Chapter 2 The second decade of the third century (210-219)

1. In the spring, Cao Cao, the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital of Xu County), ordered: "Meng Gongchuo can be the elder of the Zhao and Wei families of Jin, and he can be competent and happy; but if he is the state official of Teng and Xue (the doctor ), then they can’t continue working (the elders are leisurely, have no rights and no responsibilities, state officials have great power and responsibility, and those who are incompetent cannot serve. Refer to 1984). If you must be stubborn in appointing honest people, Jiang Xiaobai (Qi Guo How can the sixteenth monarch, Duke Huan, dominate the world (Guan Zhong is not a man of integrity)? Friends, please help me find talents in the backcountry. As long as he is a talent, I will definitely appoint him."

2. On February 1st, a solar eclipse. 3. In winter, Cao Cao built the Tongque Terrace in Yecheng (the county where the Jizhou government is located · Southwest Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei Province). (The Tongque Terrace occupies an important position in the history of literature. Its former site is in the southwest of Linzhang County, Hebei Province, in the northwest corner of the ancient city of Ye. In 213, the Jinhu Terrace was added. Later, the Bingjing Terrace was added. The terraces are connected by double-decker roads, which are called "three terraces" in total. When Cao Cao died, his will said: "After I die, I will be buried in Xigang, which is adjacent to the Temple of Ximenbao. My concubines and maids are all in Tongque. On the stage. You should go up often and look at my Xigang cemetery." Later generations mourned the death of this hero, and wrote poems such as "Tongque Prostitute" and "The Resentment of Bird Terrace". Du Mu's poem: "Dongfeng does not fight with Zhou Lang Then, Tongquechun locks Er Qiao deeply.” Make Tongque Terrace more prominent.)

4. On the day of Jihai in December (Xin Choushuo in December, there is no Jihai), Cao Cao issued a statement ("Zi Ming Ben Zhi Ling"), saying: "I was initially recommended as 'Xiaolian' (Cao Cao was twenty years old). I knew that I was not a well-known person hiding deep in the mountains. I was afraid that the world would regard me as an ordinary person. During the Dongping Mausoleum), corrupt officials were eradicated and filthy (Cao Cao was the prime minister of Jinan, and he belonged to more than ten counties, and the county magistrates and other officials were all attached to the powerful, corrupt and perverted the law. Cao Cao reported to the central government, eight people were dismissed, and the territory was solemn), fair and upright Because of this, he was resented by the wealthy and powerful families. Fearing that he would kill himself and destroy his family, he claimed to be ill and resigned to return to his hometown. Fifty miles away, I will build a study villa. I plan to study in autumn and summer, and hunt in winter and spring. I expect to wait for the world to be peaceful before I come out to be an official.

"However, he couldn't get what he wanted, and was recruited by the central government to serve as the commander of the Dianjun (Dianjun Colonel. Refer to August 188). The inscription: "The Tomb of Cao Cao, the General of the Han Dynasty's Expedition to the West", has great ambitions in life, but this is not the case. I didn't expect that Dong Zhuo's disaster would happen soon, so I raised the rebel army (refer to 190). Later, I also served as the governor of Yanzhou (western Shandong Province) (Assassin), defeated the 300,000 Yellow Turban Bianmin Group (refer to 192); then crusade against Yuan Shu, forcing Yuan Shu to die in desperation (refer to June 199); crusade against Yuan Shao (refer to 200) , cut off the heads of his two sons (Yuan Shang and Yuan Tan) (refer to 205 and 207); then put down Liu Biao (refer to the year before last), and the country was unified.

"As the prime minister, for a person who is a subject, my dignity has reached the peak, far exceeding my previous aspirations. If the country does not have me, I don't know how many people will be called emperors and how many people will be called kings! Maybe some people see me The power is getting stronger and stronger, but I have never believed in the destiny, so I guessed at random, thinking that I might have the intention to usurp the power of the Eastern Han Dynasty; every time I think of this, I feel very sad. So I will explain the whole story to you, and it is all from the bottom of my heart. However, If you plan to ask me to give up the army, return it to the relevant authorities, and return to my fief Wuping Houguo (Wupingcheng Village, northwest of Luyi County, Henan Province), it is absolutely impossible. Why? I am afraid that once I leave the army, I will be murdered On the one hand, I plan for my children and grandchildren, and on the other hand, I also consider that if I fail, the country will be in danger immediately. Therefore, I will never accept disaster for the sake of a false name.

"However, the area of ​​my marquis fief covers four counties, and the people have 30,000 households. How can I accept it! The society is still chaotic, and the official position cannot be relinquished; as for the fiefdom, it can be refused. Take back the three counties of Yangxia (Taikang County, Henan Province), Zhexian County (Zhecheng County, Henan Province), and Kuxian County (Luyi County, Henan Province), as well as 20,000 households, and only keep 10,000 households in Wuping. Defamation comments, reduce the pressure on me." Bo Yang said: Cao Cao's "Zi Ming Ben Zhi Ling" is open and aboveboard, with sincere words.He frankly admitted that it was not because he had great ambitions since he was a child, but because of the deduction of the current situation, he was promoted to a high position.And after being pushed to a high position, he is equivalent to riding on the back of a tiger, and he cannot get off until he dies.He frankly explained the dilemma he faced, which is unique to the authoritarian regime, and no one can break through, that is: he cannot give up military power.The fate of Han Xin, Han Fu and others is a living lesson from the past.

Most political proclamations are hypocritical, telling lies, big words, and empty words. The value of "Zi Ming Ben Zhi Ling" and the cuteness of Cao Cao lie in the difference. 5. Most of Liu Biao’s subordinates, former plenipotentiary governor (shepherd) of Jingzhou (Hubei Province and Hunan Province), belonged to Liu Bei, the current plenipotentiary governor of Jingzhou, because Liu Bei allocated too little land to Zhou Yu (Jingzhou belonged to eight counties, and Zhou Yu only designated the south of the Yangtze River The four counties) could not accommodate his followers, so the Public Security Bureau (the seat of the Jingzhou Prefecture Government, Public Security County, Hubei Province) personally went to Jingkou (Sun Quan’s headquarters, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province), and asked Sun Quan for the four counties north of the Yangtze River.

Zhou Yu, the county magistrate of Nanjun (Jiangling County, Hubei Province), got the news, and urgently wrote to Sun Quan, saying: "Liu Bei is a generation of heroes, and Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Xionghu generals will never be under others for a long time. I think this opportunity must be seized and the Liu Bei detained him, built him a large and luxurious residence, provided him with beauties and other sensual dogs and horses, so that his eyes and ears were fascinated. Then, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were separated and stationed in one place each; so that generals like me, Zhou Yu, could lead They fight, and great things can be accomplished. If the land is divided to Liu Bei and used as his capital, and three people gather on the battlefield, it will be like a dragon encountering thick clouds and heavy rain, and it is impossible to stay in the pool." Peng Zejun (East of Hukou County, Jiangxi Province) Lu Fan, the county magistrate, also advised Sun Quan to detain Liu Bei.However, Sun Quan believed that Cao Cao was still dominant in the north, and he should recruit heroes, so he refused to accept it.Liu Bei returned to the Public Security Bureau. Later, when he heard the inside story, he sighed and said: "All the resourceful people in the world have the same opinion. At that time, Zhuge Liang advised me not to go because he was worried that this kind of thing would happen. However, I was in a critical situation and had to Go. Thinking about it carefully, it is really dangerous, and it is almost impossible to escape Zhou Yu's murderous hands."

