爱幼子袁尚，在袁绍面前不断赞扬。袁绍想命袁尚当他的继承人，但并没有公开宣布，而只先行布置，命袁谭继承袁绍老哥的香火（袁绍本是袁逢的庶子，袁逢的老哥袁成也生了一个儿子，不幸早亡，袁绍遂继承袁成的香火。现在袁绍把长子袁谭过继给那位亡兄，袁谭便丧失袁绍长子身份。依照宗法制度，袁绍成了袁谭的叔父，袁谭成了袁绍的侄儿，不能继承袁绍的爵位，为幼子袁尚排除一项最大障碍），任命袁谭当青州（山东省北部）州长（刺史）。沮授反对，说：“一万人追逐野兔，等到有一个人捉住，其他人都停止行动，为什么？为的是所有权已经确定。袁谭明明是长子，应当作你的继承人，却把他逐出中枢，恐怕灾难从此开始。”袁绍说：“我打算教儿子们各自主持一州，考察他们的能力。”命次子袁熙当幽州（河北省北部）州长，外甥高幹当并州（山西省中部）州长（以上皆是上世纪九〇年代初发生的事情）。 在袁家班的智囊中，袁谭最恨逢纪、审配；而辛评、郭图，则拥护袁谭；跟逢纪、审配，互相仇视。等到袁绍逝世，大家认为袁谭是长子，打算拥戴他继承老爹的位置，审配等恐怕袁谭一旦掌权，会受到辛评的谋害，遂假传袁绍的遗命，由袁尚继承。 袁谭奔丧而至（袁谭的基地，一直在平原），已来迟了一步，于是，自称车骑将军（老爹袁绍当年初起兵时，也自称车骑将军，参考一九〇年正月），驻军黎阳（河南省浚县），宣称南下攻击曹操，要求增加军队。袁尚（时在邺城）自不愿老哥兵力强大，只拨付一小部分部队，却派逢纪随这小部分部队，一同前往。袁谭要求更多的兵力，审配等商议拒绝。袁谭大怒，斩逢纪（袁绍门下的智囊群，除田丰、沮授外，其他的不过一些只有小聪明的普通知识分子，内斗有余，外斗不足。而逢纪随军而往，更高估了自己的应变能力）。 秋季，九月，曹操大军渡黄河北上，攻击袁谭，袁谭向袁尚告急，袁尚命审配留守邺城，亲自率军援助袁谭，跟曹操对抗。一连串会战后，袁谭、袁尚兵败，退守自己阵地。 4、袁尚任命的河东郡郡长郭援，跟并州州长高幹（时在晋阳）、南匈奴汗国（王庭设平阳）单于（四十二任）栾鞮呼厨泉，联合进攻河东郡，派出使节，跟关中（陕西省中部）若干将领，包括安狄将军马腾（参考一九四年）等在内，联合结盟，马腾等都秘密承诺。郭援一路势如破竹，中央政府任命的河东郡郡政府官员贾逵，坚守绛县（山西省侯马市东），郭援猛烈围攻，绛县陷落在即，城内仕绅父老向郭援请求，只要不杀贾逵，他们愿意投降；郭援允许。但在入城后，郭援命贾逵当他的将领，用武力威胁，要贾逵答应，贾逵拒不接受，左右拉贾逵的衣服，使他向郭援叩头，贾逵呵责说：“哪有国家官员，向盗贼叩头之理？”郭援大怒，喝令斩首，有人伏到贾逵身上，救他不死。绛县官民人等听到消息，都登上墙堡，呐喊说：“怎么能自食其言，杀我们贤明的首长，要死，大家一齐死。”郭援遂把贾逵押送到壶关（山西省长治市北），囚禁地窖，用一个车轮盖住洞口。贾逵对看守的士兵悲愤说：“难道没有英雄豪杰？竟使义士死在这里？”有一位名祝公道的壮士，正好听见这句话，在夜色掩护下，秘密救出贾逵，打开刑具，放他逃走；但始终不肯告诉贾逵他的姓名（既不肯告诉他的姓名，而史书又载出姓名，大概是当时不言，稍后贾逵报恩，始查出是谁）。 曹操命京畿总卫戍司令（司隶校尉）钟繇（时应在弘农郡），包围南匈奴单于（四十二任）栾鞮呼厨泉王庭所在的平阳，还没有攻克，而安狄将军马腾的援军抵达。钟繇陷于腹背受敌的险境，遂命新丰（陕西省临潼县东北零口乡）县长、左冯翊郡（陕西省大荔县）人张既，前往游说马腾，分析利害。马腾犹豫，不能立即决定。将领傅幹警告说：“古人有言：'走坦荡大道的兴旺，走背德小路的灭亡。'曹操尊奉天子，铲除暴乱，法令有条不紊，行政有高度效率，上下团结一心，应该是坦荡大道。袁姓家族仗恃他们的强大，背叛皇家，联络匈奴，侵略中国，应该是背德小路。而今，将军既