Chapter 6 3. National Melee

In the middle of this century, the extremely corrupt regime of the Western Han Dynasty ran downhill, and was finally completely taken over by his assistant minister Wang Mang.Liu Bang's Western Han Dynasty fell, and Wang Mang's new dynasty was established.Wang Mang is a great Confucian of the Confucian school. After he came to power, he deliberately implemented the ancient political system most admired by the Confucian school. As a result, he caused chaos in the whole country and forced all ethnic minorities, including the Huns, to become enemies of the Han people.The new dynasty collapsed after only fifteen years.Liu Xiu, a Miao descendant of the royal family of the Western Han Dynasty, unified the country after the melee and established the Eastern Han Dynasty. Although the Qiang people fought and the Western Regions were lost, the Eastern Han Dynasty remained quite strong.

1. In spring, the first month, Liu Xiu, the supreme commander of the national armed forces (Da Sima) of the Xuanhan Dynasty (capital Luoyang), could not resist the threat of the Han Emperor (capital Handan) Wang Lang (Liu Ziyu) and fled north. Arrive in Ji County (the county where Guangyang County Government is located · Beijing City). 2. General Shen Tujian of Xiping of the Xuanhan Dynasty, and Li Song, the executive officer of the Prime Minister's Office (Sizhi), traveled from Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) to Luoyang to welcome Emperor Xuanhan (the first term) Liu Xuan to move the capital.

In February, Liu Xuan set out from Luoyang. In the beginning, some heroes in the Sanfu area (Guanzhong area, central Shaanxi Province) used the name of the Western Han Dynasty to gather troops and kill Wang Mang. Everyone wanted to be named a marquis.Unexpectedly, after Shentu Jian arrived, he first beheaded Wang Xian, and then threatened: "The young people of Sanfu are cunning enough. They committed rebellion and even killed the leader (referring to Wang Mang)!" Both terrified and angry, so each side dominates and refuses to cooperate with the Xuanhan government. Shen Tujian is unable to restore normal order.

After Liu Xuan arrived in Chang'an, he issued an edict of amnesty: "Unless the descendants of Wang Mang, the crimes committed by others will be completely exonerated." The tension in Sanfu finally subsided. 3. At this time, in Chang'an City, only the Weiyang Palace was destroyed by fire. Other palaces, equipment, warehouses, and government offices remained in their original state, and the bustling market remained as it used to be.Liu Xuan lived in Changle Palace (formerly the residence of the Empress Dowager), formally climbed to the Jinluan Palace, and received the officials.Civil and military officials assembled in the court in a solemn and solemn manner in accordance with the order of superiority and inferiority.Liu Xuan had never seen such a scene before. He was flustered, lowered his head, and kept scratching his seat with his fingernails, not daring to raise his head to face his officials.When some generals came to see them later, Liu Xuan asked, "How many things have you robbed?" The attendants and eunuchs on the left and right are all old people in the court. Hearing the emperor's question, you look at me and I look at you. mouth.

4. Li Song and Zhao Meng from Jiyang (South of Nanyang City, Henan Province) suggested that Liu Xuan should confer titles of princes on all the meritorious officials.Zhu Tuan firmly opposed it, thinking that Liu Bang (the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) had stipulated that no one with the surname Liu could be named a prince.Therefore, Liu Xuansui first granted the royal family surnamed Liu in Jin Dynasty: Liu Zhi was granted the title of King Dingtao (capital Dingtao), Liu Qing was named King Yan (capital Jixian), Liu She was named King Yuanshi (capital Yuanshi), and Liu Jia was named King Hanzhong ( The capital Nanzheng), Liu Cifeng Wanwang (capital Wanxian), Liu Envelope Ruyinwang (capital Ruyin).

Re-appointment of meritorious officials not named Liu: Wang Kuang (Xinshi soldier) was granted the title of King Suyang (capital Biyang), Wang Feng (Xinshi soldier) was granted the title of King Yicheng (capital Yicheng), Zhu Tuan was granted the title of King Jiaodong (capital Jimo) , Wang Chang named Deng Wang (capital Dengxian), Shentu Jianfeng named Pingshi King (capital Pingshi), Chen Mu named Yinping King (capital Yinping), Imperial City Security Commander (Weiwei) General Zhang Ying named Huaiyang King (Chen County, the capital), Commander of the Garrison District of Chang'an, the capital (Zhi Jinwu), General Liao Zhanfeng Rangwang (Rang County, the capital), Palace Secretary (Shangshu) Hu Yinfeng Suiwang (Suixian, the capital), General Li Tong of Zhutian Feng Xiping King (capital Xiping), Wuwei Guard Commander (Wuwei Zhonglang General) Li Yi Feng Wuyin King (capital Wuyin), Water Conservancy Director (Water Balance) General Cheng Dan Feng Xiangyi King (capital Xiangyi ), Hussar General Zong Yu was granted the title of King Yingyin (the capital Yingyin), and Yin Zun was granted the title of King Yan (the capital Yan County).

Only Zhu Tuan resolutely declined and refused to accept.Liu Xuansui appointed Zhu Yu as the supreme commander of the left wing (Zuo Da Sima), and Wan Wang Liu bestowed the supreme commander of the current wing (former Da Sima), and sent them to Luoyang with Li Yi and others to suppress and appease the Guandong (east of Xiaoshan).He also sent Li Tong, king of Xiping, to guard Jingzhou (Hubei Province and Hunan Province).Deng Wangwang often acted as the county magistrate of Nanyang County (Nanyang City, Henan Province).Then Li Song was appointed as prime minister (Prime Minister), and Zhao Meng was appointed as the supreme commander of the right wing (You Da Sima) to jointly preside over the central government.

5. Liu Xuan brought Zhao Meng's daughter into the palace, made her his wife, and handed over the power to Zhao Meng.Liu Xuan feasted day and night in the harem, and the officials had important reports, but Liu Xuan was too drunk to meet him.When it is really impossible to refuse, ask the court attendant (servant) to sit in the curtain and answer for him.Another beautiful little wife of Liu Xuan, Mrs. Han, is especially fond of drinking. Every time she accompanied Liu Xuan to a feast, she would lose her temper when she saw the eunuch (Zhong Changshi) serving in the bedroom come to report the state affairs, saying: "The emperor is coming with me. Drinking, at this juncture, is there something to do?" Jumped up, tore the memorial to pieces, and fell on the desk.

Zhao Meng has great power in his hands, he has no fear, and he can kill whoever he wants.A loyal official revealed Zhao Meng's crime to Liu Xuan. Liu Xuan drew his sword and beheaded the official on the spot like an explosion.Since then, no one has dared to speak the truth.At this time, some low-class people, including cooks, were appointed officials and knighted.There are "jingles" on the streets of Chang'an, saying: "If you raise it under the stove, you will become a general of Zhonglang (commander of the royal guard). If you have a rotten sheep stomach, you will become a cavalry captain (inspector of the cavalry). If you have a rotten sheep head, you will become a Marquis of Guannei." quasi-marquis)."

Li Shu, the general of the military division, wrote a letter to advise: "Your Majesty's great cause of unifying the country is certainly due to the momentum of Xiajiang soldiers (Wang Chang) and Pinglin soldiers (Chen Mu), but this momentum is only an impact force, and it cannot be used to attack the enemy. We must understand that even the sages attach great importance to official position (name) and power (device). They are not suitable candidates, and I hope they can make some contribution to the country, like climbing a tree to fish, or climbing a mountain to collect pearls. The people of the whole country speculate on the fate of the government from this point." Liu Xuan was furious and arrested Li Shu and sent him to prison.

