Chapter 5 The 1930s (230-239)

Zhuge Liang left Qishan for the second time and died of illness in Wuzhangyuan.Soochow beheaded the cruel official Lu Yi. Roman Emperor Alexander defeated Persia and was assassinated shortly thereafter (235).Maximinus succeeded to the throne, tyrannical and brutal. 1. In spring, Sun Quan (the first great emperor) of the Eastern Wu Empire (capital Jianye) ordered Generals Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to lead an armed force of 10,000 people to go deep into the eastern sea in search of the legendary Yizhou. , Danzhou (about where Yizhou and Danzhou are today, there are at most textual researches, and what is more convincing at present is that Yizhou refers to Ryukyu, and Danzhou refers to Japan), intending to capture the people of the two places and increase national power.The top general Lu Xun and the capital garrison commander (General Wei) Quan Cong all dissuaded them, saying: "When King Huan (Sun Ce) first established the foundation, the army was less than 500 people, and the existing troops in Jiangdong (the Taihu Lake Basin in southern Jiangsu Province) The people are enough to use, and they should not go far into the remote world; thousands of miles away, attacking others, the wind and waves are unpredictable. Moreover, once the people change the environment, they will inevitably suffer from diseases due to the inaccuracy of the water and soil. Originally intending to increase national strength, it will be more Injury to the national strength; originally seeking profit, but loss. In addition, the people in those places are like birds and beasts. Having them will not help the cause; without them, our number will not be reduced." Sun Quan refused to accept.

2. The Executive Officer (Shang Shu) of the Government Affairs Department of the Cao Wei Empire (the capital Luoyang), Zhuge Dan from Langye County (Linyi City, Shandong Province), and the legislator (Zhong Shulang) Deng Yang from Nanyang County (Nanyang City, Henan Province) were combined. A small circle scratching each other, you praise me, I praise you.It is claimed that: Sanqi attendant (Sanqi regular attendant) Xia Houxuan and four others are "Four Congs"; Zhuge Dan and other eight are "Bada"; Xia Houxuan is the son of Xia Houshang.Liu Xi, son of Liu Fang, Chief Legislator (Zhongshujian), Sun Mi, son of Sun Zi, Director of Legislative Affairs (Zhongshu Ling), Wei Lie, son of Wei Zhen, chief of civil affairs department (Shangshu of the Ministry of Officials), and three others. They are not eligible to enter the circle, but because their fathers are all powerful figures in power, they are especially tolerant, so they are called "Sanyu".

The acting prime minister (doing Situ affairs) Dong Zhao wrote to the emperor (the second Ming emperor) Cao Rui (27 years old this year), saying: "Every king who owns the world does not respect the simple and faithful people, but hates hypocrisy. Because they destroy education, disturb public order, and corrupt public morals. Recently, Wei satirizes Fu Zhu (refer to September 219), and Cao Wei was executed in the 1920s (Refer to August 221). The imperial edicts promulgated by His Majesty all deeply reprimanded the vanity and falsehood, intending to eliminate the evil forces that make people gnash their teeth. However, the officials who enforce the law are afraid of the evil forces and dare not correct them. The customary behavior became more and more serious.

"I secretly observed that modern young people no longer regard learning as their foundation, but they specialize in making friends with party members and never get tired of it; senior intellectuals no longer pursue the noble realm of filial piety, brotherhood and integrity, but follow others, just to grab a little fame and small profits, and form parties, you Compliment me to be number one in the world, and I sigh that you are underappreciated. Treat slander as punishment, and praise as reward. To those who belong to themselves, the words of praise are like a torrential rain; Encouragement said: "What year is it now? Why worry! I'm afraid you don't have enough relationships and friends! Don't worry that people don't know you. As long as you are included in the small circle, it's like taking a magic bullet. People talk to you will be finely tuned.'

"I also heard that someone taught his domestic slaves or guests to pretend to be servants of high-ranking officials, go in and out of the palace, exchange letters, and inquire about secrets. Things like this are strictly prohibited by law, and punishment is unforgivable; Even if it was Wei Xi and Cao Wei's crimes, they would not be more serious than them." Cao Rui agreed with Dong Zhao. On February 4th, Cao Rui issued an edict: "The simplicity and splendor of the social atmosphere have changed with the education and culture. Since the war, the research work on the Confucian classics has been completely abandoned. The interests and enterprising methods of young people are no longer bound by the classics. Is it not that the teaching is inappropriate? When appointing officials, he never considers his character! Now a strict investigation starts from the assistant of the government affairs department (Lang Li), who can know a kind of Confucian classics in knowledge, and can serve as the head of the local government. Those who take the exams conducted by the professors (doctors) of the National University, and those who are excellent in the exams, will be hired; others who are flashy and do not follow the righteous path will be dismissed." So Zhuge Dan and Deng Yang were dismissed.

3. In summer, in April, Zhong Yao, the royal master (taifu) of the Cao Wei Empire, passed away. 4. On June 11, Ms. Bian, the Empress Dowager of the Cao Wei Empire, passed away. In autumn, in July, Ms. Bian was buried. 5. Cao Zhen, the supreme commander of the Cao Wei Empire (Da Sima), believed that the Shu Han Empire (the capital city of Chengdu) was constantly invading the national border, and requested to send a large army to go deep into the Baoxie Valley (Baohe Valley, southwest of Taibai County, Shaanxi Province) for a punitive crusade; If the generals attack several times at the same time, they can win a big victory.Cao Rui approved this military plan and issued an edict: Supreme Commander (General) Sima Yi went up against the Han River, attacked westward from Xicheng (Ankang City, Shaanxi Province), and joined forces with Cao Zhen in Hanzhong (Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province).The other generals advanced simultaneously from Ziwu Valley (north of Ningshan County, Shaanxi Province) and Wuwei (should be Jianwei, Xihe County, Gansu Province).Chen Qun, the Supreme Inspector General (Sikong), dissuaded him and said: "At that time, Taizu (Cao Cao) went to Yangping (west of Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province) to attack Zhang Lu (refer to July 215), and he brought beans and wheat as much as possible to increase the stock of grain. However, Zhanglu has not yet been captured, and food is insufficient. Now, we have not made thorough preparations, and the terrain of Baoxie Valley is very dangerous. It is very difficult to advance or retreat. The enemy will definitely intercept and plunder the transfer. If we prevent To stop the looting, you must send more troops to defend the dangerous points, then the combat effectiveness of the army will be weakened, so you must think carefully." Cao Rui adopted Chen Qun's suggestion.

Cao Zhen wrote another letter, requesting to attack from Ziwu Valley.Chen Qun further stated the shortcomings of military operations and the huge burden of military expenditures.Cao Rui gave Chen Qun's memorial to Cao Zhen for reference, but Cao Zhen ignored Chen Qun's memorial and immediately dispatched. 6. On August 5th, Cao Wei Emperor Cao Rui inspected eastward. Arrived in Xuchang (east of Xuchang City, Henan Province) on August 19. 7. Zhuge Liang (50 years old this year), the prime minister of the Shu Han Empire, received news of the invasion of the Cao Wei Corps, gathered the army in Chenggu (Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) and Akasaka (Yang County, Shaanxi Province), and waited for it (Cao Wei Corps went up against the Han River) Follow Ziwu Valley to the south, and must join forces in Chenggu), and call Li Yan to lead 20,000 people to Hanzhong (Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province) for reinforcements; recommend Li Yan to Shu Han Emperor (second) Liu Chan (24 years old this year) His son, Li Feng, was the commander of Jiangzhou (Chongqing City, the county where Berkshire County Government is located) and handled logistics supplies (Li Yan was originally the governor of Jiangzhou, and he led the army to the north, so he ordered his son to take over).

