Chapter 10 1950s (50159)

1. In the first month of the first lunar month, the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital Luoyang) (the first Emperor Guangwu) Liu Xiu (55 years old this year) issued an edict to increase the salaries of civil and military officials.The salaries of officials above a thousand shi (sound dan) were adjusted to be slightly lower than those of the Western Han Dynasty; the salaries of officials below 600 shi were adjusted to be higher than those of the Western Han Dynasty. 2. Liu Xiu built a tomb in advance (Liu Xiu's tomb is called the original mausoleum, which is located in Yujia Village, 14 kilometers northeast of Mengjin County, Henan Province), and declared: "When the ancient kings were buried, they were all buried with pottery portraits and utensils. , wooden chariots and thatched horses, because they are easy to decay, people in later generations can't find a place at all. Taizong (Liu Heng, the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) understood the true meaning of the end of life, and Emperor Jing (Liu Qi, the sixth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) ) can abide by filial piety. When the world is in chaos, the tombs of the emperors of all dynasties have been dug, and only the Ba Tomb (Liu Heng’s tomb, east of Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province) remains intact. Isn’t it a beautiful thing (after Chimei entered Chang’an, The tombs of the emperors of the Western Han Dynasty were all dug up, and the gold and silver treasures buried with them were stolen. Mu, just use the ready-made terrain, don’t need to build another mausoleum, just don’t need to accumulate water, so that after the future rises and falls (referring to the fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty), the coffin of the corpse will be integrated with the soil.”

3. Liu Xiu sent Royal Guard Commander (General Zhonglang) Duan Bin and Deputy Commander (Deputy Colonel) Wang Yu to the Southern Huns Khanate to help Shan Yu (the 23rd) Duanbi in Wuyuan Eighty miles west of the county (Baotou City, Inner Mongolia), a royal court was established.Duan Bin asked Duanbi to bow down and bow down to accept the imperial edict.Judabi hesitated for a while before accepting the ceremony.But after saluting, the teaching interpreter told Duan Bin: "Our Shanyu has just ascended the throne. In front of our left and right ministers, he bowed down to the envoys of the Han Dynasty. He feels ashamed. Qu Jie." Liu Xiu ordered Suobi to move to Yunzhong County (Toketuo County, Inner Mongolia), and set up the Xiongnu Assistance Commander (to make the Xiongnu Zhonglang General. Soon, the headquarters moved to Meiji with Shanyu), and led the army to protect.

4. In the summer, Zuoxian King Zuoxian, who was captured some time ago, led his tribe and the five captains who originally belonged to the old tribe of Sudanbi. Hou, Huyan Guduhou, Langshi Guduhou, and Sujuguduhou), a total of more than 30,000 people, rebelled and fled north.At a distance of more than three hundred miles from the royal court, a new royal court was established, calling itself Shanyu.However, more than a month later, internal strife broke out, and they attacked and killed each other day and night. The five captains (Guduhou) all died, and King Zuoxian, who was called Shanyu, also committed suicide.The captain's sons did not agree with each other, and each defended himself.

Bo Yang said: The Huns killed each other, which was shocking.There are tens of millions of dead people, all brothers and sisters of the Huns.I don't know the reason why they killed each other. I only know that they are trying to perform the tragedy of the country's subjugation and genocide. Why don't the Huns know the importance of harmony and unity, but their inability to be harmonious and united is not destined by God, but because they are not wise enough.A nation that has no wisdom to live in harmony and unity can only disappear in a pool of blood. 5. In autumn, Shanyu (twenty-third term) of the Southern Huns sent the prince to the Eastern Han Dynasty as a hostage.Liu Xiu ordered to reward the official hats, belts, seals (Chanyu's "seal", made of gold, with green and purple woven ribbons), chariots and horses, gold and silver, silk, weapons, and eating utensils.It also transported 25,000 dendrobium grains and 36,000 cattle and sheep from Hedong County (Xia County, Shanxi Province).The Commander of Defense Assistance was ordered to lead fifty guards composed of commuted prisoners, and accompanied by Shan Yu (the 23rd) Suobi, went to the place of residence to assist in handling litigation cases and scout out movements.

At the end of each year, Suobibi sent envoys to Luoyang, the capital, to submit work reports and escort the prince into the court as a new hostage.The Eastern Han government sent a royal protocol officer (the guest) to escort the hostage prince sent last time back to the royal court (set in Yunzhong County).A total of 10,000 bolts of cloth and satin were rewarded to the Chanyu, the Empress (Yanshi), and the officials below the Wise Kings of the Left and Right. — every year. The northern frontier has restored its former peace and prosperity.Yunzhong County, Wuyuan County (Baotou City, Inner Mongolia), Shuofang County (Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia), Beidi County (Jinji Town, Southwest Wuzhong City, Ningxia), Dingxiang County (Youyu County, Shanxi Province), Yanmen County ( The exiled residents of eight counties including Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province), Shanggu County (Huailai County, Hebei Province), and Dai County (Yanggao County, Shanxi Province) returned to their homeland one after another.

The Eastern Han government sent royal protocol officials (Yi Zhe) to lead the commuted prisoners to repair the dilapidated old city walls.Frontier residents who were exiled in various counties and counties in the interior were forced to return to their hometowns, rewarded with repairing expenses, and provided with food and fodder.The city walls along the border have long been in ruins, and there is no one inhabited. The returning residents sweep away the dust and rubble, and start everything from scratch.Liu Xiu regretted that he should not be forced to retreat (refer to 1939). 6. In winter, the sons of the five captains (Guduhou) who were fighting endlessly could not survive, so they led 3,000 remnants to the south, preparing to return to the Southern Huns (summer, 30,000 defected. In winter, 3,000 Return. During half a year, 27,000 people—nine tenths of the total were killed, and all died by the Xiongnu’s own sword).Shanyu (the 22nd term) of the northern Xiongnu (the royal court was located in Khalhelin City, Mongolia) sent troops to pursue and captured all of them.Shanyu (twenty-third term) of the Southern Huns rushed to the rescue, but was defeated in a battle.

The Eastern Han government ordered the tribes of the Southern Xiongnu to move south to Xihe County (southwest of Zhungeer Banner, Inner Mongolia) and Meiji County (Zungar Banner, Inner Mongolia).Duan Bin and Wang Yu were ordered to stay in Xihe County for protection. The Secretary-General of Xihe County Government (Chang Shi) led 2,000 cavalry and 500 commuted prisoners every winter to help the commander of the defense, and went to Wangting to protect Shanyu until the second day. It was only withdrawn in the summer of the second year.It has since become a practice. Shanyu (the 23rd) of the Southern Huns moved to Xihe County, and all the ministries established princes as before, and sent troops to Yunzhong County, Wuyuan County, Shuofang County, Beidi County, Dingxiang County, and Yanmen County. , Daijun, assisting the border guards of the Eastern Han Dynasty, serving as patrols and detectives in border counties and counties.