The generals acted arbitrarily all over the country, rewarded and punished at will, and appointed governors (shepherds) and county chiefs (guards). Sometimes in a state or a county, there were governors and sheriffs sent by general A, and there were governors and sheriffs sent by general B. The governors and county chiefs overlap each other, and neither the central government nor the local people know what to do.The people in Guanzhong (central part of Shaanxi Province) dispersed, the people of the whole country resented, and some people began to resist. 6. Liu Xuanzheng summoned Kai Xiao (隗, sound wei. He was stationed in Tianshui County at the time) and Kai Xiao's uncles, Kui Cui and Kai Yi. Kai Xiao was about to leave. Is an uncertain number, try to discourage.Kai Xiao refused to accept it, so Fang Wang left a letter of resignation and drifted away.When Kai Xiao arrived in Chang'an, Liu Xuan appointed Kai Xiao as General of the Right, while Kui Cui and Kai Yi maintained their official positions (Kai Cui called himself General Baihu, and Kai Yi called himself General Zuo). 7. Geng Kuang, county magistrate of Shanggu (Huailai County, Hebei Province), sent his son Geng Yan (sound yan) to Chang'an to present a memorial to the Xuanhan government.Geng Yan is 21 years old this year. When he walked to Songzi (northeast of Zhao County, Hebei Province), he met Wang Lang (Liu Ziyu) who raised an army and proclaimed himself emperor (refer to December last year).Geng Yan's attendants, Sun Cang and Wei Bao, said: "Liu Ziyu is the direct blood of Liu Ao, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (Emperor Cheng), and he is of real royal blood. If you don't join him, why run so far?" Geng Yan put his hand on the hilt of his sword. , Said: "Liu Ziyu is just a group of thieves, and will eventually be captured. I went to the capital Chang'an and presented the government (Xuanhan) with troops from Shanggu and Yuyang (Miyun County, Beijing). When I came back, I dispatched a surprise attack. The army, dealing with Liu Ziyu's gang of mobs, is like destroying the dead. If you don't take a firm stand on the big festival, the whole family will soon be wiped out." Sun Cang and Wei Bao still quietly fled and went to Wang Lang (Liu Ziyu). Geng Yan heard that Liu Xiu, the supreme commander of the Xuanhan National Armed Forces (Da Sima), was in Lunu (the capital of Zhongshan State, Dingzhou City, Hebei Province), so he went directly north to meet him.Liu Xiu left him as a staff officer (Chang Shi), and went north to Jixian (Beijing) together.And Wang Lang's proclamation also arrived, offering a reward of 100,000 marquises to buy Liu Xiu's head.Liu Xiuming County Government Administrative Assistant (Gongcao Lingshi) Wang Ba from Yingchuan (Yuzhou City, Henan Province) went to the streets to recruit recruits to fight back against Wang Lang. The citizens couldn't help laughing and surrounded Wang Ba. Gestures, sarcasm for his overreaching.Wang Ba was both ashamed and sad, and fled back in embarrassment. Liu Xiu was desperate and planned to go south and return to the capital Chang'an.Geng Yan said: "Our enemy is in the south and is attacking north. If you go south, you will fall into a trap. Peng Chong, the governor (prefect) of Yuyang County, is your fellow villager (both belong to Nanyang County); the governor of Shanggu County, It's my father. If you can mobilize the armed forces of these two counties—10,000 cavalry, you don't have to worry about Handan." But Liu Xiu's cronies and officials objected unanimously, saying: "Even if you die, your head must face south. , Why did you cast far to the north, didn’t you fall into the cloth bag?” Liu Xiu pointed to Geng Yan and said, “He is my 'Northern Road Master'!" At this time, Liu Jie, the son of Liu Jia (the fifth grandson of the seventh emperor Liu Che) of the former Guangyang King (the capital of Jixian) of the Western Han Dynasty, mobilized the masses in Jixian (Beijing) to respond to Wang Lang, and the whole city was chaotic in an instant. It is rumored that the imperial envoy sent by Handan has arrived, and all officials below the county level (two thousand stones) have greeted them.Liu Xiu was terrified, and rushed out of the guest house where he was staying, and fled southward.When they arrived at the south gate, the city gate was closed, so they attacked the guards and broke through the gate.The people were panicked, running around day and night, not daring to enter the city, eating by the side of the road when they were hungry, and sleeping by the side of the road when they were tired.After finally arriving at Wuwei Pavilion (south of Suning County, Hebei Province), the weather was extremely cold, so Feng Yi got a bowl of hot soybean milk from somewhere and brought it to Liu Xiu.Arriving in Raoyang (northeast of Raoyang County, Hebei Province, 180 kilometers away from Jixian by air), this group of desperadoes were hungry and cold and could not support them.Reluctantly, Liu Xiu decided to take a risk, so he claimed to be the envoy of His Majesty the Emperor of Handan (Wang Lang), grandly opened the gate of the city, and lived in a guest house.The officials of the guest house hosted a banquet, and Liu Xiu's subordinates were all hungry and thirsty. When they saw the delicious big fish and meat on the table, they fought for food like beggars.Seeing this, the officials of the guest house suddenly became suspicious, thinking that they were not the real envoys of the emperor, so they secretly sent people to beat the drums outside, and shouted loudly: "General Handan (Han Emperor Wang Lang) is here!" There was a big change, Liu Xiu jumped into the carriage and was about to run wildly, but after thinking about it, he was trapped in the city and couldn't escape, so he had to go back to his seat and said bravely, "Please meet General Handan!" False alarm, he paused for a while before leaving Raoyang.Dare