Chapter 24 8. The collapse of the Eastern Han Dynasty

The government is an organism, and the Eastern Han Dynasty has gone from prosperity to decline in the past hundred years of this century.The decadent model, without exception, is: first, the central government starts to rot.The relatives of the emperor fought for power, and the eunuchs took advantage of the situation to seize power. The first era of eunuchs in China came, which aroused widespread civil uprisings.The eunuchs clashed with the civil service again, Dong Zhuo, one of the warlords, launched an unprecedented massacre, the country fell into chaos again, and the people suffered another misfortune.At the end of this century, Cao Cao, one of the heroes, saved the Eastern Han government, but could not restore the Eastern Han government to its original state.

1. In the spring and the first month, all states and counties in the Kanto (east of Hangu Pass) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital Luoyang) raised troops to attack Dong Zhuo one after another, and jointly elected Yuan Shao, the governor of Bohai County (Nanpi County, Hebei Province), as the leader.Yuan Shao claimed to be General Cheqi, and other generals were conferred official positions by General Cheqi in the name of the central government (the term is called "ban grant", which is a kind of official appointment without edict. At that time, Dong Zhuo held the emperor hostage, and Yuan Shao and others could not obtain an official edict).Yishao and Hanoi County (Wuzhi County, Henan Province) County Magistrate Wang Kuang, stationed in Hanoi County (Wuzhi County, Henan Province); Jizhou (South Central Hebei Province) Plenipotentiary Governor (Shepherd) Han Fu, stayed in Yecheng (that is, Ye County , the county where the Wei County government is located · Southwest Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei Province), responsible for logistics and food supply; Yuzhou (Henan Province) Governor (Ci Shi) Kong Ni, stationed in Yingchuan County (Yuzhou City, Henan Province); Yanzhou (Western Shandong Province ) Governor Liu Dai, Governor of Chenliu County (Chenliu Town in the southeast of Kaifeng City, Henan Province) Zhang Miao, Zhang Miao’s younger brother Zhang Chao, Governor of Guangling County (Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province), and Qiao Mao, Governor of Dongjun County (southwest of Puyang City, Henan Province) , Shanyang County (Changyi Town, Northwest Jinxiang County, Shandong Province), Yuan Yi, the county magistrate, Bao Xin, the prime minister of Jibei Kingdom (Lu County, the capital), and Cao Cao, the commander of Xiaoqi, all stationed in Suanzao (Yanjin County, Henan Province); The later general Yuan Shu was stationed in Luyang (Lushan County, Henan Province); there were tens of thousands of people in various places, and the heroes of the world all returned to Yuan Shao.Only Bao Xin told Cao Cao: "Not everyone has resourcefulness. It is you who can eradicate disasters and restore order! If your talents and status are not commensurate, even though you are strong, you will surely die in the end! Could it be that God sent them down to open the way for you?" ?”

2. On the tenth day of the first lunar month, forgive the world. 3. On the day of Guiyou in the first month (the first month is called Renyin Shuo, there is no Guiyou), Xiangguo Dong Zhuo ordered the commander of the royal palace guard (Lang Zhong Ling. At this time, the central government does not have a "Lang Zhong Ling", so he should be a subordinate official of the feudal state) Li Ru, Liu Bian (15 years old this year) was poisoned to death with dove wine to death the former emperor (thirteen young emperors), King Hongnong (Hongnong, the capital). 4. Dong Zhuo is preparing to recruit troops from all states and counties across the country to crusade against Shandong (east of Xiaoshan).Palace secretary (Shang Shu) Zheng Tai said: "Political success or failure depends on the amount of kindness, not the amount of force!" That’s not what it means, but just emphasizing that Shandong is not yet qualified to work in the army. Your Excellency was born in Xizhou (the eastern part of Gansu Province), and he has been a general since he was a child. (the capital Luoyang); Zhang Miao is no more than a loyal old man in Dongping State (the capital is Wuyan), sitting there, his eyes dare not look around; People do not have military talent, and they cannot compare with you when they meet on the battlefield. Moreover, their official positions have not been appointed by the emperor, and there is no basis for their superiority and inferiority. As a result, no one will listen to anyone! People will preserve their strength, observe the wind direction to succeed or fail, and will never be of one heart and one mind, advance together and retreat together (although Zheng Tai spoke to Dong Zhuo, the incompetence of the commander of the Shandong coalition army and the weakness of the generals are exactly the same). Moreover, Shandong The days of peace have been too long, and the people are not familiar with war. Guanxi (west of Hangu Pass) has recently been attacked by Qiang tribes. Even women can use bows and arrows and participate in battles. Nothing in the world fears more than Bingzhou (Shanxi Province and the Yellow River) Hetao area), Liangzhou (Gansu Province) militias, and Qiang and Hu volunteer soldiers; but Your Excellency just has these troops as minions. It is like driving tigers and leopards to attack lambs, blowing strong winds to sweep away the dead leaves, Who dares to resist? Under such an absolute advantage, mobilizing the whole country for no reason will shake the world, and will gather some people who evade military service together to cause trouble. Instead of solving it by political means, taking military action will damage your dignity." Dong Zhuo Very happy.

5. However, Dong Zhuo still believed that the Shandong coalition forces were powerful and planned to move the capital from Luoyang to Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) to escape. San Gong and ministerial officials did not dare to express any objection.Dong Zhuo recommended Zhu Jun (sound jun), the mayor of the capital Luoyang (Henan Yin), to be the minister of transportation (the servant) as the deputy prime minister.The envoy summoned Zhu Jun to accept the appointment, but Zhu Jun refused, stating the reasons: "The central government's westward move will definitely disappoint the world and will further increase the anger of the Shandong coalition forces. I don't think it should be done." The envoy said: "You are only called for You were asked to accept the position of Minister of Communications, but you refused the position; you didn’t ask you about the major event of moving the capital, but you answered these questions, why?” Zhu Jun said, “The high position of deputy prime minister is not something I can undertake. It’s not me who moved the capital. What you think is a feasible decision, but it needs to be reviewed urgently. Rejecting an official position that I can't afford, and stating what I see the most urgent hope, is the duty of a subject." Dong Zhuo then no longer selected the vice minister.