Shanyu (twenty-second term) of the Northern Xiongnu was very nervous and often released the captured Han Chinese as a gesture of goodwill.Every time the assault troops went south and passed the pavilions and blockhouses of the Han Dynasty, they apologized and said: "We are only attacking the traitor Shudabi, and we dare not invade the Han Dynasty." 1. In summer, on April 21st, Yukuang, the Prime Minister (Da Situ) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Luoyang), passed away. 2. On May 1st, Emperor Liu Xiu (56 years old this year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the first Guangwu Emperor) issued an edict: Da Situ (Prime Minister) and Da Sikong (Supreme Chief Inspector) both removed the word "big".Da Sima (the supreme commander of the national armed forces) was renamed Taiwei (commander-in-chief of the national armed forces).General Hussars and Acting Supreme Commander of the National Armed Forces (Xingda Sima) Liu Long will be dismissed immediately.Appoint the Minister of Communications (Tai Pu) Zhao Xing as the Commander-in-Chief of the National Armed Forces (Tai Wei), and the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Si Nong) Feng Qin as the Prime Minister (Situ).

3. The Shanyu (twenty-second term) of the Northern Huns Khanate (Kharhelin City, Mongolia) sent envoys to Wuwei County (Wuwei City, Gansu Province) to ask for peace.Liu Xiu convened an imperial meeting, but could not make a decision.The crown prince Liu Zhuang said: "The Southern Huns (the king's court set up Meiji) Shanyu (the 23rd) Shanyu (the 23rd) has recently returned to my country. The Northern Huns are afraid of our attack, so they listen with their ears and scramble to express their views to our country. Now, We have not sent troops for the Southern Huns, but have established a relationship with the Northern Huns. I am afraid that the Southern Huns must be suspicious and fearful, and have two hearts. At that time, the Northern Huns will not come again." Liu Xiu thought his analysis was sound, and ordered the governor of Wuwei , Do not receive envoys from the Northern Huns.

4. Langling Hou Zanggong and Yangxu Hou Mawu wrote a letter saying: "The Huns are greedy for profit, never have the reputation of propriety and righteousness, kowtow to our country when they are poor, and launch aggression once they are safe. In times of famine, many people, horses and livestock died from the plague, the drought was severe and the locust plague was severe, the earth was burned like a raging fire, and there was no human habitation, exhausted and exhausted, and its strength was not as good as that of a county in our country. The lives of thousands of miles away are hanging in the hands of your majesty. Dafu will not be the first When the second time comes, the opportunity is easily lost quickly. How can we stick to the culture and abandon the military? We suggest: send generals to the northern frontier, announce generous rewards, and order the Kingdom of Goguryeo (the inner city of the capital) and the Wuhuan tribe (northern Hebei Province) , Xianbei tribe (At this time, the Xianbei tribe had moved south from the eastern part of Inner Mongolia to the upper reaches of the Xiliao River, the original residence of the Wuhuan tribe), attacked the eastern part of the Northern Huns Khanate. Four counties in Hexi (central and western Gansu Province) (Wuwei County, The Qianghu tribes in Zhangye County, Jiuquan County, Dunhuang County), Tianshui County (Gangu County, Gansu Province), and Longxi County (Lintao County, Gansu Province) attacked the western part of the Northern Huns Khanate. In this way, within a few years, the Northern Huns Khan The country is bound to perish. We are afraid that His Majesty is benevolent and gracious, and cannot bear to do so, and the officials of the General Staff Headquarters are hesitant, and the great achievements that have been handed down forever will not be able to be established in this world of sages."

Liu Xiu replied with an imperial edict, saying: "The Records of the Yellow Stone" said: "The soft can control the strong, and the weak can control the strong. Abandoning the present, and seeking to reach the distant place, labor is useless. Abandoning the distant place, concentrating on managing the present, competent and happy. It will be effective. Therefore, it is said: Those who devote themselves to developing the land will exhaust themselves. Those who treat others with kindness will gradually grow stronger. Cherish what you have and get peace. Coveting what others have will become vicious. Vicious Tyranny, even if it succeeds for a while, will eventually fail.' (Li Xian’s original note: "Huang Shi Gong Ji" is the book given to Zhang Liang by the old man in Xiapi.) Today, the government has no kindness to the people, natural disasters, man-made disasters, and chaos Constantly, the people panicked, and no one had the confidence to save their lives. How could they do things outside the remote frontier? Confucius said: "I am afraid that the disaster of Jisun's family is not in Zhuanyu, but in Xiaoqiang." '(Language) In fact, the Northern Huns Khanate is still very strong. We open up wasteland and farmland on the frontier just to strengthen our security. Rumors spread, which are often far from the truth. As long as I can destroy the giant bandits, I am willing to do it even if it consumes half of the national power. But , If it is not the right time, it is better to let the people rest." Since then, the generals dare not propose any military action. 5. Liu Xiu asked Taiwei Zhao Xi how to make the Eastern Han Dynasty last longer?Zhao Xie suggested that all the princes who were crowned kings be sent to their feudal states. In winter, Liu Xiu began to order Liu Xing, the king of Lu (the capital of Lu County), and Liu Shi, the king of Qi (the capital of Linzi), to go to their feudal country first (Liu Xing, the second son of Liu Xiu's elder brother Liu Yan, and his second uncle Liu Zhong. Liu Shi, the eldest son of Liu Zhang, the eldest son of Liu Yan, and the eldest grandson of Liu Yan). 