not to stop along the way, marching day and night, with the wind and frost on the head, the snow and ice on the feet, and the face was cracked by the frost. When we arrived at Xiaquyang (west of Jinzhou City, Hebei Province), we got information; Wang Lang's pursuers were approaching.Liu Xiu and others were terrified, and galloped to the Hutuo River (Hutuo, pronounced hutuo). The Tanma who walked in front came back and reported, saying: "The river is full of broken ice, and there are no boats, so it is impossible to cross!" Tan, the situation is as expected.Wang Ba was afraid that everyone would be frightened, and they might disperse at once. He was going to take one step at a time. When he got to the river, he really couldn't make the transition. , Liu Xiu said with a smile: "Exploring the horse is really nonsense." Move on.A strange thing happened at this time. When they reached the river, the ice of the river had really frozen solid due to the severe cold.Liu Xiu ordered Wang Ba to deploy to cross the river, but there were only a few horses left, and the river ice melted again. When they arrived in Nangong (Nangong City, Hebei Province), there was another violent storm, so Liu Xiu and others hid in an empty house by the side of the road.Feng Yi found some firewood, Deng Yu lit it, Liu Xiu took off his wet clothes and dried them on the fire, and Feng Yi served gruel made of wheat. When they arrived in the west of Xiabo (southeast of Shen County, Hebei Province), Liu Xiu and his party looked around in a daze, not knowing where to go.Just in time, an old man in white was on the side of the road and pointed out: "Everyone, don't be discouraged. Xindu County (Ji County, Hebei Province) is still loyal to Chang'an (Xuanhan Government), and it is only 80 miles away from here." Liu Xiu then rushed to Xindu.At this time, all the counties and feudal states north of the Yellow River were all subordinated to Wang Lang, and only Ren Guang, the governor of Nanyang (Nanyang City, Henan Province), and Xindu (West of Jinzhou City, Hebei Province), the governor of Herong (West of Jinzhou City, Hebei Province) Pixun (sound rong), a native of Ji County in the province, refused to accept (the new government divided Xindu County into Herong County, and the Herong County Government set up Quyang).Ren Guang is worrying that this lonely city cannot hold on alone, and he may eventually fall.Hearing Liu Xiu's arrival, as if the savior had arrived, he couldn't help being overjoyed, and the whole city officials and people shouted long live.Pixun also came from Herong to meet. Most of those who participated in the emergency meeting advocated returning to Chang'an quickly under the escort of the local troops of Xindu County.Pixun said to Liu Xiu: "It has not been a day since the people missed the Western Han Dynasty. Therefore, as soon as the emperor (Liu Xuan) ascended the throne, the whole world responded. In the Sanfu area, clean the palace, clean the streets, and greet them respectfully. Now, Wang Lang can't do it. A fortune teller who set up a hexagram booth, under the guise of his name and situation, used violence to gather some mobs, and was lucky enough to get the land of Yanzhao (Hebei Province). The foundation is not solid. If you mobilize the two counties (Xindu County, Herong County) If we attack him with military strength, do we still worry about not being able to win? If we don’t want to go back, we will not only lose the north of the Yellow River for nothing, but will also alarm Sanfu, which will greatly damage the prestige of the central government, isn’t it? Good strategy. If you have no intention of doing this, but want to be escorted by local troops in Xindu, it is even more impossible. Why? The situation is obvious. Once you go west, the situation in Handan will be stable. Xiaomin will never abandon his parents and wife, and betray the ready-made The leader (Wang Lang) traveled thousands of miles to escort a group of desperadoes. It is certain that they will all flee." Liu Xiu decided to stay. However, the strength of the two counties is really too weak.Liu Xiu planned to defect to Chengtouzi Road, or to Lizidu (refer to 18 years).Ren Guang firmly opposed it.Liu Xiu ordered the recruitment of 4,000 elite troops from neighboring counties, and appointed Ren Guang as the left general, Li Zhong, the militia commander of Xindu County (duwei), as the right general, and Pixun as the rear general, who was also the governor of Herong County. Wan Xiu, the magistrate (order) of Xindu County, became a partial general and was granted the full title of Marquis.Zong Guang, a native of Nanyang, was appointed as the governor of Xindu County.Then, Liu Xiu, Ren Guang, Li Zhong, and Wan Xiu led all their forces to counterattack Wang Lang. The Pixun troops acted as the vanguard and dispatched first.Ren Guang ordered the secretaries to write the proclamation as much as possible: "Liu Xiu, the supreme commander of the national armed forces (Dai Sima), led Chengtou Zilu, Lizidu and other troops of millions, and marched from the east to the west to crusade against the traitors!" Send cavalry to Julu (Pingxiang County, Hebei Province) Distributed in the county.After the officials and the people saw the announcement, they circulated it.Liu Xiu arrived at the border of Tangyang (Xinhe County, Hebei Province) in the twilight, and set up a large number of flags and torches. The waterside was bright, and the defenders of Tangyang panicked and surrendered immediately.Liu Xiu then attacked Biao County (southwest of Xinji City, Hebei Province. Biao, sound shi), and the defenders of Biao County also surrendered.Chengtouzi Lu is a native of Dongping County (southeast of Dongping County, Shandong Province) Yuan Zeng, who robbed and plundered in the Yellow River and Jishui areas. There are more than 200,000 tribesmen; Powerful, so Liu Xiu once considered going to defect. Liu Zhi, a