6. Zhou Yu went to Jingkou (Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province) to meet Sun Quan, and said: "Cao Cao has recently suffered setbacks, and he has worries in his heart (referring to the fall of Cao Cao's prestige, and there may be betrayals inside), so he cannot compete with the general (Sun Quan) on the battlefield again. I request that I go west with General Fenwei to seize Shu (referring to Yizhou) and annex Zhanglu (the Hanzhong County at the time); then, General Fenwei stays and guards, and Liangzhou (the southeastern part of Gansu Province) Ma Chao, the leader of the local militia, formed an alliance. I will come back and march with the general (Sun Quan) to Xiangyang (Xiangfan City, Hubei Province, the county where Jingzhou Prefecture Government was established by the central government) to oppress Cao Cao, and there is a lot to do in the north." Sun Quan agreed.General Fenwei is Sun Jian's nephew (Sun Quan's cousin) and Sun Yu, the magistrate of Danyang County (Xuanzhou City, Anhui Province).

Zhou Yu returned to Jiangling (the county where the Nanjun County Government is located, Jiangling County, Hubei Province) to pack his luggage, but he fell ill on the way and was dying. He wrote to Sun Quan saying: "Life has a long or short life. Sincerely, there is no need to be sad. I only hate this small wish in my heart." , can’t be realized, and your order can no longer be carried out. Now, Cao Cao is in the north, and the situation is not stable. Liu Bei lives in the west, as if he has a tiger and leopard at home. The world’s major events, I don’t know how it will end? This is the day when all the cadres are working hard and forgetting to eat, and it is also the time when the Supreme (Sun Quan) is thinking hard. Lu Su is loyal and calm, and can replace my position. Fortunately, my suggestions can be adopted, and he is immortal ” died in Baqiu (Yueyang City, Hunan Province) (at the age of thirty-six).When Sun Quan heard the news, he cried and said: "Zhou Yu had the ability to assist the emperor, but he died suddenly. Who will I rely on?"Zhou Yu has a daughter and two sons.Sun Quan taught his eldest son, Sun Deng, to marry Zhou Yu's daughter.Appoint Zhou Yu's eldest son, Zhou Xun, as the cavalry commander (Ci Duwei), and marry his daughter to him.Zhou Yu's second son, Zhou Yin, was the Commander of Land Reclamation (Captain of Xingye) and married the daughter of the Sun family to him.

At first, Zhou Yu made friends with Sun Ce (see 194), and Sun Quan's mother, Mrs. Wu Tai, ordered Sun Quan to treat Zhou Yu as her elder brother.At that time, Sun Quan's official position was just a "general", and the etiquette of the subordinate generals and guests was very simple. Only Zhou Yu was respectful, and he regarded himself as a subject when they met.Cheng Pu, the magistrate of Jiangxia County, insulted Zhou Yu repeatedly because of his age.Later, Cheng Pu was moved, and he respected Zhou Yu very much. He told others: "Drinking Zhou Yu is like drinking fine wine, and you will be intoxicated without knowing it." Sun Quan redeployed his troops and ordered Lu Su to be the Fenwu Commander (Fenwu Colonel), taking over Zhou Yu's position as commander, and appointed Cheng Pu to concurrently serve as Nanjun County Magistrate.Lu Su suggested lending Jingzhou to Liu Bei to jointly resist Cao Cao, and Sun Quan agreed.Therefore, Yuzhang County (Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province) was divided into Panyang County (ie Poyang County · Boyang County, Jiangxi Province), and Changsha County (Changsha City, Hunan Province) was divided into Hanchang County (South of Pingjiang County, Hunan Province).Then Cheng Pu was appointed as the governor of Jiangxia County, Lu Su was appointed as the governor of Hanchang County, and the army was stationed in Lukou (Luxi Town, southwest of Jiayu County, Hubei Province). The area of ​​land was lent to Liu Bei so that he could confront the areas under the jurisdiction of the central government from the Han River Basin. As for the Lukou, Hanchang, and Xiakou areas that originally belonged to Jingzhou, they were still firmly guarded because they were the gates of Sun Quan’s base. "Borrowed". In addition, there is only the recognition of Liu Bei's governance of the four counties south of the Yangtze River, but the four counties have already surrendered to Liu Bei, and they are not included in the "borrowed" list). At first, Sun Quan said to Lv Meng: "Now that you hold power, you must not stop reading." Lv Meng defended, saying that it was not that he didn't study, but that there were too many things in the army and he didn't have time.Sun Quan said: "Do I want you to study Confucian classics and become a teacher? I just want you to have a general impression. Knowing what happened in the past is enough. If you don't have time, who can be busier than me? Read books often, thinking that it will be of great benefit." Lu Meng began to study.Later, Lu Su passed by Xunyang (northeast of Wuhan City, Hubei Province) and talked with Lu Meng. He was surprised and said, "Your talent and wisdom today are no longer that of Lu Meng in Wujun (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province)." Lu Meng said: "After three days of farewell, we have to treat each other with admiration. It's too late for the eldest brother to find out!" Lu Su then met with Lv Meng's mother ("going to the hall to pay homage to the mother", which means close friendship), became friends, and then said goodbye. Liu Bei appointed Pang Tong, a staff officer (in charge), to act as the magistrate of Leiyang (Leiyang City, Hunan Province).Lu Su wrote to Liu Bei, saying: "A county magistrate with an area of ​​one hundred miles is not enough to work Pang Tong. If you make him a general affairs officer (zhizhong) or administrative officer (don't drive), you can see his talent. "Zhuge Liang also tried his best to recommend it.Liu Bei then summoned Pang Tong, and after talking with him, he paid great attention to him. He appointed Pang Tong as the general affairs officer, and treated him second only to Zhuge Liang. 