6. This year, Liu Xiu's uncle Shou Zhang Hou (Gong Hou) Fan Hong passed away.Fan Hong is a cautious and gentle man, every time there is a court meeting in the Jinluan Palace, he must arrive early and follow the civil and military officials, leaning over and waiting for orders.All the memorials were written by hand, and the drafts were burned after writing.Liu Xiu sometimes asked him about investigations, but he never reported and answered in public.The royal relatives were infected by him, and no one violated the law.Liu Xiu respected him very much.Later, Fan Hong became seriously ill, and his will required that he be buried lightly and not be buried with anything.It is believed that once the coffin is buried, it cannot see the light of day again.If the coffin is destroyed and the body rots, the children will feel sad when they see it.So he ordered that although he and his wife share the same grave, they don't use the same tomb (Hu Sanxing's original note: ancient couples were buried together: "the death is the same cave." Die a different cave, starting with Fan Hong). Liu Xiu admired his uncle's will very much, and ordered civil and military officials to pass it on, saying: "If you don't obey his orders, you can't show his character. And, after I die, I plan to use this model." 1. In spring, on the Jisi day of the first month (the first month is Guisishuo, there is no Jisi), the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Luoyang) changed the title of King of Lu (capital Lu County) to Liu Xing as King of Beihai (capital Ju County).And the Lu State was merged into the fiefdom of Liu Qiang, the king of the East China Sea (the capital of Tan County) (the capital of the East China Sea State was also moved from Tan County to Lu County).Emperor Liu Xiu (57 years old this year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the first Guangwu Emperor) believed that Liu Qiang, who had been the crown prince, accepted the change of title humbly and courteously, so the area of ​​his feudal country was particularly special. Huge, with a total of twenty-nine counties.He was rewarded with tiger guards and warriors, cavalry guards, and bells and chimes hanging on wooden frames, just like the emperor. 2. In summer, on June 7th, Guo Shengtong (Liu Qiang's mother) passed away. 3. At the beginning, Wang Pan, Ma Yuan's niece-in-law, was the son of Ping'ahou Wang Ren (Wang Jiaban).After the fall of the government of the new dynasty, Wang Pan was rich in wealth, a knight-errant, famous among the Yangtze River and Huaihe River.Later, he came to Luoyang, the capital, and made friends with the emperor's relatives, all of whom became good friends.Ma Yuan told his sister's son Cao Xun: "The surname Wang is a declining surname. Wang Pan should have kept his door closed to protect himself. Not only did he not do that, but he traveled around the capital (the capital Luoyang), clinging to high positions and acting on his own will. If you offend so many people, you will definitely be defeated." More than a year later, Wang Pan was indeed charged with the crime and executed.Wang Pan's son, Wang Su, inherited his father's style, and went in and out of the gates of princes and dignitaries with complacency. At that time, the government of the Eastern Han Dynasty was all rudimentary, and there were few taboos. The princes gathered in Luoyang to compete with each other for reputation and attract guests.Ma Yuan warned his military and political officer (Sima) Lu Zhong, saying: "In the 1930s and 1940s, the foundation of the country was just established, and some things could not be taken care of. However, one day, there will be complete peace. What I worry about is , the princes grew up at the same time, the old constraints have not been restored. If you have too many guests, friends and guests, I am afraid that a big prison will arise, you should be particularly vigilant and careful." This year, someone wrote a letter accusing Wang Su: he was the son of a death row prisoner, but he was the guest of the princes, so he might stir up trouble and cause trouble.Coincidentally, Liu Li, the son of Emperor Xuanhan (first term) Liu Xuan, Shouguanghou Liu Li, was favored and supported by King Pei (capital Xiangxian) Liu Fu, and resented the red-browed Han Emperor Liu Penzi for killing his father (refer to December 25 ), so he led his guests to attack and kill the former Shihou Liu Gong (Liu Penzi's elder brother). Liu Xiu was furious, arrested Pei Wang Liu Fu, imprisoned him, and released him three days later.Then he issued an edict to all counties and counties to search for all the guests of the princes and execute them all.The guests confessed to each other, and the number of people killed was calculated in thousands.Lu Zhong was also being executed.Before the execution, Lu Zhong sighed and said: "General Ma (Ma Yuan) is really a god!" 4. In autumn, on August 19th, Liu Xiu’s five sons: King Donghai (capital Lu County) Liu Qiang, King Pei (capital Xiang County) Liu Fu, King Chu (capital Pengcheng) Liu Ying, King Jinan (capital Dongping Mausoleum) Liu Kang, and Huaiyang King (capital Chen County) Liu Yan, went to their respective feudal states. 