At this time, the heavy rain continued for more than 30 days in a row, and the plank road was completely cut off. Hua Xin, the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces of the Cao Wei Empire (Taiwei), wrote a letter saying: "Your Majesty's sacred character, I will compare it with Ji Chan (Zhou Dynasty 2 Ren Wang) and Ji Zhao (three kings of the Zhou Dynasty), hope to focus on governing the country as the first priority, and then consider fighting. The country is built on the foundation of the people, and the people must be warm and well-fed. If If China (Cao Wei) will not suffer from hunger and cold, and the people will not have a free spirit, then the two bandit groups (Eastern Wu and Shu Han) will be smashed immediately." Cao Rui replied: "The bandit group relies on the danger of mountains and rivers, and my My father (Cao Pi) and grandfather (Cao Cao) have worked hard to conquer, but they still can’t be flattened. How dare I be pretentious, I can definitely eliminate them? It’s just that the generals think that if you don’t try it out, the enemy can’t fall on their own, so show your strength and see See if there is an opportunity to take advantage of. If the time has not yet come, Ji Fadu once led the army halfway (in the 1270s, the chieftain of the Zhou tribe, Ji Fa, planned to attack the last emperor of the Shang Dynasty, Shou Xin, and held a meeting in Mengjin At the alliance meeting, there were 800 feudal monarchs who participated, and they all thought that military action could be taken. Ji Fa said: "The time is not yet ripe, and the destiny is not the time." Then retreat). This is the mirror of history, and I will never forget it What should be done."

Yang Fu, the Minister of Palace Supply (Shaofu), wrote a letter saying: "Once upon a time, when Ji Fa (the first king of the Zhou Dynasty) crossed the Yellow River and north to defeat his son Shou Xin (Zhou), a white carp jumped into Ji Fa's imperial boat. Their faces all turned pale. It was an auspicious omen, but they were still worried and fearful; what's more, in the face of real changes in the celestial phenomena, how could they not tremble? Now? Soochow and Shuhan have not yet settled down, but heaven has repeatedly shown miracles , as soon as the armies set off, there was heavy rain and they were isolated in poor mountains and rivers. For many days, they had to transport food and fodder, shoulders and shoulders, heavy labor, and the cost increased day by day; once the relief was interrupted, it would completely go against the original plan. : "Attack when it is beneficial, and retreat when there is difficulty. This is the greatest military wisdom." ("Zuo Zhuan" (597 years ago)) trapped the army in the valley out of thin air, and there was nothing to advance, and nothing to retreat. Determination is not like the teacher of the king."

Wang Su, an attendant of Sanqi (a regular attendant of Sanqi), also wrote a letter saying: "There is a saying in the ancients: 'If grain and fodder are transported thousands of miles away, the soldiers must be hungry; waiting for the firewood to cook, they will not be full when they go to sleep.' It is still the result of military operations on the plain; what's more, it is a hundred times more difficult to go deep into dangerous places and open up mountains. Now, with the continuous rain, the mountain roads are rugged, steep and slippery, and the troops are trapped together. Because the road is too far away, food and fodder cannot be supplied. This is the biggest taboo in military operations. I heard that it has been half a month since Cao Zhen was dispatched, and the Meridian Valley was only halfway through. Waiting comfortably for our tired troops is the most dangerous danger that military operations will encounter. Speaking of the previous generation, Ji Fa (the first king of the Zhou Dynasty) crusaded Zi Shouxin (the last emperor of the Shang Dynasty), and the army has sent a letter Guguan (Xin'an County, Henan Province) still turns back halfway; speaking of modern times, Emperor Wu and Emperor Wen conquered Sun Quan in the south, and although they reached the Yangtze River, they did not force them to cross (refer to October 225). , know how to work around it? The people of the whole country believe that His Majesty will let them rest because of the heavy rain; wait until they attack again in the future, and then make them serve. The people are willing to take risks and make troubles, so they will go all out regardless of death." Wang Su is Wang Lang's Son (Wang Lang, refer to November 208).

In September, Cao Rui issued an edict to Cao Zhen, ordering the army to retreat. 8. In winter, on October 11th, Cao Wei Emperor Cao Rui returned to the capital Luoyang.At that time, Xu Xuan, the left executive director of the Government Affairs Administration (Zuo Pushe), stayed in the capital (the Cao Wei Empire Government Affairs Administration, with one director, one left and one executive, the director of the Civil Affairs Department, the Civil Affairs Department, the Foreign Affairs Department, and the Military Department. Secretary-General, Financial Secretary, including five director-generals, collectively referred to as "eight seats").After Cao Rui returned to Beijing, the heads of various units presented the official documents that Xu Xuan had instructed to Cao Rui for review. Cao Rui said, "I decided to be different from Xu Xuan's decision!" and no longer reviewed it. 9. In December, Cao Wei Emperor Cao Rui reburied his mother Zhen Luo in Chaoyang Mausoleum in Yecheng (Southwest Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei Province) (due to the low terrain of the original burial site). 