Chapter 9 1940s (40149)

1. In spring and February, a woman from Jiaozhi County (northeast of Hanoi, Vietnam) Zhengbian and her younger sister Zhengbian gathered people to fight against the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital Luoyang).The barbarians in Jiuzhen County (Thanh Hoa City, Vietnam), Rinan County (Donghe County, Vietnam), Hepu Shao (Northeast of Hepu County, Guangxi) and other counties responded one after another, occupying a total of 65 counties.Zheng Fang claimed to be the king and established his capital in Quling (30 kilometers northwest of Hanoi, Vietnam).The governor of Jiaozhi (the governor) and the chiefs of the counties closed their cities and defended themselves, unable to fight back.

2. On March 30, a solar eclipse. 3. In autumn and September, Zhang Ji, the special mayor of the capital Luoyang (Henan Yin), and more than a dozen other county chiefs were accused of fraudulent surveying of farmland, arrested, imprisoned, and all executed.Later, Liu Xiu (45 years old), the Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the first Emperor of Guangwu), said to Ma Yuan, the commander of the Huben guard (General of Huben Zhonglang): "I regret killing so many county chiefs and prime ministers. Ma Yuan replied, "As long as you commit a crime that deserves death, you should be killed. What's the point? It's just that after death, people can't be resurrected." Liu Xiu laughed.

4. The mutineers in various counties and feudal states continued to rise. When the county government or county government sent troops to recruit troops, the mutated people dispersed in a herd.After the army has gone, we will gather again.The four prefectures of Qingzhou (northern Shandong Province), Xuzhou (northern Jiangsu Province), Youzhou (northern Hebei Province and Liaoning Province), and Jizhou (southern central Hebei Province) are particularly serious. In winter, in October, the Eastern Han government sent envoys to various counties and feudal states to encourage mob groups to report and attack each other: if five people kill one person, the five people will be exonerated immediately.Officials who are timid, linger, evade, or deliberately indulge the thieves will not be held accountable, but they will only be charged with making meritorious service in suppressing the bandits.The heads of the local governments of all counties and feudal states, whether they are full-power governors, county chiefs, or county chiefs, who are accused of thieves in the territory but do not arrest them, or are cowardly and timid, and abandon their duties, will not be punished at all, but will only examine future work performance. Who catches the most?Who caught the least?Only those who hide and cover criminals will be punished.

As a result, the Bianmin group internally strife, and the officials tried their best to suppress them, and the Bianmin group collapsed one after another.The Eastern Han government moved some of the leaders of the mutated people to other counties, allocated land to them, and distributed seeds so that they could produce with peace of mind.From then on, the grazing cattle and horses do not have to go back to the stables at night, and the gates of the city are no longer closed at night (Shengping scene). 5. Han Emperor Lu Fang (Liu Wenbo), who was based in Gaoliu (the county where Daijun County Government is located in Yanggao County, Shanxi Province), and his general Min Kan sent people to the capital Luoyang to request surrender.Liu Xiu accepted, made Lu Fang the contemporary king (the capital Yanggao), appointed Min Kan the prime minister of the contemporary country, and rewarded them with 20,000 pieces of silk and satin, so that they could prevent the Huns from invading southward.Lu Fang wrote a letter of thanks, claiming that she missed the royal palace and asked to enter the court.Liu Xiu replied with an imperial edict: Come to the capital Luoyang in the first month of next year (April 1).

At first, the Huns Khanate (the king’s court was located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) knew that the Eastern Han Dynasty had used a huge bounty to arrest Lu Fang, hoping to get a generous reward, so they sent Lu Fang back and taught him to surrender.Unexpectedly, Lu Fang changed his mind, insisting that his surrender was his own initiative, and kept silent about the original intention of the Huns.The Xiongnu Hudu and the dead road Gao Ruotan Shanyu (twenty-year-old) concubine Yu, and he couldn't tell his own tricks, so he couldn't get rewards.So the old shame turned into anger, and the attack on the border of the Eastern Han Dynasty deepened.

6. Ma Yuan, the commander of the Huben guards in the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote a letter suggesting that the five baht coins used in the Western Han Dynasty should be restored (in nine years, the new dynasty government abolished the five baht coins).Liu Xiu adopted it, and the people felt it was convenient. 7. Lu Fang entered the court and arrived in Changping (South of Changping County, Beijing).Liu Xiu ordered him to stop and wait until next year (April 1). 1. In spring, the first month of the lunar year, Zhao Gong (Xiao Gong) Liu Liang (Uncle Liu Xiu) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Luoyang) passed away.

At the beginning, the two grandsons of Li Zichun, a wealthy family in Huai County (the county where Hanoi County Government is located, Wuzhi County, Henan Province), murdered people.Zhao Xi (sound xi), the magistrate of Huai County, investigated deeply and finally found the real culprit. Two grandchildren committed suicide; therefore, Li Zichun was arrested.Dozens of distinguished royal relatives and relatives in Luoyang, the capital, interceded for Li Zichun, but Zhao Xun refused all of them.When Liu Liang became seriously ill, Liu Xiu (46 years old this year), Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the first Guangwu Emperor), visited the sick bed in person and asked what he had to explain.Liu Liang said: "I have a deep relationship with Li Zichun. Now that Li Zichun committed a crime, Zhao Xi, the magistrate of Huai County, must kill him. Please spare Li Zichun's life." Liu Xiu said: "Local officials, enforce the law. , can’t be destroyed, please tell me to do something else!” Liu Liang stopped talking.After Liu Liang's death, Liu Xiu commemorated the uncle who raised him since he was a child, pardoned Li Zichun from prison, and promoted Zhao Xun to be the governor of Pingyuan County (Pingyuan County, Shandong Province).

Bo Yang said: Whoever breaks the law is a law enforcer.Ordinary people, try to touch the law?Either death or injury.Only those big and small who hold power can destroy the trial rule and have the power to destroy the people's confidence in the law. Liu Liang was the number one leader at the time, second only to the Supreme Emperor in honor. Under such a powerful power, Zhao Wei refused to give in, and the pressure he endured was no less than that of Guan Gao who was tortured (refer to ).We do not emphasize that he is more difficult to support than Guan Gao, but at least they are all equally difficult to support.Zhao Xi was the first hero in China to fight for the rule of law.Although Liu Xiu pardoned Li Zichun in the end, so that the good governance would not end, Zhao Xun tried his best, but he couldn't resist the feudal family relationship of father and son.What's more, Li Zichun's two grandsons have already paid the price with their lives.

The most terrifying thing in the world is a character like Liu Liang.Without this regime, he would have no glory and wealth.However, he has worked hard to undermine the legal system that protects the regime. 2. On February 30th, a solar eclipse. 3. In summer, on April 2, Liu Xiu went to Zhangling (south of Zaoyang City, Hubei Province). On May 21, Liu Xiu returned to the capital Luoyang. 4. On June 29, Linhuai Duke (Huai Gong) Liu Heng (son of Liu Xiu) passed away. 5. Li Guang, the leader of the Bianmin, captured Wan County (Qianshan County, Anhui Province).The Eastern Han government sent Ma Yuan, the commander of the Huben guard (General Huben Zhonglang), and Duan Zhi, the general of Hussars, to crusade.