native of Changcheng (northwest of Ji County, Hebei Province), assembled thousands of soldiers to occupy Changcheng and respond to Liu Xiu.Liu Xiu appointed Liu Zhi as the general of Xiaoqi.Geng Chun led more than 2,000 relatives and guests, including the elderly and the sick, each with their coffins, and surrendered to Liu Xiu in Yu County (the textual research of Hu San Province: there was no "Yu County" in the Han Dynasty, it should be "Bai County") ").Liu Xiu appointed Geng Chun's current general to attack Xiaquyang (the county where the Herong county government is located, west of Jinzhou City, Hebei Province), and accept Xiaquyang's surrender.Liu Xiu's army gradually expanded to tens of thousands.It will advance further north and attack Zhongshan (Dingzhou City, Hebei Province).Geng Chun was afraid that his relatives might harbor ulterior motives, so he sent his cousin Geng Xin back to his hometown and set fire to all the houses in order to prevent them from retreating. When Liu Xiu captured Lunu (the capital of Zhongshan State and Dingzhou City, Hebei Province), the counties and counties he passed through recruited the garrison troops of the local government and ordered the counties and counties along the border to send troops to attack Handan (Handan City, Hebei Province). response.At this time, King Zhending (the capital of Zhending) Liu Yang (Liu Shun, son of Liu Qi, the sixth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, named Changshan King. Liu Yang is the sixth grandson of Liu Shun), raised troops to support Wang Lang, with more than 100,000 troops.Liu Xiu sent Liu Zhi to lobby, and Liu Yang was willing to change his position.Liu Xiusui entered Zhending (Zhengding County, Hebei Province, the capital of Yuanshi State) and married Liu Yang's niece Guo Shengtong as his wife, using marriage to strengthen the unity between the two parties.Then, they successively captured Yuanshi (the capital of Yuanshi State, Yuanshi County, Hebei Province), Fangzi (southwest of Gaoyi County, Hebei Province), and entered Man County (north of Baixiang County, Hebei Province). Yun.Arrived at Bairen (southwest of Longyao County, Hebei Province) and defeated Wang Lang's other general Li Yu.Li Yu retreated back to Bairen City and stood firm.Liu Xiu besieged and could not take it. 8. Yancen, a native of Nanzheng (the capital of Han China · Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province), gathered troops in Hanzhong to occupy Nanzheng.Liu Jia, the king of Hanzhong, attacked him, Yancen surrendered, and Liu Jia's tribe numbered hundreds of thousands.Commander Jia Fu from Nanyang saw the corruption and chaos of the Xuanhan government, so he suggested to Liu Jia: "Nowadays, the world is not stable, but you, my lord, are satisfied with what you have now. What can you do to protect your current state?" Everything?" Liu Jia said, "Your ambition is too great, and I'm afraid I will disappoint you. Liu Xiu, the supreme commander of the national armed forces (Da Sima), is north of the Yellow River, and must appreciate you." So he wrote to Liu Xiu, introduced Jia Fu and another Secretary-General (Chang Shi), Chen Jun from Nanyang, and went to see him.When Jia Fu and others arrived in Bairen (southwest of Longyao County, Hebei Province), Liu Xiu appointed Jia Fu as the general of Polu and Chen Jun as the security officer (Anjiyu). 9. Liu Xiu's house servant violated the law, and the military judge (Military City Order) Yingchuan (Yuzhou City, Henan Province) sacrificed and killed the servant.Liu Xiu was furious and ordered Ji Zun to be arrested.Chief Secretary (Chief Registrar) Chen Fugui persuaded: "The leader usually requires neat military appearance and strict discipline. Now, Ji obeys the law and does not avoid power, which means that your order has been fully implemented." Liu Xiu pardoned Ji Zun, Appoint Ji Zun to assassinate the general, and announce to the generals, saying: "You must be careful about Ji Zun. He will kill all the young men in my family who break the law. He will never favor anyone." 10. At first, the new emperor Mang framed Bao Xuan (refer to three years), and Lu Ping, the commander of the militia in Shangdang County (Changzi County, Shanxi Province). His son Bao Yong was beheaded together.The county magistrate (prefect) Gou remonstrated and tried his best to protect Bao Yongcai, who escaped to death.The Xuanhan government was established, and Emperor Liu Xuan appointed Bao Yong as the executive officer of the palace secretariat (Shangshu Pushe), acting as the general (Xing Dajun military), and led the army to appease and suppress Hedong County (Xia County, Shanxi Province) and Bingzhou (Shanxi Province ) belongs to the counties and counties, and Bao Yong appoints generals on his own.Bao Yong went to Hedong County to attack the Qingdu Bianmin Group and won a complete victory.Appoint Feng Yan as the general of the Han Dynasty, stationed in Taiyuan (Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province), keep up with Tianyi, the governor of Shangdang County, and step up repairing armor, training soldiers, and defending Bingzhou. 11. Someone suggested to Liu Xiu, the Supreme Commander of the National Armed Forces (Da Sima), that it is better to use Julu (Pingxiang County, Hebei Province) than Bairen as a base.Liu Xiu thinks it is reasonable (the distance between Boren and Handan Airlines is 500 kilometers, and that of Julu is only 80 kilometers).Therefore, he led his army to the south and captured Guang'a (to the east of Longyao County, Hebei Province, 50 kilometers away from Julu Aviation).Liu Xiu stared at the map, and said to Deng Yu: "There are so many prefectures in the world, and I only occupied one today. You thought my worries were unnecessary a while ago. Why?" Deng Yu said, "Now the world is in chaos. The people yearn for a wise king, just like a baby longs for a loving mother. What arose in ancient times was only due to the thickness of his character, not the size of his territory." 