Chapter 7 1930s (30-34)

1. In spring, on the 16th day of the first lunar month, the Eastern Han government (the capital Luoyang) renamed Chongling Township (south of Zaoyang City, Hubei Province) to Zhangling County. Residents from generation to generation were exempted from land taxes, taxes and various duties. Gao Zu) Liu Bang's ancestral home is Feng County (Feng County, Jiangsu Province) and Pei County (Pei County, Jiangsu Province). 2. Wu Han, the supreme commander of the national armed forces in the Eastern Han Dynasty (Da Sima), captured Qu County (Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province), and beheaded Haixi King Dong Xian and Dongping Wang Pangmeng.In the area of ​​the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, and Shandong (east of Xiaoshan), all independent regimes have been wiped out.Generals from all over the country returned to the capital Luoyang one after another, and Liu Xiu (35 years old this year), Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (one Emperor Guangwu), hosted a banquet and gave out rewards.

Liu Xiu is tired of the war, the Supreme Commander of Xizhou (Eastern Gansu Province) (Xizhou General) Kui Xiao (based on Di Pingxiang) has sent his son as a hostage (refer to December last year), and Cheng Jiadi (capital Chengdu) Gongsun As mentioned above, and far away in the remote southwestern border, he told the generals, saying: "I will put these two gentlemen out of my way!" So the generals were ordered to rest in Luoyang, and the army was transferred to Hanoi County (Henan Province Wuzhi County).He wrote to Kaixiao and Gongsunshu several times, analyzing the interests, disadvantages, and fortunes, and tried to solve them by political means.

3. Gongsun Shu, the emperor of the Cheng family, also wrote to Liu Xiu several times, stating that his throne had long been seen in the mysterious prophecy (Fu Ming), which was used to confuse people's hearts.Liu Xiu wrote back to Gongsun and said: "The 'Gongsun' mentioned in the mysterious prophecy refers to Emperor Xuan (the tenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bingji. Refer to the first seven or eight years). The person who replaced the Western Han Dynasty had the surname 'Dangtu', Your name is 'Gao', could you be 'Gao' himself? And you are sure that your strange palm print is an auspicious sign ("Book of the Later Han Dynasty" says that Gongsun Shu wrote on the palm of his hand: "Gongsun Emperor." According to: The palm lines cannot be changed by manpower until the twentieth century. If you burn them with fire or cut them with a knife, you will only leave scars, not lines). How can Wang Mang’s tricks be imitated? Your Excellency is not me The rebellious ministers and thieves are just in a hurry. Everyone wants to be king. You are old, and your wife and children are still young, so you can't help you. You should make a decision as soon as possible. The highest sacred throne can't be won by pure human power. Please think twice!" The envelope said: "Emperor Gongsun." Gongsun Shu refused to reply.

Jing Han, the director of cavalry of Chengjia (Captain of Cavalry) from Pingling (Xipingling Township, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province), suggested to Gongsunshu: "The emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (one of the great ancestors) Liu Bang rose in the army. I don't know how many times, the army Defeated, almost captured and killed, however, he still regrouped, recuperated, and challenged again. Why? It is much better to die to advance than to retreat. Kai Xiao enjoys the favor given to him by the great age, Possess the vast land of Yongzhou (referring to the ancient Yongzhou, now the eastern part of Gansu Province), the soldiers and horses are strong, the people and intellectuals all belong to Shandong, and the prestige spreads to Shandong. Later in the Liuxuan era (23-25), political chaos, got The power of the country was lost again. The world fell apart, and the people stretched their necks, hoping for peace. Kai Xiao could not seize this opportunity and marched eastward to fight for the supreme ruling power of the country, but planned to step back and become the Western overlord (Xibo), respecting Confucian scholars, Recruiting guests and hermits, cutting down the armed forces, abandoning combat training, and serving the Eastern Han government in a low voice, even thinking that he is the reincarnation of Ji Chang (King Wen). Now, Emperor Liu Xiu of the Eastern Han Dynasty has left Kui Xiao behind and concentrated on mopping up the heroes in the East , Four parts of the world, the Eastern Han government has three of them. Then, they sent secret envoys (referring to Lai She and Ma Yuan) to instigate internal rebellion, so that the heroes and heroes of Xizhou (eastern Gansu Province) yearned for Shandong wholeheartedly, so five points In the world, the Eastern Han government already has four of them. If it launches an attack to the west, Kaixiao will be defeated. If Tianshui County is pacified, nine of the world will be divided, and the Eastern Han government has eight of them. Your Majesty only uses Liangzhou (ancient Liangzhou, including today's Sichuan province and southern Shaanxi Province) to support the emperor, imperial palace, and royal family internally, and to supply the armed forces externally. The people are overburdened, miserable, and unable to survive. I am afraid that Wang Mang's own internal festering situation will occur. In my ignorant opinion He believed that when the world was still in chaos, heroes and heroes were still ambitious, and recruits could be recruited, they dispatched elite soldiers and ordered Tian Rong to advance to Jiangling (the county where the government of Nanjunna is located·Jiangling County, Hubei Province) to control the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (Referring to the area east of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River), relying on the danger of Wushan (east of Wushan County, Chongqing City), and strictly defending. Calling on the people of the former Wu Kingdom (Jiangsu Province) and the Chu Kingdom (Anhui Province, Hubei Province), Changsha (Changsha, Hunan Province) The land to the south of the city) must wait for the wind to come down. Then order Yancen to lead the army to start from Hanzhong County (Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province) and go northward to pacify Sanfu (Guanzhong area · Central Shaanxi Province), then Tianshui and Longxi counties will naturally surrender If this is the case, it will cause a shock in the world, and only then can we create a favorable situation."

Gongsun Shu asked civil and military officials, and the research officer (doctor) Wu Zhu said: "Ji Fa (the first king of the Zhou Dynasty and Wu Wang) crusaded against the Shang government, and 800 feudal monarchs gathered in Mengjin (the East Yellow River Ferry in Mengjin County, Henan Province). However, they still retreated separately and waited for the will of heaven. I have never heard of such a strange thing that troops can be sent thousands of miles away without the assistance of neighboring countries." Jing Han said: "When Liu Xiu first started, he didn't have a foot of land to rely on, but he was able to go. It was another group of mobs who drove it. However, they were invincible in the front line. Instead of quickly seizing the opportunity and striving for success, we sat there and talked about Ji Fa's principles.

Bo Yang said: Wu Zhu's remarks are representative of the Confucian school.He said that he had never heard of the strange thing of being able to send troops thousands of miles away without the assistance of neighboring countries, which can be called the most deaf in the world.When Liu Bang, the founding king of the Western Han Dynasty, set out from Hanzhong, what kind of assistance did he have from neighboring countries?And why did the eight hundred monarchs meet unexpectedly?Intellectuals of the Confucian school only see the distant "ancient", and neither can see clearly nor hear the real life that jumps in front of them.