In autumn and September, Wan County was attacked and Li Guang was beheaded. 6. Liu Xiuzheng's wife, Queen Guo Shengtong, complained constantly to Liu Xiu because she fell out of favor, which made Liu Xiu furious. In winter, on October 19th, Liu Xiu deposed Guo Shengtong; changed his concubine (nobility) Yin Lihua to be the queen.An imperial edict said: "This is an extraordinary event, not a blessing for the country, and you are not allowed to celebrate and bless." Zhi Yun (refer to 37 years) said to Liu Xiujin: "I heard: the personal relationship between husband and wife, even when A father can't discipline his son, let alone a subject, how can he persuade the king? Therefore, I dare not make any suggestions. However, I ask your majesty to deal with it properly, so that the world will not make people talk about it!" Liu Xiu said: "Zhi Yun The person who is the most able to push myself and others, should know that I will never lose my sense of proportion and despise the reactions of the people in the world."

Liu Xiu named Youyi Gong, the son of Guo Shengtongsheng, Liu Fu Zhongshan King (capital Lunu), and merged Changshan County (Yuanshi County, Hebei Province) into Zhongshan Kingdom.Guo Shengtong was granted the title of Empress Dowager Zhongshan.The other nine princes were all promoted from duke to king. 7. On October 22, Liu Xiu went to Zhangling to renovate his father's cemetery to worship the temple, worship at the old residence, and inspect the fields and farmhouses.Set up a banquet, entertain relatives, and give out rewards.Liu Xiu's senior aunts, aunts, aunts, and aunts were drunk and said to each other: "Uncle Wen (nickname for Liu Xiu) was cautious when he was young, and he was never perfunctory with others. He was just straightforward and gentle. I never thought he would be like this today." When Liu Xiu heard this, he laughed and said, "I govern the world by being straightforward and gentle." In December, Liu Xiu returned to the capital (the capital Luoyang) from Zhangling. 8. This year, Shache King (Xinjiang Shache County) Xian (surname unknown) of the Western Regions (Xinjiang and Eastern Central Asia) sent envoys to Luoyang to pay tribute, requesting the Eastern Han Dynasty to restore the Governor (Guardian) of the Western Regions.Liu Xiu awarded Xian the seal of the governor of the Western Regions, as well as vehicles, flags, gold, and silk.Pei Zun, the magistrate of Dunhuang County (Dunhuang City, Gansu Province), wrote a letter warning: "For the barbarians and the Didi, you cannot grant them great power, otherwise, you will disappoint other countries." Seal of "General Han".The envoy of Shache refused to return it, so Pei Zun took it by force. Shache Wang Xian had a feeling of being teased and had a bad feeling for the Eastern Han Dynasty.But he still announced you that he was the governor of the Western Regions, and notified all countries, and all countries joined him one after another. 9. The Xiongnu Khanate (the royal court is located in Harhelin City, Mongolia), the Xianbei tribe (in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, at the western foot of the Xing'an Mountains), and the Chishan Wuhuan tribe (in the upper reaches of the Luan River in the northern part of Hebei Province), united to continuously attack the frontier fortresses and plunder the Eastern Han Dynasty official people.The government of the Eastern Han Dynasty appointed Jixu, the magistrate of Xiangben (Changcheng Town, southeast of Cangshan County, Shandong Province), as the magistrate of Liaodong County (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province).Jixun was brave and powerful, and the barbarians invaded repeatedly. Every time Jixun took the lead and repelled the opponent.Ji Xun is Ji Zun's cousin (Ji Zun, refer to February 24). 10. Cochin Prefecture (Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam) and other rebel groups have been fighting for years and cannot be subdued.The Eastern Han government officially ordered Changsha County (Changsha City, Hunan Province), Hepu County (northeast of Hepu County, Guangxi Province), Jiaozhi County (Northeast of Hanoi City, Vietnam) and other counties to prepare vehicles and ships, build bridges, dig roads, and store grain and fodder. Appoint Ma Yuan as General Fubo, and Fulehou Liu Long as Ma Yuan's deputy general, and lead the army to the south to crusade against the levy side. 1. In February, Shi Xin, the militia commander (guard) of Shu County (Chengdu, Sichuan Province) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Luoyang) rebelled and attacked the county magistrate Zhang Mu. Zhang Mu fled the city, and Shi Xin then occupied Chengdu (where the government of Shu County is located county).Yang Wei from Dangqu (Sanhui Town, Northeast of Qu County, Sichuan Province) raised troops to respond to Shi Xin. Emperor Liu Xiu (forty-seven years old this year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the first Guangwu Emperor) ordered Wu Han, the supreme commander of the national armed forces (Da Sima) and others, to lead more than 10,000 people to crusade. 2. On the day of Jiayin in February (Xinyoushuo in February, there is no Jiayin), Liu Xiu went to Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province). In March, go to Puban (Yongji County, Shanxi Province) to offer sacrifices to the Houtu God Altar (the altar is in Fenyin). 3. General Fubo Ma Yuan advanced along the northern bend to Jiaozhi County (Bei Ninh Prefecture, northeast of Hanoi City, Vietnam), cleared the road, built a bridge when encountering water, marched for more than 1,000 li, and arrived at Langbo (unknown today, it should be In the northern border of Vietnam), he fought against the leader of the Bianmin group, Zheng Fang, etc., and defeated the Bianmin group, and Zheng Fang fled.Ma Yuan pursued to Banxi (Qiujiang River, which originates from the west of Beijiao County, Vietnam, flows through the northern suburbs of Hanoi City, and flows into the Beibu Gulf), and the troops on the side of the levy collapsed. 