7. Initially, Xie, a native of Cangwu County (Wuzhou City, Guangxi), served as the county governor of Jiaozhi County (Bei Ninh Prefecture, northeast of Hanoi City, Vietnam).Zhu Fu, governor (inspector) of Jiaozhou (Guangxi, Guangdong, and northern Vietnam), was beheaded by barbarians, and the state and county were in chaos. Shi Xie recommended and appointed (represented) his old brother, Shi Yi, as an agent of Hepu County (northeast of Hepu County, Guangxi) The county chief and Shi (sound hui) act as the county chief of Jiuzhen County (Qinghua City, Vietnam), and Shiwu acts as the county chief of Nanhai County (Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province).Shi Xie was a loyal and open-minded man. Many native Chinese intellectuals went to seek refuge.Shi Xie's authority overwhelmed a state, and on the vast land of thousands of miles, his dignity could not be added.Every time they go in and out, the guards of honor are very grand, and all the barbarians belong to them. The central government appointed Zhang Jin, a native of Nanyang County, as the governor of Jiaozhou. Zhang Jin was superstitious about ghosts and gods. He often wrapped a red towel around his head, played the piano, burned incense, and read Taoist books, claiming that he could help him ascend to heaven. .Liu Biao, the plenipotentiary governor of Jingzhou, sent Lai Gong from Lingling County (Yongzhou City, Hunan Province) to take over the vacancy left by Zhang Jin.At that time, Shi Huang, the governor of Cangwu County, died, and Liu Biao sent Wu Ju to act as his agent.The central government directly issued an imperial edict to Emperor Shi Xie, appointing Shi Xie as the Suinan Guard Commander (Suinan Zhonglang General), the Jiaozhou Military Region Commander (Dong Du Qijun), and also the Jiaozhi County Chief. Wu Ju clashed with Lai Gong (Jiaozhou state government and Cangwu County government are both located in Guangxin County), and sent troops to attack Lai Gong, who fled and returned to Lingling County.Sun Quan appointed the governor of Panyang County (Boyang County, Jiangxi Province) and Ren Buzhi of Linhuai County (south of Sihong County, Jiangsu Province) as the governor of Jiaozhou, and the Shixie brothers belonged to Sun Quan.Wu Ju obeyed on the surface, but he had other plans in his heart. Bu Zhi lured him out to kill him, and his reputation shocked the whole state.Sun Quan promoted Shi Xie to General Zuo, and Shi Xie sent his son to Jingkou (Sun Quan headquarters Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province) as a hostage.From then on, Lingnan (south of Nanling) began to belong to Sun Quan. 1. In spring, the first month, the central government of the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Xu County) appointed Cao Pi, the eldest son of Prime Minister Cao Cao, as a senior royal guard commander (a general with five officials), set up an official subordinate, and served as an assistant to the prime minister. (Under the Commander of the Palace Guard, there are Senior Royal Guard Commander, Left Wing Guard Commander, and Right Wing Guard Commander. The Senior Royal Guard Commander only governs the Senior Guard Officer and has never had any official affiliation; it is only subordinate to the Commander of the Palace Guard, It has nothing to do with the prime minister. When it came to Cao Pi, the position of power changed, and other official systems gradually changed.) In 2 and March, Cao Cao sent Zhong Yao, the commander of the general garrison of Gyeonggi (Sili Lieutenant), to crusade against Zhang Lu, who was guarding Hanzhong County (Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province), and ordered Xia Houyuan, the deputy general of Zhengxi (Zhengxi Protectorate), to lead the army from Depart from Hedong County (Xia County, Shanxi Province) and join forces with Zhong Yao.Gao Rou, Assistant to the Warehouse Officer of the Prime Minister's Mansion (Cang Cao's genus) dissuaded him and said: "Once the army is dispatched, Han Sui and Ma Chao will definitely suspect that they will attack them, and they will gather together to fight. We should first focus on Sanfu (Guanzhong area·Central part of Shaanxi Province) , if the Sanfu is pacified, Hanzhong County can use a paper to make Zhang Lu surrender." Cao Cao refused. The generals in Guanzhong (central part of Shaanxi Province) were really suspicious (the original note by Hu Sanxing, thinking that Cao Cao was trying to force them to rebel and then eliminate them).Ma Chao, Han Sui, Hou Xuan, Cheng Yin, Yang Qiu, Li Kan, Zhang Heng, Liang Xing, Cheng Yi, Ma Wan and other ten people jointly rebelled, with a total of 100,000 troops, guarding Tongguan (Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province) .Cao Cao ordered Cao Ren, the general of Anxi, to lead all the troops to advance, but ordered that they should not engage in battle.Cao Pi, the senior royal guard commander, was ordered to stay in Yecheng (Southwest Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei Province), and General Fenwu Cheng Yu was appointed as the military council officer (Shenpi Military) to stay in the mansion, and the guard commander of the base camp (under the door) Guangling County (Jiangsu Province) Xu Xuan, a native of Yangzhou City, the province, served as the left-wing military director (Zuo Hujun), commanding all the left-behind