Jinghan is Han Xin, but it is a pity that Gongsun Shu is not Liu Bang, and there are not so many Confucian experts and scholars around Liu Bang who can talk about it. This is Han Xin's luck and Jinghan's misfortune. Gongsun Shu believed that Jinghan was justified, and planned to mobilize all armed forces, including the field army (Northern Army) and reclamation troops in the capital Chengdu, as well as the foreign corps composed of exiles from Shandong. He ordered Yancen and Tian Rong to set off separately to join the Hanzhong County Garrison Merge and attack simultaneously.However, the important officials of the whole country (Sichuan Province) and Gongsun Shu's younger brother, Gongsun Guang, agreed that the power of the whole country should not be used thousands of miles away in order to decide the outcome.He tried his best to obstruct it, but Gongsun Shu had no choice but to give up.Yan Cen and Tian Rong also knew that it was not a long-term situation, so they asked to allocate part of their troops and allow them to make meritorious service.But Gongsun Shu was always suspicious and could not accept it.In the family government, only the Gongsun royal family can hold power.

Gongsun Shu issued an edict to abolish copper coins and use iron coins instead.The currency system was destroyed, transactions stopped, and the people suffered unspeakably.Although Gongsun Shu has become the emperor, he has to deal with everything personally, even the smallest place. He is the same as when he was the county magistrate of Qingshui (Qingshui County, Gansu Province), and he likes to change the names of county officials.When he was young, he worked as a court guard of the Western Han Dynasty (Lang. Gongsunshu's father, Gongsun Ren, was the commander of the militia in Henan County, and Gongsun Shu obtained an official position because of his father's "Renziling" relationship). , very familiar.Therefore, after becoming the emperor, he immediately put on a posture, and used "Fajia" ("Fajia", that is, "Dajia") when he went out of the palace and entered the palace. , led by the mayor of the capital, the county magistrate of the capital, and the commander of the garrison of the capital, as the forerunner, majestic), ostriches are embroidered on the flag, and yak tails are hung on the guns of the cavalry.He also appointed his two sons as princes, and assigned Qianwei (Yibin City, Sichuan Province) and Guanghan (Zitong County, Sichuan Province) to them as feudal states.Someone advised him, "It's impossible to predict the success or failure of things. The soldiers fought bloody battles on the battlefield, and they haven't been rewarded yet. They even made their son king first, which means that your majesty has no greater ambition." Gongsun Shu didn't accept it, and the senior officials began to resent .

4. Feng Yi, the general of the Eastern Han Dynasty conquering the west, went from Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) to the capital Luoyang to meet.Liu Xiu said to the civil and military ministers: "Feng Yi was the chief secretary (master book) when I first started the army. He overcame all obstacles and pacified Guanzhong (central part of Shaanxi Province) for me." "I think back then, the soymilk from Wuzhiting and the wheat rice from Hutuohe (refer to 2004), your deep love can't be repaid for a long time." Feng Yi bowed his head and said in thanks: "I heard that Guan Zhong said to Jiang Xiaobai (Huan Gong) : 'May the king not forget the hook, and I myself will not forget the prison cart.' (7th century BC, Spring and Autumn Period, Qi civil strife, Jiang Xiaobai who fled to Ju State, and Jiang Jiao who fled to Lu State returned home separately. Guan Zhong, Jiang Jiao's subordinate, in order to stop Jiang Xiaobai, ambushed in the middle of the road, shot an arrow, hit the hook, and Jiang Xiaobai survived. Later, when Jiang Xiaobai ascended the throne, the State of Lu put Guan Zhong into a prison car and sent him back to the State of Qi for punishment. Jiang Xiaobai appointed Guan Zhong Be the prime minister and make Qi the first of the five tyrants.) Qi is strong by relying on them. I also hope that your majesty will not forget the sufferings of Hebei (north of the Yellow River), and I will not forget the great kindness that bestowed glory on me." Feng Yi stayed in the capital Luoyang for more than ten days, and Liu Xiu ordered him, his wife and children to return west to his post at the same time.

5. Shen Tugang and Du Lin left Kaihuo and went to Luoyang.Liu Xiu appointed two law enforcement supervisors (servant censors), and Zheng Xing, a middle-level state official (taizhong doctor). 6. In March, Emperor Gongsunshu of the Cheng family ordered Yijiang Wang Tianrong to go west out of Jiangguan (east of Fengjie County, Chongqing City) to gather his old tribe and prepare to attack Jingzhou (referring to the central part of Hubei Province), but he could not win. Emperor Liu Xiu of the Eastern Han Dynasty issued an imperial edict to Kui Xiao, ordering him to go south from Tianshui County to attack the back of the Chengjia Empire.Kai Xiao wrote: "Baishuiguan (Beichaotian Town, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province) is dangerous and difficult to pass, and the plank roads along the way are decayed and damaged, making it unusable. Gongsun Shu has a harsh temperament and suspicion from all over the world. If he waits until his crime is obvious, then attack , Only then can it create such a powerful momentum.”