Dong Zhuo convened a meeting of high-level officials and announced: "Gaozu (Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) established his capital in Guanzhong (central part of Shaanxi Province), which lasted for eleven generations (the first Liu Bang established the dynasty, and the eleventh Liu Ying lost the dynasty); Guangwu (the first emperor Liu Xiu) established his capital in Luoyang, and there have been eleven generations until now (the first emperor Liu Xiu established a dynasty, which was passed down to the current emperor Liu Xie, and there are only eight generations. The number of "generations" Dong Zhuo refers to may be any However, there were fifteen emperors in the Western Han Dynasty, and Liu Xie, the current emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was the fourteenth emperor, which is also inconsistent. The reason for this confusion is that some short-lived or deposed emperors were all paid for by the political vegetable market. According to the "Shibao Prophecy" (mysterious prophecy), the capital should be moved to Chang'an to meet the wishes of the heaven and the common people." Civil and military officials, Quan Lang dared not speak.Prime Minister (Situ) Yang Biao said: "Relocating the capital and changing the system is a major event in the world. Therefore, when Zi Pangeng (the 20th emperor of the Shang Dynasty) moved the capital to Boyi (south of Cao County, Shandong Province), the people all resented (Zipan Geng moved the capital, according to the "Shangshu · Pan Geng Preface", the original text is: "Pan Geng moved five times, the general ruled the hair, and the people of Yin consulted and complained." In 1766, after the establishment of the Shang Dynasty, the capital was moved six times; The capital was originally in Boyi. In 1557 BC, the capital was moved to Xiaoyi. In 1534 BC, the capital was moved to Xiangyi. In 1525 BC, the capital was moved to Gengyi. In 1517 BC, the capital was moved to Xingyi. In 1401 BC, the capital was moved to Yinyi. In 98 BC, the capital was moved to Chaoge. Zi Pangeng presided over the fifth move—from Xingyi to Yinyi). Wang Mang destroyed (this is a common slander in the political vegetable market, it is not Wang Mang who destroyed Guanzhong, but Liu Xuan's Xuanhan Dynasty and Liu Penzi's red-browed people group), so Emperor Guangwu (the first emperor Liu Xiu) Another capital was established in Luoyang; it has been a long time, and the people are happy. Up to now, for no reason, the royal sacrificial temple and the royal cemetery have been abandoned. The people are shocked and shaken, and changes are bound to occur. "is an evil and evil book, how can it be used as a basis?" Dong Zhuo said: "The land in Guanzhong is fertile, and the Qin Kingdom used it as a base to annex the six countries. Moreover, Longyou (west of Longshan Mountain) produces timber, and Duling (in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) produces timber. In the southeast of the city, there is a pottery kiln left by Emperor Wu (Liu Che, the seventh emperor of the Western Han Dynasty). With full operation, it can be produced immediately. What are the people? How do we consider this factor? If they resist, I will use the army to expel them, and I will be able to drive them away They all rushed to the sea and drowned!" Yang Biao said: "It is a major event in the world, it is easy to start, but it is difficult to clean up the mess, please think again!" Dong Zhuo straightened his face and said: "Are you planning to undermine the national policy?" Commander (Taiwei) Huang Wan said: "This is an important measure. Mr. Yang Biao's words are just for reference!" Dong Zhuo did not answer.Xun Shuang, the Supreme Inspector (Sikong), saw that Dong Zhuo had made up his mind, and he was afraid that he would suddenly be furious and kill Yang Biao and others, so he smoothed things over, saying: "How could Xiangguo (Dong Zhuo) be willing to do this? Just because Shandong raised troops, it is impossible for one day It can be leveled with time, so I plan to move the capital first, and then counterattack. This is the situation between the Qin Kingdom and the Han Dynasty (Western Han Dynasty), taking advantage of the mountains and rivers to control the world." Dong Zhuo's anger subsided a little.After Huang Wan returned to the mansion, he wrote a letter against moving the capital.

On February 5th, Dong Zhuo used the crime of cataclysmic changes to the quasi-emperor (fourteenth emperor) Liu Xie (ten years old this year) to remove Yang Biao and Huang Wan from their official posts.Promote the commander of the imperial guards (Guang Luxun) Zhao Qian to be the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces, the minister of transportation (the servant) Wang Yun, and the prime minister (Situ). Wu Qiong, the commander of the capital's urban defense (the captain of the city gate), and Zhou Yu, the commander of the martial law (the captain of the superintendent), firmly opposed the move of the capital.Dong Zhuo growled and said: "When I first arrived in the capital, you two advised me to promote honest men, and I followed them one by one. But as soon as they took office, they revolted. It was you who betrayed me, Dong Zhuo, not me, Dong Zhuo!" February 10 On the same day, Wu Qiong and Zhou Wu were arrested and executed.Yang Biao and Huang Wan panicked and went to visit Dong Zhuo to apologize.Dong Zhuo also regretted killing Wu Qiong and Zhou Yan.So he recommended Yang Biao and Huang Wan to be special state officials (Doctor Guanglu).

6. Dong Zhuo recruited Gai Xun, the mayor of the western capital Chang’an (Jing Zhaoyin), to be a councilor (Yi Lang). Huangfusong contacted him, hoping to launch an army against Dong Zhuo.Coincidentally, Dong Zhuo enlisted Huangfusong to be the city defense commander of the capital (the city gate captain. The purpose was to deprive Huangfusong of his military power), and Huangfusong's chief of staff (long history) Liang Yan suggested to Huangfusong: "Dong Zhuo's occupation of the capital is a threat to the emperor. It is entirely up to one's own pleasure to depose and support. Now that generals are recruited, it can be accurately seen that the big ones are in danger of life, and the small ones will be embarrassed and humiliated. Taking advantage of this time, Dong Zhuo is far away in Luoyang, and the emperor is about to move west. General Lead the army to meet the king, and then follow the edict to suppress the rebels and call on the generals of the whole country; Yuan Shao will attack in the east, and the generals will attack in the west, and Dong Zhuo will definitely be captured alive." Huangfusong dared not accept it, so he put on his clothes and went on the road. (Hu Sansheng commented: "Before, Huangfu Song couldn't accept the advice of his nephew Huangfu Li, and now he can't accept Liang Yan's advice because he knows that his ability is not enough to subdue Dong Zhuo.") Gai Xun was alone, Unable to make a difference, he had no choice but to return to the capital.Dong Zhuo appointed Gai Xun as the commander of the South Vietnam Corps (Yueqi school lieutenant).

Zhu Jun, the mayor of the capital Luoyang (Henan Yin), stated his military opinions to Dong Zhuo. Dong Zhuo said contemptuously: "I am victorious in all battles, and I have my own strategy in my heart. It is best not to talk nonsense, lest your blood pollute my sword!" Gai Xun said: "In the past, with the sageness of Zi Wuding (the 23rd Emperor Gaozong of the Shang Dynasty), he also asked others to contribute opinions (Hu Sansheng's original note, he thought it was not Ziwuding, but Weihe. According to "Guoyu", When Wei He was ninety-five years old, he ordered the whole country: "Don't think that I am too old to abandon me. I am respectful and preside over the government. If you can hear one or two more words of advice, you must keep them in mind and work hard to implement them." His words were transcribed repeatedly in the history books, and they were mistakenly called Wu Ding). Besides, your Excellency intends to seal the mouth of others?" Dong Zhuo expressed his apology.

7. Dong Zhuo sent a large army to Yangcheng (southeast of Dengfeng County, Henan Province), just as the villagers held a grand worship ceremony in front of the Earth Temple.In an instant, it turned into a bloody slaughterhouse, surrounded by large armies, killing all the men, and then using the dead man's vehicle to carry the dead man's wife and daughter, and hang the dead man's head on the shaft (the shaft, two columns placed on the axle Wooden sticks for mules and horses to drive), shouted and sang triumphant songs, and returned to Luoyang, claiming: "Slay the rebels and win a big victory!" Dong Zhuo ordered the heads to be burned, and the rebellious women were rewarded as officers and soldiers. concubine or maidservant.

8. On February 17, the capital was officially moved, and Emperor Liu Xie went west. Dong Zhuo gathered all the wealthy people in Luoyang together, put them on one charge, killed them all, confiscated their property, and executed countless people; then expelled the people of Luoyang City, totaling millions, to Chang'an (from Luoyang to Chang'an) , the air distance is 350 kilometers, and you have to pass through Xiaoshan and Huashan, and the road is dangerous).Dong Zhuo ordered the cavalry to press on. The people crowded and trampled each other, and even plundered each other when they were hungry, and the road was full of corpses.