troops in Yecheng; . In autumn and July, Cao Cao personally led the army to attack Ma Chao and others.Many people involved in the decision-making thought: "The soldiers in Kansai (west of Hangu Pass) are good at using spears, unless they choose the elite as forwards, they cannot resist." Cao Cao said: "The situation on the battlefield is in my hands, not in the hands of the enemy. Although the enemy is proficient in using spears, I teach them that spears are useless, everyone, please watch from the sidelines." In August, Cao Cao arrived at Tongguan and camped across the pass with Ma Chao and other rebels.Cao Cao put pressure on Ma Chao sharply, but secretly ordered Xu Huang and Zhu Ling to lead a mixed infantry and cavalry regiment of 4,000 people to cross the Yellow River from Pubanjin (Yongji County, Shanxi Province) and establish a base on the west bank of the Yellow River. In the eighth month of intercalary, Cao Cao crossed the Yellow River from Tongguan to the north; the soldiers crossed first by boat, and Cao Cao alone with more than a hundred guards from Huben stayed on the south bank. But Cao Cao was still sitting on the small stool, motionless, Xu Chu helped Cao Cao into the boat, the sailor was shot to death by a stray arrow, Xu Chu picked up the saddle with his left hand to cover Cao Cao;Commander (Lieutenant) Ding Fei saw that the situation was urgent, so he drove out all the cattle and horses supplying the army to divert the enemy's attention. . After Cao Cao arrived at Puban, he crossed the Yellow River to the west, then built roads along the Yellow River, and advanced south.Ma Chao and others retreated to Weikou (where the Wei River flows into the Yellow River, that is, Tongguan).Cao Cao sent troops to attack everywhere, making it impossible for Ma Chao and others to judge Cao Cao's intentions.Then, Cao Cao's engineers entered the Wei River by boat and built a pontoon bridge.In the middle of the night, part of the main force had set up camp on the south bank of the Weishui River.At this time, Ma Chao and others realized that they were attacked by the enemy. They attacked by night and were defeated by the ambush.Ma Chao and others had no choice but to abandon Tongguan, retreat to the south of the Wei River, and sent someone to Cao Cao to express his willingness to cede the land west of the Yellow River and ask for reconciliation; Cao Cao refused. In September, Cao Cao's army advanced, and the main force all crossed the Wei River.Ma Chao and others challenged repeatedly, but Cao Cao strictly guarded the camp and did not respond.Ma Chao and others were afraid and insisted on donating their land, and were willing to send their son as a hostage.Jia Xu, a think tank, thought that he could pretend to agree, so Cao Cao asked him what to do next?Jia Xu said, "Instigate discord!" Cao Cao said, "I already understand." Han Sui asked to meet Cao Cao. Cao Cao and Han Sui were old friends. So, before the army, the two horses met and exchanged greetings. It lasted for a long time, but they didn't say a word about the military. They only talked about the past in the capital (the capital Luoyang) With former relatives and friends; when it comes to happiness, applaud and laugh.At this time, the Han and Hu people in the army surrounded them, forming a group from front to back.Cao Cao smiled and said to everyone: "Do you want to see Cao Cao? I am also a human being. I don't have four eyes and two mouths. It's just that I have more resourcefulness." What?" Han Sui said, "I didn't talk about anything." Ma Chao and the others became suspicious.Soon, one day, Cao Cao wrote a letter to Han Sui again. There were many dots and dots, which seemed to be revised by Han Sui. The letter fell into the hands of Ma Chao as expected, and Ma Chao and others became more suspicious.Cao Cao reckoned that the enemy had been separated from Germany, so he set a date for a decisive battle. First, he used lightly equipped troops to attack and fight for a long time.Han Sui and Ma Chao fled to Liangzhou (Southeastern Gansu Province), and Yang Qiu fled to Anding County (Shuguang Township, southeast of Zhenyuan County, Gansu Province). The generals asked Cao Cao: "At the beginning, the main force of the enemy was guarding Tongguan, and the north bank of the Wei River (Hexi) became a vacuum. Instead of directly attacking Fengyi County (Dali County, Shaanxi Province) from Hedong (southwest of Shanxi Province), we stationed heavy troops in Tongguan. Why bother?" Cao Cao said: "The enemy is guarding Tongguan. Once we enter the east of the river with heavy troops, the enemy must deploy defenses along the Yellow River and guard the crossing tightly. We cannot force the crossing. So I concentrated the heavy troops under the city of Tongguan. To attract the main force of the enemy, the defenses on the west bank of the Yellow River were naturally relaxed. Generals Xu Huang and Zhu Ling were able to easily obtain Xihe (northern central Shaanxi Province); then I crossed the Yellow River from Tongguan to the north. The reason why the enemy is willing to cede Xihe is because of The army of the two generals has already entered first. We used vehicles and trees to build roads along the Yellow River to the south, on the one hand for safety, and on the other hand to show weakness to the enemy; Make the enemy proud and impetuous. They really don't build camps for long-term confrontation, but blindly demand cession of land. I promise with all my mouth that everything I accept is to make them think that they are safe and secure, and they will no longer be vigilant. Once it starts, it is the so-called "quick thunder can't cover your ears" ("Six Secret Teachings: Military Power": a clever man makes a decisive