5. Liu Xiu held an enlarged imperial meeting and asked: "Who can be the master of the prince (Liu Zhuang)?" The civil and military officials observed his words and made a unanimous recommendation: "The prince's uncle, the commander of the capital Luoyang Garrison (Zhi Jinwu), Yuanlu Houyin He is the most suitable candidate." The research officer (doctor) Zhang Yi said solemnly: "Is Your Majesty setting up the crown prince for the benefit of the Yin family? Or for the benefit of the country? If it is for the benefit of the Yin family, Yin knowledge is of course the most appropriate one." If it is for the benefit of the country, you should choose talented people from all over the world." Liu Xiu greatly appreciated his words, and said: "The purpose of inviting the master is to guide the prince. The research officer (Zhang Yi) can treat me well today. Kuangzheng, let alone the prince!" Then he appointed Zhang Yi as the prince's tutor (Prince Taifu), and another research officer (doctor) Huan Rong as the prince's tutor (Prince Shaofu), and rewarded them with curtained chariots and horses. Huan Rong was overjoyed at this promotion. He put out the curtained chariot, horse and the seal of the prince's teacher, gathered all the students, showed it to them, and said, "I can get these things today because of my knowledge of ancient books." Research, why don't you encourage yourself!" 6. The Northern Xiongnu Khanate (the royal court is located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) sent envoys to the Eastern Han Dynasty, paid tribute to horses and leather clothes, and asked for marriage again, and asked to teach them the music of the Han Dynasty, and asked to lead the Western Regions (Xinjiang and eastern Central Asia) Envoys from various countries will meet together.Liu Xiu ordered the three government offices to study how to respond (three government offices: the General Command of the National Armed Forces, the Prime Minister's Office, and the Supreme Supervisory Office). Ban Biao, Secretary of the Prime Minister's Office (Situ Yu), said: "I once heard: Emperor Xiaoxuan (Liu Bingji, the tenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) ordered the generals of the border guards: 'The Xiongnu is a big country, fickle and treacherous. If you associate with him, if you can get your heart, he can fight the enemy for you. Contribute your strength. However, if you accidentally jump into his trap, you will be despised and bullied instead.' Today, the Northern Huns Shanyu (the 22nd term) is the leader of the Huns, and the Southern Huns is the Shanyu (the 23rd leader). Dibi, who belonged to the Eastern Han Dynasty, feared that there would be adverse actions against him, so he asked for marriage several times, and drove cattle and horses from the far north to trade with the Eastern Han Dynasty. He also sent important princes to pay tribute to the Eastern Han Dynasty. In fact, it was just intentional Showing their wealth and strength gives us a wrong impression. I am sure: the more expensive the gift of tribute, the poorer his domestic finances. The more times he asks for peace, the greater the fear in his heart. "However, to this day, since we have not been able to benefit from the Southern Huns, we should not sever contact with the Northern Huns. From the standpoint of appeasing him, Yu Li must not answer his request. My The suggestion is: rewards should be given, and the price or value should be comparable to their tribute. The wording of the reply must be appropriate. I tried to write a draft and submit it together for your majesty to judge. The draft is as follows:'Chan Yu (Bei Dan Yu Yan Punu) will not forget the old kindness of the Han Dynasty, remember the old covenant established by the ancestors (refer to the second year), and hope that the two countries will establish an in-law relationship in order to protect the country. This is a highly intelligent national policy. I represent Shan Yu (Tuan Pu Nu) rejoiced. In the past, civil strife continued to occur in the Hun Khanate, and Hu Hanxie Shanyu (the fourteenth Ren Ji Houzha) and Zhizhi Shanyu hated each other (the two Danyus stood side by side, starting from the previous In 1956), fortunately, Emperor Xiaoxuan (the tenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bingji) rescued the disaster. Therefore, the two Chanyus sent hostages to the Han Dynasty, claiming that they were willing to be the vassals of the Han Dynasty and protect the northern frontier of the Han Dynasty. (Refer to the first 50 years). However, later on, Zhizhi Shanyu suddenly turned his face and broke with the Han Dynasty. It is only said that Han Xie Shanyu has always been close to the Han Dynasty, and his loyalty and filial piety have been revealed to the world at the same time. Wait until the Han Dynasty kills Zhizhi Shan Yu and Hu Hanxie Shan Yu then preserved the Xiongnu, which was passed on from generation to generation, and their descendants continued. Now, the Southern Xiongnu Shan Yu Suobibi, led his tribe to the south, expressed his attitude at the frontier fortress, and surrendered to the Han Dynasty. The accusation Said: He is the current son of Huhanxie Shanyu. According to the order, he should succeed Shanyu, but unexpectedly he was contested and lost the throne. He was also suspected and hated, so he had to take action to betray him. He repeatedly asked the Han Dynasty to send troops, Sweeping the royal court of the Northern Huns (Harhelin City, Mongolia). All kinds of strategies and schemes are omnipotent. However, the words of the accusations should not be listened to. , all paid tribute, and asked the two countries to marry again. Therefore, the purpose of rejecting the request of the Southern Huns was only to fulfill the loyalty of Shanyu (Shuangpu Punu) to submit to the Han Dynasty. As the king of all nations. Wherever the sun and the moon shine, they are all vassals of the Han Dynasty. Even barbarians with different customs and habits are all the same in the eyes of the Han Dynasty, regardless of distance or closeness Praise and reward for obedience, crusade and killing for betrayal. The ending of good and evil is clearly shown in Huhanxie Shanyu and Zhizhi Shanyu. "Now, Shanyu (Shuanglu Punu) wants to make peace, and his sincere intentions are fully revealed. What suspicion is there, instead of personally leading the countries of the Western Regions (Xinjiang and eastern Central Asia) to come to court? The countries of the Western Regions surrendered to the Xiongnu (Northern Huns) ) and submitting to the Han