Dong Zhuo stayed behind in Luoyang Bigui Garden (one of the imperial gardens, outside Xuanping Gate in Luoyang), and set fire to the palace, temples, government buildings, and private houses.Luoyang, the luxurious capital, became a piece of scorched earth; within 200 miles around, all the houses were destroyed, and no chickens or dogs were left behind.Dong Zhuo also ordered Lu Bu to excavate the tombs of the emperors of the Eastern Han Dynasty, as well as the three princes, ministers, and all senior officials (mostly at the north and south foothills of Mang Mountain) to steal treasures (such as "golden jade clothes").Dong Zhuo captured the soldiers of the Shandong army, wrapped them with more than ten pieces of cloth smeared with lard, and burned them alive from the soles of their feet first. 9. On March 5, Emperor Liu Xie arrived in Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) and temporarily stayed at the Chang'an Municipal Government (Jingzhao Mansion, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty).Later, Weiyang Palace was slightly renovated before moving in.At this time, Dong Zhuo had not yet arrived, and Prime Minister Wang Yun presided over all major and minor government affairs.Wang Yun coordinated internal and external affairs, protected the emperor, and had the bearing of a national leader. From Liu Xie to civil and military officials, they all relied on Wang Yun.Wang Yun bowed down to serve Dong Zhuo, and Dong Zhuo also trusted Wang Yun very much. 10. Because of Yuan Shao's rebellion in Shandong, Dong Zhuo beheaded the royal master (Teacher) Yuan Kai (Yuan Shao's uncle), Yuan Ji (Yuan Shao's cousin) and Minister of Communications Yuan Ji (Yuan Shao's cousin) on March 18th, even the baby in his arms , A total of more than 50 people, old and young, were killed in the Yuan family. 11. Initially, Wang Rui, governor of Jingzhou (Hubei Province and Hunan Province) (the state government is located in Hanshou) and Sun Jian, governor of Changsha County (Changsha City, Hunan Province), jointly attacked Lingling County (Yongzhou City, Hunan Province) and Guiyang County (Chenzhou City, Hunan Province) The second county became a citizen.Wang Rui thought that Sun Jian was just a warrior, and he showed contempt in his words.When the states and counties raised troops to attack Dong Zhuo, Wang Rui and Sun Jian responded respectively.Wang Rui and Cao Yin, the governor of Wuling County (Changde City, Hunan Province), looked down on each other, and Wang Rui threatened to kill Cao Yin first.Cao Yin was afraid, so he acted first, forged an official document from the central inspector (according to the executor), announcing Wang Rui's guilt, and ordered Sun Jian to arrest Wang Rui, kill him on the spot, and report the case. Sun Jian received the order and led his army to attack Wang Rui.When Wang Rui heard the news, he went up to the city tower to have a look, and sent someone to ask why. The vanguard officer of Sun Jian's army replied: "The soldiers have been fighting for a long time, and they plan to meet the governor (Wang Rui) and ask for food and clothing!" When Wang Rui met them in the city, When he found Sun Jian, he was surprised and said, "The soldiers asked for a reward. What is Junjun Sun doing in there?" Sun Jian said, "I received an order from the imperial envoy to kill you." Wang Rui said, "What crime have I committed?" Sun Jian said, "You committed a crime?" It is a crime of ignorance." Wang Rui had nothing to do, scraped the gold chips into the wine, drank it and died. (Tao Hongjing's original note: "Raw gold is poisonous. If swallowed without smelting, it will cause death.") Sun Jian continued to advance and arrived in Nanyang County (Nanyang City, Henan Province), where the number of troops had swelled to tens of thousands.Zhang Zi, the governor of Nanyang County, refused to supply food and fodder. Sun Jian lured him to meet him and killed him on the spot.The whole county was terrified, so they got whatever they wanted.Continue to advance, arrive at Luyang (Lushan County, Henan Province), and join up with the later general Yuan Shu, who then takes Nanyang County from Sun Jian. Yuan Shu recommended to the Central Committee and appointed (Biao) Sun Jian as the agent of General Polu and governor of Yuzhou (Henan Province). Under the control of Dong Zhuo, the central government will not approve any recommendation of the traitors, but the traitors must use this to indicate that their official positions have been submitted to the central government for approval. So the "reporter" is also the direct appointment of the recommender). Liu Xie issued an edict (Dong Zhuo's edict): Appoint Liu Biao, Chief of Staff of the Field Army (Middle Marquis of the Northern Army), as governor of Jingzhou.At that time, thieves were everywhere and the road was blocked.Liu Biao entered Yicheng (Yicheng County, Hubei Province) alone, and asked Kuailiang and Kuaiyue, well-known figures in Nanjun (Jiangling County, Hubei Province) (Yicheng County belongs to Nanjun) for advice, saying: "South of the Yangtze River, the ancestors The party has turned into a civilian group, with powerful forces, each with its own leader, and resisting the government; if Yuan Shu attacks again, catastrophe will be inevitable. I plan to recruit soldiers, but I am afraid that they will not be recruited. What can you do?" Kuai Liang said: " The reason why the people don’t submit is because the officials don’t have enough love; if they submit but can’t be stable, it’s because the officials don’t have enough righteous deeds. If loving and righteous deeds are carried out at the same