Chapter 20 The 450s (350-359)

1. In the spring, the first month, the supreme commander (general) Ran Min (Ran Min) of the Later Zhao Empire (capital Yecheng) intends to completely wipe out the traces of the Shijiaban’s rule. ", canceled the "Hou Zhao" country title, changed its name to Wei Empire, no longer surnamed Shi, changed its surname to Li, amnesty, and changed its year name to Qinglong. Thus, Dazai (one of the Shang Sangongs) Zhao Shu, Commander-in-Chief of the National Armed Forces (Taiwei) Zhang Ju, General Zhang Chun of the Chinese Army, Special State Officer (Doctor Guanglu) Shi Yue, General Fujun Shi Ning, General Wuwei More than 10,000 people, including Zhang Ji, Duke, Marquis, ministers, commanders, and Longteng guards, fled to Xiangguo (Xingtai City, Hebei Province) and joined Xinxing Wang Shizhi; Ruyin Wang Shikun fled to Jizhou (central Hebei Province); General Zhang Shen of the Fu Army guarded Fukou (south of Wu'an City, Hebei Province); General Zhang Hedu of the Guard Army guarded Shidu (20 kilometers west of Yecheng); General Jianyi Duan Qin guarded Liyang (Jun County, Henan Province); Qun guarded Sangbi (southeast of Pingshan County, Hebei Province); Zhennan General Liu Guo guarded Yangcheng (southeast of Dengfeng County, Henan Province); Duan Kan guarded Chenliu (east of Kaifeng, Henan Province); Yao Yizhong guarded Shitou (Hebei Northeast of Zaoqiang County, Henan Province), and Pu Hong guarded Fangtou (Qimendu, southeast of Qi County, Henan Province); each had tens of thousands of armed forces to resist Li Min (Ran Min).Duan Qin is the son of Duan Moting (Duan Moting, refer to March 325); Duan Kan is the son of Duan Lan (refer to August 343).

Chariot General Wang Lang and General Ma Qiu traveled from Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) to Luoyang (East of Dongbaima Temple, Luoyang City, Henan Province).Ma Qiu received Li Min's "order to kill the barbarians" (refer to December last year), and killed more than a thousand Huns and Jie soldiers in Wang Lang's army.Wang Lang defected to Xiangguo, and Ma Qiu led his army back to Yecheng.Pu Hong sent his son Pu Xiong, the general of Longxiang, to fight head-on and capture Ma Qiu alive; he ordered Ma Qiu to be the general of the army. Ruyin Wang Shikun joined forces with Zhang Ju and Wang Lang to attack Yecheng with 70,000 troops.Supreme Commander Li Min led more than a thousand cavalry to fight in the north of the city.Li Min held an iron spear with blades on both sides, galloped and charged, horseshoes everywhere, all obstacles were destroyed, killing three thousand people, Shi Kun and others were defeated.Li Min and Li Nong led 30,000 cavalry to attack Shidu where Zhang Hedu was located (Shidu is only 20 kilometers away from Yecheng, which is right next to the couch).

In the second month of intercalary, Shi Jian, the sixth Emperor of Zhao, secretly sent eunuchs to send a letter to General Zhang Shen and others of the Fujun who guarded Fukou, ordering them to launch an attack by taking advantage of the emptiness of Yecheng.The eunuch reported to Li Min and Li Nong.Li Min and Li Nong immediately returned to the army, deposed Shi Jian, and executed him (Shi Jian reigned for 103 days, age unknown), and at the same time killed all 28 grandchildren of Shi Hu. , all slaughtered.Yao Yizhong's son Yaowu General Yao Yi and Wuwei General Yao Ruo led thousands of imperial guards to break open the city gate and flee to the base area of ​​Shitou.Yao Yizhong attacked Li Min and led his army to Hunqiao (northeast of Yecheng).

Prime Minister (Situ) Shen Zhong and others presented the title of emperor to Li Min, and Li Min gave it to Li Nong, but Li Nong resolutely refused.Li Min said: "We used to be the subjects of the Jin State (Jin Empire); now, the Jin State still exists. I mean, I separate the states and counties from you, and I call myself the 'Governor' and 'Governor'. Be a "Duke" and "Marquis" by yourself, and submit a memorial to welcome the emperor of Jin and return to Luoyang (the former capital of the Jin Dynasty). " Hu Mu, the executive officer of the State Council (Shangshu), said: "Your Majesty (Li Min)'s sage's kindness is in the heart of heaven. , should ascend to the throne. The state of Jin has been weakened and small, and fled to the wasteland of the Yangtze River. How can it lead the heroes of the world to unify China?" Li Min said: "The words of Executive Hu can be said to be: truly seize the opportunity and know where the destiny lies." Then he ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor (one term), amnesty, changed the name of the year to Yongxing, and the name of the country to Wei (the sixth country of the Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms appeared. There are as many as four country names called "Wei" in Chinese history, so we The "Wei" of the Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms was called "Ran Wei". At this time, the five kingdoms stood side by side in China).

2. The government of the Jin Empire (capital Jiankang) received news of the chaos in the Central Plains (North China Great Plains), and once again prepared to recover the lost land. On the 18th day of the second lunar month, the commander-in-chief of the Gyeonggi garrison (the governor of Yangzhou), Yin Hao, the general of the middle army, the "false festival" (three-level power), the commander-in-chief of the Yangyu Xuyanqing Military Region (the governor of Yangyu Xuyanqing and the five prefectures) military).Puhong was granted the title of king of Di, "envoy holding festival" (a first-level power), the general of Zhengbei University, the commander-in-chief of the Yellow North Military Region (supervisor of all military forces in Hebei), the governor of Jizhou (the governor of Hebei), and the title of Duke of Guangchuan; Pu Jian "False Festival", General You, Commander of the Yellow River Hebei Expedition and Suppression Frontier (supervising the Hebei Conquest of the Frontier Army), and Fengxiang Guogong (Pu Hong surrendered in May 349, and the Jin Empire only returned this year).

3. Yao Yizhong and Pu Hong, the leaders of the Qiang and Di ethnic groups, both had great ambitions to seize Guanyou (west of Hangu Pass).Yao Yizhong (who was stationed at Chitou at that time) sent his son Yao Xiang to lead an army of 50,000 troops to attack Puhong (who was stationed at Fangtou at that time).Pu Hong attacked Yao Xiang's army head-on, killed and captured more than 30,000 people.Pu Hong then called himself Commander-in-Chief (Great Governor), Supreme Commander, Great Chanyu, and King of the Three Qin Dynasties, and changed his surname to Fu (Pu Hong was inspired to change his surname because there was a sentence in the "Mysterious Prophecy Book": "The grass pays for the king").Lei Ruoer, a native of Nan'an County (southeast of Longxi County, Gansu Province), was ordered to be the general of the Fuguo; Liang Leng, a native of Anding County (Shuguang Township, southeast of Zhenyuan County, Gansu Province), was the current general and Zuo Secretary-General (Zuo Changshi); Feng Yijun (Shaanxi Province) Dali County, Shaanxi Province) Mermaid Zun (fish, surname) is the right general and secretary-general of the right (right long history); Duan Ling, a native of Jingzhao County (Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province), is the left general and left military and political officer (Zuo Sima) ; Zhao Ju from Tianshui County (Tianshui City, Gansu Province), Niu Yi from Longxi County (Longxi County, Gansu Province), and Xin Lao from Beidi County (Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province), all served as staff commanders (engaged in Zhonglang); Mao Gui, the leader of the Yidi tribe, was Chanyu's assistant prime minister (Shanyu Assistant Prime Minister).