4. In summer, on April 15th, Liu Xiu returned to the capital Luoyang. 5. On Wushen Day in April (Gengshenshuo in April, there is no Wushen), Liu Xiu went to Hanoi County (Wuzhi County, Henan Province). On April 29, Liu Xiu returned to the capital Luoyang. 6. In May, drought. 7. Dai Wang (capital Gaoliu) Lu Fang (Liu Wenbo), since the Eastern Han government delayed his date of entering the dynasty (refer to 40 years), after returning from Changping (South of Changping County, Beijing), he was uncertain and fearful.So, they rebelled again and attacked each other with Min Kan, the prime minister appointed by the Eastern Han Dynasty, and fought for several months.The Huns Khanate (the royal court is located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) sent hundreds of cavalry to welcome Lu Fang out of the fortress and return to the Huns.Lu Fang stayed in the Huns ever since, and died of illness more than ten years later. 8. Wu Han, the supreme commander of the national armed forces (Da Sima), recruited the armed forces of Guanghan County (Zitong County, Sichuan Province), Shu County (Chengdu City, Sichuan Province), and Ba County (Chongqing City), and besieged Chengdu (Shu County) The county where the county government is located), which lasted more than 100 days. In autumn and July, the city was broken, and Shi Xin was beheaded.The army of Wu and Han took rafts and went down the river (I don't know if it was the Fujiang or the Minjiang) and went straight to Berkshire.Yang Wei and others panicked, and the tribe disbanded.Wu Han killed several important leaders, and moved hundreds of other important party members to Nanjun (Jiangling County, Hubei Province) and Changsha County (Changsha City, Hunan Province) collectively, and then became teachers. 9. In winter, on October 24th, Liu Xiu went to Yicheng (Yicheng County, Hubei Province). On the way back, he went to Zhangling (South of Zaoyang City, Hubei Province) to worship his father and ancestors. In December, Liu Xiu returned to the capital Luoyang. 10. This year, the full-power governors (shepherds) of each state will be revoked, and the original governor (inspector) system will be changed back Liu Ao, abolished the prefect and re-established the prefect. Five years ago, Liu Xin, the thirteenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, abolished the prefect and re-established the prefect. The year before, the prefect was abolished and the prefect was re-established. This year, the prefect was abolished, Restoration of the assassin). 11. Zhang Chun, the senior royal guard commander (general of the five senses), and Zhu Fu, the Minister of Communications (emperor servant), jointly stated: "The etiquette stipulates that if you are someone's son, you should respect Da Zong and degrade your relatives. Parents. Now, the four sacrificial temples of His Majesty Zhangling's father and ancestors should be removed, and His Majesty should be included in the "Dazong" system. Rebuild the sacrificial temples of the four emperors before His Majesty ascended the throne." Prime Minister (Da Situ) Dai She and others reported, please build The eleventh emperor (Yuandi) Liu Shi, the twelfth emperor (Chengdi) Liu Ao, the thirteenth emperor (Aidi) Liu Xin, and the fourteenth emperor (Pingdi) Liu Jizi of the Western Han Dynasty had four temples. Liu Xiu believes that according to seniority, he is the nephew of Liu Shi, the eleventh emperor (Emperor Yuan), and should be Liu Shi's heir. 1. In spring, on the 15th day of the first lunar month, Liu Xiu (the first Emperor Guangwu) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital Luoyang) named Liu Bingji, the tenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (Xuandi), the sacrificial temple of Zhongzong.In the group of royal sacrificial temples (taimiao) in Luoyang, the capital, additional temples were built for the eighth emperor (Zhaodi) Liu Fuling and the eleventh emperor (Yuandi) Liu Shi in the Western Han Dynasty.In the group of royal sacrificial temples in Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), the western capital, there are three additional temples for the twelfth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (Chengdi), Liu Ao, the thirteenth emperor (Aidi) Liu Xin, and the fourteenth emperor (Pingdi) Liu Jizi.In Chongling (that is, Zhangling · South of Zaoyang City, Hubei Province) the sacrificial temple (Zhangling) group, the sacrificial temple of Liu Xiu's father Liu Qin remains the same.The sacrificial temple groups in Chang'an and Zhangling were all maintained and presided over by the local county chief (prefect) and county chief (ling, chief). 2. General Fubo Ma Yuan of Nanzheng Jiaozhi County (Northeast of Hanoi City, Vietnam), Ma Yuan, beheaded the female leaders of the Bianmin Group, Zhengbian and Zhenger sisters. 3. Shanchen and Fu Zhen, the leaders of the former Wucheng (Yuanyang County, Henan Province), gathered together and captured the original Wucheng, calling themselves "generals". Liu Xiu ordered Zang Gong, a middle-level state official (Taizhong doctor), to lead his army to surround Yuanwu City and launched several attacks, but they were unable to capture it, and the soldiers suffered many casualties instead.Liu Xiu summoned Wang Jue, Marquis and senior government officials above the ministerial level to inquire about the strategy.Everyone unanimously advocated: "The reward should be increased." Only the prince Donghai King (the capital of Tanxian County) Liu Yang expressed dissent, saying: "This group of people cannot last long under the abduction of demons and wizards, and there must be some people who regret and want to escape. , because the siege was too urgent and had to resist. If the government relaxes a little bit, they have a chance to break up, and once they break up, a village chief will be enough to deal with it." Liu Xiu thought it was reasonable and ordered Zang Gong to withdraw from the siege.The Bianmin group disintegrated and fled for their lives in all directions. In summer, in April, the government army recaptured the original Wucheng, beheaded Shanchen, Fuzhen and others. 