decision without hesitation, and he can't cover his ears with quick thunder), strategy and tactics, unpredictable changes, and can't be stubborn." At first, when the generals of the Guanzhong rebel army arrived with their troops, Cao Cao could not conceal his joy. The generals asked him why, Cao Cao said: "Guanzhong has a vast land and long roads. If the rebels stay in their bases, We have to defeat them one by one, without one or two years, it is impossible to pacify them. Now they are gathered together, although there are many people, but no one obeys the other. The army has no authoritative commander, and it can be shattered in one battle. Never has a battle been so easy to win I am victorious, so I am happy." In winter, in October, Cao Cao went north from Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) to attack the rebel general Yang Qiu who slipped through the net, and surrounded Anding County.Yang Qiu surrendered, Cao Cao restored his official title, and left him to appease his followers. In December, Cao Cao ordered Xia Houyuan to garrison Chang'an from Anding County, and Zhang Ji, the counselor (Yi Lang), to be the mayor of Chang'an (Jing Zhaoyin), the western capital.Zhang not only encouraged the refugees in exile to return to their homes, revitalize the countryside, reorganize the cities, and the people live and work in peace and contentment. 3. When Han Sui and Ma Chao rebelled, Hongnong County (northeast of Lingbao County, Henan Province) and Fengyi County belonged to many counties, and many soldiers responded. Only Hedong County stood firm and had no two hearts.When Cao Cao and Ma Chao faced each other across the Wei River, the army's supplies and all military supplies depended on Hedong County.After defeating Ma Chao and others, there were still more than 200,000 hu left in the reserve army rations.Cao Cao added two thousand stones to the annual salary of Du Ji, the county magistrate of Hedong County (the rank salary of the county chief is only "compared to two thousand stones", and "the middle two thousand stones" is the highest rank salary at the ministerial level). 4. Fufeng County (Xingping City, Shaanxi Province) Renfazheng (law, surname), when Yizhou (Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province) full-power governor (shepherd) Liu Zhang's staff commander (junyi school lieutenant), Liu Zhang regarded him as An ordinary subordinate didn't take him seriously, and fellow exiles also looked down on him and felt very depressed.Zhang Song, the administrative officer of the state government (don't drive), is friendly with Fazheng; Zhang Song prides himself on his talent, which surpasses the contemporary world, while Liu Zhang is mediocre and does nothing, making his talent unable to be used, and he often sighs secretly. Zhang Song suggested that Liu Zhang befriend Liu Bei. Liu Zhang said, "Who should I send?" Zhang Song recommended Fazheng.Liu Zhang ordered Fazheng to go there, but Fazheng refused, but at Liu Zhang's insistence, he pretended to have no choice but to accept it with grievances.When they came back from the Public Security (Pan'an County, Hubei Province) to see Liu Bei, they briefed Zhang Song: Liu Bei has great talents and general plans, so the two conspired to welcome Liu Bei as the Lord of Yizhou. Soon (March), Cao Cao ordered Zhong Yao, the commander of the general garrison of Gyeonggi (Sili Lieutenant), to crusade against Zhang Lu and attack Hanzhong County.When Liu Zhang heard the news, he was terrified.Zhang Song then suggested to Liu Zhang: "Cao Cao's army is invincible in the world. If Zhang Lu's strength is used to attack us, who can resist? Liu Bei is the same clan of your Excellency (both are descendants of the Western Han Dynasty), and is Cao Cao's enemy. He is proficient in military affairs. If we can make him crusade against Zhang Lu, Zhang Lu will definitely surrender. Once Zhang Lu surrenders, our momentum will become stronger, and Cao Cao will be powerless even if he goes south. Now, the generals of Benzhou Island (Yizhou) Pang Xi, Li Yi, etc. I think there is a great credit (Pang Xi's daughter married Liu Zhang's eldest son Liu Xun; when the capital was moved to Chang'an, Pang Xi escaped from Chang'an with Liu Zhang's children and nephews; refer to 1944. During the change of Zhao Wei, Li Yi killed Zhao Wei; refer to 201), with an arrogant attitude and two ambitions, trying to collude with external forces. If we don’t get Liu Bei’s help, the enemy will attack outside and the people will rebel inside, but we will inevitably fail.” Liu Zhang completely Agreeing, Fazheng led 4,000 people to meet Liu Bei.Huang Quan, the chief secretary (master book) from Brazil County (Langzhong City, Sichuan Province), dissuaded him and said: "Liu Bei is famous all over the world for his bravery. If you invite him to come and treat him as a subordinate, he will definitely not be satisfied; if you treat him as a guest, you will always be satisfied." The country does not allow two hosts. If the guests are as safe as Mount Tai, the hosts must be as dangerous as eggs. It is better to slow down, close the border, and wait for the world to settle." Liu Zhang ignored him and expelled Huang Quan from Chengdu (Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, the county where the Yizhou State Government is located), served as the county governor of Guanghan County (Guanghan City, Sichuan Province).Staff officer Wang Lei from Guanghan County hung his head and feet upside down at the gate of Chengdu, trying to persuade Liu Bei to welcome him, but Liu Zhang refused to listen. Fazheng went to Jingzhou and secretly offered advice to Liu Bei, saying: "With the general's talent and wisdom, Liu Zhang's stupidity should be taken