Liu Xiu knew that Kai Xiao would not give up his independence, so he planned to use force to resolve it. 7. In summer, on April 8th, Liu Xiu went to Chang'an to worship the tombs of the emperors of the Western Han Dynasty.Seven generals, including General Jianwei Geng Yan and Huya General Gai Yan, were sent westward through Longxi (west of Longshan, under the jurisdiction of Kaixiao) to attack the Chengjia Empire. When the army was dispatched, Liu Xiu first sent the royal guard commander (General Zhonglang) to She, sent an edict to Kai Xiao, and then made the last persuasion.Kai Xiao thought over and over again, but still couldn't make a decision.Lai She got impatient, and blamed Kai Xiao bluntly, saying: "The emperor (Liu Xiu) thought that you could understand right and wrong, so he sincerely explained to you the principles of rise and fall, survival and failure, and wrote a letter to express his sincerity. You have pledged your sincerity and allegiance. Your son is acting as a hostage, but has always been deceived by those sycophants, do you want your whole family to be destroyed?" Lai Sheyue spoke more passionately, drew out his sword, and stabbed Kai Xiao straight.Kai Xiao was furious, got up and left, summoned troops to kill Lai She.Laishe took the "talented festival" in his hand and got on the car calmly.Kaixiao's general, Niu Han, led an army to surround Laishe.Another general, Wang Zun, suggested: "Laishe acts as an envoy to a distant place alone, and is the emperor's cousin (Laishe is the son of Liu Xiu's aunt). Killing him will cause no loss to the Eastern Han government. But let us face the disaster of massacre of the whole family. In the past, the state of Song killed the envoys of the Kingdom of Chu, which caused a catastrophe of using bones as firewood and exchanging their sons for cooking. Official Shen Wuwei was sent to Qi State. When he passed through Song State, Song State executed Shen Wuwei. The Chu army surrounded the capital of Song State. It lasted nine months. You can’t be insulted, let alone the Supreme Emperor? And Kui Xun’s life in Luoyang (Kai Xun’s son Kui Xun went to Luoyang as a hostage, refer to December last year)!” This person who came to She was very loyal, consistent with his words and deeds, and never violated.Traveling between Luoyang and Tianshui, honesty and trustworthiness are testable.Intellectuals in Xizhou (the eastern part of Gansu Province) trusted and respected him, and many pleaded for him, and in the end they spared his death and sent him back east. Bo Yang said: In the matter of Lai Shezhi's escape from death, Kai Xiao showed his magnificence.Some of the history books included only blindly praise Lai She because of his faith, Kai Xiao neither "could" nor "dare" to do harm.In this way, anyone who dies at the hands of the enemy must be unfaithful and unrighteous!Wen Tianxiang, whom everyone admires the most, was kidnapped and beheaded at Chaishikou. Could it be that he is untrustworthy and unrighteous? Sudden assassination, according to reason and law, should be executed. If you say "impossible", could it be that what you came to practice is golden bell cover martial arts, invulnerable to swords and guns.If you say "dare not", then Kai Xiao will rebel later and kill tens of thousands of people. Is he afraid that there will be one more dead ghost?In the autocratic feudal culture of "success is a prince, defeat is a bandit", the virtues of the losing party are all erased, and the atrocities of the winning party have their own "tail wagging system" and so on, beautifying it as Tiannvsan flower.This is a great shame for Chinese historians. Kai Xiao's grand demeanor enabled him to win the dead man. Although he failed in the end, his deeds are immortal. 8. On May 21, Liu Xiu went to Chang'an again. Kaixuan rebelled.Wang Yuan was ordered to guard Longdi (East of Zhuanglang County, Gansu Province. Di, sound di), cut down trees, and blocked the road to the east.The generals of the Eastern Han government overcame this obstacle and sent troops to attack Kaihuo. The Eastern Han army was defeated and fled to the foot of Mount Long.Kai Xiao pursued fiercely, and Ma Wu, the general who captured the captives in the Eastern Han Dynasty, selected elite troops, personally cut off the rear, and killed thousands of people before the army finally escaped. (I don't know how to describe this. Depending on the situation, the Eastern Han troops may be stationed in the west of Longdi, and fierce battles broke out in order to snatch the retreat.) 9. On June 24th, Emperor Liu Xiu of the Eastern Han Dynasty issued an edict saying: "The establishment of official positions was originally to serve the people. Now, the people are suffering from disasters and their household registrations have been reduced. The number of local government officials is large. Now, the Gyeonggi Garrison District is ordered The Commander (Sili) and the Plenipotentiary Governors (Mu) of each prefecture cut off the number of officials within their respective jurisdictions. Regardless of whether it is a county or a closed country, if there is not enough population to set up a county magistrate, they will all be merged.” The result was a reduction of more than 400 county.Only one in every ten officials remains in office. 10. On September 30, a solar eclipse. Zhu Fu, the commander of the Luoyang Garrison District in the capital (Zhijinwu), wrote a letter saying: "In the past, Yiqi Fangxun (Yao) and Yao Chonghua (Shun) were in peace and prosperity. Every three years, there were still performance appraisals for officials. With the rise of the Western Han Dynasty, officials The time in power was very long, and it was even passed on to the descendants. How could the politics at that time be perfect? ​​Wouldn’t it be the same to criticize and discuss? It’s just because such a feat as big as heaven and earth cannot be completed in a hurry, and difficult work requires It takes years and months to achieve performance. Now the county chief (guard) and county chief (zai) are constantly changing, welcoming the new and sending the old away, on the road, and are tired of running around. The days after they took office are too short, and they have not yet Familiar with the situation, the superiors put forward strict supervision and requirements. This made every official flustered and worried that he would be dismissed or transferred. He was afraid of being impeached and ridiculed, so he had to use tricks and disguises to establish a hypocritical reputation , This is exactly the reason for the solar and lunar eclipses. Due to the sudden acceleration of the growth of living things, they will definitely die early. If a major cause is completed in a hurry, it will definitely be destroyed in advance. If you destroy the long-term foundation, you only want to complete the temporary effect like fireworks , is not your majesty's blessing. I hope your majesty will look beyond a year or two, until thirty years later, and the world will be blessed." Liu Xiu accepted his opinion.Since then, the number of replacements of full-power governors (shepherds) and county chiefs (shou) has decreased. 