4. Murong Jun (32 years old), the king of the former Yan Kingdom (capital Longcheng) (the second Emperor Jingzhao), launched a large-scale attack on the Later Zhao Empire. Advance, exit Tuhe (Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province); Mu Yuyu advances from the west, exits Juyongsai (Juyongguan); Murong Jun leads the main force, advances from the center, exits Lulongsai (north of Qianxi County, Hebei Province).Order Murong Ke and Xian Yuliang to be the pioneers; Mu Yuni digs the mountain road; the eldest son Murong Ye stays in the capital Longcheng, the Secretary-General of the Palace (internal history) Liu Bin is the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Sinonong), and the library manager of the Palace (Dian Shuling) Huangfu is really in charge of the affairs of the left-behind mansion.

When Murong Ba's army arrived in Sanxing (Luan County, Hebei Province), Deng Heng, the general of the Later Zhao Empire who conquered the East, panicked, burned the warehouse, abandoned Le'an (Leting County, Hebei Province) and fled. Defend Jicheng (the county where the government of Youzhou is located · Beijing).Sun Yong, the former commander of the militia in the south of Tuhe River in the Yan Empire (Southern Captain) rushed into Le'an to put out the remaining fire and rescue food and silk.Murong Ba then recruited troops and fodder from Le'an and Beiping County (Zunhua City, Hebei Province), and joined Murong Jun in Linqu (Xianghe County, Hebei Province).

In March, the former Yan Corps arrived in Wuzhong (Jixian County, Tianjin City); Wang Wu left his general Wang Tuo to lead thousands of people to defend Jicheng, and he and Deng Heng retreated to Lukou (Raoyang County, Hebei Province). On March 5th, Murong Jun captured Jicheng, captured Wang Tuo alive, and beheaded him. Murong Jun planned to kill more than a thousand soldiers of Wang Tuo.Murong Ba dissuaded him and said: "The government of Zhao State (later Zhao Empire) was cruel and tyrannical. Your Majesty sent out a large army to attack, in order to rescue the people in dire straits and appease Zhongzhou (Central Plains). Now, as soon as you get Jicheng, you will kill them first." Soldiers, I'm afraid the king's teacher's good reputation is not good." Murong Jun then moved the capital to Jicheng, and people from Zhongzhou defected to him and asked for protection, and they came one after another.

The former Yan Corps arrived in Fanyang County (Jianzhou City, Hebei Province).Li Chan, the magistrate of Fanyang County in the later Zhao Dynasty, planned to refuse to defend the royal family surnamed Shi, but his subordinates refused to accept the order. Li Chan had to surrender eight counties in his county (eight counties: Zhuo County, Liangxiang County, Fangcheng County, Xiang County, Qiu County, Gu'an County, Fanyang County, Rongcheng County).Murong Jun ordered Li Chan to remain the county magistrate. Li Chan's son Li Ji served as the general affairs officer (don't drive) in the Youzhou government of Later Zhao. He abandoned his family and followed Youzhou Governor Wang Wu to retreat to Lukou.General Deng Heng of Zhengdong said to Wang Wu: "Li Ji's hometown is in the north (Li Ji is from Fanyang County), and my father (Li Chan) has surrendered to the enemy. Although he is here with us today, I am afraid that it is difficult to guarantee that he will remain the same. At that time, he may be implicated by him, so it is better to get rid of him." Wang Wu said: "What is this talk? Even the ancient martyrs could not surpass, but they were killed by unfounded suspicion. When the strong men in Yanzhao area (Hebei Province) heard the news, they would say that we are just a group of robbers gathered together, which is meaningless. The hearts of the people are scattered, We can’t gather again, we may sit here and wait for the massacre to collapse for this matter.” Deng Heng then stopped.However, Wang Wu was still worried that some generals who disagreed with him might kill him, so he ordered Li Ji to return north.Li Ji said goodbye and returned home. When he met Murong Jun, the former King of Yan, Murong Jun scolded him and said: "You don't know the destiny, you don't even want your father, and you go to pursue a false name. Why didn't you come here until today!" Li Ji replied: " I am attached to my old master (referring to Wang Wu), and I am determined to maintain a little chastity. Wherever I am, I will serve the king. Your Highness is fighting for the world with righteousness, and I don't think it is too late." Murong Jun was very happy, thick Treat him favorably.

Murong Jun appointed his younger brother Murong Yi as the sheriff (Chenglang) of Dangdai County (Yuxian County, Hebei Province), and Sun Yong as the sheriff (prefect) of Guangning County (Zhuolu County, Hebei Province).All county heads and county heads in Youzhou (northern Hebei Province) were appointed. On March 24, Murong Jun ordered Mu Yuju, a tribal official in central Xianbei (Qili), to be the commander of Jizhong (Jicheng) left behind (Jizhong Liushi), and personally led an army to attack Lukou where Deng Heng was guarding.When the army arrived at Qingliang (south of Qingyuan County, Hebei Province), Deng Heng's general Lu Bozao (Lu Bo, surname) led thousands of people to launch a night attack on the Qianyan Corps. Half of them had already broken into the camp. into the tent.Murong Ba woke up from a dream, jumped up and fought hard, and beheaded more than ten people with his own hands. Lu Bozao's offensive was blocked and he couldn't approach the camp.Murong Jun said to Mu Yugen: "The thief's attack is unstoppable, we should avoid him for the time being." We hope to win by luck. We were looking for the bandit, but the bandit was delivered to us, so we should fight head-on, so what doubts there is? Your Majesty just sit back and relax, and we will defeat the powerful enemy for His Majesty!" Murong Jun was still fidgeting, and finally the Secretary of the Palace Accompanied by the chief (internal historian) Li Hong, he left the camp and stationed in a high place in the wild.Mu Yugen led hundreds of elite soldiers from left and right to pass through the gate of the central camp and directly attacked Lu Bozao; after Li Hong settled down Murong Jun, he gathered cavalry troops and came back to help in the battle, and Lu Bozao was forced to retreat.The former Yan Corps pursued for more than forty miles, but Lu Bo escaped with only one life, and almost all the night attack troops he led were dead.Murong Jun led his army back to Jicheng (Murong Jun gave up attacking Lukou and returned to the army because Lu Bo frightened him. Although Murong Jun won the battle, he still had lingering fears). 