10. Emperor Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu Empire threatened to attack Hefei of the Cao Wei Empire (Hefei City, Anhui Province, the county where the Yangzhou State Government is located).General Man Chong of Cao Wei Zhengdong, please recruit the armies of Yanzhou (western Shandong Province) and Yuzhou (Henan Province) to assemble in Hefei.But the Soochow Corps returned soon, and Cao Wei Emperor Cao Rui issued an edict to demobilize.Man Chong thought: "Since the Eastern Wu Corps was dispatched on a large scale, it suddenly retreated without attacking. There must be a trick. It must wait for our army to leave and then take advantage of the opportunity to enter." He wrote to request not to demobilize temporarily.More than ten days later, the Eastern Wu Corps really came back to attack Hefei. 11. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu Han Empire, appointed Jiang Wan as the secretary-general of the prime minister's office (Chang Shi).Zhuge Liang went out to fight several times, and Jiang Wan planned and dispatched in the rear, so that the supply of food and soldiers was very sufficient.Zhuge Liang often said: "Jiang Wan is loyal and magnanimous, and he will help the emperor's great cause with me." 12. Yinfan (yin, surname) from Qingzhou (northern Shandong Province) of the Cao Wei Empire fled to the Eastern Wu Empire and wrote to Emperor Sun Quan, saying: "I once heard that Zi Shouxin (Zhou) was tyrannical and immoral, and his old Brother Ziqi fled from the country first; Liu Bang was generous and wise, and Chen Ping first went to seek refuge (refer to March 205). I am 22 years old this year, abandoning my homeland and returning to Youdao Shengjun. I saved my life and arrived. I have been here for many days, and the heads of the relevant units just regarded me as an ordinary righteous man, and did not examine and identify me again. As a result, my specific opinions and precise plans cannot be presented to Your Majesty. I sighed repeatedly, confused. I would like to submit a memorial to the palace gate and request to be summoned." Sun Quan immediately summoned him, Yinfan thanked him, answered questions and analyzed the current situation, with a calm demeanor and insightful insights.Hu Zong, a senior consultant (servant) and director of the right-wing forbidden army (right leader), was present. Sun Quan asked Hu Zong what was his impression of Yinfan?Hu Zong replied: "The tone of Yinfan's letter is similar to Dongfang Shuo; his quick response and eloquence are similar to Mi Heng, but his talent is not as good as them." Sun Quan asked again: "What kind of official position can he hold?" Hu Zong replied: You can't teach him to manage the people, you might as well teach him to be a small clerk near the capital. "Sun Quan believed that many of Yinbo's speeches talked about prisons, so he appointed him as the prison administrator (Tingweijian) of the Ministry of Justice. Zhu Ju, General Zuo, and Hao Pu, Minister of Justice (Tingwei), kept recommending to Sun Quan that Yinfan had the ability to assist the emperor.Hao Pu was especially close to Yinfan, and often complained that Yinfan's official position was too low.So horses and horses gathered in front of Yinfan's gate, and the wagging system occupied the living room. From the commander of the capital's garrison (General Wei) Quan Cong down, they all fell in love with each other; Yang Di, a native of Zhangjun (Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province), refused to associate with Yinfan.Pan Zhu (sound zhu), the son of Pan Jun, the Minister of Sacrifice (Taichang), was also with Yinfan and gave gifts to Yinfan.When his father Pan Jun heard the news (Pan Jun stayed in Wuchang with his prince Sun Deng at this time), he was very angry and wrote a letter to reprimand Pan Zhu, saying: "I am favored by the country, and I aim to repay it with my life. You are in the capital. (Jianye), you should be humble, get close to the virtuous, and learn good deeds. Why do you associate with a traitorous rebel and give him gifts? I am far away, and when I hear this news, my heart is shocked and my face is hot. For more than ten days Come, sad and melancholy. After the letter arrives, go to the messenger immediately, accept the punishment of a hundred sticks, and ask for the gift you sent back.” At that time, people thought that Pan Jun’s reaction was weird and unbelievable. Soon, Yinbo planned to launch a coup in the Soochow Empire, but the news leaked; Yinbo fled, was arrested and beheaded halfway.Sun Quan severely reprimanded Hao Pu, who panicked and committed suicide.Zhu Ju deprived himself of the right to meet the emperor in court; the ban was not lifted until much later. 13. Wuxi barbarians in Wuling County (Changde City, Hunan Province) of the Eastern Wu Empire rebelled. Sun Quan believed that the southern territory (Jiaozhou) had been stabilized, so he recruited Lu Dai, the governor of Jiaozhou (the state government was set up in Panyu), and returned to station Changsha County (Changsha City, Hunan Province) ) Retting mouth (unknown today). 1. In spring and February, the Soochow Empire (capital Jianye) ordered Pan Jun, Minister of Sacrifice (Taichang), to lead an army of 50,000 troops with Lu Dai to attack Wuling County (Changde City, Hunan Province). Creek man. Zhuge Liang (51 years old this year), the Prime Minister of the Shu Han Empire (Chengdu), newly appointed Secretary-General of the Prime Minister's Mansion (Chang Shi) Jiang Wan, is Pan Jun's uncle (son of his mother's sister); Wei Jing, the prefect of Wuling County , He submitted a letter to report that Pan Jun had sent a secret envoy to contact Jiang Wan, implying that he would entrust himself to him.Sun Quan (fifty years old) said: "Pan Jun would not do such a thing." He handed over Wei Jing's memorial to Pan Jun, recruited Wei Jing to return to the capital Jianye, and was dismissed. 