12. When Jixian (Beijing) fled hastily, Geng Yan and Liu Xiu separated, fled north to Changping (South of Changping County, Beijing), returned to his father Geng Kuang (Shanggu County Chief), and persuaded him to go south to attack Handan (The capital of Emperor Wanglang of the Han Dynasty · Handan City, Hebei Province).At this time, the generals sent by Wang Lang went to Yuyang and Shanggu in the north to seize the land and recruit the armed forces of the counties along the border.Counties along the border are skeptical, but most are prepared to accept it. Kou Xun, the administrative officer (Gongcao) of Shanggu County, and Min Ye, the general affairs officer (Menxiajian) suggested to Geng Kuang, saying: "Handan (Wang Lang) suddenly rose, and the situation is chaotic. I don't know how reliable it is. And Liu Xiu is Liu Yan's younger brother, a virtuous corporal, we should join him." Geng Kuang hesitated and said: "The power in Handan is just like the sky, and we can't resist alone, what should we do?" Kou Xun and Minye said: "Shanggu County The territory is complete, and there are 10,000 combat troops. I am qualified to choose my own future. If I am determined, I would like to go to Yuyang in the east, persuade Peng Chong, and work together, so I don’t need to worry about Handan.” Kou Xun went to see Peng Chong, and planned to ask each county to dispatch 2,000 cavalry assault troops and 1,000 infantry to support Liu Xiu, the supreme commander of the country's armed forces (Da Sima). Wu Han, the county magistrate (order) of Anle (Shunyi County, Beijing), Gai Yan, the chief protection officer (army guard) of the army, and Wang Liang, the county magistrate (order) of Hunu (Northeast Shunyi County, Beijing City), also suggested that Peng Chong should join Liu Xiu. Peng Chong agreed.However, other officials of the county government wanted to join Wang Lang, and Peng Chong could not make a decision immediately.Wu Han went to inspect outside the city. In a small village, he met a student of the Confucian school and asked him to have a meal together and asked if there was any news from the south.The student said: "The counties and counties that Liu Xiu passed through pointed out to the people that the emperor (Wang Lang) in Handan is not a child of the Liu family." A student took it, gave it to Peng Chong, and asked him to make a report on the news he heard.At this time, Kou Xun arrived.Peng Chong then decided to send 3,000 infantry and cavalry, and ordered Wu Han to lead the acting staff officer (President Shi), together with Gai Yan and Wang Liang, to attack Jixian (Beijing) in the south and kill Wang Lang's general Zhao Hong. 13. Kou Xun returned to Shanggu, followed Jing Dan, the chief of staff (Chang Shi) of Shanggu County Government, and Geng Yan, and led his troops southward to join Yuyang's troops and drive southward.In the places they passed, 30,000 generals appointed by Wang Lang (Liu Ziyu), ministerial officials (Jiuqing), commanders (xiaowei), and others were beheaded, totaling 30,000 people.Consecutively captured Zhuojun (Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province), Zhongshan (Dingzhou City, Hebei Province), Julu (Pingxiang County, Hebei Province), Qinghe (Qinghe County, Hebei Province), and Hejian (Xianxian County, Hebei Province) for 22 consecutive years. County, the forward is near Guang'a (east of Longyao County, Hebei Province).The intelligence said: "There are many soldiers and horses in the city." Jing Dan and others were on alert, reined in the horses, asked passers-by for information, and asked, "Whose army?" He replied, "The supreme commander (Da Sima) Liu Xiu! "The generals were very excited, and they arrived at the city immediately. There have been rumors in the city of Guang'a that the armed forces of the two northern counties have joined Handan and will launch an attack on Guang'a, and people panic.Liu Xiu also felt that the situation was serious, so he ordered the defenders to be on emergency alert, and went up to the West Tower in person to inquire about his intention.Geng Yan got off his horse and met him at the foot of the city.Liu Xiu immediately invited him into the city, and Geng Yan sent troops from the two counties through to give a briefing.Then Jing Dan and other generals were invited to the city.Liu Xiu said with a smile: "The generals of Handan (Wang Lang) have repeatedly advertised the recruitment of Yuyang and Shanggu (Geng Kuang) troops. I bragged and said: 'I will also recruit Yuyang and Shanggu troops.' I am here, and I am going to share the splendor and wealth with my friends." Jing Dan, Kou Xun, Geng Yan, Gai Yan, Wu Han, and Wang Liang were all appointed generals, and they went out of the city to lead their troops.Geng Kuang and Peng Chong were promoted to generals.Feng Geng Kuang, Peng Chong, Jing Dan, Gai Yan and other four Marquis. Wu Han is a simple and honest man, not good at words, in an emergency, his words can't express his meaning, but he is calm, honest and strategic.Deng Yu kept recommending to Liu Xiu, and Liu Xiu gradually became close and respectful to him. 14. The Xuanhan government sent the Secretary-General of the Palace (Shangshu Ling) Xie Gong, leading six generals, to besiege Handan, but there was no progress.Liu Xiu's corps reinforced, and the two armies joined forces to attack Julu eastward. It took more than a month, but they could not win.But Wang Lang counterattacked and attacked Xindu, and the hero Ma Chong in the city responded inside and opened the city gate to welcome him.The Xuanhan army fought back again and took back all the letters.Liu Xiu ordered Li Zhong to reply to the capital and act as the county magistrate (to act as the prefect). Wang Lang dispatched generals Ni Hong and Liu Feng to rescue Julu with tens of thousands of people.Liu Xiu fought in Nanyang (north of Julu County, Hebei Province. 