4. Ma Yuan continued to attack Du Duong, the remaining party on the Zheng side, and chased them to Jufeng (north of Thanh Hoa City, Vietnam), where Du Duong and others surrendered.The Lingnan (south of the Nanling) area was completely pacified.Ma Yuan re-emphasized the inherent regulations to the natives of the former Nanyue Kingdom (south of Nanling and northern Vietnam), and agreed to abide by them together.Since then, the natives of South Vietnam have always followed Ma Yuan's regulations. 5. On the twenty-fifth day of the fourth lunar month, Liu Xiu promoted Zhao Gong Liu Xu, Qi Gong Liu Zhang, and Lu Gong Liu Xing to be kings (Liu Xu was named King Zhao, Liu Zhang was named King Qi, and Liu Xing was named King Lu king). 6. Since Queen Guo Shengtong was deposed (refer to April 1941), the crown prince Liu Qiang, who was born to Guo Shengtong, was full of fear and could not be at ease.Zhi Yun suggested: "Sitting in an unstable seat for a long time will embarrass the father and violate filial piety. If you keep procrastinating, it may arouse dangerous reactions. It is better to resign from the crown prince, retreat to the position of prince, and concentrate on serving your mother." "Liu Qiang accepted the advice.Please ask my father to control his cronies and other princes, to express his sincerity to my father, and to retire to the vassal of the feudal state.After deposing his mother, Liu Xiu couldn't bear to depose her son, so he hesitated for several years.The current queen, Yin Lihua, has her own son, so she has to settle it. On June 26th, Liu Xiu issued an edict: "The principle of "Spring and Autumn" is that when choosing an heir, the standard of noble birth should be taken as the standard ("Chunqiu Gongyang Zhuan": "Establishing a son is not based on virtue, and establishing a son is based on nobleness and not on elders. The mother is more valuable than the son, and the son is more valuable than the mother, and the mother is more valuable than the son"). Liu Yang, the king of the East China Sea, born to the queen (Yin Lihua), should inherit the throne. The crown prince Liu Qiang is resolutely humble and willing to retire as a vassal. The relationship between father and son , I don’t want to force him too much. I hereby change Liu Qiang to be the King of the East China Sea (the capital of Tan County), and Liu Yang to be the crown prince, and Liu Yang will be renamed Liu Zhuang.” Yuan Hong said: The reason why the country set up a prince is to respect orthodoxy and maintain the hearts of the people.Unless there is a heinous crime known to the world, it cannot be changed.Liu Xiu's great cause of rejuvenating the Han Dynasty should follow the tradition and set an example for future generations to follow.Now, Liu Qiang's moral character is not in debt.It was a wrong measure for Liu Xiu to love too much on the bed, so that the eldest son lost his rightful position.Fortunately, Liu Qiang demoted the prince, and the virtue of humility and respect is more obvious.Liu Yang (Liu Zhuang) inherited the Datong, and the brotherhood is even more intimate.Although the senior and the young change positions, one rises up and the other relegates, but the relationship between father and son brothers is strong and there is no gap.Even if we use the method of three generations (Xia, Shang, Zhou) to deal with it, it will not be better than this. (Yuan Hong, refer to July 356) Bo Yang said: If the three generations were used to deal with it, it would be bloody. In order to seize the heir, Ji Li actually forced his brother Wu Taibo to flee into the wilderness. 7. Liu Xiu appointed Prince Liu Yang (Liu Zhuang)'s uncle, Yin Shi, to act as the commander of the capital's Luoyang Garrison (Zhi Jinwu), and another uncle, Yin Xing, to be the commander of the Imperial City Security (Wei Wei) to assist Liu Yang. Yin Zhi has a loyal personality, although he speaks uprightly in the palace, but when he is with his followers, he never talks about state affairs.Liu Xiu respected him very much, and often used him as an example, admonishing his left and right, as well as the emperor's relatives and relatives, and encouraging them to follow suit. Although Yin Xing was courteous and virtuous, and had a lively family court, there were never any heroes among the diners.With Zhang Zong from the same county (Nanyang County), and Xianyu Bing (Xianyu, double surname) from Shanggu County (Huailai County, Hebei Province), the relationship has always been bad.But knowing the strengths of the two, he still praised their strengths and recommended them to be officials.Old friends Zhang Si, Du Qin and Yin Xing have always been very close friends. Yin Xing knows that they can only talk big and have no talent, so he only helps them with money, but does not introduce them to the government.The world praises Yin Xing's loyalty and never harms justice with his personal likes and dislikes. Liu Xiu appointed Huan Rong, a native of Peiguo (the capital of Xiangxian County), as a councilor (Yilang), and ordered him to teach the five classics of the Confucian school of Prince Liu Yang.Liu Xiu once personally inspected the National University (Taixue), gathered the five classics research officers (Wujing doctor), exchanged opinions in front of him, and discussed and questioned each other.Huan Rong has a profound understanding of the essence of Confucian school classics, and every time he uses rich content to impress everyone, instead of relying on sharp words to overwhelm his opponents.None of the other Confucian intellectuals could keep up with him, so Liu Xiu rewarded him very generously. Liu Xiu ordered the students to knock on the pan (sound qing) and sing the Songs of Songs stipulated by the Confucian school, from morning to night, before it came to an end. Liu Xiu also ordered Zhong Xing, the commander of the left wing of the royal guard (General Zuo Zhonglang), from Runan County (Northwest Sheqiao Township, Pingyu County, Henan Province), to teach Prince Liu Zhuang (Liu Yang), royal princes and marquises "Spring and Autumn" .Liu Xiu wanted to confer the title of Marquis of Guannei on Zhongxing (the descendant of the quasi-marquis), but Zhongxing refused to accept it, claiming that he had no merit.Liu Xiu said: "Sir, teaching the prince (Liu Zhuang) and the prince and Marquis, is it not a great achievement?" Zhong Xing said: "My knowledge comes from my teacher, the minister of court supply (the Shaofu) Ding Gong." Liu Xiu then named Ding Gong Marquis of Guannei.But Zhong Xing resolutely refused and finally refused to accept it. 8. Dong Xuan, a native of Chenliu County (Chenliu Town, southeast of Kaifeng City, Henan Province), served as the county magistrate of Luoyang (the county where the capital is located).The slave of Liu Xiu's sister Liu Huang, the princess of Huyang, relied on her power to kill people during the day and hid in Liu Huang's house, unable to be arrested.Later, when Liu Huang went out, he took the slave to accompany him in the car. Dong Xuan waited at the Wanshou Pavilion outside Xiamen (the first gate in the north and west of Luoyang City), stopped the princess's convoy, and demanded that the slave be arrested.Liu Huang refused, Dong Xuan drew the ground with a saber, and loudly criticized Liu Huang's mistakes. Right in front of Liu Huang, he ordered the servants to get off the car and executed them on the spot. Embarrassed and angry, Liu Huang went to the palace and cried to her brother that she was bullied by a local official.Like an explosion, Liu Xiu summoned Dong Xuan and prepared to beat him to death with sticks.Dong Xuan kowtowed and said: "Please allow me to say a word before I die." Liu Xiu said: "What words?" Dong Xuan said: "Your Majesty accomplished the great cause of ZTE with noble kindness, but indulged domestic slaves and killed people in broad daylight. How can I govern the world? I don’t need to mess around with sticks, so I just kill myself.” He slammed his head against the pillar of the house, blood streaming down his face.Liu Xiu's anger calmed down a little, and the eunuch (Xiao Huangmen), the personal servant of the forbidden palace, stopped him, but asked him to kowtow to Liu Huang to express his apology.Dong Xuan refused, Liu Xiu ordered someone to forcefully press his neck, Dong Xuan supported the ground with both hands, and vowed not to bow his head.Liu Huang called out to Liu Xiu: "When you were a commoner, you hid fugitives, and the officials didn't even dare to go to the gate. Now that you are the emperor, can a county magistrate not control you?" This is the difference between the Son of Heaven and the ordinary people." So he ordered: "The hard-necked county magistrate, get out!" Dong Xuan was rewarded with 300,000 yuan, and Dong Xuan distributed all of it to his officials.Because of Dong Xuan's boldness and unafraid of the mighty Liang, the royal relatives and relatives of the capital (the capital Luoyang) were all terrified. Bo Yang said: If it wasn't for Dong Xuan's moral courage, wouldn't the innocent soul who was killed by the rich family slave in the daytime die in vain?If Liu Xiu hadn't woken up at the end, wouldn't Dong Xuan, the indomitable judge, have died in vain under the chaos?In this "Strength Order (Hard Neck County Magistrate)" story that has been passed down for thousands of years, murderous intentions are ambush at every step.When a link disintegrates, it becomes a tragedy. This is the reason why "rule of man" will inevitably fail. Officials like Dong Xuan are rare, and leaders like Liu Xiu are even more rare.However, there are more shrews like Liu Huang and house slaves who are arrogant than donkeys. 9. On September 21, Liu Xiu went to Nanyang County (Nanyang City, Henan Province), and then went to Runan County, where he stayed in the Nandun (Xiangcheng County, Henan Province) official residence (Liu Xiu's father, Liu Qin, was once a Nandun county magistrate).A big banquet was held, officials and civilians were rewarded, and the land rent of the whole county was exempted for one year.The elders came forward to kowtow and beg, saying: "Huang Kao (Liu Xiu's father) has been in this county for a long time, and His Majesty is also familiar with the government offices in this county. Every time the grand master comes, he will bestow grace. The county land is rented for ten years." Liu Xiu said: "The emperor's throne is the most important thing in the world, and I am often afraid that I will not be able to do it. One day is one day, how dare I push it to ten years?" Everyone said: "Your Majesty is humble. It’s nothing more than a small weapon.” Liu Xiu couldn’t help laughing.So, add a year.Then, go to Huaiyang State (the capital of Chen County), Liang County (Shangqiu County, Henan Province), and Pei County (Huaibei City, Anhui Province). 10. The Dongcan tribe (in Yizhou County) rebelled and killed local government officials. Liu Xiu ordered Wuwei general Liu Shang to attack.Liu Shang's army passed by Yuelu County (Xichang City, Sichuan Province). King Rengui of Qionglu (refer to October 35) was afraid that once Liu Shang put down the southern rebellion, the power and decrees of the central government would inevitably follow into the frontier, and he would not be able to continue in the frontier. In his independent kingdom, he is domineering and does whatever he wants.So the armed forces were assembled, the ambush was properly prepared, and then a large amount of poisoned wine was brewed to prepare for the attack after the central army was poisoned. Liu Shang received the secret report and sent a surprise army to attack Qiongdu (the county where the county government of Yueluan County is located, Xichang City, Sichuan Province), and then attacked Ren Gui, captured and executed him (Ren Gui, who ruled Yueluan County since 16, Eight years, died this year). 