time, the people’s surrender will be like water flowing downhill. Why worry about not being able to recruit soldiers? Kuai Yue said: "Yuan Shu is proud but simple-minded. The leaders of the sectarian party and the people are more half-greedy and brutal, and his subordinates are not convinced. If you give them a small profit, they will definitely surrender in large numbers. Then, Your Excellency will kill the culprit. Include disabled people. Within a state, everyone lives and works in peace and contentment. At that time, because of your majesty and kindness, they will definitely support the old and the young and come to surrender. Once the armed forces are established, the south will be Jiangling (the county where the Nanjun County Government is located. Jiangling County, Hubei Province) as the base; the north sticks to Xiangyang (Xiangfan City, Hubei Province), and there are eight counties in Jingzhou (Nanyang County, Nan County, Jiangxia County, Lingling County, Guiyang County, Wuling County, Changsha County, and Zhangling County. Among them, Nanyang County has been controlled by Yuan Shu), and all of them can be controlled with a single statement. Even if Yuan Shu goes south, there is nothing he can do." Liu Biao said: "It's the extreme." Then he sent Kuai Yue to lure the clan party to become the leader of the people's group, and five of them surrendered Liu Biao killed fifteen of them and annexed their followers.Move the state government to Xiangyang (the Jingzhou state government was originally established in Hanshou); suppress the rebellion, appease the rebels, and calm down the area south of the Yangtze River (the four counties in Jingzhou south of the Yangtze River are: Changsha County, Wuling County, and Lingling County , Guiyang County). 12. Dong Zhuo was sitting in Luoyang, the leader of the Shandong coalition army, the chariot general Yuan Shao, etc., and the generals of the various armies, fearing the strength of Dong Zhuo's Liangzhou army, no one dared to attack first.Cao Cao said: "We have mobilized righteous soldiers to kill the thugs. The army has assembled. Do you have any hesitation? If Dong Zhuo uses the royal authority to stick to Luoyang, the capital, and march eastward, even though he is tyrannical and innocent, it will be enough to cause great harm to us." Now, burning the imperial palace and kidnapping the Son of Heaven, the whole world is shaking, and I don’t know who belongs to it! The time has come for Heaven to destroy Dong Zhuo, and the world will be pacified with one battle.” So he led his army to the west alone, preparing to capture Chenggao ( Sishui Town, northwest of Xingyang County, Henan Province).Zhang Miao, Shao Chang of Chenliu Commandery (Chenliu Town, southeast of Kaifeng City, Henan Province), sent his general Wei Zi to lead a part of the army to advance together. Cao Cao arrived in Bianshui, Xingyang, and had an encounter with Xu Rong, a general of Dong Zhuo's Liangzhou Army and a native of Xuantu County (Shenyang City, Liaoning Province). Cao Cao was defeated and was shot by a stray arrow, and his horse fell down.Cousin Cao Hong gave Cao Cao his mount, but Cao Cao refused.Cao Hong said: "The world can do without Cao Hong, but it cannot do without Cao Cao." Cao Cao got on his horse, Cao Hong walked to protect him, and escaped by night.Xu Rong found that Cao Cao had fought for a whole day with such a small force, but Suanzao (Yanjin County, Henan Province), where the base camp of the Shandong coalition army was located, was not easy to capture in one go, and he also retreated. When Cao Cao returned to Suanzao, more than 100,000 troops from various ministries had assembled, but they feasted and drank every day, the parties were noisy, and no one was seeking to make progress.Cao Cao blamed everyone and made a suggestion: "If you can adopt my plan, great things will happen. Please Yuan Shao lead the troops of Hanoi County (Wuzhi County, Henan Province) to push Mengjin (East Yellow River Ferry, Mengjin County, Henan Province); , according to Chenggao, control Aocang (granary in Beiao Mountain, Xingyang County, Henan Province), blockade Yuanyuan Pass (northwest of Dengfeng County, Henan Province) and Taigu Pass (southwest of Yanshi County, Henan Province), and grasp the peripheral dangers; then, please Yuan Shu led the troops of Nanyang County, attacked Danshui (Xichuan County, Henan Province), Xixian County (Xixia County, Henan Province), and went straight to Wuguan (southwest of Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province), threatening Sanfu (Guanzhong area, central Shaanxi Province). The whole army built tall and strong castles, defended them tightly, and did not engage in direct conflict with the Liangzhou Army, but only sent guerrilla troops to demonstrate the superiority of the resistance. (Hu Sanxing's original note: Cao Cao's strategy is: completely control Shandong, stand Invincible place, waiting for Dong Zhuo’s internal changes.) We justifiably crusade against rebels, and we can immediately decide the outcome. Now, the coalition forces use justice to call on the world, but hesitate and refuse to move forward, disappointing the world. I am ashamed of everyone .” Zhang Miao and others could not accept this arrangement.Cao Cao then went to Yangzhou (the central part of Anhui Province and the Jiangnan area) to recruit new soldiers with the military and political officer (Sima) Peiguo (the capital of Xiangxian County) Xia Houdun, and gathered more than 1,000 people, and came back to station in Hanoi County. Soon, jujube food and fodder ran out, and all the troops broke up their camps.At the same