5. Li Min, the first emperor of the Ranwei Empire, restored his original surname—Ran, Ms. Zunniang, the Queen Mother, made his wife, Ms. Dong, the queen, and the eldest son Ran Zhi became the crown prince; the princes Ran Yin, Ran Ming, and Ran Yu All named princes.Appoint Li Nong as Dazai (one of the Shang Sangongs), commander-in-chief of the national armed forces, in charge of government secrets (recording affairs), and seal Qi Wang.Li Nong's sons are all county-level dukes.He sent envoys "Chijie" to the separatist areas (referring to Zhang Shen, Fu Hong, Yao Gezhong, etc.) to issue amnesty orders, but no one accepted them. Ma Qiu suggested to Fu Hong (Pu Hong): "Ran Min and Shi Zhi are confronting each other, and the chaos in the Central Plains cannot be calmed down for a while. It is better to occupy Guanzhong (central part of Shaanxi Province) first, and then develop eastward after the foundation is solid. Who can resist the highest leadership power in the world?" Fu Hong fully agreed.But soon, Ma Qiu held a banquet for Fu Hong, and put poison in the wine, intending to capture Fu Hong's tribe after poisoning Fu Hong to death.Fu Jian, Fu Hong's eldest son, arrested Ma Qiu and beheaded him.Fu Hong said to Fu Jian: "The reason why I didn't enter the pass (Hangu Pass) was because I always believed that Zhongzhou could be pacified, but now unfortunately I fell into the trick of this little rascal. The matter of Zhongzhou is beyond your brother's ability. I die After that, hurry up and enter the customs!" Yan Bi passed away (at the age of sixty-six).Fu Jian took over from his father and ruled the people, and canceled the titles of Commander-in-Chief, Supreme Commander, and King of Three Qins.Instead, he used the officials and nobles of the Jin Empire ("Fake Festival", General You, Commander of the Yellow River Hebei Expedition and Suppression Vanguard, Duke Xiangguo), and sent his uncle Fu An to Jiankang, the capital of the Jin Empire, to report the funeral of Fu Hong, and asked the Jin Empire government Issue new appointments. 6. Shi Zhi, the emerging king of the Later Zhao Empire, ascended the throne in Xiangguo and proclaimed himself emperor (seven emperors), and changed his reign name to Yongning.Appoint Ruyin Wang Shikun as the prime minister, and all states and counties controlled by the six barbarians will respond with troops (six barbarians: Xiongnu, Jie, Di, Qiang, Xianbei, Baman). Shi Zhi appointed Yao Yizhong (who was stationed in Shitou at that time) as the Prime Minister of the Right, and made him the king of Zhao, and treated him with special and generous etiquette.Yao Yizhong's son, Yao Xiang, was brave and resourceful. Intellectuals and civilians loved him very much, and asked Yao Yizhong to designate Yao Xiang as the legal heir. Yao Yizhong disagreed because Yao Xiang was not the eldest son, but requested There are thousands of people every day, and Yao Yizhong taught him to lead the troops.Shi Zhi appointed Yao Xiang as the general of hussars, the governor of Yuzhou, and the title of Duke Xinchang.He also appointed Fu Jian (who was stationed in Fangtou at the time) as the commander-in-chief of the Yellow River Henan Military Region (supervisor of the Henan military forces), the general of Zhennan, the third division of Kaifu Yitong (prime minister level), the full-power governor of Yanzhou (western Shandong Province) (shepherd), Duke of Lueyang County. In summer, in April, Emperor Shizhi of Later Zhao sent Ruyin King Shikun to lead an army of 100,000 people to attack the Ranwei Empire. 7. Emperor Ran Min of the Ran Wei Empire killed Qi Wang Li Nong and Li Nong's three sons, together with Premier of the State Council (Shang Shuling) Wang Mo, senior consultant (Shi Zhong) Wang Yan, eunuch in the bedroom (Zhong Chang Shi) Yan Zhen, Zhao Sheng (the reason why Ran Min killed Li Nong is unknown, but no matter what the reason, the killing of allies who shared life and death, and it was launched suddenly, shows that Ran Min's stupidity is worse than Shi Hu).Ran Min sent an envoy to the north bank of the Yangtze River to inform the Jin Empire: "The Hu people rebelled and disturbed the Central Plains, and now they have been punished. If you have the strength to crusade, you might as well send troops to the north." The Jin Empire government did not respond (this is an earth-shaking change. , surpassed the knowledge of the Jin Empire's gnawing maggots, and did not know how to react). 8. In May, Yuan Zhen, the governor of Lujiang County (Shucheng County, Anhui Province) of the Jin Empire attacked Hefei (Hefei City, Anhui Province) of the Ranwei Empire, captured it, and took the residents back to Jiangnan (south of the Yangtze River). 9. In June, King Shikun of Ruyin of the Later Zhao Empire entered Handan (Handan City, Hebei Province), and Zhennan General Liu Guo led an army from Fanyang (Neihuang County, Henan Province) to join forces.The commander of the garrison of the capital of the Ranwei Empire (General Wei) Wang Tai met him and smashed the Shikun Corps, killing more than 10,000 people. Liu Guo retreated to Fanyang. 