1. In spring, on February 10th, the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital Luoyang) (the first Emperor Guangwu) Liu Xiu (forty-nine years old this year) returned to the capital Luoyang. 2. In summer, on April 3rd, Prime Minister (Da Situ) Dai She was accused of intentionally framing Xi She, the manager of the Royal Warehouse (Taicang Order), and was imprisoned and executed. Liu Xiu believed that the positions of the three officials (the prime minister, the supreme commander of the national armed forces, and the supreme supervisor) should not overlap, so he ordered Dou Rong to be removed from the position of the supreme supervisor (Da Sikong). 3. Wu Han, the Supreme Commander of the National Armed Forces (Da Sima), Marquis of Guangping (Marquis of Zhong), is seriously ill.Liu Xiu went to visit him personally and asked him about his last words.Wu Han said: "I am ignorant and have little knowledge, but I hope that Your Majesty will be very careful not to forgive criminals." On May 4th, Wu Han passed away.Liu Xiuming was buried in a grand manner, and the etiquette was exactly the same as that of Huo Guang, the supreme commander (general) of the country (refer to the first six or eight years). Wu Han was strong and powerful, and every time he followed Liu Xiu to go out to battle, if Liu Xiu hadn't settled down yet, he would carefully stand aside.When the other generals found out that the situation was unfavorable, many of them panicked and couldn't maintain their normal demeanor.It's just that Wu Han's expression is the same as usual, and he maintains his weapons more to boost morale.Why did Liu Xiu send someone to see the Supreme Commander (Wu Han)?The report said: Attack equipment is being refurbished.Liu Xiu sighed and said: "Wu Han's behavior is satisfying. He can fight against a country by himself." Every time Wu Han sent troops, he received orders in the morning and set out on the journey in the evening, so he had no time to pack up.When working in the central government, be cautious, inner enrichment and external cultivation are manifested in behavior.Wu Han once set off for an expedition, and his wife bought land in the rear.When Wu Han came back, he scolded her and said, "The army is away and the officers and soldiers are poor. Why do we buy so many land and houses?"Therefore, if he is qualified for his position, he will be rich and powerful and live to the end of his life. Bo Yang said: Killing the enemy is respectable, killing surrender is unforgivable, and killing women and children is even more unforgivable.Wu Han was just a murderer who killed surrenders, women, and children. In essence, he was just a bandit leader.The only difference from the bandit leader is that he is on the right side.To sing the praises of those who should not be praised will corrupt the character of a nation. 4. The Huns Khanate (the royal court is located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) invaded Shangdang County (Zhangzi County, Shanxi Province) and Tianshui County (Gangu County, Gansu Province), and the army approached Youfufeng (Xingping City, Shaanxi Province). 5. Liu Xiu suffered from a chronic disease of headache and dizziness, which could not be cured for a long time, and the condition suddenly became severe.Yin Xing is serving as a court attendant (servant), and in the bedroom of Nangong Yuntai Hall, Liu Xiu entrusts this brother-in-law with the affairs behind him.But when his condition got better, he summoned Yin Xing and asked him to take over the position of the Supreme Commander of the National Armed Forces left behind by Wu Han (Da Sima). , I'm just afraid of hurting your perfect image, so I don't want to make a fuss." The sincerity from the heart moved the attendants around Liu Xiu.Liu Xiu had no choice but to respect his opinion. Prince Master (Prince Taifu) Zhang Zhan, since Queen Guo Shengtong was deposed, has claimed to be sick and no longer sees him.Liu Xiu forced him to go to work and appointed him as prime minister (Da Situ), but Zhang Zhan insisted that he was seriously ill and could no longer handle government affairs.Liu Xiu then dismissed him. On June 14, Liu Xiu appointed Cai Mao, the governor of Guanghan County (Zitong County, Sichuan Province) and a native of Hanoi County (Wuzhi County, Henan Province), as Prime Minister, and Zhu Fu, the Minister of Communications (Private Servant), as the Chief Inspector (Da Sikong) ). On June 16, Liu Long, the left-wing commander of the royal guard (General Zuo Zhonglang), was appointed as the Hussar General and acted as the Supreme Commander of the National Armed Forces (acting as the chief minister). 6. On June 19, Liu Xiu changed the title of prince Zhongshan King (capital Lunu) Liu Fu (former queen Guo Shengtongsheng) to Peiwang (capital Xiangxian).Appoint Liu Fu's uncle, Guo Kuang, as the minister of vassal affairs (Da Honglu).Liu Xiu often went to Guo Kuang's house and rewarded countless treasures.The capital (the capital Luoyang) then called Guo Kuang's family a "gold mine". (Liu Xiu did this mainly to comfort his ex-wife. Guo Kuang’s family has hundreds of millions of catties of gold, and there are more than 400 children in his family alone.) 7. In autumn and September, General Fubo Ma Yuan returned to Beijing (the capital Luoyang) from Jiaozhi County (Bei Ninh Prefecture, northeast of Hanoi City, Vietnam).Meng Ji from Pingling (Xipingling Township, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province) greeted and comforted him. Ma Yuan said: "Now, Wuhuan (the upper reaches of the West Liao River in Inner Mongolia) and the Huns are constantly invading the frontier in the north. I plan to ask for troops to crusade. My husband When you die on the battlefield, wrap your body in horse skin and bury it. How can you lie on a hospital bed and die at the hands of crying women and children?" Meng Ji said, "That's right! A martyr should be like this." 8. In winter, on October 20, Liu Xiu went to Lu State (capital Lu County), Donghai State (capital Tan County), Chu State (capital Pengcheng), Pei State (capital Xiangxian County. They are all princely states) . 