time, internal fighting broke out again. Liu Dai, the governor of Yanzhou, and Qiao Mao, the governor of Dongjun, hated each other (Dongjun belonged to Yanzhou). Liu Dai killed Qiaomao and appointed Wang Gong as the governor of Dongjun. Jiao He, governor of Qingzhou (northern Shandong Province), also sent troops to attack Dong Zhuo, and headed westward with all his heart. He wanted to join the troops of Suanzao, but the rear was empty.The army has just crossed the Yellow River, and the Yellow Turban Bianmin Group has entered the state.Qingzhou has always been rich and prosperous, and its armed forces are magnificent, but Jiao He runs away every time, never daring to fight.Jiao He is especially fond of divination and believes in ghosts and gods. When talking face to face with him, he is elegant, profound and orderly.However, when observing his achievements in practice, rewards and punishments are confused and messy.The whole state was in depression, and the cities were in ruins.Jiao He died of illness soon, and Yuan Shao ordered Zang Hong, a native of Guangling County (Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province), to be the governor of Qingzhou to comfort the people. 13. In summer, in April, the central government recruited Liu Yu, the plenipotentiary governor (shepherd) of Youzhou (northern Hebei Province and Liaoning Province), as a royal master.However, there was chaos everywhere, roads were cut off, and the imperial edict could not be delivered. At the beginning, there were remote areas (Xianbei, Wuhuan and other tribes) outside the boundaries of Youzhou, and the cost of frontier defense was huge. Every year, Qingzhou and Jizhou often allocated more than 200 million yuan in land taxes to subsidize Youzhou.Now, the roads in various places have been cut off every inch by the war, the transportation has completely stopped, and the state government is poor. Liu Yu, as the governor and high-ranking official, wears rags and straw sandals, and his food is nothing more than a plate of meat; Shanggu County (Huailai County, Hebei Province) opened up a foreign trade market, traded with the Hu people, and developed the salt and iron mines of Yuyang County (Miyun County, Beijing).The people are happy, the harvest is abundant throughout the year, and the grain is only worth 30 yuan per stone.Intellectuals and civilians in Qingzhou and Xuzhou (northern Jiangsu Province) fled to Youzhou one after another, as many as more than one million people, and Liu Yu took them all in and comforted them, allowing them to settle down.The exiles belonged, forgetting that they were in exile. 14. In May, the Supreme Supervisor (Sikong) Xun Shuang passed away. 15. On the day of Xinchou in June (Jisishuo in June, there is no Xinchou), Zhong Fu, a special state official (Doctor Guanglu), was promoted to be the supreme inspector general.Zhong Fu is the father of Zhong Xi. 16. Xiangguo Dong Zhuo sent the Minister of vassal affairs (Da Honglu) Han Rong, the Minister of Court Supply (Shao Fu) Yin Xiu, the commander of the capital Chang'an Garrison District (Zhi Jinwu) Hu Muban (Hu Mu, double surname), engineering director (will be made Da Jiang) Wu Xiu and Wang Yu, the commander of the South Vietnam Corps, went to Kanto (east of Hangu Pass), negotiated with generals from various places, and persuaded Yuan Shao and others to return to the central government.Hu Muban, Wu Xiu, and Wang Yu arrived in Hanoi County. Yuan Shao ordered Wang Kuang, the governor of Hanoi County, to arrest the three and execute them all. (Hu Muban is Wang Kuang's brother-in-law. He wrote to Wang Kuang in prison, stating that he came here under the emperor's order. However, the world is in chaos, and the imperial order is meaningless.) Yinxiu arrived in Luyang (Henan Province) Province Lushan County), was also executed by Yuan Shu.Only Han Rong, because of his high morals and prestige, was saved from death. 17. Xiangguo Dong Zhuo announced the abolition of five baht coins, and another small coin.All the bronze Buddha statues (bronze figures), deer head and dragon body bronze statues (Zhong Quen), sparrow head deer body snake tail bronze statues (Fei Lian), and bronze horses in Luoyang and Chang'an were melted down and used to make money.Since then, the currency has depreciated, prices have soared, and rice has tens of thousands of dollars per stone (compared with only 30 dollars per stone for rice in Youzhou, how many people should starve to death). 18. In winter, Sun Jian, the general who broke the captives, held a banquet with his subordinate officials in the east of Luyang (Lushan County, Henan Province).Dong Zhuo's Liangzhou Legion with tens of thousands of infantry and cavalry suddenly appeared to attack Sun Jian, and the hearts of the people were terrified.Sun Jian was chatting, laughing and toasting, while urgently mobilizing troops to prepare for the battle, he ordered the banquet to continue.It was not until the troops were fully assembled that Sun Jian slowly stood up from his seat, led everyone into the city, and said, "I didn't get up immediately just now, because I was afraid that when the troops were in emergency deployment, they would be trampled by Mercedes-Benz, and everyone would be left outside the city forever." The Liangzhou army saw that Sun Jian's troops were in full formation, and they did not dare to launch an attack, so they retreated immediately. 