advantage of. Zhang Song is a senior and important cadre, and he should act internally to take Yizhou. It is easy." Liu Bei hesitated. Indecision.Pang Tongjin said: "Jingzhou is desolate and dilapidated, and the talents are exhausted. Sun Quan is in the east and Cao Cao is in the north. It is difficult to develop outward. However, Yizhou has a household registration of one million, fertile land, and rich property. If you can use it as your own capital, the great cause can be successful. "Liu Bei said: "Currently, Cao Cao is the only one who is in the same position as me. Cao Cao is strict, but I am generous; Cao Cao is fierce, but I am kind; Cao Cao is deceitful, but I am loyal. Only by doing the opposite of Cao Cao can we succeed. Now, For the sake of small profits, you have abandoned faith and faced the world, how will you deal with the aftermath?" Pang Tong said: "In times of war, insisting on a single standard cannot stabilize the world. Devouring the weak, annexing ignorance, and obeying obedience, these behaviors have always been respected by the ancients. Praise. You might as well wait until after the matter is over, and grant Liu Zhang a vast fiefdom. What is the debt of righteousness? If you don’t seize it today, it will eventually fall into the hands of others.” Liu Bei thought it was correct.Then Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and others were ordered to stay in Jingzhou, and Zhao Yun was also the military and political officer of the government (leading Sima in the camp).Liu Bei led tens of thousands of infantry and entered Yizhou. When Sun Quan heard the news that Liu Bei was going west, he sent a boat to meet his younger sister (Liu Bei's wife, Mrs. Sun).Mrs. Sun planned to take Liu Bei's son Liu Chan back to her natal family in Wujun (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun mobilized urgently to block the Yangtze River, and Mrs. Sun released Liu Chan. Liu Zhang ordered the local governments along the way to supply the military supplies of Liu Bei's expeditionary regiment at any time. After Liu Bei entered Yizhou, it was like a wanderer returning to his hometown.The property donated by Liu Zhang amounted to as much as 100 million.When Liu Bei arrived in Berkshire (Chongqing City), Yan Yan, the magistrate of Berkshire, sighed and said: "This is just fulfilling the proverb of 'sitting alone in the mountains and releasing tigers to defend yourself'." The county where it is located, Chongqing City) goes northward, passes through Dianjiang (Dianjiang County, Chongqing City), and goes straight to Fu County (Mianyang City, Sichuan Province).Liu Zhang led more than 30,000 infantry and cavalry, and the vehicles were luxurious. The colors and the sunlight reflected each other, dazzling the eyes and ears, and met Liu Bei.Zhang Song Mingfazheng secretly informed Liu Bei that Liu Bei would launch an attack when they met.Liu Bei said: "This matter can't be so hasty!" Pang Tong said: "If Liu Zhang can be caught during the meeting, the general can sit there and get a state without a single soldier." Liu Bei said: "We just arrived in a state. In a strange new place, lack of kindness and faith, you can't take risks." After the meeting, Liu Zhang elected Liu Bei to act as the Supreme Commander of the National Armed Forces (Xing Da Sima) and the General Garrison Commander of Gyeonggi (Ling Sili Lieutenant); Liu Bei elected Liu Zhang to be the Acting General of Zhenxi and the Plenipotentiary Governor of Yizhou.All the generals and soldiers interacted with each other and feasted for more than a hundred days.Liu Zhang also increased the troops and equipment of Liu Bei's Expeditionary Corps, fully supplied supplies, and sent north to attack Zhang Lu.He also ordered Liu Bei to command the garrison in Baishui (Beichaotian Town, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province).Liu Bei, together with the army allocated by Liu Zhang, has more than 30,000 people.Chariots and horses, armor, weapons, and fodder are all plentiful.Liu Zhang returned to Chengdu, and Liu Bei's Expeditionary Corps advanced to Jiameng (southwest of Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province); before launching an attack on Zhang Lu, it first went ahead to cultivate kindness and buy people's hearts. 1. In spring, the first month, Cao Cao, the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital of Xu County), returned to Yecheng (Southwest Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei Province).Emperor Liu Xie (32 years old this year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty issued an edict, specifically allowing Cao Cao: "Praise is not famous, the sword is on the palace, and entering the court is not going." Everything follows Xiao He's precedent. (What Xiao He enjoyed at the beginning was only the latter two items; refer to the previous 2011. During Dong Zhuo’s time, he added “praise is not named”. , only called "a certain official", not his name; only called "Prime Minister", not "Dong Zhuo"; refer to 189. Cao Cao's move publicly showed his ambition to usurp the Eastern Han Dynasty government.) 