9. In December, the Huns Khanate attacked Tianshui County, Youfufeng County and Shangdang County. 10. On December 28, Liu Xiu returned to the capital Luoyang. 11. General Fubo, Ma Yuan, asked to attack the Xiongnu in the north, Liu Xiu approved, and ordered Ma Yuan to enter Tunxiang State (Xingtai City, Hebei Province).When Ma Yuan set off, Liu Xiu ordered all the civil and military officials to see him off.Ma Yuan told Liang Song and Dou Gu, the attendants (Huang Menlang) of the Forbidden Palace, "After a person is rich, he should think of his poor life. If you don't want to be poor, you should be careful when you are in a high position, and always think of me. words.” Liang Song is Liang Tong’s son.Dou Gu is the son of Dou You (both juniors of Ma Yuan). 12. Liu Shang, the general of Wuwei, attacked the Southwest Yi, and Lien Chan even broke the rebel tribes such as Dongcan. 1. In spring, the first month, General Liu Shang of Wuwei of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital Luoyang) attacked the Southwestern Yi (southern western part of Sichuan Province) and chased them to Buwei (Baoshan City, Yunnan Province), killing the chief of the Dongcan tribe.The Southwestern Yiren area was completely pacified. 2. The Wuhuan tribe (upstream of the West Liaohe River in Inner Mongolia), together with the Hun Khanate (the royal court was located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) and the Xianbei tribe (at the west foot of the Great Khingan Mountains in eastern Inner Mongolia), launched continuous attacks on the northern border of the Eastern Han Dynasty.The area east of Dai Commandery (Yanggao County, Shanxi Province) was particularly seriously injured by Wuhuan.The base of the Wuhuan tribe is next to the frontier fortress. They set off from their tents in the morning and arrived under the castle of the Eastern Han Dynasty in the evening. In the five counties along the border (Dai, Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, and Liaoxi), every household, Hurt.The castle was destroyed, and the people fled in all directions, desolate and desolate, with no human habitation. In autumn and August, Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the first Guangwu Emperor) Liu Xiu (50 years old this year) ordered Ma Yuan and some royal protocol officers (visitors) sent by the central government to build fortresses and fortresses in the frontier fortresses to restore a little scale.Or first appoint county chiefs and county chiefs to attract immigrants in the open land. Among the Wuhuan tribes, the tribe gathered in the Baishan area outside the Great Wall in Shanggu County (Beidama Mountains, Chongli County, Hebei Province) is the largest, powerful, and wealthy tribe.Ma Yuan led 3,000 cavalry to attack, but withdrew without gaining anything. 3. More than 10,000 cavalry from the Xianbei tribe attacked Liaodong County (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province).Sacrifice wears armor and goes to battle to kill.Xianbei was defeated and fled northward, and more than 5,000 people fell into the water and drowned.Jixu chased after him and crossed the frontier. The Xianbei people were in a hurry, abandoned their weapons and armor, and fled for their lives.From then on, Xianbei became afraid of Jixun and dared not approach the frontier again. 4. In winter, the Xiongnu Khanate attacked Shanggu County and Zhongshan Kingdom (the capital Lunu). 5. The Western Regions (Xinjiang and Eastern Central Asia) Shache King (Xinjiang Shache County) Yin (surname unknown), gradually arrogant and arrogant, intends to unify the Western Regions, constantly attacks neighboring countries, and demands heavy taxes.The countries are worried and fearful, but they are powerless to resist. The only hope is the intervention of the Eastern Han Dynasty.Therefore, Cheshiqian Kingdom (Turpan City, Xinjiang), Shanshan Kingdom (Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang), and Yanqi Kingdom (Yanqi County, Xinjiang) and other eighteen countries simultaneously sent their princes to China as hostages to pay tribute of gold and silver treasures.When he met Emperor Liu Xiu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he prostrated himself on the ground, wept, and asked the Eastern Han Dynasty to send the governor (general protection) of the Western Regions again. Liu Xiu believed that the civil war in the Eastern Han Dynasty had just ended and the north was still in chaos, so she was unable to take care of the Western Regions, so she tactfully refused, asking the princes who volunteered to be hostages to return home, and gave them generous gifts.When the countries heard that the Eastern Han Dynasty refused to send a governor, they were already nervous.Then the princes started their return journey from Luoyang one after another. They couldn't help panicking, so they asked Pei Zun, the governor of Dunhuang County (Dunhuang City, Gansu Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty in official documents, saying: "Please let our prince stay in your county and don't come back. , as long as you declare that the governor of the Eastern Han Dynasty will leave the customs immediately, and let Shache hear it, I hope it will have a deterrent effect." Pei Zun reported, and Liu Xiu agreed. 1. In spring, on the 19th day of the first lunar month, Liu Xiu (51 years old), the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital Luoyang) (the first Emperor Guangwu) went to Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province). On Jisi day in February (Dingyoushuo in February, there is no Jisi), Liu Xiu returned to the capital Luoyang. 2. In summer, on May 30, a solar eclipse. 3. Autumn, September 5th, earthquake. 4. In winter, on October 19, Zhu Fu, the Supreme Inspector General (Da Sikong), was dismissed. 5. On October 20, Du Lin, Commander of the Imperial Guard (Guang Luxun), was appointed as the Supreme Inspector General. 