Dynasty, what is the difference? Shanyu (Shuanglu Punu) encountered numerous wars, and the country’s financial resources have been exhausted. The tribute is just a kind of etiquette. Why donate expensive horses and leather clothes? Five hundred pieces of various silks and satins, one bow and arrow collection equipment, and four arrows. In addition, rewards were given to the captain of the left wing (Zuo Guduhou) and King You Guli who were in charge of transporting the horses to the Han Dynasty, four hundred pieces of various silks and satins, chopped Each person has a horse sword. Shanyu (Shuangda Punu) mentioned earlier that the musical instruments such as Yu, Se, and Konghou, which were rewarded to Hu Hanxie Shanyu by the first emperor (the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty), are all damaged, so please add them. But thinking that Shan Yu’s country is not yet completely stable, he is preparing his horses and soldiers, advocating martial arts. Regardless of attack and defense, the function of musical instruments is not as good as a good bow and sword, so I didn’t send them together. I don’t care about these small objects, but I just hope that they can help Shan Yu Yu. If you have other needs, please send envoys to report." Liu Xiu accepted. 1. Spring, February 1st, solar eclipse. 1. In spring, in February, Liu Xiu (59 years old), the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the first Guangwu Emperor), left the capital Luoyang (to the east of Dongbaima Temple, Luoyang City, Henan Province) to inspect the east.The civil and military officials suggested: "Your Majesty has been on the throne for 30 years. It is best to go to Mount Tai (north of Tai'an City, Shandong Province) to worship the heaven and the earth (Feng Chan)." Liu Xiu issued an edict to refute, saying: "What are the achievements of the 30 years of the throne? The people I am full of resentment! 'Who am I going to deceive? Can I deceive God?' 'Why is Mount Tai not as good as Lin Fang?' (Confucius language. Lin Fang, one of Confucius' students, once discussed the foundation of ethics and was praised by Confucius.) Why The glorious record of slandering seventy-two kings (according to legend, there were seventy-two kings who worshiped heaven and earth in Mount Tai in ancient times)? If the county government or the county government sends officials far away to celebrate birthdays and sing praises, I will punish him , exiled to the frontier to open up wasteland and cultivate fields." Therefore, civil and military officials dare not mention "Feng Chan" and "Birthday". On February 13, Liu Xiu went to Lu County (the capital of Donghai State, Qufu City, Shandong Province) and Jinan State (the capital of Dongpingling). On March 3rd, Liu Xiu returned to the capital Luoyang. 2. A star appears beside the purple palace star in the sky. 3. In summer, on April 9th, the title was changed to King Zuoyi (capital Gaoling) Liu Yan (Liu Xiuzi) Zhongshan King (capital Lunu). 4. In May, floods. 5. In autumn, on Dingyou day in July (Jiyoushuo in July, there is no Dingyou), Liu Xiu will go to Lu County again. In winter, on the day of Dingyou in November (Ding Weishuo in November, there is no Dingyou), Liu Xiu returned to the capital Luoyang. 6. Jiaodonghou (Ganghou) Jia Fu passed away. Jia Fu joined the army and never lost a battle. He once broke through with other generals to ask for help, and was wounded in twelve places.Liu Xiu thought that Jia Fu was too brave and would charge into battle at every turn. In order to save his life, he seldom sent him to battle.But knowing his loyalty and bravery, he often placed him by his side, so Jia Fu lacked the meritorious service of his own.Every time the generals like to talk about their contributions, Jia Fu never speaks.Liu Xiu replaced him and said, "I know the credit for Jia Fu." 1. In summer, in May, there will be floods. 2. On May 30th, a solar eclipse. 3. Locusts are a disaster. 4. In the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital of Luoyang) Xijing Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) Municipal Secretary (Jing Zhaoyu) Fifth Lun (fifth, double surname), acting as Chang'an market management officer (leading Chang'an City), honest and upright, fair and upright , the people will no longer be treacherous, and the lawsuit will no longer be wronged. It turned out that Fifth Lun was in his hometown, and every time he read the imperial edict promulgated by Emperor Liu Xiu (60 years old this year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (one Emperor Guangwu), he sighed deeply: "This is a wise king. As long as he can meet and report, Big things can be decided once." His colleagues and friends laughed at him, saying: "You can't even convince a general, how can you convince the emperor?" Fifth Lun said: "It's just because I haven't met a confidant, and the level is different. "Later, he was elected by the village as "Xiaolian" (a senior intellectual with good morals in the local area), and then served as the chief medical officer (chief medical engineer) of Huaiyang King (the capital of Chen County). 1. In spring, the first month, Liu Yan, King of Huaiyang (capital Chen County) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Luoyang) made a pilgrimage to the capital Luoyang.Fifth Lun and other officials met the emperor (one Guangwu Emperor) Liu Xiu (sixty-one years old this year).Liu Xiu asked Fifth Lun about political affairs, and Fifth Lun answered them one by one, Liu Xiu was very happy.The next day, I summoned Fifth Lun again and talked about the dusk.Liu Xiu said to Wu Lun: "I heard that when you were an official, you tortured your father-in-law. Is it true that you passed by your cousin and refused to stay for dinner?" I have been married three times, and each wife has lost her father. I have suffered from famine and war since I was a child, and I have experienced all kinds of pain. I never dared to go to other people’s homes to eat casually. Everyone thinks I am stupid and can’t think about it, so they create these rumors.” Liu Xiu couldn’t bear it. Live laughing.Fifth Lun was appointed as the magistrate of Fuyi (Shaoyang County, Hunan Province).On the way to take office, he was promoted to the county magistrate of Kuaiji County (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province).Fifth Lun presides over local administration, is clean and generous, and loved by the people. 