2. When Cao Cao attacked Han Sui and Ma Chao in the west, Tian Yin and Subor from Hejian State (the capital of Lecheng) gathered together to raise troops, causing chaos in Youzhou (northern Hebei Province) and Jizhou (southern central Hebei Province).Cao Pi, the senior royal guard commander (five-official general), planned to lead the army to crusade in person. The administrative officer (gong Cao) Chang Lin said: "The officials and people in the north love peace, are tired of war, and have surrendered to the central government for a long time. They account for the majority. Tian Yin and Subor are just a flock of dogs and sheep. Gathering together, they cannot cause harm. Now, the army is far away, and there are powerful enemies outside the country (referring to Sun Quan and Liu Bei). At that time, although the capital was in Xu County, Cao Cao’s personal military base was in Yecheng), and a reckless expedition, even if the enemy was put down, would not be regarded as a prestige.” So the general Jia Xin was sent to crusade, and the rebels were finally wiped out.The remaining 1,000 rebels begged to surrender.Those who participated in the opinion said in unison: "The Prime Minister (Cao Cao) issued an order before that anyone who surrendered after besieging the city will be killed." , a temporary contingency method. Now, the world has been roughly pacified, and you cannot kill casually. Even if you want to kill, you should report to the prime minister first." Everyone said: "Military should be arbitrary, and should not ask for instructions." Cheng Yu said: "Arbitrary It means to respond to a temporary emergency. Now, the leader of the mutated people is in the hands of Jia Xin, so I don't want the general to act without authorization." Cao Pi said: "Exactly!" He reported to his father Cao Cao, and Cao Cao ordered a pardon.Later, I heard that it was Cheng Yu's suggestion, and said happily: "You not only understand military affairs, but also correctly coordinate the family relationship between other people's father and son." It has always been a practice: when defeating the enemy and reporting the number of kills, in order to exaggerate the military exploits, always count ten times.The Secretary-General of the Remaining Mansion (Chang Shi) Guoyuan reported the number of casualties, which was completely based on facts.Cao Cao asked him the reason, Guoyuan said: "The crusade against foreign enemies deliberately overreports, in order to exaggerate the power and shock the people. Hejian Kingdom is within the border, and it rebelled against Tian Yin and others. Although the news of success came, I felt in my heart. Shame." Cao Cao appreciated it greatly. 3. In summer, on the day of Guiwei in May (Renchen Shuo in May, there is no Guiwei), Ma Teng, the commander of the security of the imperial city (Wei Wei), was killed, and the three clans were slaughtered. (All the Ma Teng family moved inland, refer to 2008. So far, all the old and young have died, in revenge for his son Ma Chao's rebellion last year.) 4. On June 29, a solar eclipse. 5. Autumn, July, borer disaster. 6. Ma Chao and other remnants were stationed in Lantian (Lantian County, Shaanxi Province), and Xia Houyuan, the protection director of the Western Expedition Army (the Western Expedition Army) attacked, and everything was pacified.Liang Xing, the leader of the Bianmin Group in Yan County (southeast of Luochuan County, Shaanxi Province), plundered Fengyi County (Dali County, Shaanxi Province). · Dali County, Shaanxi Province).Relevant personnel believe that when everyone returns to the county, they will stick to the danger.Zheng Hun, county chief of Zuo Fengyi (Dali County, Shaanxi Province), said: "Liang Xing and others have broken up, so they fled to high mountains and deep valleys. Although there are still people following them, most of them are under coercion. What should be done now is Dali Open the door to surrender, and broadcast the prestige and credibility of the government. If you only know how to defend the danger, it is to show them that the government is powerless." So the officials and the people were mobilized, and the city was built to take strict precautions.Recruit young people, organize militia troops, and fight against the mob group. Three-tenths of the property and women robbed from the mob will be handed over to the government, and seven-tenths will be kept by the militia for their own enjoyment. The people are very happy and willing to participate hunt down.Some of the rebels whose wives were robbed surrendered to the government forces.Zheng Qing ordered them to return other women's women that their party had taken captive, and then return his wife.The Bianmin group then split up, attacked each other, and the tribe dispersed.Zheng Hun also looked for officials who were usually respected by the people, and went to the mountains and deep valleys to convey the government's virtue. Liang Xing and others were frightened, and led the remnants of the troops to gather in Fucheng.Cao Cao ordered Xia Houyuan to assist Zheng Hun in attacking, then beheaded Liang Xing, and all his troops surrendered.Zheng Hun is Zheng Tai's younger brother. 7. On September 21st, Emperor Liu Xie named his princes Liu Xi as King of Jiyin, Liu Yi as King of Shanyang, Liu Miao as King of Jibei, and Liu Dun as King of Donghai. 8、最初，张纮认为，秣陵（江苏省江宁县南秣陵乡）山川雄伟，形势险要，建议孙权作为将军府所在地。后来，刘备前往京口（江苏省镇江市）访问时（参考前年），经过秣陵，也建议孙权作为首府。孙权遂修筑石头城（南京市西北石头山），把首府迁到秣陵（自京口迁。秣陵也迁至石头城），改秣陵名建业。 9、孙权部将、寻阳（湖北省武穴市东北）县长吕蒙，听到曹操将再度东征消息，建议孙权在濡须水口两岸建立城寨（濡，音ru。濡须水，源出巢湖，东南注入长江）。将领们反对，说：“上岸攻击敌人，离岸便登上船只，要城寨干什么？”吕蒙说：“军事有利有不利，战争从来没有过百战百胜的场面，如果敌人强大的步骑兵猝然出现，人马奔腾，势如风暴，我们连跳到水里都来不及，怎么还能上船？”孙权说：“对极。”遂在濡须水两岸修筑城寨，称濡须坞（安徽省含山县西南跟巢湖市交界处，夹水筑垒，也称偃月坞）。 冬季，十月，曹操东征，攻击孙权。 10、宫廷秘书（尚书）董昭建议曹操，说：“自古迄今，人臣拯救国家，从没有建立像你今天这样伟大的功业。有你今天这样伟大的功业，不可能长久屈居臣属地位。你深以为德行赶不上古代，内心感到不安，乐意于保持自己已有的名声节操。然而，你身为大臣，如果使人因这件大事对你怀疑，不可以不多加考虑。”于是，跟侯爵、将领们商议，一致认为丞相曹操应晋级“公爵”，加颁“九锡”，用以表彰曹操对国家的特殊贡献（“九锡”，是旧王朝的丧钟，新王朝的喜讯。参考四年）。然而，宫廷秘书长（尚书令）荀彧有不同的意见，他认为：“曹操当初，本是大义起兵，一心一意，辅佐政府，安定国家，忠贞诚恳，谦恭退让。君子爱人，应砥砺他的品德，不应采取这种行动。”曹操大不高兴。 等到曹操东征孙权，上书刘协，要求荀彧到前线劳军，荀彧走到谯县（豫州州政府所在县·安徽省亳州市），才赶上大营，曹操遂留下他，以宫廷随从（侍中）、特级国务官（光禄大夫）身份，“持节”，担任丞相府军事参议官（参丞相军事）。曹操大军推进到濡须（安徽省含山县西南），荀彧因病留在寿春（九江郡郡政府所在县·安徽省寿县），服下毒药，逝世。荀彧坚持大义，行为端正而又有智谋，喜爱推荐贤能，死讯传出，时人惋惜。 Sima Guang said: 孔丘对于仁爱十分重视，认为仲由、冉求、公西赤等一些杰出的门徒，以及楚王国宰相（令尹）斗子文、陈文子等一些杰出的封国官员，都没有资格担当。却单单的赞扬管仲，岂不是因为他辅佐姜小白，有恩德于人民？