19. Wang Kuang, the governor of Hanoi County, was stationed in Heyangjin, and the Liangzhou Army attacked and defeated Wang Kuang's army. 20. Cai Yong, the commander of the royal left-wing guard (General Zuo Zhonglang), suggested that all temples named "Zong" under the fourth emperor (Xiaohe Emperor) Liu Zhao of the Eastern Han Dynasty should be revoked (the temple name of the fourth emperor Liu Zhao was "Mu Zong", The temple name of the sixth emperor Liu Hu is "Gongzong", the eighth emperor Liu Bao's temple is named "Jingzong", and the eleventh emperor Liu Zhi is named "Weizong"), in line with the ancient Confucian school classics (the emperor with meritorious service, the temple is called "ancestor" For example, the first emperor Liu Xiu is called "Shizu". For the emperor with moral character, the temple is called "Zong", such as the second emperor Liu Zhuang is called "Xianzong". title).Emperor Liu Xie approved. 21. Xu Rong, the commander of the royal guard, recommended Gongsundu, the former governor of Jizhou, to Dong Zhuo. Dong Zhuo appointed Gongsundu as the governor of Liaodong County (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province). After Gongsundu took office, he enforced the law and killed more than a hundred famous families and wealthy families in the county, which made the whole county tremble.After internal stability, Gongsun Du attacked the Goguryeo Kingdom (the inner city of the capital) to the east and the Wuhuan tribe to the west.Tell trusted officials Liu Yi, Yang Yi, etc.: "The Eastern Han Dynasty is doomed to fall, and we should jointly seek to establish an independent kingdom." So Liaodong County (Liaoning Province) was divided into Liaoxi County and Zhongliao County, each with a county chief (county government) locations are unknown).After crossing the Bohai Strait, he went south to seize the counties of Donglai County (Donghuangchengji, Longkou City, Shandong Province), which belonged to Qingzhou, and established the governor of Yingzhou (the seat of the state government is unknown). Gongsun Du claimed to be the Marquis of Liaodong and the full-power governor of Pingzhou. He built the sacrificial temples of Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (Gaozu) and Liu Xiu, the first emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (Emperor Guangwu). Only kings are qualified to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth), hold a personal demonstration of plowing ceremony (Jitian. This is a program held by emperors to encourage agriculture), ride on a vehicle with copper bells (Luan Road), and when going out, there are guards in front of them The army cleared the way (旄头), followed by the protection of the Habayashi Army. 1. In spring, on the sixth day of the first lunar month, the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) pardoned the world. 2. The generals in the Guandong (east of Hangu Pass) (Kandong is Shandong, and the history books are miscellaneously used, but it is written in passing, and has no special meaning. Same as this, Guanzhong is Sanfu, Longyou is Xizhou, and Hedong That is Shanxi), it is believed that the Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the 14th Xiandi) Liu Xie (11 years old this year), was young and weak, and was under the control of Dong Zhuo, the Prime Minister, far away from Hangu Pass (Xin'an County, Henan Province), Taolin Outside of Sai (from Lingbao County, Henan Province in the east, to Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province in the west), they don't know life or death.And Liu Yu, the plenipotentiary governor (shepherd) of Youzhou (northern Hebei Province), is an elite in the royal family with the surname Liu, and everyone is ready to support him as emperor.Cao Cao objected: "The reason why we raised our troops and responded from far and near is because righteousness is on our side. The emperor is weak and under the control of treacherous officials. He is not like Liu He, the ninth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty. He has no crimes (Liu He, refer to In the first seven or four years). Once it changes, who in the world can accept it? Everyone faces the north (Liu Yu is in the north), and I face the west (Liu Xie is in the west). "Han Fu, the plenipotentiary governor of Jizhou (southern central Hebei Province), Bohai County County Magistrate Yuan Shao (Nanpi County, Hebei Province) wrote to the later general Yuan Shu, saying: "The emperor (Liu Xie) is not the son of the late emperor (Liu Hong), and we plan to execute the young master (Western Han Dynasty) according to Zhou Bo and Guan Ying. The fourth emperor Liu Hong), greeted the precedent of the acting king (the fifth emperor Liu Heng of the Western Han Dynasty) (refer to 180 years ago), and embraced the supreme commander of the national armed forces (Da Sima) Liu Yu as the successor emperor." Yuan Shu had his own ambition to be emperor, and thought that a wise king would block his future, so he refused to agree, claiming that it was for the sake of fairness and justice.Yuan Shao then wrote to Yuan Shu, saying: "The young master in the name of the West is not of royal blood (he insisted that Liu Xie is not Liu Hong's son). The three princes and officials below the ministerial level all flatter and serve Dong Zhuo. How can we trust them? We sent The army guards the dangerous points, and they will be forced to death. Then in the east to support the wise king, the peaceful days can be expected, and there should be no hesitation. Our whole family was killed (refer to March last year), and we should think of how Wu Zixu was a father and brother. Revenge, how can you still submit to him?" Yuan Shu replied with a face of loyalty: "The Holy Master is smart and wise, and has the talent of Ji Song (the second king of the Zhou Dynasty). Dong Zhuo, a thief, took advantage of the