塤, sound luan), but could not resist and retreated.Jing Dan and others led a cavalry assault force and entered the battlefield in time. Ni Hong and others were defeated.Liu Xiu praised and said: "I heard that the cavalry assault troops in the two counties (Xindu County and Julu County) are the best in the world. It is exciting to see it with my own eyes today." 15. Geng Chun suggested to Liu Xiu, "We are trapped under the city of Julu, and the officers and soldiers are exhausted. It is better to use our elite troops to attack Handan directly. Once Wang Lang is executed, Julu will come without fighting." Liu Xiu adopted. In summer, in April, Liu Xiu left General Deng Man behind and continued to besiege Julu.He personally led the army to advance to Handan, winning consecutive battles.Wang Lang couldn't support it, so he sent a commentator (remonstrance doctor) Dewey to negotiate and surrender.Dewey emphasized that Wang Lang was indeed the direct blood of Liu Ao, the twelfth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (Chengdi).Liu Xiu said: "Even if Emperor Cheng (Liu Ao) came back to life and climbed out of the coffin, he could no longer sit on the throne, let alone his counterfeit son?" Dewey asked to be named Marquis of Wanglang Wanhu.Liu Xiu said: "It is enough to spare him from dying." Dewey left angrily.Liu Xiu launched a fierce attack, which lasted for more than 20 days. On May 1st, Li Li, Wang Lang's royal teacher (Shaofu), opened the city gate to welcome the Xuanhan army into the city, and Handan fell.Wang Lang escaped by night, Wang Ba chased and captured him, and beheaded him on the spot.Liu Xiu checked Wang Lang's government archives and found that there were several letters written by his subordinates, and there were as many as thousands of letters. In addition to expressing allegiance to Wang Lang, the letters also insulted Liu Xiu.Liu Xiu refused to dismantle it, gathered all the generals, burned it with fire in front of everyone, and said: "Reassure the betrayers!" Liu Xiu readjusted the troops and distributed the newly recruited officers and soldiers to the generals. Everyone was willing to belong to "General Dashu". The "big tree general" refers to the partial general Feng Yi.Feng Yi backed down humbly, never flaunted his capabilities, and asked his troops to rank behind other troops unless they were fighting the enemy.Everywhere he went, the generals gathered together and talked about their achievements, but Feng Yi sat alone under the shade of a tree, so the army called him "General Big Tree". 16. Zhu Hu, a native of Wan County (the capital of Wan State and Nanyang City, Henan Province), the chief protection officer (army guard) of the Great Army, suggested to Liu Xiu, "The Xuanhan government in Chang'an is getting more and more chaotic. Your Excellency has 'Sun Corner' Look, this is God's will." Liu Xiu said nervously: "Hurry up and teach the assassin general (Ji Zun) to arrest Zhu Hu." Zhu Hu didn't dare to speak again. 17. Emperor Xuan Han (first term) Liu Xuan, named Liu Xiu Wangjue - Xiao Wang (capital Xiao County), ordered all troops north of the Yellow River to be demobilized.Liu Xiu was ordered to return to Chang'an with the meritorious officials.In addition, Miao Zeng was appointed as the governor (mu) of Youzhou (northern Hebei Province and Liaoning Province), Wei Shun as the governor of Shanggu County, Cai as the governor of Yuyang County, and went directly to the north to take over. Liu Xiu lived in the palace of the old King Zhao in Handan. One day, he took a nap in Wenming Palace.Geng Yan rushed in, rushed to the bed, asked for a private conversation, and suggested: "There are too many officers and soldiers killed and injured, please allow me to go back to Shanggu to replenish." Liu Xiu said: "Wang Lang has been wiped out, and the north of the Yellow River is at peace, and the troops should be replenished." What are you doing?" Geng Yan said: "Although Wang Lang is eliminated, the chaos in the country has not ended, but it has just begun. Now, the envoy of the central government has sent an edict from the west to demobilize all, and it must not be obeyed. Bronze Horse (Hebei) southeast of Henan Province), Chimei (northern Henan Province and western Shandong Province) and other mob groups, there are dozens of them, and each group has hundreds of thousands of people, or even a million people. They are invincible. Liu Xuan has no ability If you deal with it, you will be defeated soon." Liu Xiu jumped up from the bed and said, "You have said something wrong, and I have no choice but to kill you." Geng Yan said, "Your Majesty treats me kindly, like a father and son, that's why he showed his heart." Liu Xiu Said: "I'm just joking, please continue." Geng Yan said: "The people of the whole country have suffered terribly from Wang Mang, so they miss the royal family surnamed Liu. When they heard that the Western Han Dynasty was rejuvenated and rebuilt, they all rejoiced, as if they had escaped from the tiger's mouth and rushed to the palace. The embrace of a loving mother. Now, the son of Liu Xuan, the generals of Shandong (east of Xiaoshan), each dominates one side. The relatives of the emperor in the central government burned, killed and looted, and committed all kinds of crimes. I came here to miss the peaceful days of the new dynasty. Therefore, I deduce that Liu Xuan must fail. Your Excellency has established great achievements, and your fame has spread across the country. With benevolence and righteousness as a call, the world can restore order with a single document. Political power is an important tool , Your Excellency should obtain it yourself, and don’t let people not named Liu take possession of it.” Liu Xiu greatly appreciated it.Then he reported to Liu Xuan that he believed that the north of the Yellow River had not been completely calmed down, and