11. On December 27, Song Hong, the Supreme Inspector General of the Eastern Han Dynasty (Da Sikong), was dismissed. 12. On December 28th, Emperor Liu Xiu of the Eastern Han Dynasty issued an edict: "Some time ago, because the war continued and the treasury was not enough to spend, a tenth of the tax was implemented. Now, the grain storage is increasing. From now on, All counties and counties were granted taxes, one-thirtieth of which was collected, and the old system was restored." (Li Xian's note: When Liu Qi, the sixth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, was in power, he ordered one-thirtieth draw.) 13. After the defeat of Longshan, the generals of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu ordered Geng Yan to lead his army to Qi County (Bin County, Shaanxi Province); Feng Yi, the general who conquered the West, led his army to Kuiyi (Xunyi County, Shaanxi Province); The general sacrificed Zun and led his troops to Li County (Long County, Shaanxi Province); Wu Han, the supreme commander of the national armed forces (Da Sima), returned to Chang'an to sit in town. Feng Yi had not yet arrived in Guyi, and Kai Xiao took advantage of the victory and ordered generals Wang Yuan and Xingxun (xing, surname) to lead more than 20,000 people to go down the east of Longshan and order Xingxun to capture Guyi. After Feng Yi got the information, Marching forward in a hurry, pointing directly at Guyi.The generals said: "The enemy has many soldiers and is riding on the vigor of victory. They are overwhelming. They should set up camp temporarily to discuss strategies." Feng Yi said: "The enemy's army is overwhelming. Go deep. If we capture Kuiyi, the hearts of Sanfu (Guanzhong area and central Shaanxi Province) will be shaken. When taking the offensive is not enough, taking the defensive is more than enough. Our purpose is to enter the city first and wait for work at leisure, not to fight them decisively." Then he entered Guiyi, closed the city gates tightly, and strictly guarded, but the flags and drums were silenced, and he remained calm.Xing Xun thought it was an unguarded border town, so he rushed forward.Feng Yi took advantage of the opponent's unpreparedness, and suddenly the drums were beating, the flags were flying, and the army rushed out.The patrolling regiment was frightened and overwhelmed, the lineup was in chaos, and they fled in all directions.Feng Yi pursued and broke through the patrolling regiment. Ji Zun also defeated Wang Yuan's corps in Qian County.So Geng Ding, the leader of the local forces in Beidi County (southwest of Wuzhong City, Ningxia), and others all betrayed Kai Xiao and surrendered to the Eastern Han government. Liu Xiu ordered Feng Yi to continue attacking Yiqu (Xifeng City, Gansu Province).Yiqu is the territory under the jurisdiction of Emperor Lu Fang (Liu Wenbo) of the Han Dynasty (the capital of Jiuyuan) established by the Huns Khanate (the royal court is located in Harhelin City, Mongolia).Therefore, Beidi County, Shang County (Nanyuhebao, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province), and Anding County (Guyuan County, Ningxia Province) all belonged to the Eastern Han Dynasty. 14. Dou Rong, the plenipotentiary governor (mu) of Liangzhou (Gansu Province), which hangs far from the western border, was determined to join the Eastern Han government, and then sent his younger brother Dou You to Luoyang to write a letter to Liu Xiu, Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, saying: "I am fortunate to be the first The descendants of Queen Weimo's family (first queen, refers to Empress Dou, the wife of the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Heng. Refer to 179 BC), and have served as high-ranking officials at the county level (two thousand stones) for several generations. I was even awarded the "Fu Festival" , served as a general and guarded one side, so I would like to send Liu Jun to meet with me, and report my inside story verbally, with all my heart and soul, without any concealment. However, His Majesty's imperial edict praised the three-point attempt of Gongsun Shu and Kai Xiao (refer to last year), I also mentioned the strategy of Kai Xiao and Zhao Tuo, and I was deeply hurt. Although the minister Dou Rong is ignorant, he knows what is good and bad, and what is obedience and rebellion? How can I betray Allah and the old Lord and serve evil and hypocrites? How would you want to abandon the integrity of loyalty, and do bad things to subvert the country? Abandon the foundation that has been laid, and pursue benefits that have no shadow? Regarding these three items, even if you ask a lunatic, you will know how Decided, do I have ulterior motives? I would like to send my younger brother, Dou You, to go to the gate of the capital palace and dictate my sincerity." When Dou You walked to Gaoping (the county where the government of Anding County and Guyuan County in Ningxia is located), it happened that Kai Xiao raised his troops to betray the Eastern Han government, and the road was blocked.Dou You then sent a military and political officer (Sima) Xi Feng to take a shortcut to Luoyang.Liu Xiu wrote to Dou Rong and Dou You again, ordering Xi Feng to bring them back, sincerely comforting them, and their