2. The nautical troops of the Eastern Wu Empire were led by Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi, and they went deep into the eastern sea for more than a year. Eight or nine out of ten soldiers died due to illness or plague (10,000 people set out last year, and 80,000 or 9,000 people have died. It is truly deplorable that an average of twenty-five bodies are thrown into the sea every day.However, Danzhou (Japan) was so far away that they could not be found at all. They only reached Yizhou (Ryukyu Islands) and plundered thousands of people before returning.Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi were accused of futility and executed. 3. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu Han Empire, ordered Li Yan to preside over the Liushou Mansion in Hanzhong County (Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province) as the Central Military Director (Zhongduhu).Li Yan changed his name to Li Ping (there must be a reason for the name change, but unfortunately there is no explanation).Zhuge Liang led all the armies to launch the fourth large-scale attack on the Cao Wei Empire (the capital Luoyang), surrounded Qishan (northeast of Lixian County, Gansu Province; the guards were Jia Xu and Wei Ping at the time), and made "wooden oxen" to transport grain and fodder (Only "wooden ox" is mentioned, and "flowing horse" will be mentioned later. What exactly is a wooden ox and a flowing horse? So far there is no satisfactory answer. "Zhuge Liang Ji" contains: "The wooden ox has a square belly and a curved head, with one foot and four feet. Feet, head into the collar, tongue on the belly..." It is even more confusing. "The Source of Things" believes: "A wooden ox is a small cart with a front shaft, and a flowing horse is a wheelbarrow pushed by one person." However, the mountain road is not only suddenly The road is high and low, and the road is full of gravel. A small cart pulled by animal power may be able to walk, but a wheelbarrow driven by human power may not be able to move an inch. In the early Western Han Dynasty, ox carts were already popular. How did it take three hundred years for small carts to appear? No. It’s normal. However, the historical records of wooden cows and horses are conclusive, we have to wait for experts to verify).At this time, Cao Zhen, the supreme commander of the Cao Wei Empire (big Sima), fell ill, and Cao Wei Emperor (the second Ming emperor) Cao Rui (28 years old this year) ordered the supreme commander (general) Sima Yi to go west to take over and stationed in Chang'an (Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) city), and urged the chariot general Zhang He, the later general Fei Yao, the military director of the conquest of Shu (conquering the Shu army) Dai Ling, and the governor (inspector) Guo Huai of Yongzhou (central Shaanxi Province and southern Gansu Province) to intercept them. In March, Cao Zhen passed away. 4. Since October of last year (230) to March of this year, there has been no rain in the Cao Wei Empire. 5. Sima Yi, the supreme commander (general) of the Cao Wei Empire, ordered Fei Yao and Dai Ling to lead 4,000 elite troops to garrison Shangyu (Tianshui City, Gansu Province); all other troops were dispatched to the west to rescue Qishan.Zhang He planned to allocate some troops to garrison Yong County (Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province) and Mei County (Mei County, Shaanxi Province); Sima Yi said: "If the front troops can block the enemy alone, your proposition is correct; The strength, however, divides the army into front and back, and the troops are scattered. The reason why the three armies of Chu were defeated by Yingbo is because of this (Yingbo rebelled, and Chu sent troops to intercept them, and divided them into three armies. When one army was defeated, the other two armies could support it. As a result, Yingbo defeated one army, and the other two armies disintegrated. Refer to 196 BC)." Then the whole army advanced.Zhuge Liang left a part of the army to continue to besiege Qishan, and went to Shangyu himself.Guo Huai, Fei Yao and others faced off, Zhuge Liang defeated the second army, took advantage of the situation to harvest wheat in the field, and met Sima Yi in the east of Shanggui.Sima Yi narrowed his defensive area, camped on dangerous points, and refused to fight, so Zhuge Liang retreated. Sima Yi followed the Shu Han army and arrived in Lucheng (located in the northwest of Tianshui City, Gansu Province).Chariot General Zhang He said: "The enemy came to attack from afar and demanded a decisive battle. They could not achieve their goals. They believed that our best interests were not to accept the challenge, and would use long-term plans to trap us to death. Moreover, the guard of Qishan knew that the reinforcements were approaching, and his heart was free. It will be stable. We might as well temporarily garrison the army and send out surprise troops to go around behind the enemy. It shouldn’t be like this, only daring to follow, not daring to approach, which will make us lose our prestige. Zhuge Liang’s army is alone, and food is scarce. It's far away." Sima Yi refused to accept it, and continued to follow, and when he got close, he ordered to climb the mountain and build a camp, and never make contact.Generals Jia Xu and Wei Ping kept asking for an attack, and said angrily: "You are afraid of the Shu Han like you are afraid of a tiger. Why don't you teach the world to laugh at you?" Sima Yi was very anxious about the generals' insistence on attacking. In summer, on May 10th, Sima Yi ordered Zhang He to send a surprise army to attack the southern encirclement of Wang Ping (He Ping), the guard director of the Shu Han Army Command (Wu Dangjian) (siege of the southern camp of the Qishan army), and Sima Yi's army confronted Zhuge Liang head-on. as a pinch.Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, and Wu Ban to fight.Cao Wei's army was defeated, 3,000 soldiers died, and Sima Yi retreated to his position. In June, Zhuge Liang ran out of supplies and retreated. Sima Yi ordered Zhang He to pursue him and arrived at Mumen (northeast of Li County, Gansu Province). Zhang He was seriously injured and died. 6. In autumn, on July 15th, Cao Yin, the prince of the Cao Wei Empire, was born, amnesty. 7. Since the founding of the Cao Wei Empire in the 1920s, the laws and regulations prohibiting the princes have been very strict, and even in-laws dare not communicate with each other.Cao Zhi, king of Dong'a, wrote to his nephew Emperor Cao Rui: "Yiqi Fangxun (the sixth emperor of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty) educated the world, starting with relatives, and then extending to people who are far away from the relationship, extending from the nearest to the farthest. Ji Chang (the father of Jifa, the first king of the Zhou Dynasty) did it first Set an example for his wife, and then set an example for his brothers, and then use it to govern the country. Your Majesty has the outstanding character of Yiqi Fangxun, and the benevolent heart of Jichang, who is cautious and respectful. Queens and concubines are in harmony All the relatives of the nine ethnic groups are favored; all the civil and military officials strive to serve first. In the government, official duties are not abolished; "As for me, the relationship between people has long been severed. In the age of the Holy Ming, I was treated as a prisoner. I am secretly deeply saddened. I never dare to extravagantly hope to make friends, tell each other, and reunite. However, even Relatives who are married are not allowed to greet each other, and brotherhood and brotherhood are cut off. News of funerals and funerals is not available, and the etiquette of congratulations and condolences is completely abolished. The kindness is gradually alienated due to isolation, just like pedestrians on the road. Between them, they are indifferent. Although they are a family, the relationship between them is cold, just like the Hu people in the north and the Yue people in the south. "Everything is forbidden to me now, and I will never have the hope of going to the capital to meet His Majesty. My heart is inclined towards the royal family, and my love for the court is only known by the gods. How dare I go against the will of God? But thinking of the princes and brothers, don't you also I often miss "Qi Qi Guer"! ("Book of Songs·Xingwei": "Brother Qi Qi, Mo Yuanjuer." Means: "Friendly brothers, don't let them stay away.") I hope your majesty will fall like heaven Like Ganlin, an imperial edict was issued to enable the countries to communicate with each other. Gifts can be exchanged during the four seasons festivals. One more chance to reunite with his family, so that the prince can also enjoy the treatment of other royal relatives and civil and military officials. If so, the praise and praise of the ancients (such as "Qiqijuer") will be in today's holy world reproduce. "I asked myself tremblingly: weak ability is not as good as a knife and an awl. However, seeing the officials promoted by His Majesty, if they don't regard me as a member of the royal family and measure me secretly, they are not inferior to them. If I can be allowed to unload Traveling far away crown (prince hat), wearing a military officer hat, abandoning the red ribbon (the seal ribbons of princes and dukes are all red), and wearing a blue ribbon (commanders, cavalry attendants, etc., all wear military crowns and wear blue ribbons) Ribbon seal), or teach me to be the director of the imperial horse (son-in-law), the director of the imperial chariot (fengche) and other official positions, in the house of the capital, holding a whip in hand, and inserting a pen on the side of the hat (ancient historians entered the court, inserting the pen next to the hat , so as to record at any time), wait until the emperor travels, follow around; the emperor returns to the palace, and waits in front of the palace. Fortunately, the Holy Majesty asks, and answers at any time. Serve the emperor, and make timely additions to the things that the emperor occasionally forgets. This is my sincerity My greatest wish, I can't even forget my dreams. "I envy the feasts of monarchs and ministers described in "The Book of Songs·Deer Ming", and I often chant the warning of "Brothers are not outsiders" in "Tangdi" ("Lu Ming": "Yo Yo Lu Ming, eating wild duckweed there. I have Lovely friend, knock on the zither and blow the sheng.” “Yo Yo Luming, I’m eating wild Artemisia over there. I have lovely friends with high moral character.” “Yo Yo Luming, I’m eating wild celery over there. I have lovely friends, Drums and zithers." "Tang Di": "The begonias are blooming, and the branches and leaves are beautiful. No matter how good the world is, they are not as good as brothers." "Whether dead or bereaved, brothers will kiss each other. Corpses in the wilderness, only brothers will come to find them." "Tang Di "There are five poems in total, and there is no "Brothers are not outsiders". But there is this sentence in the chapter "頍引": "Looking up and wearing a fur hat, why are you so in love with each other. Your food is fragrant, and your wine is pure. There is no Nothing special, just because the brothers are not outsiders.”). Thinking