2. Liu Xiu read "Hetu Huichang Talisman" (mysterious prophecy book), there is a sentence in the book: "Nine of Chiliu will order Daizong (Mount Tai)." He thinks it includes unpredictable mysteries.Order Huben Guard Commander (Huben Zhonglang General) Liang Song and others to investigate "Heluo Prophecy" (another mysterious prophecy book), the book pointed out: In the ninth generation, you should go to Mount Tai (north of Tai'an City) to worship heaven and earth (Feng Chan) and so on, a total of thirty-six rituals.Therefore, Zhang Chun, the chief inspector (Sikong), and others put forward a proposal to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth (Feng Chan) on Mount Tai, and Liu Xiu approved it.An edict was issued to the relevant units to investigate the archives of Liu Che, the seventh emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (Emperor Wu), who went to sacrifice to heaven and earth (Fengchan) (refer to 110 years ago).It was found that during the sacrifice, "the square stone is tired again", "jade inspection" and "gold mud" (the original note of Hu Sanxing: "No matter how tired the square stone is, put it in the altar, it is five feet square and one foot thick, and it is stored in a jade book. The ashlar is five inches thick, one foot three inches long, and five inches wide." According to the description, it may be two huge jade stones, with an empty slot cut out in the middle for the jade date, and after fastening up and down, use The "golden mud" is sealed, and the "jade inspection" is used to press the mark on the "golden mud"-like a modern seal wax).Liu Xiu thought that the "Fang Shi" was hard to find for a while, so he decided to use the old "Fang Shi" that Liu Che had used at that time, and put the Jade Document (a memorial to the gods of heaven and earth) in it.Liang Song and others argued with reason and believed that it was absolutely impossible (if the same "square stone" was used, then Liu Xiu's jade document and Liu Che's jade document would have to be placed together at the same time, or Liu Che's jade document would be taken out and destroyed).In the end, it was decided to order the masons to look for pure blue boulders, which do not require five colors (from this it can be inferred that the "square stones used by Liu Che are no matter how tired they are", exquisite and noble, and hard to come by). On the twenty-eighth day of the first lunar month, Liu Xiu's huge convoy left the capital Luoyang and headed east. On February 10, arrived at Lu County (the capital of the East China Sea, Qufu City, Shandong Province), and advanced to Mount Tai. On February 22, in the early morning, campfires are lit, and the gods and all the gods in the sky are worshiped at the southern foot of Mount Tai, using the sacred music when worshiping the gods in the southern suburbs of Luoyang, the capital.After the sacrificial ceremony is completed, breakfast is served.Then, Liu Xiu climbed Mount Tai in a chariot and imperial sedan chair.Later at noon, he arrived at the top of the mountain and changed into sacrificial clothes. In the afternoon, Liu Xiu climbed onto the altar and faced north.The Secretary-General of the palace (Shangshu Ling) held out the jade document (a memorial presented to the gods) and the jade seal (jade inspection), and Liu Xiu used the imperial seal of one inch and two cents (should be the "Jade Picture Record") to hand the jade document in person. seal.After the closure, the Minister of Sacrifice (Taichang) ordered more than 2,000 cavalry soldiers of the imperial guards to lift up the "square stone" on the altar, and the secretary-general of the palace (Shang Shuling) hid the sealed jade document inside; The stone is covered and restored to its original state.The secretary-general of the palace sealed the "Fang Shi" with a five-inch seal.After the seal, Liu Xiu kowtowed for the second time, and the civil and military officials shouted "Long live" together!So, I went down the same path.After midnight, Liu Xiucai arrived at the foot of the mountain.The civil and military officials who followed did not finish their work until dawn. On February 25th, Liu Xiu offered sacrifices to the earth in Liangyin (northern foot of Liangfu Mountain, southeast of Tai'an City, Shandong Province), which was shared by Lu Zhi (Liu Bangzheng's wife) and all the gods of mountains and rivers.Everything follows the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the earth gods in the northern suburbs of the capital Chang'an (Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) by Liu Jizi, the fourteenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (Pingdi) in the first ten years of this century (the first century). 3. On March 30, Zhang Chun, the Supreme Inspector General, passed away. 4. In summer, on April 5th, Liu Xiu returned to the capital Luoyang. On April 11th, pardon the world and change the year name (before it was the 32nd year of Jianwu, and then it was the first year of Zhongyuan). 5. Liu Xiu went to Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province). On May 28, Liu Xiu returned to the capital Luoyang. 6. On June 24, Feng Bing, Minister of Communications (Private Servant), was appointed as the Supreme Inspector General. 