6、最初，陈留郡（河南省开封市东南陈留镇）人刘昆，当江陵县（南郡郡政府所在县·湖北省江陵县）县长，县中发生火灾，刘昆向熊熊烈火叩头，火势即行熄灭。后来，当弘农郡（河南省灵宝县东北）郡长，郡中老虎背起幼虎，渡过黄河，向北迁徙。刘秀对这些事深感惊异，征调刘昆接替杜林当宫廷禁卫官司令（光禄勋）。刘秀问他：“你先前在江陵，大风方向转变，扑灭大火。后来在弘农，老虎又北渡黄河。你行什么德政，竟发生这种感应？”刘昆回答说：“没有什么德政，只不过偶尔碰上罢了。”刘秀的左右侍从都忍不住笑起来，刘秀叹息说：“这才是忠厚长者的话。”下令把这件事记入国史资料。 7、本年，青州（山东省北部）蝗灾。 8、匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）呼都而尸道皋若鞮单于（二十任）挛鞮舆逝世，儿子左贤王挛鞮乌达鞮侯（二十一任）继位，不久，又逝世。挛鞮乌达鞮侯的老弟挛鞮蒲奴继位（二十二任）。 匈奴汗国连年旱灾蝗灾，赤地数千里，人民和牧养的牲畜，感染瘟疫病死跟活活饿死的，超过总数的一半。挛鞮蒲奴恐怕东汉乘机报复，于是，采取低姿态，派使节到渔阳郡（北京市密云县），请求和解，并愿跟刘姓皇家缔结姻亲。 刘秀命皇家警卫指挥官（中郎将）李茂报聘。 9、乌桓部落（内蒙古西辽河上游）乘着匈奴汗国衰弱，发动复仇性大规模攻击。匈奴溃败，向北逃避数千里。瀚海沙漠以南地区，成为真空。 这对东汉而言，是一个喜讯。刘秀下诏撤销沿边各郡亭障碉堡哨官（亭候）跟边防军官兵，又用金银财宝，诱惑乌桓部落归降。 10、西域（新疆及中亚东部）各国充当人质的王子，滞留敦煌郡（甘肃省敦煌市），已经一年，愁眉不展，都害上思乡症，纷纷逃回本国。莎车王（新疆莎车县）贤（姓不详）这才知道东汉政府不会派出总督，大为高兴。于是，击破鄯善（新疆若羌县），击斩龟兹王（新疆库车县）。鄯善王安（姓不详），上书东汉政府，表示愿再派王子当人质，请求东汉一定要再派总督，并且陈述他的悲哀：如果东汉不派总督，他就不得不向匈奴汗国屈服。刘秀答复说：“我国国内困难，无论使节（指西域总督）和武装部队，都无力派遣。如果各国力不从心，不能抵抗匈奴的压力，则东南西北，任凭你们自己选择。”鄯善、车师，只好投降匈奴。 Ban Gu said: 西汉王朝在武帝（西汉七任帝刘彻）时代，为了控制匈奴，不愿看到西域各国站在匈奴这一边，更不愿看到西羌部落（青海省东部）跟匈奴联盟，于是设立河西四郡（武威郡、张掖郡、酒泉郡、敦煌郡），大开玉门关（甘肃省敦煌市西北），打通西域道路，目的在于切断匈奴汗国的右臂，隔绝匈奴汗国跟西羌部落、月氏部落的交通。单于失掉外力援助，不得不向远方逃走，瀚海沙漠之南，遂没有匈奴王庭（中央政府）。 那时候，正逢文帝（西汉五任帝刘恒）、景帝（西汉六任帝刘启）长期平静，人民休养，已经五世（二任惠帝刘盈、三任前少帝刘恭、四任后少帝刘弘、五任文帝刘恒、六任景帝刘启），人民富庶，国家财力雄厚，战马强壮，士气高昂。所以，看见南方的犀布、玳瑁，就建立珠厓（海南省琼山县）等七郡。发现蒟酱、竹杖，就建立牂柯（贵州省福泉县）、越巂（四川省西昌市）两郡（二处设郡，均参考前一一一年）。听说天马、葡萄，则远交大宛王国（首都贵山城）、安息王国（伊朗）。 从此，各方面的奇异物品，纷纷进入中国。西汉政府为了安置这些奇异物品，开辟园林，扩建宫殿，帷帐豪华，衣服装饰，竞求美丽，用酒池肉林，招待外国的使节宾客，更创作“鱼龙”“角抵”游戏（参考前一〇八年正月注），娱乐耳目。再加上贿赂、赏赐、赠与，万里相送，跟军事费用，消费数目的庞大，无法统计。 于是，政府收入，不够开支，只好酒专卖、盐专卖、铁专卖。制造白金币、鹿皮币，连骑马乘船以及家里饲养的猪狗牛羊等六畜，都征收捐税。人民无力负担，财源枯竭，接着是旱灾、水灾、蝗灾，发生凶年。盗匪四起，全国道路，几乎断绝。中央政府派出惩戒官员，穿着华丽的衣服，拿着代表权柄的斧钺，到各郡、各封国，斩伐诛杀，然后才把盗匪消灭。直到武帝（七任刘彻）末年，才决心放弃轮台（新疆轮台县）屯田，颁下哀痛的诏书（参考前八九年），这难道不是表示，仁慈的圣上内心有了悔意？ 而且，如果再进入西域，距离最近的有白龙堆沙漠（新疆罗布泊东畔），最远的有葱岭（帕米尔高原）——那一带布满身热、头痛（皆在新疆塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县西南一带）、悬度（参考前二五年）等险恶灾难。刘安、杜钦、扬雄所发表的看法，都认为：上天特地用它划分疆界，隔绝内外。 而且，西域各国，各有君王，兵力分散，所以脆弱，无法统一。虽然归附匈奴，却并不心悦诚服。匈奴能够得到他们的马匹和家畜供应，也能得到他们毛织物的补充；但是，却不能统御他们的武装部队，协同作战。在这种情形下，西域即令归附匈奴，对匈奴的帮助，也微不足道。 而且，西域跟汉朝隔绝，相距太远，得到它，对汉朝没有利益；抛弃它，对汉朝没有损害。所有恩德，都出于汉朝，汉朝却没有向他们作任何索取。所以，自从一世纪三〇年代以来，西域各国思念汉朝的威望和恩德，都由衷地渴望归降。不断派遣使节，送王子到汉朝充当人质，请求设立总督（都护）。 圣明的皇上（指刘秀）考察古今，因时机还没有成熟，拒绝承诺。从前，姒文命善待西戎部落，姬旦退回白色野鸡，刘恒不接受千里马；而皇上（刘秀）之坚持，却包括了他们所有的意义。（《书经·禹贡》：姒文命善待西戎部落，并不是要压制它，贪图贡物，而只是谋求和平。《大传》：姬旦当周王朝二任王姬诵的宰相，南方的越裳部落，经过九重翻译，进贡白色野鸡。姬诵询问姬旦，姬旦说：“恩德没有加到他们身上，就不应该接受初次见面礼。政令没有达到他们那里，就不应该把他们当做臣属。为什么向我们进贡这些东西？”翻译官代替越裳王回答说：“自我即位，国家元老就说：'长久以来，我们已没有过狂风暴雨，揣想：莫非中国出现圣人？'”姬旦这才接受，献给姬诵，宣称是先王显灵的缘故，转献给皇家祭庙。刘恒不接受千里马，参考前一七九年。） 1、春季，正月，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）南郡（湖北省江陵县）境内蛮夷叛变。东汉政府派武威将军刘尚，把他们击破（《后汉书·南蛮传》：南郡潳山蛮起反，刘尚击破他们后，把整个部落七千余人，迁移到江夏郡，后来称沔中蛮）。 2、夏季，五月八日，宰相（大司徒）蔡茂逝世。 3、秋季，八月丙戌日（八月己丑朔，没有丙戌），最高监察长（大司空）杜林逝世。 4、九月十三日，东汉政府任命陈留郡（河南省开封市东南陈留镇）人玉况当宰相。 5、冬季，十月九日，擢升交通部长（太仆）张纯，当最高监察长。 6、武陵郡（湖南省常德市）境内蛮夷部落首领相单程等叛变（武陵郡即战国时代著名的黔中郡，楚王国二十一任王芈槐，为保护此郡而丧生，参考前二九九年。西汉改武陵郡。东汉时代，郡政府设临沅，即今湖南省常德市。武陵郡蛮夷，传说是槃瓠的子孙。黄帝王朝四任帝姬夋时，受到犬戎部落的攻击，不能抵挡。姬夋下令，有人砍下犬戎统帅吴将军人头的，就把皇女嫁给他。家里有一条名叫槃瓠的杂毛狗，忽然衔着吴将军的人头，到宫门领赏。姬夋履行承诺，槃瓠遂背着皇女，前往南方深山。后来，生下六男六女，自相婚配，后裔繁衍），东汉政府派武威将军刘尚讨伐。刘尚率一万余人，沿着沅江（流经湖南省西部，在湖南省常德市以西注入洞庭湖），逆流而上，深入武溪（流经湖南省吉首市南），因为太轻视敌人的缘故，武陵蛮乘险邀击，刘尚全军覆没。 7、最初，匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）呼都而尸道皋若鞮单于（二十任）挛鞮舆的老弟——右谷蠡王挛鞮知牙师，依照顺序，应该当左贤王，而左贤王就是储君，可以接替单于宝座。可是，挛鞮舆却准备把单于宝座传给儿子，遂先把老弟挛鞮知牙师诛杀。而乌珠留若鞮单于（十八任）挛鞮知，有一个儿子挛鞮比，当右薁鞬日逐王（薁，音yu），统御南疆八大部众。 挛鞮比对挛鞮知牙师之死，气愤不平，说：“如果传弟，挛鞮知牙师当立。如果传子，我是前单于的长子，我当立！”（呼韩邪单于挛鞮稽侯柵遗嘱，要儿子们兄终弟及，参考前三一年。挛鞮舆杀弟立子，是违反父命。如果不传弟而传子，就根本轮不到挛鞮舆，挛鞮比是乌珠留若鞮单于挛鞮知的长子，应该由他继位。）猜疑恐惧，很少再到王庭朝会（匈奴各王每年正月都要到中央聚会）。挛鞮舆也发现情况有异，派出两位队长（骨都侯），到挛鞮比那里，监督挛鞮比的部众。 等到挛鞮蒲奴（二十二任单于，挛鞮舆的儿子）继位，挛鞮比更为怨恨，派出秘密使节——汉人郭衡，带着匈奴汗国的地图，前往西河郡（山西省离石县）求见郡长，表达归附的愿望。两队长（骨都侯）隐约察觉出挛鞮比酝酿某一种巨变。不久，匈奴于五月在龙城（蒙古国哈尔和林市）举行大会（匈奴汗国每年正月、五月、九月，三个月的“戌”日，在龙城祭祀天地，王爵以下都要出席）。两队长（骨都侯）建议挛鞮蒲奴乘机诛杀挛鞮比。 正好，挛鞮比的老弟渐将王，在御帐得到消息，紧急通知还没有到会的老哥，挛鞮比立刻集结南疆八部的武装兵力，约四五万人，预备等到两队长回营时，先行斩除。两队长将到大营，发觉情势不对劲，立即逃亡。挛鞮蒲奴（二十二任）派出一万人骑兵，攻击挛鞮比，见挛鞮比军容盛大，不敢前进，即行撤回。 8、本年，鬲侯朱祜逝世。朱祜为人，朴实正直，崇拜儒家学派，担任将领时，敌人只要投降，他就接受。目的只在夺取城池，击溃对方的战斗力，从不考虑用人头报功。而又严禁士兵奸淫烧杀，掳掠人民。部队官兵喜欢无拘无束，所以对朱祜多怀怨恨。 1、春季，正月十九日，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）政府，赦天下。 2、匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）南疆八大部落首领，共同议定，推举日逐王挛鞮比，当呼韩邪单于（二十三任。跟祖父呼韩邪单于挛鞮稽侯柵同一称号）；派人到五原郡（内蒙古包头市），表示永远作为汉王朝藩属，抵挡北方侵略。 东汉帝（一任光武帝）刘秀（本年五十三岁）要高阶层官员提供意见。大家都认为：“天下安定不久，中国空虚，夷狄这样做，真假难辨，不应允许。”高级皇家警卫指挥官（五官中郎将）耿国，表示异议，说：“应该依照孝宣（西汉十任帝刘病已）前例，接受归附（参考前五二年）。命他们东方抵挡鲜卑（内蒙古东部大兴安岭西麓），北方抵挡匈奴，作为四方蛮夷榜样，使我们沿边各郡的秩序，恢复正常。”刘秀同意。 3、秋季，七月，武陵郡（湖南省常德市）蛮夷部落，攻击临沅（武陵郡郡政府所在县·湖南省常德市）。东汉政府派皇家礼宾官（谒者）李嵩、中山郡（河北省定州市）郡长（此时中山是封国，“郡长”疑是“封国宰相”之误）马成，率军讨伐，不能取胜。 伏波将军马援要求出征，刘秀怜惜他年纪已老（中国传统史书，多数都不记载当事人年龄；马援生年既不详，本年年龄因之也不详），不肯答应。马援说：“我还能身穿盔甲，上马作战。”刘秀要求骑给他看，马援在马上据鞍四顾，表示仍可担当重任。刘秀笑说：“好一个神采飞扬的老汉！”遂派马援率领皇家警卫指挥官（中郎将）马武、耿舒等，统军四万余人，南下攻击五溪（武陵郡境内有五溪：雄溪、樠溪、酉溪、沅溪、辰溪，全是武陵蛮居住之地）。马援告诉朋友杜愔说：“我受到过厚的恩宠，而年纪日老，常怕一病而终，不能为国战死。今天得以率军征战，正符合我的盼望，心甘情愿，死也瞑目。不过，有很多权贵家的子弟在大军中任职，有的当助手，有的当参谋官，难以应付，使我恐惧——也只此点担心。” 4、冬季，十月，匈奴汗国日逐王挛鞮比，自称南匈奴单于（二十三任），再派使节到东汉，请求归附。刘秀再征求朗陵侯臧宫的意见。臧宫说：“匈奴因为饥馑和瘟疫，已起纷争，请交给我五千骑兵，就可以立功塞外。”刘秀笑说：“面对常胜将军，最好不要跟他谈论敌人，等我自己想想看。” 1、春季，正月，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）辽东郡（辽宁省辽阳市）塞外的貊部落（朝鲜半岛东部），侵犯边境。郡长祭肜（音rong）招抚他们归降。 祭肜又用金银财宝招抚鲜卑部落（内蒙古东部大兴安岭西麓）总首领（大都护）偏何，再要他招抚其他蛮夷或其他部落。各地归降部落，纷纷入塞。祭肜告诉偏何，说：“假如你要为东汉立功，应该攻击匈奴（北匈奴·王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市），呈献他们酋长的人头，才可取得东汉信任。”偏何遂攻击匈奴（北匈奴），杀二千余人，把人头交给郡政府。以后，每年都攻击匈奴，带着人头，接受赏赐。从此，匈奴衰弱，东汉北方边陲，再没有烽火。鲜卑部落、乌桓部落（内蒙古西辽河上游），都向东汉朝贡。 祭肜为人朴实宽厚，做事沉着，对待夷狄，全靠恩德和信誉，所以胡人对他既畏又爱，为他都尽死力。 2、南匈奴单于（二十三任）挛鞮比，派他的老弟左贤王挛鞮莫，率军一万余人，攻击北匈奴单于（二十二任）挛鞮蒲奴的老弟薁鞬左贤王，生擒。挛鞮蒲奴震惊恐怖，张皇失措，向北撤退一千余里。北匈奴所属的薁鞬骨都侯跟右骨都侯，率部众三万余人，投降南匈奴。 三月，南匈奴单于（二十三任）挛鞮比，再派使节到东汉首都洛阳进贡，要求东汉派出军队协防，准许他派王子当人质，并重续中断已久的汉匈和约。 3、三月二十九日，日食。 4、东汉伏波将军马援的南征兵团，抵达临乡（湖南省桃源县），大破蛮兵，俘杀二千余人。 当初，马援曾经患病，虎贲警卫指挥官（虎贲中郎将）梁松，前来问候，在病榻前叩头，马援没有答礼。梁松告辞后，马援的儿子们问说：“梁松是皇上的女婿（梁松娶刘秀的女儿舞阴公主刘义王），是政府显贵，部长级以下高官，对他都敬畏交加，只您为什么对他不肯答礼？”马援说：“我是他爹梁统的老朋友，他虽然地位尊贵，怎能不论辈分！” 马援的侄儿马严、马敦，行侠仗义，喜爱抨击讽刺别人。马援从前在交趾郡（越南河内市东北北宁府）时，曾写信告诫他们：“我盼望你们听到别人的过失，好像听到爹娘的名字，耳朵可以听，口中不可以说（这是古代避讳法则，绝不可说出爹娘的名字，连同音字都不准出口，否则便是犯了禁忌。现代中国人无法了解这种禁忌的严重性。不小心说出爹娘名字，不过被斥为不孝。如果不小心说出皇帝的名字或写出皇帝的名字，就会受到诛杀）。喜爱议论别人长短，随意批评政治，是我最厌恶的事。我宁愿死，也不愿子孙有这种行径。龙述，敦厚谨慎