about the significance of seeking friends in "Longe" again, I finally feel the sadness of "Liao E" parents' kindness that cannot be repaid ("Lowwood": "The sound of cutting wood is tinkling, and the birds are singing The sound of humming. Flying out of the silent deep valley, flying to the top of the huge tree. The sound of humming is endless, always looking for friendship. Let alone a person, how can one live without friends." "Liaoe": "Strong The lush wormwood is no longer a lowly grass. Poor parents, you have worked hard to give birth to me.” There are six poems in total, all of which are in memory of parents). All the year round, every festival, lonely and lonely, there are only servants on the left and right, only wives and children in front of me , There is no one to talk to, and opinions cannot be stated. Hearing the music, he touches his chest and feels pain; he raises his glass and sighs long. "I know that the loyalty of dogs and horses cannot move their masters; just like the sincerity of human beings cannot move heaven. Qiliang's wife cried bitterly at the city because her husband died in battle, and the city wall collapsed ("Zuo Zhuan" 550 BC) Qiliang died. It was interpreted as crying down the city wall. Later generations planted the blame on Emperor Yingzheng, turning Qiliang's wife into Meng Jiangnv). Zou Yan was loyal to the king (Ji Lezi, the fifth king of the Yan Kingdom), the king put him in prison, and Zou Yan looked up to the sky Wailing, it was summer, but frost and snow fell. I have always believed in these things, but compared with my heart, those are nothing but lies. The sunflower faces the sun, although it cannot be illuminated, but the heart , It will not change until death. I secretly compare myself with sunflowers. As for whether I can bestow blessings like heaven and earth, and light like sun, moon and stars, it is up to Your Majesty. "Wen Zi" said: "Don't be the first to enjoy blessings, and don't be the first to cause trouble." Brothers are very worried about whether the love can be conveyed. I am the first to speak alone, because I don’t want someone to be deprived of the emperor’s grace in the holy world. I hope that your majesty’s holy light will shine on the world and make the grace more obvious. .” His nephew Emperor Cao Rui replied with an imperial edict, saying: "The promotion of enlightenment sometimes prospers and sometimes declines. The decree only requires the brothers in each feudal state to minimize favoritism and entertainment; the families of concubines and concubines should minimize clothing and cosmetics; there is no order prohibiting the feudal states from visiting and greeting. I think some officials may be condemned and overcorrected, which led to the formation of what you are Regarding the situation you mentioned, I have ordered the relevant units to handle it according to your opinion." Cao Zhi wrote again and said: "In the past, when Liu Heng (the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) set off from Daiguo (the capital Jinyang), Song Chang suspected that the capital might change. Royal blood relatives; outside the capital Chang'an, there are King Liu Xiang of Qi, King Liu Jiao of Chu, King Liu Chang of Huainan, and King Liu Ze of Langya. They are all rock-like royal families. Please don't doubt it.' (Refer to September 180 BC) Your Majesty Think twice, in ancient times, Ji Chang (the father of Jifa, the first king of the Zhou Dynasty) relied on his two younger brothers, Ji Guozhong and Uncle Ji Guo, to complete his royal career. Ji Song (the second king of the Zhou Dynasty) relied on his two uncles, Ji Shi (Zhao Gong ), Ji Dan (Duke of Zhou), made the world peaceful. In modern times, there is an analogy of Song Chang's "Panshi". I once heard that a sheep covered with tiger skin is happy when it sees grass, trembles when it sees jackals, and forgets its body. Tiger skin. If the appointed generals are not good enough, the result will be like this. Therefore, as the saying goes: "The biggest worry is: the person who does things does not understand what he is doing; the person who knows how to do things, but cannot do it." "In the past, Ji Xian (Guan Guoguo) and Ji Du (Cai Guoguo) were exiled or executed, and Ji Dan (Zhou Gong) and Ji Shi (Zhao Gong) served as assistants in the government. Sheep tongue fish (sound fu) was killed Assassinated, the sheep tongue gill (sound xi) remained loyal to the country ("Zuo Zhuan" (528 years ago): Jin Guo Xinghou and Yongzi had a conflict over the land property, the state official Han Qi ordered the sheep tongue gill At the trial, Yongzi was found guilty. Yongzi offered his daughter to the scorpion, and the scorpion made a 180-degree turn, and found Xinghou guilty. Xinghou was so angry that he killed the scorpion in the palace. Talking to Yongzi. Han Qi asked the opinion of the elder brother Yang Tongue, who believed that all three were guilty and did not favor his younger brother.) The Zhou Dynasty's "Three Supervisors Rebellion" (Three Supervisors: the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty , established three feudal states in the east: Guan State, Cai State, and Huo State, and supervised the Yin State composed of the remnants of the Shang Dynasty, which was called the "Three Supervisors". I actually cooperated with the state of Yin and raised troops to attack Ji Dan who was in power in the central government. After three years of hard fighting, I was defeated by Ji Dan with powerful force), I will take this as a warning. But Ji Dan (Zhou Gong) and Ji Shi (Zhao Gong) assisted, There is no need to look far, there must be such talents among the royal clan and the monarch of the state. "The person who attracts the attention