friendship was very strong. Dou Rong wrote to Kai Xiao, saying: "The general encountered all kinds of setbacks and blows. On the eve of the overthrow of the Xuanhan government, he still insisted on his consistent position, strictly abided by morals, and was loyal to the government (Kai Xiao's entry into Chang'an, refer to February 24 ). This is the reason why we admire your high righteousness and are willing to obey your drive. Unexpectedly, once you are angry, you will make a huge change in an instant and make another development. Abandon what you have accomplished and create a foundation that is difficult to achieve. Wouldn't it be a pity that the achievements accumulated over a hundred years were completely destroyed in one morning? However, I believe that this is not your original intention, but some members of the establishment who are greedy for greater wealth and honor to contribute to this strategy .Today, Xizhou (the eastern part of Gansu Province) has a narrow terrain and is unable to use it. The people are poor and the soldiers are scattered. It is a pleasure to be an assistant, but it is extremely difficult to create an independent situation by yourself. If you still persist in the end, it seems that although Hearing advice but still clinging to getting lost, in the end, if you don’t vote for Gongsunshu in the south, you can only vote for Lu Fang (Liu Wenbo) in the north. Relying on false friendship and despising the strength of the enemy. Relying on distant rescue and despising the imminent one Close to the enemy, there is no benefit to be seen. Since the rise of the army, the city has been in ruins, and the people have turned to mountains, rivers and valleys. Thank God for blessings, fortunately, it calmed down a little, but the general repeats the original suffering. , I was displaced again, just talking about them, I can't help but feel sad and sore nose. Stupid people can't bear it, let alone the general is kind. I have heard that it is easy to be loyal, but the timing of allegiance is difficult. Excessive worry about friends , the words are sincere and straightforward, and they think they are kind to their friends, but in the end they are resented. I know that my opinion will become a crime." Kai Xiao refused to accept it. 15. Dou Rong mobilized together with the chiefs of the five counties (five counties: Wuwei County, Jiuquan County, Zhangye County, Dunhuang County, and Jincheng County), and wrote to Liu Xiu, asking for instructions on the date of departure.Liu Xiu was very moved and deeply commended.Dou Rong then led the army to Jincheng County with the chiefs of various counties, and attacked Kaixiao (based in Pingxiang) subordinate Xianling Qiang tribe (the area west of Guide County, Qinghai Province), chief Feng Heodao, and defeated the Qiang soldiers.Along the Yellow River, displaying military power, waiting for the Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (Liu Xiu).But at that time, the army of the Eastern Han Dynasty had not yet dispatched, and Dou Rong and others retreated immediately. Liu Xiu thinks that Dou Rong has already stated his position and is even more encouraging.He ordered the renovation of Dou Rong's father's tomb, and used Tailao (one for cattle, one for sheep and one for pig) to worship (the tomb of Dou's ancestors is in Fufeng County).They also continued to send envoys in light clothes to send treasures and foreign objects that Dou Rong paid tribute from all over the world. (On the one hand, to establish a friendship, on the other hand, it also shows that all parties have surrendered. This is a powerful heart battle.) Liang Tong, the governor of Wuwei County, is still afraid that everyone is hesitant and suspicious, and there are other plots.Therefore, he sent someone to assassinate Zhang Xuan, the envoy sent by Kai Xiao, and formally broke with Kai Xiao.Take off all the general seals issued by Kaixiao (refer to 2009) and discard them. 16. At the beginning, when Ma Yuan got the news that Kai Xiao was going to declare independence, he wrote to Kai Xiao repeatedly to persuade and reprimand him. When Kai Xiao saw the letter, he became even more angry.When Kai Xiao officially took action, Ma Yuan wrote a letter to Liu Xiu (Ma Yuan was in Chang'an when he was in Chang'an, plowing the fields in the imperial garden with his guests), saying: "We were close friends and close friends at first, when we first sent me to the East. , commanded me: "At the beginning of my uprising, I originally wanted to support the Han Dynasty. Please go and observe. If you think it is okay, I will concentrate on it." When I go back, I will report to him completely according to the facts. I only hope to guide He walked on the path of perfection and did not dare to deceive him and make him fall into injustice. Unexpectedly, Kai Xiao is selfish, like a robber hating his master, and concentrates all his hatred on me. If I don't explain it, Your Majesty It is impossible to know. Please allow me to go to the place where His Majesty is, and brief the strategy of eliminating Kai Xiao." Liu Xiu summoned Ma Yuan and ordered him to lead a cavalry assault force of 5,000 men according to the battle plan proposed by Ma Yuan. He hoped that he could persuade Kaihuo's generals Gao Jun, Ren Yu and other Qiang tribes (scattered in southern Gansu Province and Qinghai Province) Eastern) chiefs, to analyze their interests and misfortunes, in order to disintegrate Kai Xiao's subordinates.Ma Yuan wrote a letter to Yang Guang, Kai Xiao's general, asking Yang Guang to persuade Kai Xiao. The letter said: "I saw that the four seas have been pacified, and billions of people feel the same. Unexpectedly, Kai Xiao suddenly closed the border, raised troops to rebel, and became the target of the world. I was always afraid that everyone would gnash their teeth against Kai Xiao and rush to kill him, so I kept writing letters. To Kai Xiao, I stated my worries to him. I heard recently that Kai Xiao