10. Finally, Duan Lan died in Lingzhi (Qian’an County, Hebei Province) (Yuwen Tribe sold Duan Lan and sent it to the Later Zhao Empire, refer to August 343), and his son Duan Kan (refer to the first month of this year) took over Father Junquan, taking advantage of the civil strife among the royal family surnamed Shi in the Zhao Empire, led his troops to the south. In autumn and July, Duan Kan moved eastward from Chenliu County, occupied Guanggu (Qingzhou City, Shandong Province), and claimed to be the King of Qi. 11. In August, Zhao Kui, a generational county resident of the former Yan Kingdom, led more than 300 families to rebel, and was attached to Zhang Ping, the governor of Bingzhou (central part of Shanxi Province) in the later Zhao Empire.Former King Murong Jun of Yan moved the residents of Guangning County and Shanggu County (Huailai County, Hebei Province) to Xuwu (the county where the county government of Beiping County is located, Zunhua City, Hebei Province); he moved the residents of Dai County to Fancheng ( South of Pingquan County, Hebei Province. Hu Sansheng's original note: "I'm afraid they will rebel and return to Hou Zhao, so they forcibly moved."). 12. When Wang Lang, the chariot general of the Later Zhao Empire, left Chang'an (refer to the first month of this year), the military and political officer (Sima) Du Hong took over Chang'an, claiming to be the general of the Jin Empire and governor of Yongzhou, and appointed Zhang Ju, a native of Fengyi County, as a military and political officer. (West of Hangu Pass) Yi people and Han people responded one after another.Fu Jian, the Duke of Xiangguo who had just received the official title of the Jin Empire, planned to seize Chang'an. I was afraid that Du Hong would know his plot, so Fu Jian decided to accept the official titles (commander of the Yellow River South Military Region, General Zhennan, Kaifu Yitong Sansi, Governor of Yanzhou with full authority, Duke of Lueyang County); ordered Zhao Ju to be the governor of Hanoi County (Qinyang City, Henan Province), stationed in Wen County (west of Wen County, Henan Province), and Niu Yi to be General Anji , stationed in Huai County (Wuzhi County, Henan Province), built palaces in the base area Fangtou (Qimendu, southeast of Qi County, Henan Province), and urged the people to plant wheat and fields, expressing their determination to stay here for a long time, and have no intention of returning west; some are clever People knew it was just a disguise, and they refused to waste their energy, and refused to cultivate, so Fu Jian killed all those smart people to show the public.After everything was ready, Fu Jian claimed to be the general of the Jin Empire conquering the west, the commander-in-chief of the Guanzhong Military Region (supervising all the military forces in Guanzhong), and the governor of Yongzhou.Appoint Jia Xuanshuo from Wuwei County (Wuwei City, Gansu Province) as the secretary-general of the left, Liang An from Lueyang County (east of Tianshui County, Gansu Province) as the secretary-general of the right, Duan Chun as the left military and political officer (Zuo Sima), and Xin Lao as the right military and political officer Officer (You Sima), Ren Wangyu from Jingzhao County (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), and Cheng Ji and Hu Wen from Anding County (Southeast Shuguang Township, Zhenyuan County, Gansu Province) are the chief staff officers (military counselor Jijiu); all ministries The crowd, men, women, old and young, all set out from the camp and went west.Appointing Yu Zun as the vanguard, he arrived at Mengjin (Mengjin · East Yellow River Ferry, Mengjin County, Henan Province), and temporarily built a pontoon bridge to cross the river.Fu Jian sent his younger brother, General Fu Xiong, to lead 5,000 people from Tongguan (Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province) to the west; When they parted, Fu Jian held Fu Jing's hand and said, "If things don't go well, you will die in Hebei, and I will die in Henan, and we will never see each other again." Fu Jing then crossed the Yellow River.Fu Jian ordered the pontoon bridge to be burned down, and then marched westward with Fu Xiong of the South Route Army. Du Hong, who was guarding Chang'an, got the news and wrote a letter to Fu Jian, insulting and criticizing.Zhang Ju's younger brother Zhang Xian was appointed as the general who conquered the captives, and led an army of 13,000 to fight north of Tongguan.Zhang Xianjun was defeated and fled back to Chang'an. Du Hong urgently recruited all the armed forces in Guanzhong to resist.Du Hong's younger brother Du Yu advised Du Hong to welcome Fu Jian, but Du Hong refused (an arrogant letter made him unable to turn around).Du Yu then led his troops back to Fu Jian.Fu Jian sent Fu Xiong to seize the city north of the Wei River.Mao Shou, the chief of the Di tribe, was stationed in Gaoling (Gaoling County, Shaanxi Province), Xu Xuan was stationed in Haofeng (Qian County, Shaanxi Province), and Baidu, the chief of the Qiang tribe, was stationed in Huangbai (northeast of Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province). Everyone beheaded the officials sent by Du Hong, surrendered to Fu Jian, and sent their son as a hostage.Among the cities and villages that Fu Jing and Yu Zun passed by, none of them surrendered.Only then did Du Hong start to fear, so he could only stick to Chang'an. 13. Generals Zhang Hedu, Duan Qin, Liu Guo, and Jin Tu of the Later Zhao Empire joined forces in Changcheng (Nanle County, Henan Province) and prepared to attack Yecheng.Ran Wei Emperor Ran Min went to battle in person and met Zhang Hedu and others at Cangting (Yanggu County, Shandong Province), where Zhang Hedu and others were defeated, killing 28,000 people.Ran Min pursued and chased him to Yin'an (north of Qingfeng County, Henan Province), beheaded Jin Tu, and captured all Jin Tu's