he could not get back to the capital Chang'an.So far, Liu Xiu has made up his mind to rebel and is just waiting for the opportunity. Bo Yang said: For more than a thousand years, the four characters "people think about Han" have become an indicator, expressing where people's hearts belong.But I don't know that there is also "human mind new", which is more worth pondering than "human mind Han".Try reading Bao Xuan's memorial. During the peaceful and prosperous first century BC, the people faced seven kinds of disasters and seven kinds of death.Wang Mang, as the orthodox master of Confucianism, is full of words about benevolence, righteousness and morality, but he brings more pain, making people think that the society of seven disasters and seven kinds of death in the previous century is still heaven, so people think Han.Then the thought-ridden Han came back, raping, burning and killing, and bloody melee, the people couldn't survive or die. In contrast, the new dynasty became a paradise. This is the fate of the Chinese people: suffering is followed by greater suffering.Careerists and ambitious groups holding the signboard of saving the country and the people, once they take power, immediately show their fierce looks and raise their butcher knives.Lu Xun's poem described: "When you get rich, you will turn your face", which is not only a satire on the ugliness of the little people, but also a description of the complex of the big people for the small people.As long as the autocratic system and feudal consciousness remain unchanged, this complex will not change.Whether the rogue Liu Bang came to power or the great Confucian Wang Mang came to power, the result was exactly the same.China has been caught by this evil, and it is difficult to get rid of it. The only way to make ambitious people or ambitious groups maintain the justice they originally held is only a democratic system based on the idea of ​​human rights, which puts the rulers under the control of the people instead of putting the people under the control of the rulers.Once the people are brought under the control of the rulers, they will have to live forever in "people's minds changing" - nostalgia for the so-called "good" days in the past. 18. At that time, there was a huge group of changed people, including Tongma, Datong, Gaohu, Chonglian, Tieshan, Daqiang, Youlai, Shangjiang, Qingdu, Wuxiao, Wufan, Wulou, Fuping, and Huo Suo et al. (Note by Li Xian: These titles are either the names of their bases, or a majestic adjective. The leader of the Bronze Horse, Dongshan Huangtu, the leader of Datong Fan Chong, the leader of Youlai Fan Chong, the leader of the Five Schools Gao Hu, the leader of the Five Schools, etc. Zhang Wen, the leader of Lou, Dong Cizhong, the leader of Tanxiang, Xu Shao, the leader of Fuping, Gu Shilang, the leader of Huosuo, and others are not recorded in history), with a total of several million people, who robbed and looted everywhere. Liu Xiu was going to wipe them out, so on behalf of Emperor Xuanhan (one term) Liu Xuan, he appointed Wu Han and Geng Yan, and at the same time he was a general, "Chijie" (the letter of the Xuanhan government) conscripted Youzhou (northern Hebei Province) and Liaoning Province) under the ten counties of cavalry assault troops (surging cavalry. Ten counties: Zhuo County, Guangyang County, Bohai County, Shanggu County, Yuyang County, Liaoxi County, Youbeiping County, Liaodong County, Xuantu County, Le Lang County).Miao Zeng, governor of Youzhou (inspector), found out that Liu Xiu had resisted the central government's order, and secretly ordered the counties to ignore it.Liu Xiu acted immediately and sent Wu Han to lead 20 cavalrymen to Wuzhong (Jixian County, Tianjin City), where the state government is located.Miao Zeng went out of the city to meet him. Wu Han arrested Miao Zeng and executed him on the spot.Another general, Geng Yan, arrived at Shanggu, arrested Wei Shun, the governor of Yuyang County, and Cai Chong, the governor of Yuyang County, and executed them on the spot.The counties were shocked and completely obeyed. In the autumn, Liu Xiujin forced the Bronze Horse to turn into the base of the people, Yan County (east of Xinji City, Hebei Province. Yan, sound qiao).Wu Han led the conscripted cavalry assault troops to Qingyang (the county where Qinghe county government is located · Qinghe County, Hebei Province), and joined Liu Xiu, with a majestic appearance.Wu Han submitted the roster of officers and soldiers of the entire army to the headquarters without any concealment, and then asked for payment without any selfishness. Liu Xiu trusted him even more. Liu Xiu, on behalf of Emperor Xuan Han, appointed Zhu Fu, a native of Pianjun Peijun (Huaibei City, Anhui Province), as the supreme commander (general) and full-power governor of Youzhou (shepherd), and moved the state government to Jixian (Beijing). The Bronze Horse Bianmin Group had run out of food and took the night to break through. Liu Xiuwei chased to Guantao (Guantao County, Hebei Province) and launched an attack. The Bronze Horse was defeated and surrendered.Liu Xiu was being surrendered, while the Gaohu Bianmin Group and the Chonglian Bianmin Group swarmed in from the east, combined with the Bronze Horse Bianmin who had not yet surrendered, and headed north.Liu Xiuwei chased Puyang Mountain (west of Mancheng County, Hebei Province) and launched another attack. The rebel group was defeated again and surrendered.Liu Xiu, on behalf of Liu Xuan, made their leaders and generals marquises. 因为降兵降将数目庞大，刘秀手下的将领们不敢相信他们的诚意。而降兵降将们也发现他们没有受到信任，因而疑惧惊恐、内心不安。刘秀了解，如果处理不当，将爆发大祸。于是，命降将们各自回到自己的部队，武装备战。然后，刘秀只带着少数卫士，前往巡视。降将降兵们被刘秀的诚意感动，互相告诫说：“萧王（刘秀）对我们推心置腹，怎么能不教我们为他效死？”大家全都心悦诚服。 刘秀把投降的部队，分配给各将领，此时已拥有数十万大军。 赤眉变民集团的一位将领，跟青犊、上江、大彤、铁胫、五幡，约有十余万人，在射犬（河南省武沙县西北）集结。刘秀率军南下攻击，大破敌营，遂进逼河内（河南省武伊县），河内郡长韩歆投降（韩歆是玄汉政府任命的地方官，此时刘秀羽毛渐丰，已不再顾忌）。 19、最初，玄汉宫廷秘书长（尚书令）谢躬，联合刘秀，两军合力，共同攻克邯郸，消灭王郎（刘子舆）。