of the world must be the one who holds the authority. Therefore, the strategy can change the position of the master, and the prestige can force the people below to obey. In the government, it does not have to be a royal relative. As long as he has authority, he will be ordered again. Far away, it is still very important. Power is not in your hands, no matter how close you are, it has no weight. Those who seized the power of Qi State were surnamed Tian, ​​not Jiang (refer to 379 BC); , not surnamed Ji (refer to 403 years ago). Please be aware of your majesty: when it is beneficial, hold on to the official position, and when it is dangerous, run away as soon as possible. They are all subjects of different surnames (non-royal family); Ping An, the family is rich and honored, those who share the blessings and share the misfortunes are all descendants of the royal family. Now, on the contrary, the royal family is estranged, and different surnames are close, which makes me very confused. Now, I am walking on thin ice with your majesty, walking through the charcoal fire, climbing Mountain peaks, crossing streams, cold and humid, warm and hot, no matter what the situation is, we share joys and sorrows, how can we leave His Majesty? "I am extremely sad, resentful and bitter in my heart. I wrote a letter to express my feelings. If there is something unsacred, please don't destroy it, but hand it over to the Royal Archives for safekeeping. After my death, it may arouse His Majesty's thoughts. If there is a little bit that makes His Majesty feel If it can be considered, please publicly announce it in the Golden Luan Palace, and a well-learned person who knows the past and present will correct the unreasonable parts of my memorial. If this can be done, my wish has been fulfilled." After Cao Rui read it, he responded with a touching edict. In August, Cao Rui issued an edict saying: "The late emperor (Cao Pi) once issued an edict that the princes were not allowed to stay in the capital (Luoyang), just because the young master was in power at that time, and the empress dowager presided over the state affairs, in order to guard against the passing of time and care about the country. The ups and downs of the princes. I have been unable to see the princes for twelve years (220 to the present). I have long-term feelings, can I not miss them? Now I order that all the princes and the dukes and marquises of the royal family each send one of their own sons to be born next year ( In the first month of 232, I came to the capital to attend the New Year’s Day court meeting. However, if the young master comes to the court and the mother is in the palace again, it should still be handled according to the regulations of the late emperor.” 8. When Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu Han Empire, attacked Qishan, Li Yan (Li Ping) presided over the Liushou Mansion of Hanzhong County, responsible for rear services, and supervised the transportation of grain and fodder.It just happened to be raining continuously and the roads were blocked. Li Yan was afraid that the supply would not continue, so he sent a military councilor (joining the army) Hu Zhong (hu, surname. Hu Zhong is Ma Zhong, who grew up in his uncle's family since he was a child. His mother's surname was Hu, and his name was Du. Later, his father's surname was restored and his name was changed to Ma Zhong. The commander (supervisor) became a vassal, claiming that he was instructed by the emperor (second term) Liu Chan (25 years old this year) to order Zhuge Liang to be his teacher.However, when Zhuge Liang was in charge, Li Yan pretended to be surprised and said, "There is so much food and fodder, why did you return to the army?" .At the same time, he wrote to Liu Chan, saying: "The army pretended to retreat, intending to lure the enemy to go deep." Zhuge Liang collected letters and memorials written by Li Yan before and after, and found serious contradictions.Li Yan was questioned, but Li Yan couldn't explain, and bowed his head to admit his mistake.Therefore, Zhuge Liang wrote to impeach Li Yan for all kinds of crimes before and after.Emperor Liu Chan issued an edict: Li Yan was dismissed from office, revoked the feudal title, and placed under house arrest in Zitong County (Zitong County, Sichuan Province). Zhuge Liang then appointed Li Yan's son Li Feng as the royal guard commander (General Zhonglang) and military councilor (joint military), and wrote to Li Feng saying: "I and your father and son will work together to serve the royal family of the Han Dynasty. Recommend老爹当中央军事总监，主持汉中留守府（都护典汉中），而委任你镇抚东关（重庆市·东方关隘），自认为至诚相待，公私友谊，可以保持到底，竟想不到中途发生变化！如果总监（李严）能想到他的过失，不再诡辩自解；也愿你跟蒋琬，推心置腹，共同效力。则阻塞可以开通，逝去可以复还（暗示仍将起用李严）。请细思劝诫，体会我心！” 诸葛亮又写信给蒋琬、董允，说：“孝起从前曾告诉我，说：'李严腹中，诡计多端，大家都认为不可接近。'我认为只要不刺激他，诡计便没有地方使用。想不到苏秦、张仪之事重演（参考前三三三年），大出意外，这件事可告诉孝起。”孝起，皇城保安司令（卫尉）南阳郡（河南省南阳市）人陈震的别名。 9、冬季，十月，东吴帝国皇帝（一任大帝）孙权，命皇家警卫指挥官（中郎将）孙布向曹魏帝国诈降，企图引诱曹魏扬州（州政府设合肥）州长王凌。孙权在阜陵（安徽省全椒县东南）设下埋伏，等待王凌进入。孙布派人告诉王凌说：“道路太远，不能逃脱追兵，请出军迎接。”王凌把孙布的信呈报中央，请准予派军出迎。征东将军、扬州军区司令长官（扬州都督）满宠，认为其中定有阴谋，不肯拨付军队，而以王凌的名义，写一回信给孙布，说：“阁下知道什么是正，什么是邪，打算躲避灾祸，顺应天意，舍弃暴政，回归正统，非常值得嘉许。本打算派军迎接，可是，兵力太少，不足以保护你；如果出动大军，势必走漏消息，远近都会知道。请你先把这种志向，严格保密，等到时机成熟时，再作决定。” 正好满宠接到中央征召的命令，首都洛阳晋见皇帝，临走时，下令司令部秘书长（长史）：“如果王凌要迎接孙布，不可交给他军队。”王凌要不到军队，便单独行动，派出一个部队长（督将），率步骑兵七百人，南下迎接。走到埋伏阵地，孙布乘夜突击，部队长逃走，七百人死伤超过一半。王凌是王允的侄儿（王允，东汉王朝宰相，参考一九二年）。 之前，王凌上书指控满宠：“年纪老迈，又喜爱饮酒，不适合担任独当一面的大员。曹叡将召满宠回京，御前监督官（给事中）郭谋建议说：“满宠曾当过汝南郡（河南省平舆县西北射桥乡）郡长、豫州（河南省）州长，二十余年，在边疆建立功勋。等到镇守淮南（指扬州），东吴对他十分忌惮。如果情形并不像王凌指控的那样，突然召回满宠，反而暴露我们弱点。不如声称问他东方敌情，见面后再作决定。”曹叡听从。满宠既到首都洛阳，曹叡发现他体格健壮，精神饱满，遂加以慰劳，命他回任。 10、十一月三十日，日食。 11、十二月二十日，曹魏帝国全国武装部队总司令华歆逝世（年七十五岁）。 12、十二月三十日，东吴帝国大赦，改明年（二三二年）年号嘉禾。 1、春季，正月，东吴帝国（首都建业）皇帝（一任大帝）孙权（本年五十一岁）的幼子、建昌侯孙虑逝世。