tribesmen and returned.Ran Min's armed forces were more than 300,000. When the army was dispatched, the flags were fluttering, the drums were thundering, and it stretched for more than 100 miles. Even the father and son of Shi Hu (the third emperor of the Zhao Empire) could not exceed the military strength of the father and son when they were at their strongest. Xin Mi from Longxi County (Longxi County, Gansu Province), a Sanqi attendant (Sanqi Changshi) in Luoyang, the capital of the Jin Empire (Jin Dynasty), enjoyed a grand reputation. After the Han Zhao Empire and the Later Zhao Empire, every day The next time he was offered to be an official, he refused to accept it.Ran Min used the most respectful etiquette to hire him as the Minister of Sacrifice (Tai Chang). Xin Mi wrote to Ran Min, saying: "When things develop to their peak, they will rebound. When your achievements reach their peak, there is danger. Your Majesty's achievements have been completed." , should take advantage of the great military victory and return to the Jin Dynasty. There must be the integrity of Xu You and Boyi, and the longevity of Chisongzi and Ji Qiao." (Chisongzi, the astronomy minister of Shennong in ancient times, can jump into the fire Will not burn to death, usually eat biyu for a living, often go to Kunlun Mountains, live in the stone house of the Queen Mother of the West, and be her distinguished guest. The youngest daughter of Shennong followed him and became a fairy. At that time, Chisongzi once again served as Minister of Astronomy. For Ji Qiao’s affairs, please refer to the note in March 301.) After the letter was sent, he died of a hunger strike. (Even if Ran Min returns to the Jin Empire, how can he have the "honesty of Xu You and Boyi"? Once traditional intellectuals quote scriptures, they only want to show that they know more, and often ignore the facts.) 14. In September, the former king of Yan, Murong Jun, went south to Jizhou, seized the land, and conquered Zhangwu County (Dacheng County, Hebei Province) and Hejian County (Xian County, Hebei Province). At first, Jia Jian from Bohai County (Nanpi County, Hebei Province) advocated integrity since he was a child. During the Later Zhao Empire, he served as the palace security commander (the governor of the palace). The Yecheng government collapsed), Jia Jian left Ran Wei Emperor Ran Min, returned to the village, and still controlled thousands of families.Murong Ping, the former Prime Minister of the Yan Kingdom, went south to seize the land, arrived in Bohai County, and sent people to surrender Jia Jian. Jia Jian refused. Murong Ping attacked and captured Jia Jian alive.Murong Jun, the former King of Yan, appointed Murong Ping as the county magistrate of Zhangwu County and Feng Yu as the county magistrate of Hejian County.Both Murong Jun and Murong Ke love Jia Jian as a general.At that time, Jia Jiannian was over sixty years old.When Murong Ke heard that he was good at archery, he took an ox and stood a hundred steps away and asked Jia Jian to try shooting. Jia Jian said, "When I was young, I could deliberately miss the arrow. Now I am old and I am already old." You can’t miss it!” He fired two arrows in a row, one lightly brushed the back of the cow, the other lightly brushed the belly of the cow, and the hair fell off without hurting the skin. The marks on the upper and lower arrows were exactly the same.Murong Jun appointed Jia Jian as the governor of Leling County, and the county government set up Gaocheng (Yanshan County, Hebei Province. The county government of Leling County was originally set up as Yanci). 15. Fu Jing and Zhang Xian fought on the north bank of the Weishui River, captured Zhang Xian alive, and all the counties and villages of Sanfu (that is, Guanzhong, the central area of ​​Shaanxi Province) were attached to them.In winter, in October, Fu Jian drove straight into Chang'an.Du Hong and Zhang Ju defected to Sizhu (Sizhu Garden in the southeast of Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Province). 16. The former King of Yan, Murong Jun, returned to Jicheng, the capital, and left the generals to guard him, and then returned to the old capital, Longcheng, to visit the royal tombs and sacrificial temples. 17. In November, Ran Wei Emperor Ran Min led a 100,000 infantry and cavalry mixed corps to attack Xiangguo, the capital of the Zhao Empire.He granted his son Ran Yin the Great Shanyu and General Hussars, and assigned a thousand Huns who had surrendered to Ran Yin's battalion.Wei Jian, a special state official, dissuaded: "The Xiongnu and the Jie people are our deadly enemies, and now they come to surrender, just to save their lives temporarily. If there is a change, it will be too late to regret. Please kill or expel these surrenders. Xiongnu, don’t want the title of ‘Shan Yu’ anymore, to prevent disasters from happening.” Ran Min was planning to appease the Xiongnu Jie people, when he heard Wei Jian’s words, he was very angry; he cut Wei Jian and his son Wei Boyang. . 18. On Jiawu Day in November (November Wuxushuo, there is no Jiawu), Fu Jian, who claimed to be the general of the Jin Empire to conquer the west, entered Chang'an. Because the people missed the Jin Empire, he sent Du Shanbo, a military councilor (joining the army), to Jiankang, presented the results of the war to the Jin Empire, and established a personal friendship with Huan Wen, the genuine general who conquered the West.The Han and Yi people in Qinzhou (southern Gansu Province) and Yongzhou all surrendered to him. Shi Ning, governor of Liangzhou in the Later Zhao Empire, stood alone in Shangyu (the county where the governments of Later Zhao Liang and Qin Erzhou are located, Tianshui City, Gansu Province), and refused to surrender. In December, Fu Xiong attacked and beheaded Shi Ning. 19. The Jin Empire government appointed Cai Mo as Prime Minister (Situ). It has been three years since