7. On June 28, Prime Minister (Situ) Feng Qin passed away. 8. In Luoyang, the capital, a spring of sweet water gushes out, and red grass grows beside the water.All counties and feudal states kept reporting that nectar had come down from heaven.Civil and military officials said: "Auspiciousness continues to come, and the director of the Observatory (Taishi) should be ordered to collect records and pass on to future generations." Liu Xiu refused, humbly thinking that his kindness was not enough, and insisted on reporting auspiciousness to all counties and countries. Don't dare to be.Therefore, officials in charge of historical sites rarely record. 9. In autumn, locusts were infested in three counties and Fengguo. 10. In winter, on October 6th, Li Yi, the commander of the general garrison of Gyeonggi (Sili Xiaowei), and a native of Donglai County (Donghuangchengji, Longkou City, Shandong Province), was promoted to be prime minister. 11. On October 19th, Liu Xiu sent the Supreme Inspector General to report to Liu Bang’s sacrificial temple (Gaomiao), the first emperor (Gaozu) of the Western Han Dynasty, and honored Liu Bang’s young wife, Ms. Bo (the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Heng’s mother) as "Queen Gao" , beside the altar of the earth, share the incense.The memorial tablet of Liu Bangzheng's wife Lu Zhi was removed from the sacrificial temple and moved to the cemetery (20 kilometers northeast of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, west of Liu Bang's tomb), but the sacrifices of the four seasons are still kept. 12. On November 29th, a solar eclipse. 13. This year, the Royal Assembly Hall (Mingtang), the Imperial Observatory (Lingtai), and the National University (Biyong) will be built, and the mysterious prophecies (pictures) will be announced to the whole country. At first, Liu Xiu thought that he became emperor only because he fulfilled the prophecy of "Chi Fu Talisman" (refer to June 2005), so he believed in the mysterious prophecy book very much. When encountering difficulties or confusion, he looked for it in the mysterious prophecy book. Answer.Huan Tan, the former supervisor of the imperial court (in the middle of the matter), wrote a letter to persuade him: "Human nature always ignores the normal things in front of us, and values ​​extraordinary variations. Observing the historical relics of the sage kings in the past are all normal behaviors of benevolence and morality, and there are no special or grotesque miracles. Gai Tiandao and fate belong to metaphysics. Even sages dare not talk about it. Since Duanmuci, Confucian scholars have not touched this issue ("The Analects of Confucius·Gongyechang" Duanmuci said: Regarding the destiny of heaven, we can't hear anything from Confucius). What's more, how can those superficial intellectuals in later generations be proficient? Now, some clever little people and magicians have changed and added picture books without authorization, insisting that it is a mysterious prophecy book, which is used to achieve the purpose of corruption and evil, and to lead the king into the world. A wrong direction, why shouldn't we alienate them? "Chen Huan Tan heard that His Majesty traced the source of the alchemy provided by the magician. It can be said that he is aware. However, he accepted all the mysterious prophecies (prophecies) written by the magician. Why did he make such a mistake? Mysterious prophecies sometimes Although it is fulfilled, it should not be paid special attention to it, just like odd or even numbers that are occasionally correct in divination. Your Majesty should make a wise decision, actively reject those views that are not righteous, and only follow the five classics of the Confucian school ("Book of Books") Classics, Classics of Rites, and Spring and Autumn Annals).” After the memorial was submitted, Liu Xiu was very upset. Coincidentally, Liu Xiu convened an imperial meeting to discuss where the imperial observatory (Lingtai) should be set up?Liu Xiu said to Huan Tan: "I want to use the words of the mysterious prophecy to make a decision. What do you think?" Tan insists that the mystical prophecies are not classics of the Confucian school.Liu Xiu's patience finally reached its limit, and he roared: "Huan Tan slandered the saint and disturbed the national law. Come on, pull it down and cut it off." Huan Tan's soul flew out of the sky, hit the ground with his head, begging for forgiveness, blood flowed all over his face, It took a long time before Liu Xiu's anger subsided.Huan Tan was demoted to be the chief secretary (Cheng) of Lu'an County (Lu'an City, Anhui Province), and died on the way to his post. *Fan Ye said: Huan Tan was relegated to death because of his firm opposition to the mysterious prophecy.Zheng Xing also resolutely opposed the mysterious prophecy, but because he changed his rhetoric and his attitude was tactful, he was able to avoid catastrophe (refer to 31 years).However, Jia Kui used the mysterious prophecy to promote the romance and enjoy wealth (later when Liu Zhuang, the second emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jia Kui, according to the mysterious prophecy, proved that the royal family surnamed Liu was the descendant of Yiqi Fangxun, the emperor of Yao. I have great trust in Jia Kui's continuous promotion).It is sad that the king treats academics with this standard. Jia Kui was from Youfufeng (Xingping City, Shaanxi Province). 14. Shanyu (the 23rd term) of the Southern Huns Khanate (the king’s court established Meiji) passed away, and his younger brother Zuoxian King Suo Momo succeeded to the throne, and it was Qiufu Youdan Shanyu (the 24th term). 刘秀派使节监交单于印信，赏赐衣服、官帽以及绸缎，以后遂成惯例。 1、春季，正月八日，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）皇帝（一任光武帝）刘秀在首都洛阳北郊建立祭坛，祭祀后土神。 2、二月五日，刘秀在首都洛阳南宫前殿逝世，年六十二岁。刘秀每天早晨主持朝会，中午之后才散。不断接见三公（宰相、最高监察长、全国武装部队总司令）、部长级高级官员（卿）、初级禁卫官（郎）、将领（将），讨论五经，半夜才睡。皇太子刘庄看见老爹辛苦勤劳，不倦不怠，找个机会规劝说：“陛下有姒文命（禹）、子天乙（汤）那种圣明。可是，却没有姬轩辕（黄）、李耳（老）那种悠闲休养的福气。但愿您爱惜自己，优游岁月，自求宁静。”刘秀说：“我高兴做这些事，并不觉得辛苦。”虽然全靠武力取得政权，但等到全国统一、社会安定后，却不让有功的将领，掌握权柄，而另行选拔文官，主持政府。刘秀对自己的处境，有深刻而明确的了解，总其大成，观察时势，量力而为，不去做办不到的事。所以，才能恢复西汉王朝时的盛况，完成和平大业。 3、全国武装部队总司令（太尉）赵憙，负责治丧。当时，经过新王朝的巨变，旧有的典章制度全部无可查考。