country's crisis , using violence to suppress civil and military officials, this is a little bad luck of the Eastern Han Dynasty, but you claim that the current emperor is not of royal blood, isn't it a false accusation? You also said: "The whole family was killed, how can you still submit to him?" This is what Dong Zhuo did, is it the emperor's original intention? With a whole heart, aiming to eliminate Dong Zhuo, I don't know anything else!" Han Fu and Yuan Shao will never stop.Finally, Zhang Qi, the former governor of Lelang County (Pyongyang City, North Korea), and others were sent to Youzhou with a letter of support for Liu Yu as emperor, and presented Liu Yu with the title of emperor.Liu Yu met Zhang Qi and reprimanded him sharply: "The world is torn apart, the emperor is in trouble, I have received great kindness, and I cannot avenge my shame. Everyone guarding the state and county should work together and be loyal to the royal family. How can you pollute me with rebellious behavior!" Resolute decline. Han Fu and others also asked Liu Yu to take up the post of "in charge of court secrets" (leader of the book affairs), and serve as an official on behalf of the emperor.Liu Yu still refused to accept it, and the pressure was tight. Liu Yu threatened to defect to the Southern Huns Khanate (the king's court was originally set up in Meiji, but now Shanyu is exiled to Pingyang), making everyone desperate forever; Yuan Shao and others had to stop. 3. On February 12, the central government promoted Xiangguo Dong Zhuo as Grand Master, above the Marquis and Prince. ("Sangong" has always referred to the prime minister, the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces, and the supreme inspector general, also known as the "three divisions", who are responsible for the actual political responsibility of the country. Although the Palace Secretariat was responsible for the actual political responsibility of the country in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the formal sangong The power has not been completely deprived. In the first 187 years, the Western Han Dynasty established the "Taifu", and the next year, established the "Taishi" and "Taibao", with an annual salary of 10,000 shi, and their status surpassed that of the "Three Dukes". "Shanggong" or "Shangsangong". Among the "Shangsangongs", the Taifu is permanent, but the Taishi and Taibao are not permanent. And the "Taishi" has the highest status, and if he is promoted to a higher level, he will be the emperor, which is exactly the proverb Described: "Under one person, above ten thousand people." Belongs to the "official" class, with honor but no real power. But it also becomes a step for powerful ministers to usurp power. Up through the ranks, to the "Taishi" status, and then One step up is the emperor seat. For "Taifu" it can still be translated as "Royal Master", but for "Taishi" and "Taibao" it is difficult to write, so we have to keep the original name, just like "Xiangguo" still retains the original name Same.) 4. Sun Jian, the general who broke the captives, moved to the east of Liang County (Ruzhou City, Henan Province), and was defeated by Dong Zhuo's Liangzhou Army General Xu Rong.Sun Jian collected the remnants and advanced to Yangren (northwest of Ruzhou City).Dong Zhuo ordered Hu Zhen, the governor of Dongjun (southwest of Puyang City, Henan Province), to lead a mixed infantry and cavalry force of 5,000 people, with Lu Bu as the cavalry commander (riding supervisor), to attack Sun Jian.Hu Zhen and Lü Busu were at odds, Sun Jian faced off, won a complete victory, and beheaded the commander (captain) Hua Xiong. Someone told Yuan Shu: "Sun Jian is brave. If he captures Luoyang (East of Dongbaima Temple, Luoyang City, Henan Province), I am afraid that he will not be able to control him. This will eradicate jackals (Dong Zhuo) and give birth to tigers and leopards (Sun Jian)." Suspicious, he stopped supplying Sun Jian with food and fodder.Sun Jian drove all night and met Yuan Shu (the distance from Yang people to Luyang Airlines, where Yuan Shu's headquarters is located), drew a picture on the ground and analyzed it, saying: "The reason why I did not care about myself was to fight traitors for the country, and to avenge the general's bloody debts ( Dong Zhuo killed Yuan’s family, refer to March last year). There is no personal grudge between Dong Zhuo and me. The general accepts outsiders’ instigation, and in turn he is suspicious of me, why is that?” Yuan Shu was ashamed and ordered to restore the supply. When Sun Jian returned to the barracks, Dong Zhuo sent General Li Jue (sound jue) to persuade Sun Jian to change his position. Dong Zhuo expressed his willingness to marry Sun Jian as his sons and daughters, and asked Sun Jian to make a list of his sons who were willing to be governors (prefects) and prefects (prefects) , Dong Zhuo was responsible for formal appointment by the central government.Sun Jian replied: "Dong Zhuo acted against the heavens. I can't slaughter his three clans and show it to the world. I won't sleep well when I die. How can I marry him?" Sun Jian advanced to Dagu (southwest of Yanshi County, Henan Province), only ninety miles away from Luoyang.董卓亲统大军出击，在历代皇帝墓园间决战（东汉皇陵大部分分布在邙山南麓），董卓不能抵挡，大败，放弃洛阳，向西撤退到渑池（河南省渑池县西），集结重兵，驻屯陕县（河南省三门峡市），以防孙坚西进。孙坚遂入洛阳，攻击凉州军团殿后部队将领吕布，吕布再大败，突围逃走。孙坚遂扫除大火后残存的皇家祭庙，用太牢（猪牛羊各一）祭奠。而在城南宫廷供应部（少府）所属工艺署（甄官）水井中，得到前年邙山（河南省孟津县东南）混乱中遗失的传国玉玺。孙坚派军出击新安、渑池，向董卓施加压力。 5、董卓对他的参谋长（长史）刘艾说：“关东叛军，几次都要覆灭，因为他们内心对我惧怕，所以无能为力。只有孙坚那小子，好像很有统御才能。你要通知其他将领，对孙坚特别小心，不可轻视。我从前跟周慎在金城郡（甘肃省兰州市东）讨伐边章、韩遂（时董卓是破虏将军，周慎是荡寇将军；同是大军统帅车骑将军张温的部将），我曾报告张温，愿作周慎的后援部队，张温不同意。