put all the crimes on me alone. Instead, he adopted Wang Yuan's opinion of flattering evil and declared Hangu Pass (Xin'an County, Henan Province) Yixi can be completely seized with one lift of the foot. What should we do if it is confirmed by today's situation. "I once went to Hanoi County (Wuzhi County, Henan Province) to visit and comfort Kui Xun (Kai Xun, the son of Kui Huo. At this time, because of his father's rebellion, he was imprisoned in Hanoi County), and saw his servant Ji (surname unknown) , just came back from Xizhou (the base of Kaixiao, eastern Gansu Province), and said that Kai Zhongshu, the younger brother of Kai Xun, saw Ji and wanted to ask if his brother (Kai Xun) had been in an accident, but he dared not open his mouth, and sooner or later he wailed and cried. He also said The whole family is so sad that it is difficult to express in words. Resentment can be punished with small punishments, and bloody means cannot be used for revenge. After hearing these things, I unconsciously burst into tears. I deeply understand that Kai Xiao is filial and loving, Zeng Shen, Min Ziqian is nothing more than that. Anyone who loves his parents loves his children as well! But there is a son wearing a torture instrument, and the father wants to eat a bowl of his son’s meat (at this time, Kui Xun’s life is at stake)! "Kai Xiao has repeatedly emphasized that the reason why he controls the army is to preserve the country and his parents' graves. He has also emphasized again and again that he is willing to do anything that is helpful to intellectuals (scholar-officials). Now, the preserved countryside is only The tombs of the parents that were preserved will be destroyed; the act of trying to help will turn into harm in reverse. Kai Xiao once humiliated Gongsun Shu (Emperor Chengjia) and refused to accept his title, but today he is still in a daze. Wouldn’t it be a bit embarrassing to get closer? If Gongsun Shu wants to take the eldest son as a hostage, where will Kai Xiao find another eldest son? In the past, Gongsun Shu directly granted you the title of king, but you refused, now you are old , Do you still hang your head down and squeeze in the same trough with young children, grabbing forage? Are you still standing side by side, sideways (describing fear), and being an official in the enemy's government (the family empire)? "Our emperor (Liu Xiu) has great expectations for you. You should invite Niu Han and other seniors to persuade Kai Xiao together. If Kai Xiao refuses, you should really leave. I once looked at the map and found that There are a total of 106 counties and feudal states in the world, why use just two counties (Tianshui County and Longxi County) to fight against 104 counties! You serve Kai Xiao, you are a monarch on the outside, but a friend on the inside. If it is Monarchs and ministers should remonstrate; if they are friends, they should discuss frankly. Why do you know that he will fail, but you cowardly shrink back, bite your tongue, bind your hands, and fall into the disaster of killing the whole family with him? "Now, there is still time. After today, it will be completely different. Moreover, Lai She is a loyal and trustworthy man in the world. He is very respected by the Eastern Han government. He has a deep affection for Kai Xiao and often defends him. I have also been authorized by the emperor. I especially look forward to proclaiming the great faith and never breaking the promise. I can't stay in the frontier for long, and I hope you will give me a quick reply." Yang Guang did not reply. The generals of the Eastern Han Dynasty, whenever they had doubts, would ask Ma Yuan for advice, and they respected him very much. 17. Kai Xiao wrote a letter to Liu Xiu, saying: "The officials and the people heard that the army was approaching suddenly, and they panicked. They just wanted to save themselves. The minister Kai Xiao can't stop it for a while. Although the army won the victory, I dare not disobey the minister's duty. I personally went to recover the attacking troops. Remembering that Yao Chonghua served his father, he accepted when he was beaten with a small stick, and he ran away when he was beaten with a big stick. Although I am not smart enough, I dare not forget the righteousness of the monarch and his ministers. Now, My affairs are under the control of the central government. If you give me death, I will die. If I am punished, I will serve the sentence. If I am forgiven, I will still have the opportunity to reform my heart, and even my bones will be grateful after death." The competent authority thought that Kai Xun was arrogant and asked to kill the hostage Kai Xun.Liu Xiu couldn't bear it, so he wrote another letter to Kai Xiao, and sent Lai She to Si County, saying: "Once upon a time, General Chai Wu said: 'Your Majesty (Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) is generous and benevolent, although the generals have rebelled, In the matter of fleeing, as long as you turn around, you will still restore his official title and title, and you will never be killed.' (In the third century BC, during the period when Chu and Han were fighting each other, Liu Bang’s general Chai Wu wrote a letter to Han Wang Han Xin, quoted by Liu Xiu, indicating that Forgiveness to Kai Xiao.) If you demobilize the army from now on, and send Kai Xun's younger brother to the central government (again as a hostage), then your official position and title can be preserved, and you will have great blessings. I Turning forty, having spent ten years in the military, loathes flattery. If you disagree, don't reply." Kai Xiao discovered that Liu Xiu had gained insight into his delaying tactics, so he sent people to Chengdu (Chengdu City, Sichuan Province) to proclaim his ministership to Gongsun, the emperor of the Cheng family. 