the order was issued, but Cai Mo has always refused to take office (refer to December of the previous year). The imperial edict was issued repeatedly, and the empress dowager Xuan Suanzi also sent envoys to express his sincerity. Cai Mo still refused to take office.Therefore, Jin Emperor Sima Dan (eight years old this year) personally boarded the high platform of the Jinluan Palace, and sent senior consultant Ji Ji and forbidden palace consultant (Huang Menlang) Ding Zuan to recruit Cai Mo.Cai Mo stated that he was seriously ill, and sent the chief secretary (master book) Xie You to come out and resign.From morning to afternoon, the envoys went back and forth more than ten times; Cai Shou insisted on it all the time.This year, Sima Dan was only eight years old, and he was very tired. He asked his attendants, "Why hasn't the person who summoned him come yet? When will he be here?" , He said: "Cai Mo will definitely not come, so he should retreat from the court." Yin Hao, the general of the Chinese army, then petitioned to remove Jiang Xi, Minister of Civil Affairs of the State Council (Shangshu of the Ministry of Officials).Sima Yu, king of Kuaiji, ordered the State Council: "Cai Mo is arrogant, disobedient to the king, and has no etiquette to be a subject. If the king at the top bows his knees in humility, and the people at the bottom cannot uphold the righteousness, it will be difficult to implement the state's government." San Gong, Ministerial officials then impeached: "Cai Mo is arrogant, contemptuous of the king, the crime is the same as treason, please allow it to be handed over to the Ministry of Justice (Ting Wei), and punished according to law." Cai Mo was terrified, led his children to kneel and kowtow at the palace gate, Go to the Ministry of Justice to wait for punishment.Yin Hao planned to execute him, but it happened that Xun Xian, the governor of Xuzhou (the state government established Jingkou), came to Beijing. Yin Hao asked Xun Xian for his opinion. Wen) raise troops to question crimes." Yin Haocai stopped.In the end, Sima Dan issued an edict (Yin Haozhao) to exempt Cai Mo from all his officials and titles and demote him to be a commoner. 1. In spring, on the first day of the first lunar month, there is a solar eclipse. 2. Jia Xuanshuo, the secretary-general of Zuo (Zuo Changshi) Jia Xuanshuo, who claimed to be the general of the Jin Empire (capital Jiankang) who conquered the west of Fu Jian (then stationed in Chang'an), requested Fu Jian to follow Liu Bei's previous example of calling Hanzhong king (refer to July 219 month), Shangshu (represented) the Jin Empire government, supported Fu Jian as the commander-in-chief of the Guanzhong Military Region (supervisor of all military forces in Guanzhong), supreme commander (general), Da Shanyu, and King of Qin.Fu Jian said angrily: "I am only worthy of being the King of Qin, right? The envoys sent to the Jin State (the Jin Empire) have not yet returned. People like you cannot know my rank." Secretary-General (Chang Shi on the right) Liang An suggested that Jia Xuanshuo and others jointly confer the honorary title of emperor to Fu Jian; On the 20th day of the first lunar month, Fu Jian (35 years old this year) ascended the throne, claiming to be the Heavenly King (one of the Jingming Emperors). During the Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms period, ethnic minority leaders were very interested in the "Heavenly King", probably because of an inferiority complex. You have to pass the level of "Tianwang" before you dare to be emperor again), Da Shanyu, the country is named Daqin, amnesty, and this year is named Huangshi (the seventh kingdom of the Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms rises. The one called "Qin" in history There are four regimes, we call the regime established by Fu Jian the "Former Qin Empire" as a distinction).His father, Fu Hong, was honored as Emperor Wuhui, and his temple name was Taizu; Fang was the Duke of Gaoyang, Fu Shuo was the Duke of Beiping, Fu Teng was the Duke of Huaiyang, Fu Liu was the Duke of Jin, Fu Tong was the Duke of Runan, Fu Xing (sound sou) was the Duke of Wei, Fu Wu was the Duke of Yan, Fu You was the Duke of Zhao male.Appoint the emperor's younger brother Fu Xiong as the commander-in-chief of all military regions across the country (supervisor of Chinese and foreign military forces), prime minister, general of chariots and riders, full-power governor (mu) of Yongzhou (central part of Shaanxi Province), and Duke of Donghai; the emperor's nephew Fu Jing as the general of the guard , Duke of Pingchang, responsible for guarding the Second Palace (imperial palace and Taiwo uterus); Lei Ruoer is the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces (Taiwei), Mao Gui is the chief inspector (Sikong), from Lueyang County (east of Tianshui County, Gansu Province) Jiang Bozhou was the Prime Minister of the State Council (Shang Shu Ling), Liang Leng was the left executive director of the State Council (Zuo PU She), Wang Tuo was the right executive director of the State Council (You PU She), Yu Zun was the Prince Taishi (one of the three prince divisions), and the strong Ping was the Taifu (the second of the upper third), Duan Chun was the Taibao (the third of the last three);Jiang Bozhou is Fu Jian's uncle.Qiang Ping is the younger brother of Queen Qiang.Lu Polou is the chief of the Di ethnic tribe in Lueyang County. 