张温又教我讨伐东羌先零部落（宁夏）叛徒，我知道无法攻克，可是又不能不攻。出动后，命别动部队军政官（别部司马）刘靖，率步骑兵四千人，驻屯安定郡（甘肃省镇原县东南曙光乡），作为呼应。先零部落打算切断我的退路，我只作轻微的攻击，就打开通道，因为先零部落恐惧安定郡驻军，认为有数万人之多，却不知道只刘靖一支孤军。孙坚当时是周慎的军事参议官（参军事），曾建议周慎，先派一万人确保金城郡，要周慎率二万人作为后备部队，而由孙坚在第一线攻击；边章、韩遂畏惧周慎的后备部队，绝不敢轻率的向孙坚挑战，而孙坚的兵力却足够切断边章、韩遂的粮道。那些娃儿如果能采用孙坚的计谋，凉州或许可以平定。张温既不能用我，周慎又不能用孙坚，最后终于溃败逃走（所述种种，参考一八五年）。孙坚当时的身份不过是一个佐理军政官，见解大致跟我相同，不能说没有才干，可是，却无缘无故，追随袁家花花公子，我看他终于要断送性命！” 董卓命皇家警卫东翼指挥官（东中郎将）董越驻屯渑池；皇家警卫指挥官（中郎将）段煨（音wei）驻屯华阴（陕西省华阴市）；皇家警卫指挥官牛辅驻屯安邑（河东郡郡政府所在县·山西省夏县）。其他将领分别驻守各县，防御山东。牛辅是董卓的女婿。董卓回长安。孙坚整修历代皇帝坟墓后，率军返鲁阳（袁术基地。河南省鲁山县）。 6、夏季，四月，董卓抵达首都长安。三公、部长都到郊外迎接，在车前参拜。董卓用手拍一下总监察官（御史中丞）皇甫嵩，说：“老哥，你怕不怕？”（二人私怨，参考一八九年二月）皇甫嵩说：“阁下用道德辅佐皇上，将有大的喜庆，人民都会祝贺，我怕什么？如果滥用刑罚，随便杀人，全国都怕，岂止是我！”董卓的摇尾系统打算再提高董卓的身价，比照周王朝开国宰相姜子牙前例，尊称“尚父”。董卓询问蔡邕的意见，蔡邕说：“你的威望道德，诚然很高，然而，比起姜子牙，我认为还不够。最好等到关东战乱平定，皇上返回旧京（洛阳），然后再作决定。”董卓遂命停止这项议论。 7、董卓命京畿总卫戍司令（司隶校尉）刘嚣，调查官员平民中：凡儿女不孝顺父母的、臣属不忠长官的、官吏贪赃枉法的、弟妹冒犯兄长的，一律诛杀，财产没收。于是引起广大骚动，很多人乘机陷害，互相诬告，辗转牵连，被冤枉处决的人数以千为单位计算；民间成了恐怖世界，路上相遇，只敢互望一眼，不敢交谈一语。 8、六月二十三日，地震。 9、秋季，七月，最高监察长（司空）种拂免职，擢升特级国务官（光禄大夫）济南国（首府东平陵）人淳于嘉当最高监察长。全国武装部队总司令（太尉）赵谦免职，擢升祭祀部长（太常）马日磾当全国武装部队总司令。 10、最初，最高统帅（大将军）何进，派云中郡（内蒙古托克托县）人张杨，返回并州（山西省及黄河河套地区）招募新兵。不久，何进失败（参考一八九年八月），张杨遂留在上党郡（山西省长子县），部众有数千人。车骑将军袁绍驻屯河内郡（河南省武陟县），张杨前往归附，跟南匈奴流亡单于（四十一任）挛鞮於扶罗，共同在漳水（流经邺城北郊）河畔扎营。 冀州全权州长韩馥（时在邺城），眼看天下英雄豪杰都归附袁绍，妒火中烧，暗中减少粮秣供应，打算使袁绍的部众因饥饿而离散。正好，韩馥部将麴义叛变，韩馥讨伐，反被麴义击败。袁绍遂跟麴义结合。 袁绍智囊逢纪（逢，姓）提醒袁绍说：“将军身为盟主，倡导大事，可是粮秣却看别人眼色；如果不能谋取一个州作为根据地，连自己都不能保护。”袁绍说：“冀州兵强马壮，而我们的部队，既吃不饱，又疲惫不堪。如果一击失利，就无处立足。”逢纪说：“韩馥是个庸才，我们可以秘密结合幽州降虏指挥官（降虏校尉）公孙瓒（时驻右北平郡），请他南下进攻冀州，韩馥一定惊恐失措，我们再派有口才的使节，前去分析祸福，说服他把州长官位推让给你，韩馥迫于突然的危机，一定会交出大权。” 袁绍同意，遂写信给公孙瓒。公孙瓒大军于是向南挺进，声称讨伐董卓，实际上阴谋袭击韩馥。韩馥迎战，失败。正好董卓西返长安，袁绍也向东撤退到延津（河南省卫辉市东古黄河渡口），派外甥陈留郡人高幹，跟韩馥的亲信颍川郡（河南省禹州市）人辛评、荀谌、郭图等，前往游说韩馥：“公孙瓒率领燕（河北省北部）、代（山西省北部）战士，乘胜南下，各郡纷纷响应，军锋锐不可当；而车骑将军袁绍，大军又向东移动，企图如何，难以预料，我们替将军担心。”韩馥毛骨悚然，问：“我应该怎么办？”荀谌说：“阁下自以为，宽厚包容，天下英雄豪杰归心，比袁绍如何？”韩馥说：“不如。”荀谌问：“阁下自以为，危机时奇计决策，智勇过人，比袁绍如何？”韩馥说：“不如。”荀谌问：“阁下自以为，数世以来，恩信满天下，家家受惠，比袁绍如何？”韩馥说：“不如。”荀谌说：“袁绍是这一代的人中豪杰，而将军却以'三不如'的条件，居于比他高的地位，他绝不可能长久的屈居将军之下。冀州是天下重要的枢纽地带，袁绍如果跟公孙瓒南北夹攻，将军的危亡，迫不及待。而袁绍是将军的老友，又有同盟誓约（共同讨伐董卓），当今最重要的事，不如把冀州让给袁绍，袁绍必然感激将军的厚德，而公孙瓒也不敢冒犯。是将军有让贤的美名，却获得泰山般的平安。” 韩馥性情一向怯懦，遂完全接受。秘书长（长史）耿武、行政官（别驾）闵纯、总务官（治中）李历，得到消息，坚决反对，劝阻说：“冀州武装部队有百万之多，粮食草料，可支持十年，袁绍孤独的一支穷途末路的客军，仰仗我们鼻息，才可以苟延残喘。好像怀抱中的婴儿，只要不教他吃奶，立即饿死，怎么反而把一州交给他？”韩馥说：“我本是袁家的老部下，而且才干不如袁绍，检讨自己的能力而让给贤能，古人认为最足珍贵，你们为什么不赞成？” 之前，韩馥的参谋官（从事）赵浮、程涣，率强弓兵团一万人驻屯孟津，得到消息，急行还军。这时，袁绍驻屯朝歌（河南省淇县）淇水河畔。赵浮大军一万人，乘战舰数百艘，军容严整，鼓声不绝，于深夜紧傍袁绍军营而过。袁绍看到眼里，浑身紧张。赵浮抵达邺城后，对韩馥说：“袁绍军队，没有一斗粮食，部众已开始离散，虽然有张杨、挛鞮於扶罗（南匈奴四十一任单于），也都是新近结合，不会为袁绍拼命，不是强敌。我这个小小的参谋官，愿用现有的部队跟他对抗，十天八天，袁绍势必土崩瓦解。将军只管大开房门高卧，有什么可忧虑？又有什么可惧怕？”韩馥也拒绝。于是，韩馥宣布辞职。全家迁出州政府，借住故寝殿侍奉宦官赵忠的故宅，派他的儿子把全权州长印信，送给展绍。 袁绍将到邺城（冀州及魏郡郡政府所在城·河北省临漳县西南邺镇），韩馥部下参谋官十人，争先恐后离开韩馥，耿武、闵纯挥刀阻拦，却阻拦不住，只好放弃。袁绍进城后，立即把耿武、闵纯诛杀。 袁绍遂正式以车骑将军身份兼冀州全权州长，以皇帝名义（承制），任命韩馥当奋威将军，但既没有兵，又没有将，更没有官属，只是一个空衔。袁绍再任命广平（河北省曲周县东北）人沮授当奋武将军，命他统御所有将领，宠爱信任，至为优厚。魏郡（河北省临漳县西南邺镇）人审配、钜鹿郡（河北省宁晋县西南）人田丰，都因为行事正直，被韩馥摒弃，袁绍任命田丰当行政官（别驾），审配当总务官（治中）；而南阳郡（河南省南阳市）人许攸、逢纪，颍川郡人荀谌，都作为智囊。 袁绍任命河内郡人朱汉，当纠察官（都官从事）。朱汉从前曾受过韩馥羞辱，而且又为了迎合袁绍的意思，就擅自调动部队，包围韩馥住宅；朱汉手挥佩刀，登堂入室。韩馥急奔楼上，朱汉捉住韩馥的长子，用铁锤敲断双足。袁绍得到消息，立即逮捕朱汉，诛杀。然而，韩馥已心胆俱裂，请求放他逃生。袁绍允许，韩馥遂投奔陈留郡郡长张邈。后来，袁绍派使节晋见张邈，磋商机密，附在张邈耳旁，低声细语。韩馥正好在座，认为将对自己下手，稍停，韩馥去洗手间，就用刻书的刀自杀。（韩馥之死，是“明哲保身学”害了他。他坚决辞让全权州长高位，自以为他的明哲可以保他的身，却不知道“明哲”如果建立在只求“保身”的私心上，便不是“明哲”。） 11、济北国（首府卢县）宰相鲍信，告诉曹操：“袁绍虽然是盟主，却利用职权，图谋私利，会使天下更乱，将成为第二个董卓。如果压制他，我们又没有这种能力，徒然制造敌人。看情形，黄河以北，不能久留，且到黄河之南，观察变化。”曹操佩服他的分析。正好，黑山变民集团（太行山一带）首领于毒、白绕、眭固等十余万人（参考一八五年）攻击东郡。东郡郡长王肱不能抵御，曹操率军赴援，在濮阳（东郡郡政府所在县）迎战，大破白绕部众。袁绍遂向中央推荐并任命（表）曹操当东郡郡长，郡政府迁东武阳（山东省莘县南）。 12、南匈奴汗国（流亡王庭设平阳）单于（四十一任）挛鞮於扶罗，劫持张杨，脱离袁绍势力范围，驻军黎阳（河南省浚县）。董卓任命张杨当建义将军、河内郡郡长。 13、天文台长（太史）仰望天际气象，声称：国家大臣中，当有人被杀。董卓抓住机会报仇，命人诬陷皇城保安司令（卫尉）张温跟袁术（时在鲁阳）秘密通信。 冬季，十月一日，把张温绑到闹市，用乱棒打死，以应天象（张温与董卓结怨事，参考一八五年）。 14、青州黄巾变民攻击勃海郡，部众三十万人，准备跟黑山变民会合。幽州降虏指挥官公孙瓒（时在右北平郡）率步骑兵二万人，在东光（河北省东光县）南郊迎头痛击，大破黄巾，杀三万余人。黄巾变民抛弃辎重，渡黄河逃命，公孙瓒等到黄巾部众渡过一半，发动突击，再获大胜，杀数万人，血流成河，河水全成血水。俘虏七万余人，车辆、武器及财宝，不可胜数。公孙瓒威名，震动远近。 15、幽州全权州长刘虞的儿子刘和当宫廷随从，刘协盼望返回故都洛阳，命刘和假装逃亡，从武关（陕西省商南县西南）出奔，面请老爹出兵迎接圣驾。刘和先到南阳郡，后将军袁术企图利用刘虞作为外援（南阳郡属袁术），于是留住刘和（作为人质），满口允许发兵西进，命刘和写信给老爹。刘虞接到信后，派骑兵部队数千人，迎接刘和。降虏指挥官公孙瓒知道袁术已心怀二志，极力劝阻刘虞，刘虞不肯听从。公孙瓒恐怕袁术对他怨恨，立刻改变立场，派堂弟公孙越，率骑兵一千余人，前往协助袁术，并暗中教唆袁术囚禁刘和，吞并幽州派去迎接刘和的部队。从此，刘虞跟公孙瓒，开始结怨。不久，刘和从袁术那里逃走，但经过冀州时，又被袁绍当做奇货，留住不放。 这时，关东各州郡，分别被地方政府首长割据，早忘掉讨伐董卓这件事，反而互相吞并，一味扩充自己的地盘，壮大自己的力量。袁绍跟袁术本是堂兄弟，也不能和睦。袁术派孙坚攻击董阜时，袁绍任命会稽郡（浙江省绍兴市）人周昂当豫州（河南省）州长，突袭孙坚的根据地阳城（河南省登封县东南。孙坚是袁术任命的豫州州长，驻屯阳城）。孙坚至为痛心，叹息说：“大家同时为大义起兵，目的只在拯救国家。董卓即将破灭，自己人却如此相待，我还为谁效力？”回军作战，逐走周昂。 袁术派公孙越帮助孙坚攻击周昂，公孙越被流箭射死。公孙瓒咆哮说：“我老弟丧命，袁绍是祸首。”率军进驻磐河（自山东省平原县向东北流入渤海），上书中央政府，控告袁绍罪行，遂即向袁绍发动攻击；冀州若干县城，纷纷背叛袁绍，归附公孙瓒。袁绍惶惧，把身兼勃海郡郡长的印信，交给公孙瓒的堂弟公孙范，命公孙范当勃海郡郡长，谋求和解。公孙范到职后，立刻背叛袁绍，率勃海郡民兵，帮助堂兄公孙瓒。 公孙瓒任命他的部将严纲当冀州州长，田楷当青州州长，单经当兖州州长，郡长县长，全部更换。 16、最初，涿郡（河北省涿州市）人刘备，是西汉王朝中山（靖）王刘胜（西汉王朝六任帝刘启的儿子，参考前一五四年七月）的后裔。幼年丧父，家境贫苦，跟娘亲靠着贩卖草鞋糊口。身高七尺五寸，双臂下垂，能超过膝盖，耳朵很大，连自己都可以看得见，从小就有伟大的志愿，不多说话，不流露喜怒表情。曾经跟公孙瓒（幽州降虏指挥官）同时当卢植的学生，有同窗之谊，遂投靠公孙瓒。公孙瓒命他追随田楷夺取青州，建有功劳，被任命当平原国（首府平原）宰相。 刘备自幼跟河东郡人关羽、涿郡人张飞，感情至厚，遂任命关羽、张飞担任地方团队司令（别部司马），分别统领部队。刘备跟二人同榻而眠，情如兄弟；但在大庭广众之下，二人则在刘备身旁侍卫，整天站立；追随刘备跟外人应付周旋，不避艰难危险。常山国（首府元氏）人赵云，早先率领本郡部队及官员，投奔公孙瓒，公孙瓒问说：“听说贵州（冀州。常山国属冀州）人士，都归心袁绍，你怎么单独闯出迷途？”赵云说：“天下沸腾，不知道谁是真正英雄？人民痛苦，犹如头下脚上，倒着悬挂。敝州（冀州）人士，只盼望投奔能行仁政的乐土，安定下来，并不是轻视袁绍，而趋附将军。”刘备对赵云十分惊奇敬佩，用心结交。赵云遂追随刘备到平原国，主持骑兵。 17、最初，后将军袁术，得到南阳郡（参考去年三月），户口有数百万。而袁术骄奢淫逸，向民间征粮征税，作无限度搜括，人民痛苦，无法负荷，遂开始逃亡。后来，袁术跟堂兄袁绍决裂，各人分别树立党羽外援，互相图谋。袁术结交幽州降虏指挥官公孙瓒，而袁绍结交荆州（湖北省及湖南省）州长刘表（各人在对方背后插一把刀），但天下英雄豪杰，大多数都归附袁绍。袁术恼羞成怒，号叫说：“这些白痴，不靠拢我，却靠拢我们袁家家奴！”（袁绍是庶子，袁术是嫡子。封建社会，嫡子一向瞧不起庶子。）又写信告诉公孙瓒：“袁绍不是袁家的儿子。”袁绍听到后，暴跳如雷。 袁术命破虏将军孙坚，攻击荆州州长刘表。刘表命部将黄祖在樊城（湖北省襄樊市汉水北岸）、邓县（樊城西北）间迎战。孙坚攻势猛烈，击破黄祖，进围襄阳（荆州州政府所在县·湖北省襄樊市）。刘表命黄祖乘夜出城，征集各地部队；在回襄阳时，孙坚迎头痛击，黄祖再大败，逃入岘山（岘，音xian。岘山，位襄阳东南，东临汉水），孙坚乘胜于深夜追击，黄祖部队士兵在密林中发箭，射死孙坚。 孙坚所推荐的“孝廉”长沙郡（湖南省长沙市）人桓阶，晋见刘表，要求发回孙坚的尸体安葬，刘表被他的义行感动，允许。 孙坚的侄儿孙贲接管孙坚部队，撤回南阳郡，再依靠袁术。袁术再推荐并任命（表）孙贲继任豫州州长。袁术从此再没有力量攻击刘表。 18、最初，董卓西入函谷关（河南省新安县），命东都洛阳市长（河南尹）朱儁，留守洛阳。朱儁暗中跟山