18. The Xiongnu Khanate (the royal court is located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) and the Han Emperor (capital Jiuyuan) Lu Fang (Liu Wenbo) government supported by it continued to invade the south.Emperor Liu Xiu of the Eastern Han Dynasty ordered Liu Sa, Marquis of Guide, to go to the Xiongnu as an envoy to restore the old friendship between the two sides.The Xiongnu called the capital and the corpse road, Gao Ruotan Shanyu (twenty-year-old), was arrogant and arrogant. Although he also sent envoys to apply for employment, the harassment remained the same. 1. In spring and March, the Eastern Han government (the capital Luoyang) issued an order to revoke militia units such as "chariots", "cavalry", and "strong bows" in all counties and feudal states, and demobilize soldiers. 2. Gongsun Shu, Emperor Chengjia (the capital of Chengdu), named Kaixiao as the king of Shuoning (the capital of Pingxiang), and sent troops to assist in the defense as support. 3. On March 30, a solar eclipse. Emperor Liu Xiu (thirty-six years old this year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the first Guangwu Emperor) ordered civil and military officials to submit a "Secret Memorial", stipulating that words such as "God" and "Holy" should not be used to describe the emperor in the memorial.Zheng Xing, a middle-level state official (Taizhong doctor), wrote a letter saying: "There is no good governance in the country, and the condemnation of heaven is displayed on the sun or the moon. Good governance has not been established. The main thing is that the government must employ people with integrity. Senior Most of the officials recommended Guo Ji, the magistrate of Yuyang County (Miyun County, Beijing) as the Supreme Inspector General (Da Sikong), but His Majesty has been unwilling to make a decision. Rumors abounded on the road, saying: "The government will appoint a Heroic officials.'Once a heroic official takes up an important position in the government, there is no guarantee that he will be competent. I ask His Majesty to wrong me and accept everyone's opinions, so as to encourage the officials to give in. Recently, a solar eclipse occurred on the 30th day of the month There are so many of them because the moon moves too fast to match the sky and the earth. The sun symbolizes the king and the moon symbolizes the ministers. The king is eager and the ministers are pressing, so the moon rotates too fast. Now, Your Majesty is high above and sees the world clearly, but the ministers are panicked. Uneasy, I suggest that Your Majesty read the records in "Hong Fan" and consider using soft methods." Liu Xiu personally handles administrative affairs, sometimes too strict or too urgent, so Zheng Xing especially emphasized. 4. In summer, on April 19th, the Eastern Han government amnesty. 5. On May 6, the Eastern Han government appointed Li Tong, a former general, as the chief inspector (Da Sikong. Li Tong is still a hero, and Zheng Xing's memorial has no effect). 6. Jiang Feng, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Sinonong) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, suggested in a letter, saying: "It is best for the commander of the general garrison of Gyeonggi (Sili Xiaowei) to be responsible for monitoring the three publics." He wrote to object, saying: "I once heard that the emperor respects cadres as teachers; the overlord treats cadres as friends and guests. Therefore, Ji Fa (King Wu) regards Jiang Ziya (Tai Gong) as his master, Jiang Xiaobai (Qi Huan) ) referred to Guan Zhong as Uncle (Father Zhong). In the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Gao (Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) specially raised the status of the prime minister, and Taizong (the fifth Liu Heng of the Western Han Dynasty) specially authorized the prime minister to have the right to kill (Liu Bang ordered Xiao Heke Bringing a sword and wearing shoes to the palace. Liu Heng allowed the prime minister Shen Tujia to summon Deng Tong), and when Wang Mang, the Western Han Dynasty declined, he took control of the state power and finally usurped it. The deprivation of authority reduces the majesty of the prime minister. It is believed that it is wise to be aware of privacy; it is honest to expose people's shortcomings. Therefore, subordinates denounced the chief, and children denounced the father and brother. Know where to put it. However, Dong Zhong’s rebellion could not be prevented (Dong Zhong was the great Sima of the new dynasty, refer to 2023), and Wang Mang was finally killed. Today, the Quartet is still not peaceful, the world has not yet been unified, and the people Keep your eyes open to watch, and your ears to listen. Your Majesty should restore the laws and regulations of Ji Chang (text) and Ji Fa (wu), inherit the kindness left by the ancestors, make friends with intellectuals with heart, and stoop to entertain talented people. It really shouldn't be used The relevant unit will become a secret service agency to monitor the high-ranking officials." Liu Xiu accepted this suggestion. 7. Zhu Zeng, the governor of Jiuquan County (Jiuquan City, Gansu Province), resigned on his own initiative because his younger brother took revenge and murdered (Zhu Zeng's younger brother Zhu Ying killed Wang Yin, an officer in the immigrant area, etc. for revenge).Dou Rong, the plenipotentiary governor (mu) of Liangzhou (Gansu Province), issued an edict (inheritance system) on behalf of the emperor, appointing Zhu Zeng as General Wufeng, and then appointing Xin Xun as the governor of Jiuquan County. 8、秋季，向成家帝国（首都成都）称臣的朔宁王（首都平襄）隗嚣，率步骑联合兵团三万人，攻击安定郡（宁夏固原县），抵达阴槃（陕西省长武县西北），东汉征西大将军冯异，率军堵截。隗嚣又命其他将领，沿陇山而下，攻击东汉征虏将军祭遵驻扎的汧县（陕西省陇县），全都不能获胜，撤退。 东汉帝刘秀，亲自攻击隗嚣，先跟窦融约定出军日期，可是碰上大雨，道路断绝。而隗嚣军又已经撤退，才取消此项计划。 刘秀命来歙写信给王遵，王遵遂背弃隗嚣，归降刘秀。刘秀任命他当中级国务官（太中大夫），封向义侯。 9、冬季，匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）支持的汉帝（首都九原）卢芳（刘文伯），因事诛杀当初迎接他回国登基的功臣：五原郡（内蒙古包头市）郡长李兴兄弟，引起众叛亲离。朔方郡（内蒙古杭锦旗北黄河南岸）郡长田飒、云中郡（内蒙古托克托县）郡长乔扈，连同郡土，一齐投降东汉政府。刘秀命他们仍留任原官原职。 10、东汉帝刘秀，喜爱神秘预言书（图谶），跟郑兴讨论郊外祭祀天神地神事件，说：“我想用神秘预言书（谶）来作决断，你以为如何？”郑兴说：“我从不信神秘预言书。”刘秀的脸色大变，说：“你不信，认为它不对，是不是？”