3. King Qi Duankan (Duankan entered Qingzhou, refer to July last year) who occupied Guanggu (the seat of Qingzhou Prefecture Government · Qingzhou City, Shandong Province), donated Qingzhou (northern Shandong Province), and surrendered to the Jin Empire. On February 13th, the Jin Empire appointed Duan Kan as the general of Zhenbei and granted the title of Duke of Qi. 4. The emperor (first term) Ran Min (Ran Min) of the Ran Wei Empire (the capital Yecheng) besieged Xiangguo (the capital of the Later Zhao Empire, Xingtai City, Hebei Province) for more than 100 days. Only unable to resist, the situation was critical, so he revoked the title of emperor and changed his name to Zhao Wang (later Zhao Wang).Zhang Ju, the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces, was sent to the former Kingdom of Yan (Jicheng, the capital) to ask for help and promised to deliver the jade seal of the kingdom; another general of the Chinese army, Zhang Chun, was sent to Futou (northeast of Zaoqiang County, Hebei Province) to ask Yao Yizhong for help. Call for help.Yao Yizhong sent his son Yao Xiang to lead 28,000 cavalry to help, and warned Yao Xiang: "Ran Min abandoned benevolence and righteousness, and slaughtered Shi's family (refer to December of the previous year). Hu) treated him generously and should avenge him, but he is too old (71 years old) and sick to go in person. Your talent is ten times that of Ran Min. If you don’t capture Ran Min alive , don’t come back to see me.” Yao Yizhong also sent someone to Qianyan Kingdom to ask for support.Murong Jun (33 years old this year), the former king of Yan (the second Emperor Jingzhao), sent Yue Wan (Yue, surname), the general who defended against difficulties, to lead an army of 30,000 troops to join forces with Yao Xiang. After Ran Min received news from the Zhao Empire that Murong Jun was about to send troops to the rescue, he sent Chang Wei, the staff commander of the Supreme Command (Da Sima engaged in Zhonglang) and Chang Wei from Guangning County (Zhuolu County, Hebei Province) as an envoy to the Kingdom of Yan to request reconciliation.Murong Jun ordered Feng Yu to question Chang Wei, saying: "Ran Min is the adopted son of the Shi family. He is ungrateful and commits rebellion. How dare he become emperor casually?" Chang Wei said: "Zi Tianyi (Tang) exiled Si Lugui (Jie), Ji Fa (King Wu) conquered Zi Shou Xin (Zhou) and established the royal cause of Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty. Cao Cao was adopted by eunuchs. No one knew who his real father was, but he finally created the Cao Wei Empire. If it was not God’s order , how can it be successful? By analogy with these things, why ask more questions?" Feng Yu said: "It is rumored that when Ran Min first ascended the throne, he used gold to mold his portrait to predict success or failure, but the portrait has never been cast. Is there such a time? What happened?" Chang Wei said: "I've never heard of such a thing." Feng Yu said: "People from the south say so, why do they have to cover it up?" To confuse the public, they fake auspiciousness, talisman, fortune-telling and divination to increase their own social status. Our emperor (Ran Min) holds the talisman jade seal in his hand, lives in Zhongzhou (Central Plains), and bears the destiny without any doubt. Why do we put the real As a fake, what kind of golden statue was cast randomly?" Feng Yu said: "Where is the jade seal of Chuanguo?" Chang Wei said: "It is in Yecheng." Feng Yu said: "Zhang Ju said it was in Xiangguo." Chang Wei said Said: "On the day when the Hu people and Jie people were massacred (refer to December of the previous year), none of the people in Yecheng was left behind. Come here to ask for help, in order to achieve the goal, you can talk freely, you can say anything, let alone a jade seal?" Murong Jun still believed that Zhang Ju's words were reliable, so he piled the firewood beside Chang Wei, and ordered Feng Yu to use his personal relationship to seduce him, saying: "Brother, you should think twice, don't get it to the end and burn it into a pile of ashes." Wei replied solemnly: "Shijiaban is cruel and violent. Shi Hu personally led an army to besiege the capital of your country (the former capital of Jicheng). Although it could not be conquered, it finally retreated (refer to May 338); however, the determination to conquer you , has not changed. Later, a large amount of food, fodder and weapons were transported to the northeast border, not to help you, but to destroy you (refer to September 340). Our emperor cut off the Shi family, although not for the sake of Your country, but the heart of a subject and a dutiful son, how will the enemy feel when he hears the death of the enemy? Isn't it weird how to stand on the enemy's side and blame us! I have heard that after death , The flesh and blood are buried, and the soul ascends to heaven. Thanks to your favor, please add more firewood and set fire quickly, so that I can complain to heaven as soon as possible." Murong Jun asked to kill Chang Wei, Murong Jun said: "He is a loyal minister who sacrificed his life for his king. Besides, Ran Min is guilty, what does it have to do with the envoy?" Let him out and live in a hotel.In the evening of the same day, Zhao Zhan, Chang Wei's fellow countryman, was sent to visit and comfort him. He advised Chang Wei, "Why don't you tell the truth? The king (Murong Jun) is very angry and plans to send you to the coast of Liaohai (Bohai Bay), Jieshi (North of Changli County, Hebei Province), what should I do?" Chang Wei said: "Since I tied up my hair (Cheng Tong), I have never lied to the common people, let alone the king! In order to cater to others, I twisted my conscience. ，我的本性使我无法做到。我说的都是实话，即令沉到东海，不敢逃避。”遂躺下来，面对墙壁，不再跟赵瞻交谈。赵瞻把全部谈话报告慕容儁，慕容儁就把常炜囚禁龙城（辽宁省朝阳市）。 5、后赵帝国并州（山西省中部）州长张平派使节投降前秦帝国（首都长安）。前秦帝国天王苻健任命张平当最高统帅、冀州全权州长（牧）。 6、前燕王慕容儁由龙城返回首都蓟城。 7、三月，后赵帝国骠骑将军姚襄（时驻滠头）、汝阴王石琨（时驻信都）分别率军救援首都襄国。冉魏帝冉闵派车骑将军胡睦在长芦水（河北省新河县境，今已湮没）迎击姚襄；将军孙威在黄丘（河北省辛集市境）迎击石琨；二人都大败逃回，率领的士卒几乎全部死光。 冉闵准备亲自出征，首都卫戍司令（卫将军）王泰劝阻说：“襄国还没有攻下，而他们的援兵却纷纷抵达，我们如果出战，一定前后受到夹攻，这是危险的局面。不如采取守势，严密防范，先挫他们的锐气，然后慢慢等待时机，再行出击。而且，陛下亲自作战，如果万一失误，大事就不可挽回。”冉闵打算停止；可是，道士法饶进言说：“陛下包围襄国，超过一个年头（自去年十一月围攻至今），没有得到一尺一寸土地，而今贼寇前来，再躲躲闪闪，不敢出击，怎么能鼓舞士气？我夜观天象，太白星进入昴星座，一定会诛杀胡王（昴七星，代表胡人），百战百胜，不可失去良机。”冉闵怦然心动，卷起袖子，厉声呐喊说：“我决定出战，胆敢打击民心士气的，斩首！”遂率所有部队出京（首都邺城）迎战姚襄、石琨。而前燕王国御难将军悦绾正巧也率前燕援军抵达，跟冉魏大营相距只有数里，悦绾派出少数骑兵，四面散开，拖着扫帚奔驰，使尘土漫天飞扬，冉魏兵团看到，大为恐惧。