但二人之间，不断发生争执，谢躬时常想对刘秀攻击，却因畏惧刘秀兵力强大，不敢发动。二人的部队，虽然都进入邯郸，却各有营地防区。谢躬对行政工作，细心而又认真。刘秀为了安抚，经常称赞，说：“谢秘书长（谢躬）真是国家的栋梁。”谢躬听到后，稍稍松懈戒备。他的妻子警告他，说：“你跟刘秀的怨仇已深，势不两立，可是你却相信他表面上那套虚情假意，终必栽到他手！”谢躬不相信。稍后，谢躬率领他的数万部队，南下驻屯邺县（魏郡郡政府所在县·河北省临漳县西南邺镇）。再稍后，刘秀攻击青犊变民集团，命谢躬讨伐盘踞在隆虑山（河南省林县北）的尤来变民集团。谢躬出师不利，大败。刘秀抓住他领兵在外，基地空虚的良机，命吴汉跟刺奸大将军岑彭，用劲旅夺取邺县。谢躬不知道内部有变，仅率领少数部队返防，吴汉等把谢躬生擒处决。谢躬部队，全部投降。 20、玄汉帝刘玄，派柱功侯李宝、益州（四川省及云南省）州长（刺史）李忠，率军一万余人，南下夺取汉中郡（陕西省汉中市）、蜀郡（四川省成都市）。据守成都（蜀郡郡政府所在县）的公孙述，派他的老弟公孙恢迎击，在绵竹（四川省德阳市北黄许镇）会战，大败玄汉军，李宝、李忠撤退。公孙述遂自称蜀王，建都成都（四川省成都市）。汉人跟蛮夷之人，全都归附。 21、冬季，刘玄派皇家警卫指挥官（中郎将）归德侯刘飒、最高指挥部大军保护总监（大司马护军）陈遵，出使匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市），颁发西汉王朝旧有的印信（西汉王朝旧印“匈奴单于玺”，新王朝改成“新匈奴单于章”，以致激怒匈奴。参考一一年。本年恢复旧有印文），并顺便把挛鞮云以及她丈夫须卜当的亲属、贵族、随从，送回匈奴（参考一八年）。匈奴汗国呼都而尸道皋若鞮单于（二十任）挛鞮舆，并不买账，而且态度傲慢，告诉刘飒、陈遵说：“匈奴跟汉朝本是兄弟之邦，匈奴内乱时，汉朝皇帝刘病已（西汉王朝十任宣帝），帮助呼韩邪单于（十四任。挛鞮舆的老爹）登位，所以匈奴称臣，尊敬汉朝。而今汉朝也有内乱，西汉政府被王莽篡夺，匈奴也曾出动大军，攻击新王朝，使他们北方边陲，荡然一空，引起天下大乱，产生'人心思汉'的后果，王莽遂告失败，而西汉王朝复兴。这都是我们匈奴的力量，事情已经颠倒过来，汉朝应该称臣，尊敬匈奴。” 刘飒、陈遵反复辩解，但挛鞮舆坚持他的立场。 22、据守濮阳（东郡郡政府所在县·河南省濮阳市西南）的赤眉变民集团首领樊崇等，准备南下攻击颍川（河南省高州市），把部众分为两个支队。樊崇、逄安（逄，音pang）率领一个支队；徐宣、谢禄、杨音率领另一个支队（《后汉书·刘盆子传》记载：樊崇、逄安的部队，攻拔长社，再进入宛县，击斩县长。徐宣、谢禄的部队，攻陷阳翟、梁县）。赤眉虽然屡战屡胜，但事实上已筋疲力尽。农民出身的士兵，对战乱早感厌倦，害着严重的思乡病，忧愁不安，日夜哭泣，但求回到东方（赤眉原是琅邪一带饥民）。樊崇等商议，认为一旦回到东方，部众势必一哄而散，各奔故乡，不如向西攻击玄汉政府首都长安（陕西省西安市）。于是，大军西行。樊崇、逄安，穿过武关（陕西省商南县西南），徐宣等穿过陆关（河南省嵩县东北），两支部队，分为两路，向长安进发。 刘玄命泚阳王王匡（新市兵）、襄邑王成丹（下江兵），跟抗威将军刘均等，分别驻防河东（山西省夏县）、弘农（河南省灵宝县东北），堵截赤眉。 23、刘秀将对北方燕赵地区（河北省）发动一次大规模的军事扫荡。而又预测赤眉变民集团势将攻破长安，打算利用玄汉政府覆灭的机会，并吞关中（陕西省中部），但不知道把任务交给谁才好。 最后，任命邓禹当前将军，交给他精锐部队二万人，西行入关（函谷关），使邓禹自己选择将领跟幕僚。这时，玄汉政府将领：朱鲔、李轶、田立、陈侨，号称拥有三十万精兵，跟河南郡（河南省洛阳市东白马寺东）郡长武勃，共同守卫洛阳。另外两位将领鲍永、田邑，则驻军并州（山西省）。刘秀认为河内郡地势险要，人民富庶，打算在将领中物色一位干才，担负这项重任，却物色不到，征求邓禹的意见，邓禹说：“寇恂文武全才，有统御群众的能力，除了他，再没有更合适的人。” 刘秀遂命寇恂当河内郡郡长，代理大将军（行大将军事），说：“从前，高祖（一任帝刘邦）把关中交给萧何（参考前二〇五年八月），而今，我把河内交给你。盼望供应不绝，兵源不缺，挡住其他方面的部队，不要北渡黄河。”又任命冯异当孟津兵团司令（孟津将军。孟津，今河南省孟津县东黄河渡口），统辖魏郡（河北省临漳县西南邺镇）、河内郡的地方武力，沿着黄河北岸布防，监视洛阳方面的玄汉军队。 刘秀亲自送邓禹到野王（河南省沁阳市）。邓禹既向西出发，刘秀再率军北上。寇恂征集粮秣，制造武器，供应前方。大军推进得再远，从不匮乏。 24、隗崔、隗义跟隗嚣密商逃回基地天水郡（甘肃省通渭县）。隗嚣恐怕事情败露，自己被牵连，于是向玄汉政府检举。刘玄大怒，诛杀隗崔、隗义，任命隗嚣当最高监察长（御史大夫）。 25、梁王（首府睢阳）刘永，在他的封国（梁国）起兵，宣布脱离玄汉政府，招揽各郡英雄豪杰。沛郡（安徽省淮北市）人周建等，都被任命当将领，一连攻陷济阴（山东省定陶县）、山阳（山东省金乡县西北昌邑镇）、沛郡、楚郡（江苏省徐州市）、淮阳（河南省淮阳县）、汝南（河南省平舆县西北射桥乡）等，占领二十八个县城。又任命西防（山东省成武县东）变民集团首领山阳（山东省金乡县西北昌邑镇）人佼强（佼，姓）当横行将军，东海（山东省郯城县）变民集团首领董宪当翼汉大将军，琅邪（山东省诸城市）变民集团首领张步当辅汉大将军，统辖青州（山东省北部）、徐州（江苏省北部）两州，集结武力，在东方称霸。 26、邔县（湖北省宜城县东北；邔，音ji）人秦丰，在黎丘（湖北省襄樊市东南）聚众起兵，攻陷邔县、宜城（湖北省宜城市北）等十余县，将近一万人，称楚黎王。 27、汝南（河南省平舆县西北射桥乡）人田戎，攻陷夷陵（湖北省宜昌市），称“扫地大将军”，流窜各郡县，有几万人。 1、春季，正月，前隗家班军师方望，跟安陵（陕西省咸阳市东北安陵乡）人弓林（弓，姓），共同拥戴新王朝定安公刘婴（西汉王朝末任帝）当皇帝，聚集武装变民几千人，占据临泾（甘肃省镇原县东南曙光乡）。玄汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（一任）刘玄，派宰相（丞相）李松等讨伐，把他们全部击斩。 Bo Yang said: 人生好像水泥搅拌器里的一粒沙子，身不由己，即令是英雄豪杰，如果没有好运道帮助他——像敌人适时犯下严重错误——也不可能成功。但有些人却注定地要扮演悲剧角色。 刘婴就提供一个例证，当他只不过两岁，还是一个吃奶的小娃儿时，被选定当最高君王。当他只不过五岁，读幼稚园大班都不够资格时，却被囚禁高墙，连乳母都不准跟他说话。可怜的孩子，不知道他向谁牙牙学语？而本年（二五年），他才二十一岁，尊贵而奇异的经历害了他，被两位不争气的拙劣野心家撺弄上宝座。 刘婴连牛马羊鸡狗猪都不认识，却面临凶险，这是一种谋杀。可是，他又怎能拒绝？我们不仅是为刘婴一人悲，而是为内战中千万玉石俱焚，不能保护自己的善良人悲。 2、前将军邓禹进抵箕关（河南省济源市西），击败玄汉政府河东郡（山西省夏县）民兵司令（都尉）的部队，包围安邑（河东郡郡政府所在县）。 3、赤眉变民集团的两路大军，在弘农（河南省灵宝县东北）会师。玄汉政府派讨难将军苏茂堵截，大败。赤眉更势不可当，重新部署，以一万人作为一营，共三十营。 三月，玄汉政府宰相李松，率领大军，在蓩乡（河南省灵宝县北。蓩，音mao）跟赤眉决战，李松崩溃，死三万余人。赤眉遂推进到湖县（河南省灵宝县西）。 4、蜀郡（四川省成都市）郡政府行政官（功曹）李熊，建议蜀王公孙述当皇帝。 夏季，四月，公孙述在成都即皇帝位，建立成家政府，定本年年号龙兴，任命李熊当宰相（大司徒），公孙述的老弟公孙光当全国武装部队最高指挥官（大司马），公孙恢当最高监察长（大司空）。 越巂郡（四川省西昌市）蛮夷首领任贵，献出郡城，归附成家政府（任贵击斩郡长枚根，参考一六年）。 5、萧王刘秀北进，抵达元氏（元氏国首府·河北省元氏县），攻击尤来、大枪、五幡等变民集团，追到北平（河北省满城县），连战连捷。最后再战于顺水（徐水）北岸，刘秀乘胜利之威，轻率深入，变民军反扑，刘秀大败，无处逃生，又怕被俘，遂跳下悬崖，正好遇到骑兵突击部队战士王丰，王丰跳下坐骑，把马让给刘秀，刘秀有马，才脱险而出。 败兵溃退到范阳（河北省定兴县），发现刘秀失踪，有人说已经阵亡，将领们失去领导人物，一时惊惶失措，不知如何才好。吴汉说：“我们不能懈怠，大王（刘秀）老哥（刘縯）的儿子就在南阳（河南省南阳市），何必忧虑没有领袖？”但大家仍然震恐，六神不宁。直到几天之后，刘秀回营，人心才定。 尤来等变民集团虽然战胜，但慑于刘秀的威名，心怀忌惮，不敢扩大战果，遂乘夜撤走。刘秀追击，追到安次（河北省廊坊市），发动一连串攻击，每次都大破敌军，尤来等退入渔阳郡（北京市密云县），经过之处，抢劫一空。强弩将军陈俊向刘秀建议说：“这群强盗，本身不带辎重，全靠民间粮秣，唯一克制的方法是使他们抢劫不到东西。最好派出轻骑兵，绕到他们大军之前，传令沿途人民坚壁清野，他们抢不到粮食，用不着战斗，就能把他们消灭。”刘秀认为对极，派陈俊率军骑快马绕到前面，对城堡完整坚固的，命人民固守待援；对散落在郊野的，先行抢劫。尤来等变民集团抢不到粮秣，饥饿难忍，果然溃散。刘秀称赞陈俊说：“这群盗匪能够消灭，全靠你的谋略！” 6、刘秀任命的孟津（河南省孟津县东黄河渡口）兵团司令冯异，写信给玄汉镇守洛阳将领之一的舞阴王李轶，分析祸福利害，劝他归降刘秀。李轶自知长安（玄汉首都）危在旦夕，前途渺茫。可是，因为刘縯之死，李轶实是主谋之一（参考二三年），不敢相信刘秀不会报复。回信给冯异，说：“我本来是第一个跟萧王密谋重建汉王朝的人（参考二二年），而今我守洛阳，你镇孟津，都居于战略地位。千年难逢的良机，二人同心，力可断金。请你转报萧王，我愿贡献愚昧的策略，帮助他安民定邦。” 双方自从交换信件之后，李轶不再跟冯异发生冲突。冯异遂利用无后顾之忧的机会，向北进击天井关（山西省晋城市南），攻取上党郡（山西省长子县）所属的两个县。再率军南下，攻取河南郡（河南省洛阳市东白马寺东）所属的成皋（河南省荥阳县西北汜水镇）以东十三个县，收服降兵十余万人。 玄汉将领武勃，率一万余人攻击背叛的部众，冯异迎战于士乡（洛阳城东），大破玄汉兵团，斩武勃。而李轶眼看友军覆亡，却紧闭城门，不出援救。 冯异发现书信有效，遂报告刘秀。刘秀答复冯异说：“李轶此人，诡计多端，人们看不透他心里到底想些什么。你应该把他的信抄给各郡郡长（守）、民兵司令（尉），跟守土有责的军官们传阅。”大家都奇怪刘秀为什么泄露李轶的秘密，却不知刘秀另有深意。玄汉负责守卫洛阳的另一位大将、左翼最高指挥官（左大司马）朱鲔，不久就得到消息，派人刺死李轶。从此，洛阳城中人心猜忌，很多人越城投降。 朱鲔知道刘秀大军北征，河内郡（河南省武陟县）情势孤单。于是，派将领苏茂、贾彊，率军三万余人，从巩县（河南省巩县）渡过黄河，进攻温县（河南省温县西），朱鲔亲自率领主力几万人，进攻平阴（河南省孟津县），用以牵制冯异。 情报传到河内，郡长寇恂立即紧急集结武装部队出发，一面下令所属各县民兵，火速到温县城下会师，参谋人员劝阻说：“现在，洛阳大军北渡黄河，前后不绝，声势庞大，应该等各县民兵集结完成之后，再行出击。”寇恂说：“温县是本郡的屏障，温县一旦陷落，郡城绝不能坚守。”下令战备行军。第二天，寇恂接战，而冯异派出的救兵以及各县民兵也都及时到达。寇恂命士兵在城上呼叫：“刘公（刘秀）大军赶到！”苏茂部队受到惊恐，阵地骚动。寇恂乘势攻击，锐不可当；苏茂兵团溃走。冯异也渡过黄河，南下援救平阴，攻击朱鲔，朱鲔撤退。冯异跟寇恂追击到洛阳，绕城一周，展示军威，才收军班师。洛阳此次出击不利，反而把敌人招到城下，全城震恐。从此，城门白天紧闭。 冯异、寇恂呈报战果，将领们纷纷向刘秀祝贺，乘便请求刘秀登上皇帝宝座。将军南阳人马武首先说：“大王虽然谦虚退让，可是皇家祭庙跟天地祭坛，托付给谁？最好请先定尊位，再讨论征伐。现在，位号如果不早日确定，乱闯乱打，到底谁是匪？谁是盗？”刘秀吃惊说：“你怎么说出这种话，应该杀头！”率军返回蓟县，派吴汉率耿弇、景丹等十三位将领，追击尤来等变民集团，杀一万三千余人，直追到浚靡（河北省遵化市西北）之北国界，不能再追为止。变民残众，零星的进入辽西（辽宁省义县西）、辽东（辽宁省辽阳市），被乌桓部落（内蒙古西辽河上游）、貊部落（朝鲜半岛东北部）抄掠击杀，几乎全部死尽。 军事总监（都护将军）贾复跟五校变民集团，在真定（河北省正定县）决战，贾复身受重伤，生命垂危。刘秀大惊说：“我所以不教贾复独当一面，就是怕他轻敌，果然，丧失我一员名将。听说他妻子怀有身孕，如果生女，嫁给我的儿子；如果生男，娶我的女儿，不教他挂念他的妻子儿女。”然而，贾复伤势竟然好转，赶到蓟县晋见刘秀，二人大为兴奋。 刘秀回到中山（河北省定州市），将领们再请求他当皇帝，刘秀再度拒绝。走到南平棘（河北省赵县南），将领们再坚决敦促，刘秀仍不答应。将领告辞后，耿纯进言说：“天下的知识分子（士大夫），抛弃亲戚，离乡背井，追随大王于枪林箭雨之中，目的只有一个，就是希望攀龙附凤，成就他的野心。而今，大王的表现使众人失望。如果不早早确定尊号，恐怕知识分子（士大夫）由失望而绝望，会发生留下来或远离而去的烦恼，不会长久忍耐。只恐怕大家一散，难以再集合在一起。”耿纯态度十分诚恳，刘秀致谢说：“等我想一想。” 刘秀走到鄗县（河北省柏乡县北。鄗，音hao），召见冯异，探听四方动静，冯异说：“刘玄必然失败，刘姓皇家的重担，在大王身上，最好接受大家的建议。”正好，儒家学派学者彊华，从关中（陕西省中部）拿着神秘预言书（赤伏符），千里迢迢，前来晋见。上面有句：“刘秀发兵捕不道，四夷云集龙斗野，四七之际火为主。”（李贤原注：“四七，二十八。自从刘邦兴起，到刘秀兴起，共二百二十八年，正是'四七'的应验。西汉王朝以'火'作为象征，所以说'火为主'。”这三句鬼话，曾使刘歆改名刘秀，希望应验“捕不道”“龙斗野”，结果被王莽诛杀。参考前七年、二三年。）将领们再作请求。 六月二十日，刘秀（本年三十岁）在鄗县南郊登基，自称皇帝，改年号，大赦（原文没有注明刘秀建立政权的名称。由以后事迹，当然知道仍然名汉。为了有