郑兴惶恐，说：“我对神秘预言书没有研究，无法认为它不对。”刘秀的盛怒才告化解。 11、东汉南阳郡（河南省南阳市）郡长杜诗，治理郡政，清廉公平，兴利除害，人民都很感谢。杜诗又兴建水利，开垦荒田。郡内家家户户，都十分富足。郡民把他比作召信臣（召信臣，参考前三三年），大家称颂说：“前有召老爹，后有杜老娘。” 1、春季，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）皇家警卫指挥官（中郎将）来歙，率两千余人，翻山越岭，开辟道路，从番须（陕西省陇县西北。赤眉曾在此地冻死大批士卒，参考二六年九月）、回中（陕西省陇县西北），直袭略阳（甘肃省秦安县东北），斩朔宁守将金梁。隗嚣大为震惊，说：“怎么如此神速！”（此时，隗嚣驻平襄，距略阳航空距离八十千米）。东汉帝（一任光武帝）刘秀（本年三十七岁）得到战报，喜不自胜，说：“略阳是隗嚣最重要的屏障，我们直捣心脏，隗嚣中枢已经瘫痪，再控制他的肢体，就容易多了。” 全国武装部队最高指挥官（大司马）吴汉等将领，听到来歙占领略阳，争着要率军西进。刘秀认为：隗嚣突然失去险阻，丢掉最重要的战略城市，绝不善自罢休，势必动员最精锐的部队反击，等到围攻的时间拖得够久，而仍不能克复，官兵士卒，不可避免的会疲惫困顿，这时候再发动总攻，才是乘敌人之危。于是，下令吴汉等回军。 隗嚣果然采取强烈的大规模反应，派王元据守陇坻（甘肃省庄浪县东），行巡据守番须口（陕西省陇县西北），王孟据守鸡头道（宁夏隆德县，六盘山峡道之一），牛邯据守瓦亭（宁夏西吉县东南）。布置妥当后，隗嚣亲自率领大军数万人，包围略阳。成家帝（首都成都）公孙述，更派大将李育、田弇，前来参战。挖掘山上土石，建筑堤坝，企图用水淹没略阳。来歙跟他的两千余人的将士，誓死固守，箭都射尽，就拆除民房，搜括木材竹片，作为武器。隗嚣出动精锐，全力进攻，一月有余，不能夺取。 夏季，闰四月，刘秀亲自出征隗嚣，宫廷禁卫官司令（光禄勋）汝南郡（河南省平舆县西北射桥乡）人郭宪，劝阻说：“东方刚刚平定，人心不稳，陛下不可以远离首都。”抽出佩刀，砍断马缰。刘秀不听，西行到漆县（陕西省彬县），多数将领们都认为，帝王亲领的部队，不应该深入遥远而又危险的蛮荒山区，刘秀有点犹豫，于是征召马援，询问意见。马援指出：隗嚣的将领们有土崩瓦解的趋势，如果进军，必定可以击破强敌。就在刘秀面前，用米聚成山谷河川，整个地势，尽在眼底，马援分析进军路线，十分清晰。刘秀说：“好了，隗嚣全在我掌握之中。”第二天凌晨，大军出发，进抵高平第一（高平，宁夏固原县，安定郡郡政府所在。高平第一，即高平第一城，也就是高平）。 凉州全权州长窦融，率五郡（五郡，参考前年十二月）郡长以及羌部落兵团、小月氏部落（居住在祁连山南麓一带）兵团等步骑兵共几万人，辎重车五千余辆，也抵达高平第一，跟刘秀的大军会师。这时，东汉政府仍是草创，部队将领们朝见皇帝的礼仪，仍保持当初河北（黄河以北）起兵时淳朴简单的风气，一点也不复杂。可是，窦融先派参谋官（从事）到御营请示朝见时的礼仪。刘秀大为欢喜，宣告其他将领效法。设下丰富的酒筵，用群臣所难以享受到的最尊贵的礼节，招待窦融。 于是，联军分开数路，沿着陇山进击。刘秀命王遵写信给牛邯，牛邯遂献出瓦亭，刘秀任命牛邯当中级国务官（太中大夫），霎时间，隗嚣大将十三人，属县十六个，部队十余万，全都归降。隗嚣在震骇中抛弃军队，只带着妻子儿女和少数卫士，投奔驻扎西县（甘肃省礼县东北）的大将杨广。成家将领田弇、李育，则撤退到上邽（甘肃省天水市）。略阳解围。刘秀慰劳来歙，特别把席位设在所有将领之上，赏赐来歙妻子绸缎一千匹。 刘秀进军上邽，下诏给隗嚣，说：“你如果能放弃武力，前来归附，父子还可相见，保证没有其他事故。如果一定要当英布（参考前一九五年），也随你便。”隗嚣仍不肯投降。刘秀下令诛杀人质隗恂（隗嚣的儿子，时在河内郡）。命吴汉、岑彭，包围西县。耿弇、盖延，包围上邽。 刘秀封窦融当安丰侯，划四县作为采邑；封窦融的弟弟窦友当显亲侯；五郡郡长，全封侯爵（竺曾封助义侯、梁统封成义候，史苞封褒义侯、库钧封辅义侯、辛肜封扶义侯），命他们都回原来官署。窦融因在一个地方掌权的时间太久，恐怕发生变化，心不自安，数次上书辞职，请求中央派人接替。刘秀下诏回答说：“我跟将军，情同手足。你总是要求退休，为什么不了解我的诚意？请勉强安抚人民，不要擅自离开你的部队。” 2、东汉政府大后方，突然发生巨变。颍川郡（河南省禹州市）变民蜂起，一连攻陷数县。驻防河东郡（山西省夏县）的部队也叛变，首都洛阳震动（颍川跟洛阳航空距离一百一十千米，河东跟洛阳航空距离也一百一十千米）。刘秀跺脚说：“我后悔没有接受郭宪的建议。” 秋季，八月，刘秀心急如火，从上邽东返，快马加鞭，日夜奔驰。写信给岑彭等，说：“如果能攻破两城，就率领大军，乘势南击成家政府。人，总是不知道满足，既得到陇地（甘肃省东部），又进一步想得到蜀郡（那政府设成都）。每次决定出兵，头发胡须，都为之发白。” 九月一日，刘秀回到洛阳，对首都洛阳警备区司令（执金吾）寇恂说：“颍川郡（河南省禹州市）就在京师（首都洛阳）门口，应当及时控制。我想也只有你能把这些盗贼扑灭，请你以部长级高官的身份，带兵出征。”寇恂说：“颍川郡听说陛下远征陇地（隗嚣）、蜀郡（公孙述），奸猾之辈，想乘机干上一票，并没有更大的野心。听说陛下回都（洛阳），一定吓得发抖，我愿充当大军先锋。”刘秀应许。 九月六日，刘秀御驾亲征，颍川变民全部投降。而寇恂却没有被任命当郡长，郡民们在道路上拦住刘秀的卫队，请求说：“请求陛下再把寇恂借给我们一年。”（寇恂曾担任过颍川郡长，所以说“再借”。）刘秀就把寇恂留在长社（河南省长葛县），命他安抚人民，镇压反制，收容陆续归降的残余变民。 东郡（河南省濮阳市西南）、济阴郡（山东省定陶县）变民，也纷纷起兵。刘秀派最高监察长（大司空）李通、忠汉将军王常，率军镇压。东光侯耿纯，曾经当过东郡郡长，在卫国故地（春秋战国时代，卫国首府就在濮阳）上，留有恩德和美誉。刘秀任命耿纯当中级国务官（太中大夫），使他跟大军会合。东郡变民九千余人，听说耿纯进入郡界，就向耿纯归降。李通、王常的军队，没有经过战斗，即行班师。刘秀下诏，命耿纯再当东郡郡长。 九月二十四日，刘秀从颍川返抵首都洛阳。 3、东汉安丘侯张步，带着妻子儿女，从洛阳逃到临淮郡（江苏省泗洪县南），跟他的两位老弟张弘、张蓝，打算号召他的旧部，乘大船入海。琅邪郡（山东省诸城市）郡长陈俊追击，生擒，斩首。 4、冬季，十月二十二日，刘秀前往怀县（河内郡郡政府所在县·河南省武陟县）。 十一月十二日，刘秀返回首都洛阳。 5、西州（甘肃省东部）战事胶着，东汉大军围困朔宁王隗嚣所在西县，而西县守将杨广逝世，隗嚣穷途末路。他的另一位大将王捷，据守戎丘（西县西南小山），在城墙上向东汉包围军大声呼喊：“我们给大王（隗嚣）守城，自知道非死不可，但绝没有二心。盼望你们撤退，我用自杀证明。”自刎身死。 6、最初，刘秀下令全国武装部队最高指挥官（大司马）吴汉，说：“各郡派来的民兵，战斗力不强，却增加粮秣消耗。一旦发生逃亡，更会动摇军心，应打发他们回去。”可是，吴汉正围攻西县，不愿减少兵力，不肯马上送返。粮秣经不住庞大消耗，日渐减少，官兵全都疲惫，逃亡的每天都在增多，军心开始不稳。征南大将军岑彭阻断谷水，企图淹没西县，水位距城头只一丈有余。而这时，朔宁大将王元、行巡、周宗等，率领成家政府五千余人的救兵，从高处突然出现，战鼓声中大声呼喊：“百万大军正在挺进，就要来到！”东汉军惊恐，还没有来得及结阵，王元等的攻击已经发动，勇不可当，竟杀出一条血路，进入西县，再杀出一条血路，护送隗嚣投奔冀县（甘肃省甘谷县）。 吴汉等大军粮秣已尽，不能再留，只好焚烧辎重，顺着陇山，向东撤退。盖延、耿弇也跟着向东撤退。朔宁军尾追攻击，岑彭率军殿后，艰苦抵御，大军总算安全脱离。只有征虏将军祭遵仍坚守汧县（陕西省陇县）不去。吴汉等最后回到长安（陕西省西安市），岑彭回到津乡（湖北省江陵县东）。 安定郡（宁夏固原县）、北地郡（宁夏吴忠市西南）、天水郡（甘肃通渭县）、陇西郡（甘肃省临洮县），全都驱逐东汉官员，再回归隗嚣。 东汉指挥官（校尉）太原郡（山西省太原市）人温序，被朔宁将领苟宇俘虏，苟宇再三再四劝温序投降，温序咆哮说：“你们这些匪徒，怎么敢迫害中央大将。”用手中所拿的“符节”，击杀数人。苟宇左右要格杀温序，苟宇阻止，说：“这是一位忠臣义士，一心死节，给他一把宝剑。”温序接剑之后，把长须衔到口中，对左右说：“既然死于盗贼，莫教胡子断到地上。”自刎而死。参谋官（从事）王忠，把尸首运回洛阳。刘秀下诏，赏赐墓地，任命温序三个儿子，都当宫廷禁卫官（郎）。 7、十二月，高句丽王国（首都国内城）大武神王（三任）高无恤，派使节到中国进贡。东汉帝刘秀恢复他的王爵封号（新王朝皇帝王莽，把高无恤贬为下句丽侯）。 8、本年，大水成灾。 1、春季，正月，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）征虏将军、颍阳侯（成侯）祭遵，在军中逝世。东汉帝（一任光武帝）刘秀（本年三十八岁）下诏：命征西大将军冯异，接收祭遵的部队。 祭遵这个人，廉洁、简俭，小心谨慎，奉公守法，所得到的赏赐，都分给部下官兵，但对部下要求严格，军队风纪良好，以至地方官员跟人民，有时简直不知道有大军驻扎。引用人才，完全以儒家思想作为标准。遇到欢筵聚会，一定用儒家学派欣赏的雅歌，并举行古老的“投壶”比赛（《礼记·投壶蚝》对“投壶”，有较详报道，但是，看了后仍然不懂。这个早已失传了的儒家学派重要典礼节目，可能既简单又笨拙。一个长脖子的大瓮——说它是一个大花瓶也行，可装五升黄豆，然后用一枝树枝，遥遥而向瓮口掷去，依照被树枝撞击跳出来的黄豆数目，决定胜负。黄豆数目多的，罚数目少的饮酒）。临死时，吩咐薄葬。问他家里事情，则不作答复。 刘秀哀悼已极，祭遵棺木运到首都洛阳，刘秀穿着丧服，亲临吊丧，失声痛哭。回宫时，经过城门，看到柩车经过，泪流满面，不能克制。丧礼完成后，再亲自用太牢（牛羊猪各一）祭奠。下诏皇后宫总管（大长秋）、皇家礼宾官（谒者）、首都洛阳特别市长（河南尹），联合主持丧葬事宜，而由农林部（大司农）国库负担费用。下葬之日，刘秀再度亲自驾临。下葬之后，又亲自到坟墓上致哀，安慰祭遵夫人跟全家。后来，金銮宝殿上朝会时，刘秀每每叹息，说：“我去哪里找一个奉公爱国，像祭遵这样的人才！”皇城保安司令（卫尉）铫期进言说：“陛下天性仁爱，这么哀念祭遵，但也使其他官员心里惭愧，产生恐惧。”（使大家都自以为不如祭遵）刘秀才停止。 2、朔宁王（首都冀县）隗嚣患病，病情沉重，又逢严重饥馑。以隗嚣的尊贵地位，也只能吃到黄豆羼杂稻米煮成的干饭。懊悔与愤怒交集，一病不起，逝世。大将王元、周宗，拥立隗嚣的幼子隗纯继承王位，继续据守冀县。 成家帝（首都成都）公孙述，派将领赵匡、田弇，率军帮助隗纯。东汉帝刘秀命征西大将军冯异阻击。 3、成家帝公孙述，命翼江王田戎、宰相（大司徒）任满、南郡（湖北省江陵县。此时南郡属东汉）郡长程汎，率大军几万人，东出江关（重庆市奉节县东），先行击败东汉威虏将军冯骏（二九年，征南大将军岑彭留冯骏守江关），再一连攻陷巫县（重庆市巫山县）、夷道（湖北省枝城市）、夷陵（湖北省宜昌市），遂进据荆门山（在湖北省枝城市西北长江西岸）、虎牙山（湖北省枝江县西北猇亭镇北），横亘长江，兴建桥梁、碉堡、城楼，用树木石头，投入江中，断绝船舶航道，再连山结营，堵塞陆路，企图阻止东汉水陆攻击。 4、夏季，六月六日，东汉帝刘秀，前往缑氏（河南省偃师县东南），攀登轘辕关（河南省登封县西北）。 5、东汉全国武装部队最高指挥官（大司马）吴汉，率忠汉将军王常等四位将军，部队五万人，攻击匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）支持的汉帝（首都九原）卢芳（刘文伯）将领贾览、闵堪据守的高柳（山西省阳高县）。匈奴汗国派军入援，东汉兵团无法抵挡，溃退。 匈奴气势升高，抢掠烧杀，更为严重。刘秀命建义大将军朱祜，进驻常山郡（河北省元氏县）；忠汉将军王常，进驻涿郡（河北省涿州市）；破奸将军侯进，进驻渔阳郡（北京市密云县）；任命讨虏将军王霸当上谷郡（河北省怀来县）郡长；戒备匈奴。 6、刘秀任命来歙全权统率驻扎西京（长安·陕西省西安市）的部队和将领，而由中级国务官（太中大夫）马援，担任助手。来歙上书说：“公孙述把陇西郡（甘肃省临洮县）、天水郡（甘肃省通渭县）作为屏障，才能够苟延残喘。而今，两郡都已平定，公孙述的智略已穷。我们应乘此时机，征调兵马，储备粮秣。西州（甘肃省东部）刚刚破败，军民疲惫饥饿，如果用金钱或粮秣作为诱惑，就可以立即集结一个强大兵团。我知道政府要办的事太多，财政困难。然而，这样做也是万不得已。”刘秀认为正确，于是下诏，在汧县（陕西省陇县）积储粮食六万斛。 秋季，八月，来歙率征西大将军冯异等五位将军，向西攻击天水郡，讨伐隗纯。 7、东汉骠骑将军杜茂，跟匈奴支持的汉帝（首都九原）卢芳部将贾览，在繁畤（山西省浑源县西南）会战，杜茂大败。 8、西羌各部落，在新王朝末年，陆续迁住到边塞之内，金城郡（甘肃省永靖县西北）所属各县，多被占据。隗嚣无力阻止，只好善加安抚，并利用他们的武装力量，跟东汉政府对抗。东汉宰相府秘书（司徒掾）班彪，上书说：“凉州（甘肃省）各地，都有归附的西羌部落。羌人披散着头发，衣服在左边开襟（披发左衽），却跟汉人混杂生活在一起，风俗习惯全不相同，言语又不相通，不断被小官小吏跟奸猾小民，欺骗抢夺；控诉无门，以致不得不起兵抗暴历来蛮夷叛乱，都是这个缘故。从前，西汉王朝时代，益州（四川省及云南省）设有'蛮夷保安骑兵司令'（蛮夷骑都尉），幽州（河北省北部及辽宁省）设有'乌桓保安司令'（领乌桓校尉），凉州（甘肃省）设有'西羌保安司令'（护羌校尉），都'持节'，授给他们全权（年俸比二千石，秘书长一人，军政官二人，年俸都是六百石）。处理他们的纷争，每年巡查各地，探问民间疾苦隐情，并不断派出翻译官，疏导官民间误解，观察动向，使塞外的羌人和夷人，充当官吏的耳目。州政府或郡政府，也因此得以提前戒备。现在应该恢复昔日制度，加强政府功能。” 刘秀接受这项建议，任命牛邯当西羌保安司令（护羌校尉）。 9、一件惊人的惨事发生。强盗格杀刘秀原配妻子、贵人（小老婆群第一级）阴丽华的娘亲邓女士跟阴丽华的弟弟阴䜣。刘秀十分悲伤，封阴丽华的另一弟弟