姜小白的行为，事实上跟猪狗没有分别，管仲并不认为羞辱，反而当他的助手，因为管仲了解：在当时，如果没有姜小白，人民就跳不出火坑！东汉王朝末年，天下大乱，人民涂炭，非有绝高的才干，不能拯救天下苍生。荀彧如果不追随曹操，还能追随谁？ 姜小白时代（前七世纪春秋时代），周王朝中央政府虽然衰弱，但比起东汉王朝末年（二世纪九〇年代之后），可是强大得多。二世纪九〇年代，四海动荡，东汉王朝中央政府已成了一个空壳，连一尺一寸土地，连一个人民，都不能管辖。荀彧辅佐曹操，使东汉王朝复兴，推荐任用贤能人才，训练武装部队，掌握机要，制定谋略，征伐四方，连获胜利。于是转弱为强，化乱为治，十分天下，占有八分，他的功勋，岂在管仲之下？然而，管仲不为姜纠而死，荀彧却为东汉王朝尽节，可看出他的仁德，又在管仲之上。 可是，杜牧竟认为：“荀彧劝曹操攻取兖州（山东省西部）时，就把曹操比做刘邦、刘秀；在官渡（河南省中牟县东北）劝阻曹操撤退时，也比为楚汉相争。等到大事已经完成，却企图在汉王朝留下声名，好像是教强盗小偷挖墙破柜，却炫耀他没有跟强盗小偷一同偷东西，难道他就不是强盗小偷？” 臣司马光认为：孔丘有言：“大话不根据事实，一定肤浅虚夸。”（“文胜质则史”，孔丘语）凡是写历史的人，记载历史人物的言辞，一定会加以修饰。把曹操比做刘邦、刘秀，楚、汉，是史学家的文字，怎么会是荀彧口中的话？用这个来贬责荀彧，并不是他的罪状。而且，假使曹操当了皇帝，荀彧就是开国功臣，跟萧何居于同等地位。荀彧不贪图这个富贵，却牺牲性命，去博取忠于汉王朝的名声，岂不是不近人情。 11、十二月，五诸侯星旁出现孛星。 12、左将军刘备，驻军葭萌（四川省广元市西南），庞统建议说：“现在，秘密派出精锐部队，昼夜不停地用双倍速度前进，直接袭击成都（益州州政府所在县·四川省成都市），刘璋（益州全权州长）既不懂军事，又从来没有防备，大军突然逼面，立即可以征服，这是上策。杨怀、高沛，是刘璋部下著名将领，各拥有强大的兵力，据守白水关（四川省广元市北朝天镇），听说多次上书刘璋，要求把将军（刘备）送返荆州（湖北省及湖南省）。你可以通知他，说荆州发生紧急情况，打算回军赴援，一面下令整顿行装，表示即将开拔。这两位既敬慕你的英明，而又高兴你终于离去，一定会只率少数卫士，前来晋见惜别。就乘此机会，把他们生擒，吞并他们的部队，径向成都进发，这是中策。不然的话，我们撤退到白帝（重庆市奉节县东），跟荆州联合，慢慢再决定方略，这是下策。如果犹豫不决，我们将被困在这里，不可能长久。” 刘备同意庞统的“中策”，正好曹操大军东征，孙权要求刘备回军援救。刘备遂写信给刘璋，说：“孙权跟我，唇齿相依。关羽的留守部队，十分微弱。如今不往救援，曹操一定夺取荆州，兵锋一转，势将侵犯益州边界，灾难远超过北方的张鲁（汉中郡郡长），张鲁不过一个自保的小贼，不足挂虑。”因而要求增加一万士兵和军需物资。刘璋只答应拨付四千人，军需物资随之减少一半。 刘备于是找到跟刘璋翻脸的借口，激怒他的部下说：“我们替益州讨伐强敌，殷勤劳苦，刘璋却如此吝啬，凭什么教我们将领卖命送死？”张松听到刘备要回荆州的消息，误以为是真的，写信给刘备及法正，说：“今天，大事就可以完成，为什么放弃？”张松的老哥、广汉郡郡长张肃恐怕一旦事发，连累自己，遂向刘璋告密。刘璋斩张松，下令各关隘守将，不准跟刘备交往。刘备老羞成怒，召见白水关驻军司令官（军督）杨怀、高沛，责备他们对客人重大冒犯，把二人诛杀；进逼关门，吞并二人手下的部队，据守涪城（四川省绵阳市）。 1、春季，正月，东汉王朝（首都许县）丞相曹操大举进攻濡须口（安徽省含山县西南），步骑兵混合兵团号称四十万，击破孙权江西（长江以西）大营，生擒司令官（都督）公孙阳。孙权亲率七万人的江东（江苏省南部太湖流域）兵团抵御。僵持一个月有余，曹操观察孙权的船舰、武器以及军队的严整，叹息说：“生儿子应该像孙权，至于刘表的儿子（刘琮），不过一只猪狗！”孙权写信给曹操，说：“春季已到，江河水势将涨（春季天暖，遍地冰解），阁下应该早早撤退。”另附一小纸条：“阁下不死，我不能安枕。”曹操告诉手下将领说：“孙权不欺骗我！”遂即班师。 2、正月三日，东汉帝（十四任献帝）刘协（本年三十三岁）下诏，把全国十四州合并成为九州岛（十四州：司隶、豫州、冀州、兖州、徐州、青州、荆州、扬州、益州、凉州、雍州、并州、幽州、交州。合并之后，撤销司隶、凉州、幽州、并州、交州，所属郡县，划归邻州。九州岛的位置面积，约略吻合上古的“禹贡九州岛”）。 3、夏季，四月，曹操返抵邺城（河北省临漳县西南邺镇）。 4、最初，曹操在谯县（安徽省亳州市）时，深恐沿长江一带郡县受孙权侵略，打算把居民强行迁移到内地。询问扬州（安徽省中部及江南地区）行政官（别驾）蒋济：“我从前跟袁绍在官渡（河南省中牟县东北）对抗时（参考一九九年、二〇〇年），强行迁移燕县（河南省延津县东北）、白马（河南省滑县）居民，住民仍聚集一起，没有走散，敌人也不敢掠夺。我如今打算强行迁移淮河以南居民，你以为如何？”蒋济回答说：“那时候，我们的军力弱，而敌人（袁绍）的军力强，如果不强行迁移，一定落入敌人之手。然而，自从击破袁绍以来，你的声威，震撼天下，人民信任中央，意志坚定，而且眷恋乡土，不愿离开，我恐怕将引起广泛的不安。”曹操不肯采纳，开始实施。人民互相传告，大为恐慌。西从庐江郡（安徽省寿县西南）、九江郡（安徽省寿县）、蕲春郡（湖北省蕲春县），东到广陵郡（江苏省扬州市），十余万户人家，全都渡过长江，投奔江东（江苏省南部太湖流域，孙权辖地），江西（安徽省中部巢湖流域）人烟一空。合肥（扬州州政府所在县·安徽省合肥市）以南，只剩下一个皖城（安徽省潜山县）还有居民。 蒋济后来因公前往邺城，曹操接见他，大笑说：“本来的目的是免得人民落入敌人（孙权）之手，想不到反而把他们全驱逐到敌人那里。”擢升蒋济当丹阳郡（安徽省宣州市）郡长（遥领）。 5、五月十日，中央政府指定冀州（黄河以北）的十个郡国（河东郡、河内郡、魏郡、赵国、中山国、常山郡、钜鹿郡、安平郡、甘陵郡、平原郡）作为曹操的采邑，称魏国，擢封曹操公爵——魏公，仍担任丞相兼冀州全权州长（牧），加“九锡”（参考四年），并赏赐：御车（大辂）、警卫车（戎辂）各一辆，黑色雄马八匹；龙袍龙帽，附带红色木屐；封国国君专用音乐跟六佾舞蹈（佾，音yi。佾舞，是一种方阵舞，纵横人数相等；纵八人横八人，称“八佾舞”，天子专用。纵六人横六人，称“六佾舞”，封国国君专用）；朱红色大门；从斜坡台阶登堂；武装卫士三百人；象征权威的大刀巨斧各一个；红色弓一把，红色箭一百支；黑色弓十把，黑色箭一千支；美酒（秬鬯）一坛，附带舀酒用的白玉杓瓢一只（参考五年王莽事迹）。 6、天降大雨。 7、益州参谋官、广汉郡（四川省广汉市）人郑度，听到刘备已发动攻击，对全权州长（牧）刘璋说：“刘备孤军深入，士卒不满一万人（刘备率领的荆州兵团，有两万多人，再加上刘璋增添，已达三万人。稍后吞并杨怀、高沛部队，益州兵即令奔散，荆州兵人数不会减少），裹胁或投降过去的部众，于心不服。尤其是刘备没有粮秣辎重，全靠劫掠。针对这个弱点，我们最好坚壁清野，把巴西郡（四川省阆中市）、梓潼（四川省梓潼县）一带人民，强行迁移到内水（涪江）以西，所有仓库存粮以及田野庄稼，全部放火焚毁。加高加厚所有城垒，挖深挖阔所有壕沟，安静的等待变化。刘备挑战，不作反应。他们得不到补给，不出一百天，一定逃走，等他们逃走时截击，可以生擒。 刘备听到这个可怕的战略，恐惧忧虑交集，请教法正，法正说：“刘璋不可能采用，不必担心。”刘璋果然对他的部属说：“我只听说抵抗敌人，安抚人民；从没有听说迫害人民，躲避敌人！”拒绝郑度的建议。 刘璋派部将刘璝、冷苞、张任、邓贤、吴懿等抵抗刘备，都被击败，退保绵竹（四川省德阳市北黄许镇）；吴懿投降。刘璋再派部将：大军保护总监（护军）南阳郡（河南省南阳市）人李严、江夏郡（湖北省武昌县西南金口镇）人费观统御绵竹各路兵马，李严、费观也率所领部队投降。刘备军容更盛，分别派出将领，夺取附近郡县。 刘璝、张任跟刘璋的儿子刘循，退守雒城（广汉郡郡政府所在城·四川省广汉市），刘备用大军包围，张任反攻，在雁桥（雒城东南）决战，大败，张任战死。 8、秋季，七月，魏国（首府邺城）开始建立天地祭坛（社稷），跟曹姓祖先祭庙。 9、魏公曹操，献出三个女儿给皇帝刘协，作为小老婆群第一级“贵人”（曹操三女：曹宪、曹节、曹华）。 10、最初，曹操追击马超时，抵达安定郡（甘肃省镇原县东南曙光乡），得到田银、苏伯叛变消息（参考去年正月），即行回军。凉州（应是雍州）州政府军事参议官（参凉州军事）杨阜，警告说：“马超有韩信、英布的英勇，而且得到羌人、胡人的信服。如果回军，而又不能严密防备，陇上（即陇西·陇山以西）各郡，恐怕不再隶属中央。” 曹操回军后，马超果然卷土重来，率羌胡兵团，攻击陇上各郡县，各郡县纷纷响应，只剩下一个冀城（甘肃省甘谷县），是州郡政府所在（雍州州政府及汉阳郡郡政府），单独固守。马超吞并陇右所有武装部队。据守汉中郡的张鲁，更派大将杨昂率军助战，共集结一万余人，围攻冀城，从正月围攻到八月，而救兵不至。凉州州长（刺史）韦康，派行政官（别驾）阎温，向驻屯长安（陕西省西安市）的征西大军保护总监（征西护军）夏侯渊告急，围兵数重，阎温乘夜从护城河游水而出。第二天，马超军发现水迹，顺着方向搜索，把阎温捕获。马超把阎温带到城下，命他告诉城中守军：“东方已无救兵！”阎温却向守军大喊说：“大军最多三天便到，各位努力。”城中守军感动流泪，高呼“万岁”！马超虽然大怒，只因攻城困难，太长时间无法攻破，乃慢慢劝说阎温，盼他改变主意。阎温说：“侍奉君主，只有一死，没有二心。阁下怎么能够使长者口出不义之言？”马超遂斩阎温。 然而，救兵毕竟不来，城中不能支持，州长韦康跟汉阳郡郡长打算投降。杨阜痛哭劝阻说：“我跟我的老爹以及我的兄弟子侄，用大义互相激励，只求一死，不作其他想法，为的是帮助二位长官坚守此城。今天为什么放弃就要建立的功业，而陷于叛逆恶名？”州长韦康、郡长都不能接受，遂开城门，迎接马超。马超既入城，诛杀韦康跟郡长；自称征西将军，兼并州（山西省中部）全权州长（牧）、凉州军区司令长官（督凉州军事）。 曹操命夏侯渊救援冀城，军锋未到，而冀城陷落。在距冀城二百余里处，马超迎战，夏侯渊不利，攻势受阻。而号称“氐王”的氐民族部落酋长千万叛变，响应马超，驻军兴国（甘肃省静宁县南）。夏侯渊撤回原防地。 正好，杨阜的妻子逝世，向马超请假安葬。杨阜妻兄天水郡（即汉阳郡·甘肃省甘谷县）人姜叙，当抚夷将军，驻军历城（甘肃省西和县北），杨阜见到姜叙跟姜叙娘亲，流泪唏嘘，至为悲伤，姜叙说：“什么事使你这个样子？”杨阜说：“守城而城陷落，长官（韦康）被杀而不能同死，还有什么面目活在人世？马超背叛父母君王，屠杀州长（韦康），岂是我一个人忧心？又岂是我一个人不能尽责？一州士大夫都有耻辱。你手握重兵，却没有讨伐叛逆的心，这正是赵盾所以被肯定为'弑君'的原因（晋国二十六任国君灵公姬夷皋暴虐，国务官赵穿在桃园之内，诛杀姬夷皋。当时，主持国政的赵盾在外，回来后，国史官写：“赵盾杀了他的国君。”赵盾说：“我岂跟这件事有关？”国史官回答：“你主持国政，出国时没走出国境；回国后又不惩罚凶手，不是你杀的，是谁杀的！”）。马超虽然强大，但无情无义，缺点太多，容易图谋。”姜叙的娘亲慨然说：“好了，姜叙！韦州长被杀，你也有责任，岂止杨阜？人，谁能不死，死于忠义，才是死得其所。你只管马上行动，不要管我。我自会为你小心，不会用我的余年使你牵肠挂肚！”姜叙遂跟同郡（天水郡）人赵昂、尹奉，武都郡（甘肃省成县）人李俊等，秘密磋商讨伐马超。又派人到冀城暗中结交安定郡人梁宽、南安郡（甘肃省陇西县东南）人赵衢，使他们在城中作为内应。马超命赵昂交出儿子赵月，当做人质，赵昂对妻子士异说：“我的密谋如此，事情一定可以成功，可是赵月怎么办？”士异郑重地说：“雪除长官的大耻，纵是砍头都不在意，何况一个儿子！” 九月，杨阜跟姜叙突击卤城（地望在今甘肃省天水市西北），赵昂、尹奉进驻祁山（甘肃省礼县东北），号召讨伐马超，马超听到消息，大怒。赵衢说出一套理由，请马超出城作战。等到马超一出冀城，赵衢跟梁宽立刻紧闭城门，把马超的妻子儿女，全部屠杀。马超陷于进退失据苦境，遂袭击历城，俘虏姜叙的娘亲，姜叙的娘亲诟骂说：“你这个背叛父母的逆子（指不顾父亲马腾身在邺城充当人质，仍要造反），杀害长官（指州长韦康）的恶贼，天地岂能长久容你？你不早死，怎么还敢见人？”马超把她诛杀，又诛杀赵昂的儿子赵月。 杨阜跟马超决战，身负五处重伤；马超终于大败，向南逃亡，投奔汉中郡郡长张鲁。张鲁任命马超当教育总监（都讲祭酒。张鲁是五斗米教，门徒都要学习李耳的，特设“都讲祭酒”高位，仅次于号称“师君”的张鲁）。张鲁打算把女儿嫁给马超，有人警告说：“有一种人，连爹娘都不爱，怎么能爱别人？”张鲁才打消这个念头。 曹操酬劳讨伐马超有功的官员，封侯爵的十一人，杨阜封关内侯（准侯爵）。 11、冬季，十一月，魏国建立政府，设政府秘书（尚书）、高级咨询官（侍中）、六部部长（六卿）。任命荀攸当政府秘书长（尚书令），凉茂（凉，姓）当政府秘书署执行官（仆射），毛玠、崔琰、常林、徐奕、何夔当政府秘书（尚书）。王粲、杜袭、卫觊、和洽当高级咨询官，钟繇当司法部长（大理），王修当农林部长（大司农），袁涣当宫廷禁卫官司令（郎中令）、代理最高监察长（行御史大夫事），陈群当总监察官（御史中丞。秦汉王朝的文官制度，至此开始改变，官名如昔，而职位却大不一样，宫廷秘书署脱离宫廷，成为政府的一个单位，以后更演变成中央最高权力机关——国务院，在国务院中，设立五部：⑴文官部、⑵民政部、⑶外务部、⑷军事部、⑸财政部。而宫廷随从也脱离宫廷，成为政府中的独立官员，负责政府咨询工作——到了大分裂时代，成为监督院最高监督长。） 袁涣得到的赏赐，全分散给别人，没有积蓄，家用不足时，就拿别人的，从不在乎小