姚襄、石琨、悦绾，三面夹击。后赵王石祗率军出襄国城，攻击冉魏兵团背后，冉魏兵团大败，瓦解，冉闵率骑兵十余人奔回邺城。留守邺城新近归降的匈奴部队长栗特康等乘势兵变，展开大规模报复性的血腥屠杀，生擒大单于冉胤及国务院左执行长刘琦，投降后赵帝国；后赵王石祗斩冉胤、刘琦。车骑将军胡睦、最高监察长（司空）石璞、国务院总理（尚书令）徐机、立法院总立法长（中书监）卢谌等以及各级将士，被诛杀的多达十余万人。冉闵秘密进城，没有人知道，邺城人心震恐，传言冉闵已经战死。射击兵团指挥官（射声校尉）张艾请冉闵亲自出面，以安定人心。冉闵接受，谣言才归平息。冉闵用五马分尸的酷刑，处死法饶父子；追赠韦謏宰相（大司徒。韦謏建议尽杀胡人事，参考去年十一月）。姚襄返滠头，姚弋仲对他没有生擒冉闵大为震怒，打姚襄一百棍。 最初，冉闵在后赵帝国当最高统帅时，把所有仓库积存全部散发，用来树立他私人恩惠；跟羌人、匈奴人互相攻击，没有一个月没有战争。被后赵帝国强迫迁到中原青州（山东省北部）、雍州（陕西省中部）、幽州（河北省北部）、荆州（河南省南部）四州的移民以及汉人、氐人、羌人、匈奴人，共数百万（石勒南下，迁荆州居民，参考三一〇年十月。夔安大掠汉水以东，参考三三九年九月。石虎破曹嶷，迁青州居民，参考三二三年八月。破刘胤、石生，迁雍州居民，参考三二九年九月、三三三年十月。破段匹磾及被前燕帝国击败，迁幽州居民，参考三二一年三月、三三八年五月）。因后赵帝国瓦解，法令没有人执行；于是，各人奔回故里，道路上前后交错，互相格杀抢劫，能够平安回到家乡的不过十分之二三（数百万人死）！中原大乱，紧接而来的是大饥馑、大瘟疫，人与人之间吞吃对方尸体（人间惨事），农田荒芜，没有人耕种。 后赵王石祗派他的将领刘显率七万人大军攻击邺城，在明光宫扎营，距邺城二十三里，冉魏帝冉闵大为惊恐，召见王泰，打算共同商量对策，王泰对他上次建议被拒绝一事，仍记恨在心，声称身上刀伤很重，不能前往。冉闵亲自到他家，问他的意见，王泰仍坚持伤势太重。冉闵勃然大怒，回宫后，对左右说：“这个巴蛮奴才，你老子难道非你不能活命？等我先灭匈奴（指刘显），再杀王泰。”率所有部队出战，大破刘显军，追击到阳平郡（河北省馆陶县），杀三万余人。刘显恐惧，秘密派出使节请求投降，承诺回去后诛杀石祗，作为晋身之阶。冉闵遂班师，有人告发（“有人型”）王泰打算叛变投奔前秦帝国。冉闵遂斩王泰，屠灭三族。 8、前秦帝国天王苻健分别派使节到各地慰问人民的困苦，延聘才能优越的人士到政府供职，减少人民沉重的赋税，放宽有关离宫的禁令，废除对民生没有裨益的设施，禁止豪华奢侈的奇装异服，凡是后赵帝国政府对人民不利的暴政，完全撤销。 9、逃到司竹（陕西省周至县东南司竹园）的杜洪、张琚（参考去年十月），派使节邀请晋帝国梁州（州政府设南郑）州长（刺史）司马勋。 夏季，四月，司马勋率步骑兵混合兵团三万人北伐，前秦天王苻健在五丈原（陕西省眉县西北）迎击，司马勋屡战屡败，只好撤回南郑。 苻健对总立法长（中书令）贾玄硕开始时只提议尊奉自己当秦王，而没有提议尊奉自己当皇帝，记恨在心，而且越想越怒不可遏。遂命人告发贾玄硕私通司马勋。逮捕贾玄硕，连同他所有的儿子全部诛杀。 Bo Yang said: 一个人的言谈行为一旦被无限上纲的作恶意诠释，天下就没有不可诛杀的人。忠臣义士随时都会变成叛逆，伏尸刑场。 在民主政治下，根本不可能发生无限上纲这种怪事，即令发生，也只能制造笑柄，不能成为灾祸。 10、后赵帝国勃海郡（河北省南皮县）人逄约（逄，姓。音pang）因后赵帝国已乱，率领部众数千家，归附冉魏帝国，冉魏政府任命逄约当勃海郡郡长。后赵政府任命的郡长刘准是刘隗的侄儿（刘隗投奔后赵帝国，参考三二二年三月）；乡土豪门封放，是封奕的堂弟，另行保卫别的城池，率军自守。冉魏帝冉闵任命刘准当幽州州长，跟逄约把勃海郡从中间瓜分。 前燕王慕容儁派封奕讨伐逄约，派昌黎郡（辽宁省义县）郡长高开讨伐刘准、封放。高开，是高瞻的儿子（高瞻忧死，参考三一九年十二月）。 封奕率军直抵逄约营前，派人告诉逄约说：“我们本来同一乡里（封奕原是勃海郡人，三一一年投奔慕容廆，参考该年十二月），可是隔绝已经太久（整整四十年），相会不易。时势变迁，利害对错，各人有各人的看法，不是靠辩论可以决定。我只盼望你能出营，单独会见，纾解渴慕之情。”逄约一向尊敬封奕，遂即出营，在营门外跟封奕相见，各人都命随从卫士退避，仅二人单身匹马，面对交谈。封奕因谈起平生际遇，谈毕之后，封奕说：“我跟你世世代代都是同乡，情谊十分厚重，唯一的盼望是，使你享受无穷的福分，如今既有机会见面，不可以不把话说完。冉闵利用石家班内乱，接收现成的基业，依照道理，天下人都应该佩服他的强盛。可是，事情却恰恰相反，战乱不过才刚开始，由此可看出：天命不能用人力争取。燕王（慕容儁）世代累积恩德，伸张大义，讨伐叛乱，所向没有敌手，现在已经迁都蓟城，南面接近古赵魏地区（河北省中部南部），远近人民，扶老携幼，纷纷归附。人民再难忍受水深火热的痛苦，一致盼望施行仁政的君王。冉闵的灭亡，就在早晚之间。成功失败的形势，十分明显。而且，燕王开创帝王大业，虚心礼贤下士。阁下如果能改变主意，则功劳可以上比周勃、灌婴，荣耀可以传到后代。何必要当一个亡国的将领，困守孤城，等待一定不可避免的灾祸！”逄约听到后，心情惆怅，不能回答一语。封奕马夫张安，勇猛有力，封奕事前已经告诉他应该怎么做；于是，乘着逄约精神不能集中之际，张安突然进袭，抓住逄约的马缰，挟持逄约，奔回大营。既到大营，封奕请逄约坐下，对他说：“看你犹豫，不能一下决定，所以代你决定。绝不是要俘虏你去换功名，而是要保全你以安定人民。” 高开军抵达勃海郡，刘准、封放开城迎降。前燕王慕容儁任命，封放当勃海郡郡长，刘准当左军政官（左司马）、逄约当军事参议官（参军事），因逄约受骗被俘，改他的名字叫逄钓。 11、后赵帝国将领刘显返首都襄国后，诛杀后赵王石祗、丞相乐安王石炳、太宰（上三公之一）赵庶等十余人，把人头送到冉魏帝国首都邺城（后赵帝国立国三十三年，共七任君主，于兹灭亡。五胡十九国中第三个兴起，也第三个结束的短命王国。后赵帝国亡后，中国国土上五国并立：晋帝国、前凉王国、前燕王国、冉魏帝国、前秦帝国）。骤骑将军石宁（非凉州州长石宁，参考三五〇年十二月）逃奔柏人（河北省隆尧县西）。 冉魏帝冉闵把石祗的人头在热闹的大道上用火焚烧。任命刘显当上大将军、大单于、冀州全权州长。 12、五月，后赵帝国兖州（山东省西部）州长刘启，从鄄城（兖州州政府所在县·山东省鄄城县北）投奔晋帝国。 秋季，七月，刘显率军忽然再度进攻邺城，冉魏帝冉闵迎战，击败刘显军。刘显回襄国后，就登上宝座，自称皇帝（国号年号，史书都无记载）。 I1八月，冉魏帝国所属徐州（州政府设廪丘）州长周成、兖州（州政府设鄄城）州长魏统、荆州（州政府设宛县）州长乐弘、豫州（州政府设许昌）全权州长张遇，分别献出州政府所在地廪丘、许昌等，归降晋帝国。平南将军高崇、征虏将军吕护，逮捕洛州（州政府设洛阳）州长郑系，献出城池，也归降晋帝国。 15、前燕王慕容儁派辅国将军慕容恪攻击冉魏帝国中山郡（河北省定州市），辅弼将军慕容评攻击冉魏帝国幽州州长王午据守的鲁口（河北省饶阳县）。冉魏中山郡郡长上谷郡（河北省怀来县）人侯龛紧闭城门固守。慕容恪向南侵入常山郡（河北省正定县）夺取土地，大军在九门（河北省藁城市西北）扎营，冉魏赵郡（河北省高邑县）郡长、辽西郡（河北省卢龙县）人李邽献出全郡投降，慕容恪优厚安抚，率同李邽的军队，回军围攻中山郡，侯龛才开城投降，慕容恪进入中山郡，把旧有将领以及土著豪族数十家，强迫迁到首都蓟城，其他居民，丝毫不受惊扰，军令严明，一草一木都不侵犯（五千年历史中，中国人很少遇到有纪律的军队，偶尔有这种奇遇，史籍必然大书特书，可悲可哀）。慕容评大军抵达南安（今地不详），王午派部将郑生迎战，慕容评击斩郑生。 御难将军悦绾从襄国返首都蓟城，前燕王慕容儁才知道传国玉玺不在襄国，于是斩故后赵帝国求救使节张举，释放冉魏帝国使节常炜（二人事，参考本年二月）。常炜有四个儿子、两个女儿，都在中山郡，慕容儁教他们到蓟城看望老爹。常炜上疏（奏章）谢恩，慕容儁亲笔写回信说：“你本来不在乎一死，我只是跟你有乡里之情（原籍都属幽州），才对你保全。而今大乱之中，你的儿女一齐前来看你，岂不是上天怜悯！上天尚且如此，何况于我！”赏赐给他一位美女当小老婆、米谷三百斛（战乱之中，粒米都似黄金），使他定居凡城（河北省平泉县南）。 任命北平郡（河北省遵化市）郡长孙兴当中山郡郡长；孙兴擅长于慰问安抚，中山郡遂归平安。 16、冉魏帝国据守上党郡（山西省黎城县西南）的乌桓部落酋长库傉官伟（库傉官，三字姓）率领部众投降前燕。 17、故后赵帝国右丞相姚弋仲（时驻滠头），派使节前往晋帝国，请求归降。 冬季，十月，晋帝国政府加授姚弋仲“使持节”（一级权力）、六夷总司令官（六夷大都督）、长江以北军区司令官（督江北诸军事）、车骑大将军、开府仪同三司（宰相级）、大单于，封高陵郡公。任命他的儿子姚襄“持节”（二级权力）、平北将军、并州军区司令长官（都督并州诸军事）、并州州长，封平乡县公。 18、前燕王国军事参议官（参军事）逄约（逄钓）逃回勃海郡，集结旧有部属，叛离前燕。乐陵郡（河北省盐山县）郡长贾坚派人传话给乡人，分析成败利害。逄约部众溃散，逄约投奔晋帝国。 19、吐谷浑汗国（青海省）可汗（三任）慕容叶延逝世，子慕容碎奚继位（四任）。 20、最初，晋帝国征西大将军桓温听到后赵帝国石姓皇族互相残杀、内乱已起消息，上疏请求出军，夺取中原（桓温上疏时间，大概在进驻安陆的前年六月）。迄今两年有余，中央仍没有任何指示。桓温知道政府仗恃殷浩，跟自己对抗，内心十分愤恨；然而，他一向知道殷浩的为人，因此也毫不在意。只因国内没有发生其他事情，数年以来，一直保持平衡。中央对桓温，也只维持君臣名义，保持形式上的联系。西方八个州的人力、物力资源，中央全不能过问（八州：荆州、司州、雍州、益州、梁州、宁州、交州、广州）。桓温屡次请求北伐，晋帝（十一任穆帝）司马聃（本年九岁）都下诏（殷浩诏）不准。 十二月十一日，桓温忍无可忍，遂呈递奏章，请求北伐，并于当天采取行动，率大军四五万人顺长江而下，驻屯武昌（湖北省鄂州市），中央震动恐惧。殷浩打算辞职，避免跟桓温公开冲突。又打算用“驺虞幡”（参考二九一年六月）阻止桓温前进。国务院文官部长（吏部尚书）王彪之对会稽王司马昱说：“这都是只为自己打算，不为国家打算，不为殿下打算的计谋。如果殷浩辞职，人心动摇，大局一定瓦解。只剩下天子孤单单坐在金銮宝殿之上，到那个时候，必须有人承当重担，不是你是谁？”又对殷浩说：“桓温如果上疏指控罪人，你就是第一个。阁下身负政府重任，猜忌已经形成，就是想当一个平民，岂能保住活命？应该用宁静的心情，等待事情的发展。先请'相王'（当宰相的亲王司马显）亲笔写一封信给桓温，开诚布公，向他分析成败的契机，他一定会班师而回。如果不能阻止，我们再请皇上（司马聃）颁下诏书。如果仍不能阻止，到时候再用大义制裁。为什么无缘无故先手忙脚乱，自己发疯？”殷浩说：“对一件大事决定因应之道，自是困难。近日来使人深感烦闷，听到你的设计，心胸才觉开朗。”王彪之，是王彬的儿子（王彬，参考三二二年二月）。 抚军大将军府军政官（抚军司马）高崧（司马昱是抚军大将军）向司马昱建议：“大王应该写信给桓温，分析出兵的利弊，他自当折回。如果他拒绝，我们再发动讨伐，谁是王师？谁是叛逆？立刻显明。”就当面代司马昱起稿说：“贼寇（后赵帝国）的灾难应该平定，时机的来临应该掌握，这实在是治理国家的远程谋略和安定天下的伟大计划，能够完成这项任务的，除了你，还能有谁？但是，兴师动众，必须粮秣辎重充足，作为基础。而粮秣辎重运输艰苦，连古人都感到困难，不可以一开始就轻忽它们，不加以深思熟虑。我过去所以一直迟疑不决，原因正是在此。然而，一种突发性的非常举动，一定使大家惊骇恐惧、议论纷纷，想阁下也听到不少。人们为了不愿失去既得利益，往往什么事都做得出来。可能有些人利用情势制造骚扰，虽然只是暂时，会立刻溃散。可是，政府的声望和实力都将受到伤害，国家大事也将跟随而去。这都是因为我个人愚昧不明而又性情懦弱所致，恩德和信誉还不能受到信任，也不能使民心镇静、国家平安。所以，对内深感惭愧，对外辜负良友。我跟阁下，职务上虽然有中央与地方之别，但安定皇家、保卫帝国，目标却是一致。天下安危，只在能不能开诚布公，我们应该先计划安定国内，然后再向外发展，促使皇家基业日益兴盛，伟大正义更将弘扬天下。我对阁下的盼望，就是这一点点诚挚的心意，岂可以因为恐怕引起你的猜疑而不向你尽言！”桓温即上疏惶恐道歉，回军基地（江陵·湖北省江陵县）。 Bo Yang said: 司马昱这封信，是政治杰作，婉转陈词，力量等于百万大军，可以作为模范文选。当然，桓温的本意也就是吓殷浩一跳，而他已达到目的。 由桓温这次兴兵，说明晋帝国前途茫茫，连被称为一代枭雄的桓温，都有严重的无力感。三四九年，后赵帝国正在土崩瓦解，那时候如果北伐，成功的可能性要超过以后的任何时机，晋政府却派出瘟生禇裒，招来惨败。为什么不派桓温？只不过怕他野心勃勃，一但收复中原，统一全国，势将立刻失控！ 我们不敢保证桓温在光复山河后不夺取政权。同样也不敢保证禇裒在光复山河后，也不夺取政权。禇裒没有光复中原的能力，所以驯顺；一旦他有光复中原的能力，恐怕谁都挡不住他坐上宝座，这是封建专制社会根本无法解开的一个结。因之晋帝国掌握中央政府权柄的人，拼命阻挠桓温北伐，而北伐却是全国上下每天义愤填膺、嚷嚷呐喊的。实在是一种伟大的讽刺。 21、晋帝司马聃将举行南北郊祭祀天神地神大典。会稽王司马昱询问王彪之说：“郊祭应不应大赦？”王彪之说：“自从中兴以来，郊祭几乎每一次都有大赦，我愚昧的认为非常不恰当。凶恶顽劣的人，认为郊祭之后定会有赦，一定心存侥幸，抢先下手杀人！”司马昱采纳他的意见。 22、前燕王慕容儁前往故都龙城。 23、丁零部落（时驻中山郡西部山区一带）酋长翟鼠率领他的部众投降前燕王国。前燕政府封翟鼠为归义王。 1. In spring, on the first day of the first lunar month, there is a solar eclipse. 2、前秦帝国（首都长安）