皇太子刘庄跟其他亲王，都同起同坐。封国的官员们出入宫廷，跟中央政府的官员没有分别。赵憙脸色严肃，手按剑柄，站在宫殿台阶之上，把所有亲王，都扶下来，使皇太子刘庄，独处殿中，用以显示尊卑。奏准：派皇家礼宾官（谒者）把封国的官员，全护送到别的县份。亲王则都回到各封国设在京师（洛阳）的宾馆（邸），而只在早上和下午入宫哭悼。秩序整齐，门禁森严，内外井井有条。 4、皇太子刘庄登基（年三十岁），尊皇后娘亲阴丽华为皇太后。 5、山阳王（首府昌邑）刘荆（刘庄同母弟弟），虽然也哭悼老爹（刘秀），但并不哀伤，反而写了一封匿名信，派他的仆人，假冒藩属事务部长（大鸿胪）郭况的家人，送给东海王（首府鲁县）刘彊（郭况是刘彊的舅父），信中强调刘彊无罪，却被贬谪，以及娘亲郭圣通也无罪，竟受到屈辱。建议刘彊在东方起兵，西上攻击中央政府，信上说：“高祖（西汉一任帝刘邦）起兵时，不过一个驿站站长。陛下（刘秀）在白水（舂陵县原名白水乡，今湖北省枣阳市南）僻壤，创立大业。何况大王（刘彊）是陛下的长子、原来的储君？大王应作秋天严霜，肃杀万物；莫作栅栏里的绵羊，任人宰割。人主猝然去世，小巷子里的无赖，都利用机会去当强盗，满足欲望，何况大王？”刘彊接信后，魂飞天外，逮捕送信的仆人，把原信封起，呈报新即帝位的刘庄。刘庄因刘荆是一母同胞的亲弟弟，只好列入最高机密，把这件事搁置，仅命刘荆出住河南宫（在今河南省洛阳市）。 6、三月五日，把刘秀安葬在原陵（河南省孟津县东北十四千米于家村）。 7、夏季，四月二十四日，刘庄下诏：“而今，在上没有天子（老爹刘秀），在下没有重臣，好像要渡过江河，却缺少舟船桨楫。皇帝的任务，至为沉重，年轻人思虑，往往轻率，实在需要年高德劭的长辈，给我帮助。高密侯邓禹，是功臣的领袖。东平王（首府无盐）刘苍，宽厚博学，而有谋略。兹任命邓禹当皇家师傅（太傅），刘苍当骠骑将军。”刘苍恳切推辞，刘庄不许。刘庄又下诏：骠骑将军设立骠骑将军府，任命秘书长（长史）、秘书（掾）、低级官员（史）等官员四十人。骠骑将军，位在三公之上（即位在宰相、最高监察长、全国武装部队总司令之上。这是一个畸形的机构，中央政府全在骠骑将军控制之下）。刘苍曾经保举人事秘书（西曹掾）、齐国（首府临淄）人吴良，刘庄说：“为国家推荐贤才，正是宰相的职责，当初萧何保举韩信，兴筑高台，即行任命，有什么考试（参考前二〇六年）？兹任命吴良当参议官（议郎）。” 8、当初，西羌（青海省东部）烧当部落（青海省贵德县以北一带）酋长滇良，击败先零部落，把先零部落逐出湟中（青海省东北部），而自己进驻。滇良逝世后，儿子滇吾继位，部众日趋强盛。秋季，滇吾跟老弟滇岸，率领部众，侵入陇西郡（甘肃省临洮县），在允街（甘肃省永登县南）击败郡长刘盱的郡政府部队。于是，沿边要塞边防军里的羌民族官兵，纷纷叛变。刘庄命皇家礼宾官（谒者）张鸿，征调各郡民兵攻击，在允吾（金城郡郡政府所在县·甘肃省永靖县西北）会战，张鸿大败，全军覆没。 冬季，十一月，刘庄再派皇家警卫指挥官（中郎将）窦固，监督捕虏将军马武等二位将军及国防军四万人讨伐。 9、本年，南匈奴汗国（王庭设美稷）丘浮尤鞮单于（二十四任）挛鞮莫逝世。老弟挛鞮汗继位，是为伊伐于虑鞮单于（二十五任）。 1、春季，正月，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）皇帝（二任明帝）刘庄（本年三十一岁）率中央政府高级官员，前往刘秀（一任光武帝）墓园（原陵·河南省孟津县东北于家村）祭拜，仪式跟刘秀在世时相同。刘庄先在供桌前行礼，礼毕，退下，到东厢落座。侍卫人员围列在供桌之后，由御厨房呈献膳食，祭祀部音乐官员奏乐。各郡、各封国呈送年终考绩的官员，依照顺序上前，面对刘秀牌位，在廊下报告各地粮食价格跟民间疾苦（为的是使刘秀灵魂，在冥冥中听到）。以后，遂成为正规仪式。 2、夏季，五月，皇家师傅（太傅）、高密侯（元侯）邓禹逝世。 3、东海（恭）王（首府鲁县）刘彊病重。刘庄派使节护送御医，乘政府驿马车，前往诊治，道途上络绎不绝。下诏：命沛王（首府相县）刘辅、济南王（首府东平陵）刘康、淮阳王（首府陈县）刘延，都到鲁县，榻前问候。 五月二十二日，刘彊逝世。临断气时，上书叩谢恩德，说：“我自己既然短命，孤儿寡妇更连累皇太后（阴丽华）、陛下（刘庄）忧虑，至为悲痛惭愧。我的儿子刘政，尚是一个幼童，如果命他继承我的爵位，恐怕不是保全他的办法。请求准许他回到原来的东海郡（山东省郯城县）。而今，天下突然发生巨变（指刘秀去世），唯盼望陛下，加倍供养皇太后，规劝勉强进餐。臣刘彊困顿愚劣，千言万语，不能尽意。特别感谢各位亲王，想不到永不能相见。” 刘庄看见遗书，悲恸不已，随着皇太后娘亲阴丽华，出城到津门亭（洛阳南城西头第一门，名津门。门外有亭，名津门亭），为刘彊举哀。命最高监察长（大司空）“持节”前往治丧。赏赐和赠送，都超过一般亲王。命楚王（首府彭城）刘英、赵王（首府邯郸）刘栩、北海王（首府剧县）刘兴以及留在首都洛阳的亲戚朋友，都到鲁县参加葬礼。刘庄追念刘彊谦恭节俭，不愿违背他的意思强行厚葬，于是再下特诏：“送终的衣服物件，一定要简单，衣裳能包住身体就够了，丧车用茅草覆盖，器具用陶瓦制成，一切都少于正常体制，用以展示大王特立独行的志节。”命工程总监（将作大匠）留在鲁县，为刘彊兴建墓园。 *Zhao Yi said: 隋王朝、唐王朝之后，皇太子一旦被罢黜，没有一个人能正常死亡。只有东汉王朝，全都保全性命。刘秀（东汉一任光武帝）已宣布刘彊当皇太子，后来，因刘彊娘亲皇后郭圣通被罢黜，刘彊内心不安，不断通过老爹左右，提出退让请求。刘秀才另立刘庄（刘阳）当皇太子，改封刘彊当东海王。刘秀因为刘彊并没有过失，所以扩大他的封国采邑，赏赐给他虎贲武士和骑兵仪仗，威严跟皇帝相等。刘彊前往封国后，屡屡请求让出多余的采邑，把首府迁回郯县（东海国首府，本在郯县，后因把鲁国并入，首府遂迁到鲁县），又通过皇太子刘庄，坚决辞让，刘秀都不允许。皇太子刘庄（东汉二任明帝）即位，刘彊卧病，刘庄派寝殿侍奉宦官（中常侍）、御医等诊治，并命沛王刘辅（刘彊同母亲弟）等，前往探视。逝世后，更用特别的荣耀安葬。 但东汉三任帝刘炟（音da），原立他的儿子刘庆当皇太子，因为窦皇后忌妒，诬陷他的娘亲宋贵人，遂把刘庆罢黜，降封清河王，改立另一个儿子刘肇当皇太子（参考八二年）。刘庆年纪虽小，却知道避嫌畏祸，老爹刘炟怜悯他，命他的衣服和其他礼数，跟皇太子相同，而刘肇也至为友爱，入宫同住在一个房间，出宫则共乘一辆车子。刘肇（东汉四任和帝）即位，对老哥（刘庆）尤其优待，而刘庆也小心翼翼，恭敬孝顺。自从被罢黜后，尤其恐惧不安，每次祭拜父亲（刘炟）坟墓，常常半夜即起，服装整齐，等待天晓。约束他的部属，不准跟其他亲王的车骑，并驾齐驱，或争夺道路。等到刘肇逝世（一〇五年），刘庆在灵柩前哀号哭泣，吐血数升。既前往封国，更下令官属，时时反省警戒，以免招引灾难。后来，他的儿子刘祜，继承帝位（东汉六任安帝），刘庆那时仍在人世，逝世后，追称孝德皇。 东汉六任帝（安帝）刘祜，已经封他的儿子刘保当皇太子，后来受到谗言陷害，降封济阴王。刘祜逝世，刘保因为被罢黜的缘故，不准到棺柩前哭悼，悲号过度，不进饮食，文武官员，都感到悲哀。阎皇后迎立北乡侯刘懿继承宝座（东汉七任少帝），刘保因为年纪还小，得以保全性命。刘懿不久逝世，宦官孙程等，迎接刘保即位（东汉八任顺帝）。 这些，都是己经当上皇太子，被罢黜之后仍然保全的例证。固然，刘庄、刘肇等仁慈友爱，而刘彊、刘庆等善于把握罢黜后的分寸，小心、恭敬、畏惧，才能泯灭嫌疑猜忌，免除祸害。同时，东汉四任帝（和帝）刘肇的长子平原王刘胜，本应当皇太子的，因痼疾而被摒弃。刘肇逝世后，皇后邓绥选立刘肇另一个儿子刘隆（东汉五任殇帝）。刘隆逝世，又选立刘肇侄儿刘祜（东汉六任安帝）。那时，刘胜仍在人世，也没有因为口发怨言，招取灾祸。 因为刘秀、刘庄、刘炟，都崇敬儒家学派的道理，子弟们孝顺父母、友爱兄弟，感染至深，所以没有骨肉之变。 按：西汉王朝九任帝（废帝）刘贺，后来被罢黜，改封海昏侯，仍然寿终，所以西汉王朝，也没有“杀废”之事。 4、秋季，七月，马武等攻击西羌（青海省东部）。烧当部落（青海省湟中一带）溃败，有的投降，有的逃散。 5、山阳王（首府昌邑）刘荆，私自聘请通晓天文星象的专家和法术师，跟他们研究讨论，希望天下发生变化。刘庄得到报告，改封刘荆当广陵王（首府广陵），命他前往封国（山阳国首府昌邑，与首都洛阳航空距离三百二十千米。广陵国首府广陵，与首都洛阳航空距离七百五十千米。使他远离首都，以防突袭）。 6、辽东郡（辽宁省辽阳市）郡长祭肜，派他的将领偏何，攻击赤山乌桓部落（河北省北部），大胜，斩乌桓酋长，塞外震恐。西自武威郡（甘肃省武威市），东到玄菟郡（辽宁省沈阳市），各蛮夷部落，都向东汉归附。广大的北方边疆，再没有烽火冲天，马蹄扬尘。于是，东汉政府把北方边防军全都撤销。 7、东平王（首府无盐）刘苍，认为汉王朝中兴三十余年（从东汉王朝建立时间起），四方安静，天下太平，应该重新制定礼教圣乐，遂跟政府高级官员，共同商议并决定：首都洛阳南郊祭天、北郊祭地时，官帽、马车、衣服等制度，以及一任帝（光武帝）刘秀祭庙所用的乐曲跟所用的八佾舞数目（佾，音yi。古代舞蹈时，纵横行列的人数都是一样的“方块队形”，称“佾”。八佾，纵横都是八人，共六十四人），呈报刘庄。 8、好畤侯（愍侯）耿弇逝世。 1、春季，正月十九日，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）政府在皇家大会堂（明堂）大规模祭祀一任帝（光武帝）刘秀。现任皇帝（二任明帝）刘庄（本年三十二岁）跟文武官员，以及部长级以上官员、侯爵，头戴特制的官帽（皇帝戴通天冠；王侯戴远游冠；三公、侯爵戴进贤冠，官帽上有三条竖梁；部长、国务官、宫廷秘书、研究官，官帽上有两条竖梁；千石以下到低级官吏，官帽上一条竖梁。皇帝平顶冠上有十二支旒穗，三公、部长、侯爵，平顶冠上有七支旒穗），身带特制的玉佩，参加典礼（皇帝佩白玉，王侯佩黑玉，国务官佩苍玉，爵位继承人佩瑜玉），典礼完成后，刘庄登上御用天文台（灵台），观察天象。赦天下。 2、三月，刘庄前往国立大学（辟雍），第一次行“大射礼”（《仪礼》说：君王在祭祀之前，用比赛射箭的方法，选择贤才，陪同献祭。有虎靶、熊靶、豹靶）。 冬季，十月五日，刘庄再前往国立大学，第一次行“养老礼”。任命李躬当“三老”，桓荣当“五更”（古代君王，设立“三老”“五更”，用尊敬父兄的礼数，尊敬他们。郑康成注《礼记》，指出：他们深知三德：“正直”、“刚毅”、“柔顺”；又能精通五事：“容貌”、“言论”、“观察”、“广听”、“思考”。用现代语文解释，“三老”“五更”，即国家元老）。“三老”穿麻布大袍，戴进贤冠（前高七寸，后高三寸，长八寸），手扶玉杖（手杖的上端，镶嵌一个玉石雕刻的斑鸠。据说，斑鸠是一种不会噎食的鸟类，用以祝福老人良于进餐）。“五更”和“三老”的装束一样，只没有玉杖。 刘庄进入国立大学，直到“礼殿”，坐在东厢，派使节用安车（有座位的马车）迎接“三老”“五更”前来讲堂。刘庄亲自到门口屏风那里迎接，行过君臣之礼。刘庄在前引导，先到东阶；“三老”径走西阶（《仪礼》：古代宾主相会，宾客自西登阶，主人在东迎见），既到西阶，刘庄依礼作揖。“三老”上了台阶，面向东方（面向主位）而坐。由三公（宰相、最高监察长、全国武装部队总司令）摆上桌案，部长级高级官员（九卿）把木屐放妥，刘庄亲自卷起袖子，分割祭肉，连同甜酱，一并送到“三老”面前，举起酒杯敬酒，祝福老人身体健康，咽喉不受鱼刺伤害，食道不患难咽的疾病。 接待“五更”的礼仪，跟“三老”相同，也面向东方而坐，由三公摆上桌案。典礼完成后，引导桓荣跟他的学生升堂。刘庄亲自讲解，儒家学派专家学者，手拿经典，提出疑难。 这是一项盛大的集会，知识分子和其他官员，环绕着大学四门护城河桥头瞻仰的，有亿万人（国立大学有四个大门，大门外有护城河环绕一周，用以防止闲杂人等进入）。于是，刘庄下诏，封桓荣关内侯（《通鉴考异》说：此处可能漏列李躬。独封桓荣，于情理相违。但《后汉书·明帝本纪》及《桓荣传》都是如此，只好存疑）。 “三老”“五更”都支二千石终身俸禄。刘庄更赏赐各郡、各县所有乡村教育官（三老）：每人酒一石、肉四十斤。 刘庄当太子的时候，向桓荣学习《尚书》。继任皇帝之后，仍用尊奉师傅的礼节，尊奉桓荣。有一次，刘庄前往祭祀部（太常府），命桓荣坐在东面（主位），摆下桌案手杖，集合文武官员跟桓荣的学生，有数百人。刘庄亲自拿着经书听讲，学生们有的离开座位（表示尊敬惶恐），向刘庄请求指示困惑。刘庄谦虚说：“有老师在座，我怎能讲解？”结束后，刘庄把御厨房（太官）当天的供应器具，全送到桓荣家。 桓荣每次患病，刘庄都派使节问候，御厨房送的饮食跟御医（太医）们在道路上前后相望。后来，桓荣病重，上书谢恩，奉还爵位采邑。刘庄亲自探望，一到巷口，就教御车停下，手拿经书，徒步一直走到病榻之前，抚摸桓荣枯瘦的病体，流泪泣涕。赏赐给床褥、帷帐、刀剑、衣服、被子，坐了很久才走。以后前来探病的侯爵、将领、国务官（大夫）等，没有人敢坐车坐到门口，都远远下车，步行到病榻前拜见。 桓荣逝世，刘庄改穿丧服，亲自送葬，在首山（河南省偃师县西北首阳山）的南麓，由政府拨出一块墓地。桓荣的儿子桓郁，当继承爵位，桓郁让给老哥的儿子桓汎，刘庄不准。桓郁受封后，把田赋收入，全给桓汎。 刘庄任命桓郁当宫廷随从（侍中）。 3、刘庄考虑到，中山王（首府卢奴）刘焉，是被罢黜的郭圣通太后生的最小儿子；刘庄娘亲、现任皇太后阴丽华，特别喜欢他，所以，一直把他留在首都洛阳。直到本年，才命他跟其他亲王同时前往各人的封国。特别赏赐给刘焉：虎贲警卫武士、护驾骑兵（外籍兵团骑兵一百人），关切和宠爱，超过其他亲王，并特别准许刘焉可以随时前来京师（亲王进京，一定要事先请准）。 刘庄对待郭圣通太后生的儿子跟对待娘亲阴丽华生的儿子，一律平等。亲王们不断接到赏赐，恩德厚重。 4、十月十七日，刘庄前往长安（陕西省西安市）。 十一月七日，刘庄派使节到萧何、霍光墓园（萧何墓在陕西省咸阳市东北二十三千米徐家寨；霍光墓在陕西省兴平市东西吴乡陈家村，茂陵东），用中牢祭祀（“中牢”，也就是“少牢”，一只羊、一头猪），刘庄每次经过他们墓园，都在车上俯身致敬。从长安再往河东郡（山西省夏县）。 十一月二十六日，返回首都洛阳。 5