太子孙登从武昌（湖北省鄂州市）到首都建业，晋见老爹孙权，诉说久离老爹膝下，缺少早晚问安，没有尽到儿女孝道，又保证陆逊忠贞勤奋，西方没有任何顾虑。于是，遂留在京师（首都建业）。 2、二月，曹魏帝国（首都洛阳）把亲王们的采邑，由“郡”改称“国”。 3、曹魏帝（二任明帝）曹叡（本年二十九岁）的爱女曹淑死亡，曹叡万分悲痛，追称“平原懿公主”，在首都洛阳建立祭庙，埋葬南陵；命娘亲甄洛已亡故了的侄孙甄黄，跟爱女合葬，追封甄黄侯爵，并给他设立继承人，继承他的爵位。入土时，曹叡还要亲自把棺柩送到墓地；而又打算前往许昌（河南省许昌市东）。最高监察长（司空）陈群抗议说：“八岁以下的婴儿死亡，没有丧葬的礼仪。何况未曾满月，而竟然用成人的礼仪相待，特别给她缝制官服，文武百官又为她穿上丧衣；早晨晚上，都要到棺前哀哭，自从开天辟地，还没有听说过这种事情。而陛下更要前往墓地，亲自送葬。希望陛下停止这些毫无益处，反而会招来伤害的举动，这是天下人民一致的心愿。又听说陛下还打算驾临许昌，皇太后宫和皇后宫全体上下，一齐东行；政府大小官员，全都觉得十分怪诞，至为惊骇。有人揣测陛下要躲避宫中霉运，有人揣测可能乘势迁移新的环境，有人揣测还有其他缘故。我认为：吉祥、凶险，全是天命；灾祸、幸福，人们自己可以掌握。用搬家的方法祈求平安，不可能得到益处。如果认为一定可以得到益处，则不妨整修金墉城西宫（金墉城是一座巨宫，位于洛阳城西北角，它在不久即将来临的晋王朝“八王之乱”时代，扮演主要角色），以及孟津（河南省孟津县东黄河渡口）别宫，都可以暂时安住，为什么一定要把整个皇宫的人，暴露在旷野露天之下，公私开支，都庞大得难以计算。而且，民间的善心人士，尚且不轻易搬动，为的是保持乡瑞安宁，使乡亲们不致心情惶恐。何况陛下，身为皇帝，万王之王，一举一动，怎么可以如此轻率？”宫廷供应部长（少府）杨阜也抗议说：“文皇帝（曹丕）、武宣皇后（曹叡祖母卞太皇太后）逝世，陛下都不送葬，为的是以国家为重，防备发生事故，为什么对一个尚在怀抱中的婴儿，却非送葬不可？”曹叡不理。 三月七日，曹叡向东游逛（当然是举宫尽出）。 4、东吴帝国派将军周贺、指挥官（校尉）裴潜，乘船从东中国海，北上辽东（辽宁省），向曹魏帝国所属的辽东郡（辽宁省辽阳市）郡长公孙渊购买马匹。 最初，虞翻性情粗疏刚直，很多次在酒醉之后，犯下错误；而他又喜爱诋毁别人，所以受到很多抨击。皇帝孙权曾经跟张昭谈论到神仙，虞翻指着张昭说：“那些都是死人，却硬嘴巴说他们是神仙，世界上哪里有神仙？”孙权对虞翻的恼怒，累积很久，最后终于把他贬谪到交州（州政府设番禺）。 等到孙权派周贺等泛海前往辽东，虞翻听到消息，认为当前的急务，应是讨伐五溪蛮（前年五溪蛮背叛；去年命潘浚、吕岱讨伐），辽东位于很远的天涯地角，即令前来归附，都不必重视；反而派人前往购买马匹，既不是国家之利，又恐怕人财两空。打算上书规劝，可是又不敢上书；写好表章后，请交州州长（刺史）吕岱过目，吕岱拒绝传呈。憎恨虞翻的人立刻告密，孙权再把虞翻放逐到苍梧郡（广西梧州市）猛陵县（广西梧州市西）。 5、夏季，四月六日，曹魏帝曹叡抵达许昌。 6、五月，曹魏帝国皇子曹殷逝世。 7、秋季，七月，曹魏帝国擢升皇城保安司令（卫尉）董昭当宰相（司徒）。 8、九月，曹魏帝曹叡前往摩陂（河南省郏县东），整修许昌皇宫，兴建景福殿、承光殿。 9、曹魏帝国所属辽东郡郡长公孙渊，阴谋独立，跟东吴帝国不断交往。曹魏帝曹叡命汝南郡（河南省息县）郡长田豫，统率青州（山东省北部）各军，从海道北上；命幽州（河北省北部及辽宁省。辽东郡属幽州）州长（刺史）王雄，从陆地西进，同时进军讨伐。散骑侍从官（散骑常侍）蒋济劝阻说：“凡不是威胁到生存的敌人（相吞之国），以及既不侵略又不叛变的藩属，不应该轻易的对他们讨伐。讨伐他们而不能彻底制伏，是强迫他们跟我们对抗。所以说：'豺狼在路上挡道，不要去管狐狸。'把大害铲除之后，小害就会自行消失。而今，海边之地（指辽东），数世以来，都一直听命中央，每年都派人前来京师呈送工作报告，保荐该郡'孝廉'，进贡从来不断，官员们对辽东都特别推崇。即令一举把辽东征服，获得的人民不能使我们强大，获得的财产也不能使我们富足。可是，万一失败，反而结下仇恨，自毁信誉。”曹叡不接受。田豫等果然劳而无功，曹叡只好下令回军。 田豫认为：东吴帝国买马使节周贺等，行将南返。时已冬季，海上浪大风急，必不敢深入大海，一定沿着海岸线航行，非经过成山（山东省荣成市东北成山角）不可，而成山没有港口可以容纳巨舟，他们一定登岸；于是派出部队把守成山。周贺等归途中抵达成山，恰好遇到大风，果然登岸躲避，田豫发动攻击，斩周贺等。 东吴帝国皇帝孙权接到败报，才想起虞翻的建议，下令召回虞翻，而虞翻已死，只运回棺柩。 10、十一月二十八日，曹魏帝国陈（思）王曹植逝世（年四十一岁）。 11、十二月，曹魏帝曹叡，许昌宫。 12、曹魏帝国高级咨询官（侍中）刘晔，十分受到皇帝曹叡的亲近尊重。曹叡打算攻击蜀汉帝国（首都成都），政府官员一致反对。刘晔晋见曹叡时，却表示赞成。但是出宫后跟文武百官讨论时，则跟大家的立场一致，表示反对。刘晔有胆量，有见识，言之有物，无论正面反面，都有理论的跟事实的根据。中央禁军总监（中领军）杨暨，也是曹叡亲信，对刘晔也十分亲近尊重，坚决反对出军。杨暨每次去皇宫晋见皇帝出来，一定拜访刘晔，刘晔就向他分析不可出军的原因。后来，杨暨跟曹叡讨论此事，恳切劝阻，曹叡说：“你是一介书生，怎么懂得军事？”杨暨说：“我的话固然没有分量，可是刘晔是先帝（曹操及曹丕）时的智囊，他也认为不可出军。”曹叡说：“怪了！刘晔在我面前，却是认为可以出军。”杨暨说：“我可以跟他当面对质。” 于是，曹叡召见刘晔，询问刘晔的意见，刘晔闭口不答。后来，刘晔单独晋见，抱怨曹叡说：“攻击一个国家，是一个重大事件。我能够参与这个重要的密谋，连睡觉时，都恐怕说梦话把他说出来，泄露军机，增加我的罪过！怎么可在人前提及？军事行动，诡秘莫测。大军未动之前，越秘密越好，而陛下公开谈论，恐怕敌人已经听到。”曹叡向他道歉。 刘晔出宫，责备杨暨说：“渔夫钓到一条大鱼，就尽量放线，尾追在它之后，必须等它筋疲力尽，可以制伏的时候，才收回钓线，所以每次都有收获。君王的威严，岂止是一条大鱼？你诚然是一个正直的臣僚，然而处理事情的方法，却很拙劣，应该仔细思量。”杨暨也向他道歉。 然而，终于有人拆穿刘晔底牌，向曹叡报告说：“刘晔并不是真正的忠心，他只是观察陛下的意向，顺势迎合而已。陛下不信的话，不妨试他一试，把陛下所反对的事情，当做赞成的事情，告诉刘晔，问他的意见。他如果反对，是他的见解果然跟陛下的见解，常常相合。如果每项他都赞同，他就露出原形。”曹叡用这个方法验证，果然发现刘晔实情，从此跟他疏远。刘晔也察觉到自己的失策，懊恨之余，精神开始恍惚，遂被逐出中枢，出任藩属事务部长（大鸿胪。高级咨询官常在皇帝左右，属于智囊阶层，有强大的影响力。部长不过主持一部事务，难以再跟皇帝接近）。不久，刘晔忧虑而死。 傅玄曰： 灵巧诈伪，不如拙笨诚恳，是千古真理。以刘晔的聪明智慧，反应灵敏而又中肯，如果坚守道德和仁义的立场，以忠信为本；即令是古代的大贤，又有谁能比得上他！但是刘晔只信任自己的才能，不够敦厚、不肯诚实；以致内失君王信赖，外失朋友情谊，终于自己造成自己的危局，岂不可惜！ 13、刘晔曾经陷害政务署长（尚书令）陈矫，指控陈矫横行专权。陈矫恐惧，告诉儿子陈骞，陈骞说：“主上（曹叡）圣明，而您是国家高级官员，实在不能融洽，了不起不当三公。”数日后，曹叡的怒气果然消失。 政务署助理官（尚书郎）、乐安郡（山东省邹平县东北）人廉昭，以才能卓越受到皇帝曹叡的宠信，喜爱挑剔官员们细小过失，向曹叡表态。禁宫咨询官（黄门侍郎）杜恕，上书说： “我看到廉昭弹劾政务署左秘书长（左丞）曹璠，认为曹璠被指控有罪，而向上级提出报告时，没有依据诏书规定，应深入追究。陛下遂再下诏责备质问，说：'其他应该处罚的人，另行奏报。'政务署长（尚书令）陈矫，上书只敢说不敢逃避责任惩罚，却不敢陈述理由答辩，辞意恳切悲恻，我暗中为政府惋惜。 “古代帝王，所以能维持世风，抚育人民，没有一人不是因为得到民心的爱戴，竭尽群臣的贡献。而今，陛下日理万机，十分辛劳，有时还在灯火之下，处理公务。可是很多事情，仍然停顿，刑法禁令，也都废弛，追究原因，不仅仅由于臣属没有尽到忠心，而更是主上用人并不恰当。 “百里奚在虞国时，不过一个愚劣之辈，但到秦国之后，却成为国君的智囊（参考前三三八年）。豫让在中行家里，不过一个苟且偷安之徒，但到了智家，却显示他的忠烈（参考前四〇三年）。古人方面，这是明显的例证。如果陛下认为当今之世没有优秀人才，使政府缺乏贤能的辅佐，那么，岂能追寻已逝的姬弃（后稷·周王朝远祖）、子契（商王朝远祖）？或者坐着等待未来的俊杰？ “现在被称为贤能的人，都已经做了大官，而且享受丰厚的俸禄；然而，侍奉君王的节操，并没有建立；奉公守法的精神，也并没有表现；原因何在？在于对他们从不授权，而忌讳又多。我认为，忠臣不一定就是亲信，而亲信也未必都忠心耿耿。平常疏远的臣属，批评别人，陛下疑心他公报私仇；称赞别人，陛下又疑心他怀有偏见，并不公正。于是，左右亲信遂利用这种态势，更为强调疏远臣属们的罪过，使他们对恶的不敢批评，对善的不敢称赞；因为，无论如何反映，都有罪嫌。 “陛下应当考虑的是，如何鼓励官员们有开阔的心胸，培养官员们有正道的气节；使他们能自行向古人看齐，名垂史册。而陛下不但没有这样做，反而使像廉昭这种人，在其中挑拨离间。我恐怕发展的结果，高级官员终于会装聋作哑，为了保持官位，占据一个栖身之地后，坐在那里，睁大眼睛瞧着政治上失误，一语不发。这对后代而言，可是一个鉴戒。 “从前，姬旦（周公）警告他的儿子、鲁国第一任国君姬伯禽说：'不要使大臣抱怨你不信任他！'他如果没有才干，就不可以让他当大臣；既让他当大臣，就不能不信任。《书经》记载：伊祁放勋（黄帝王朝六任帝）不断谈论姚重华（黄帝王朝七任帝）的功劳，褒扬他除去四凶（共工、驩兜、姒鲧、三苗。参考八六年四月注），并不认为对有罪的可以不问，对犯小过的也要像对犯大过的同等处罚。 “政府中官员没有人承认自己没有才干，而只认为陛下对他们不信任；也没有人承认自己无知，而只认为陛下并没有向他发问。陛下为什么不遵照姬旦对善人信任、姚重华对恶人排除的指示？命高级咨询官（侍中）、政务署秘书（尚书），坐的时候在中枢襄助，行的时候随从御驾；由陛下亲自垂询，让他们尽言。则文武百官的品德行为，可以完全了解；忠良者擢升，愚劣者屏退，谁还敢推托犹豫，不竭尽才能？ “以陛下的英明，亲自跟臣僚讨论政事，使文武百官都能贡献才智。则贤能和愚劣，干练和昏弱，完全看陛下如何适当的交给他们工作。用这种方法解决问题，什么问题不能解决？用这种方法建立功业，什么功业不能建立？每逢边疆告警，陛下诏书上总是说：'谁对此事忧心？只我自己忧心！'最近诏书上又说：'忧虑公事，忘掉私事的，不会有这种人。只要先忧虑公事，再忧虑私事，就可把事情办妥！' “恭读这些诏令，深佩陛下对于下情，了如指掌；但也怪陛下不追本探源，而只指出末节。一个人有没有才能，受他先天禀赋的限制。就是由我观察，我也认为政府中没有一位官员能够称职。英明君王使用人才，应使有能力的人毫无保留的竭尽全力；而对没有能力的人，应该不准他盘踞官位。遴选时没有遴选到真正人才，不是过错；整个中央政府竟容纳这种不适当的人，才十分怪异。 “陛下明知道某人没有竭尽全力，却代他忧愁没有竭尽全力；明知道某人根本没有才能，却教他负责处理业务；岂止是君王辛劳，臣下安逸而已。而是纵令圣贤同时并出于世，也不能把国家治理得好。陛下常担心政务署（台阁）不能保守秘密，人情请托不能彻底断绝，特别制定'出入法条'，还派遣凶狠的官吏，防守大门；这些措施，只不过治标，不能治本。 “从前，东汉王朝六任帝刘祜时，宫廷供应部长（少府）窦嘉，延聘司法部长（廷尉）郭躬一身清白的侄儿（当时郭躬已经去世多年），引起强烈反应，大家纷纷指控，提出弹劾。而最近京畿总卫戍司令（司隶校尉）孔羡，延聘最高统帅（大将军）司马懿放荡的弟弟（司马通），有关单位却不说一句话。那种望着风向，迎合脸色的态度，比受到指示还要顺服。这都是不按实情遴选人才的后果。窦嘉身是皇亲（窦嘉是东汉王朝三任帝刘炟正妻窦皇后的娘家人，参考九二年六月表解），郭躬又不是国家重臣，尚且如此；用今天的情形跟古代相比，都归因于陛下没有坚持有罪必罚，没有阻塞结党营私的源头。 “制定出入禁令，派遣恶吏守门，都不是治世常规。假使我的建议中一小部分蒙陛下采纳，何至担心邪恶不消灭，而去豢养像廉昭之辈？本来，揭发奸恶，就是尽忠。然而，小人去做此事，世人却万分憎恶，为的是，他们不了解情理，而只知道苟苟且且，一味向上进取。如果陛下再不考察事件来龙去脉，必然会产生一种印象，认为违背舆论，跟全国人民对抗的，才是为公忘私；窥探别人隐秘，打别人小报告的，才是履行节操。一个以国家为己任的盘盘大才，岂能做出此事！他们依照正道，不肯如此。假使天下人都背弃正道而去谋取眼前一点政治利益，最值得人担忧，陛下怎么能够快乐起来！” 杜恕是杜畿的儿子（杜畿，参考二〇五年十月）。 曹叡曾经突然前往政务署，政务署长（尚书令）陈矫阻住大门，跪下问说：“陛下要去哪里？”曹叡说：“我想看看公文。”陈矫说：“这是我分内的工作，陛下不适宜做这种事。如果我不称职，则请免我的职；陛下应该回去。”曹叡惭愧，乘车返宫。 曹叡曾经问陈矫：“司马懿忠贞不贰，能不能称为国家大臣？”陈矫说：“政府官员对他都很仰望，但国家能不能依靠他，我不知道。” 14、东吴帝国上大将军陆逊，率军向曹魏帝国所属的庐江郡（安徽省寿县西南）进攻，曹魏帝国参与决策的人，都认为应发兵救援。征南将军满宠说：“庐江虽然是个小城，但是守将强悍，守军精良，可以抵抗一段时间。东吴兵团离开船舰，登上陆地，进军二百里，没有后继部队，他们不来，还想引诱他们来，现在应随他们的意。只怕他们