With the strong support of the experienced Prime Minister Cao Cao, the Eastern Han Dynasty government finally stabilized.However, after Cao Cao's death, his son Cao Pi usurped power and established the Cao Wei Empire in the Central Plains; Liu Bei, a Miao descendant of the Eastern Han Dynasty, established the Shu Han Empire in Sichuan Province;The colorful "Three Kingdoms Era" appeared in this century. However, the "Three Kingdoms Era" lasted only sixty-one years. After the 1980s, the Jin Dynasty unified China, and in the 1990s, the "Eight Kings Rebellion" occurred, and the royal family was fratricide; the Chinese once again fell into pain—— — and more painful than ever.

1. In spring, the first month, Cao Cao, the chief inspector (Sikong) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital of Xu County), crossed the Yellow River to the north and blocked the Qi River to flow into Baigou (flowing through Hua County and Jun County in Henan Province) in order to transport military rations. (The Qi River flows through Chaoge, and at the Ruwei River, Cao Cao dug a canal manually to connect Nantong to the Yellow River and establish a water transportation system.) In February, Yuan Shang, the plenipotentiary governor (shepherd) of Jizhou (southern central Hebei Province), did not know that his death was imminent, and then launched an attack on Yuan Tan, the governor (inspector) of Qingzhou (northern Shandong Province), who was guarding Pingyuan (Pingyuan County, Shandong Province), and ordered The Ministry will examine and assign, and Su You will stay in Yecheng (the city where the Jizhou Prefecture Government is located, Southwest Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei Province).Cao Cao's army advanced to Huanshui (Huan, sound huan. Flowing through the south of Yecheng), Su You planned to act as an internal response, the conspiracy was leaked, and he fled to Cao Cao.Cao Cao then arrived at the foot of the city of Ye, piled up earth hills, dug tunnels, and launched a fierce attack.Yin Kai, the county magistrate of Wu'an (Wu'an City, Hebei Province) appointed by Yuan Shang, stationed troops in Maocheng (northwest of Shexian County, Hebei Province) to protect the grain road leading to Shangdang County (Changzi County, Shanxi Province).

In summer, in April, Cao Cao left Cao Hong to continue to attack Yecheng, personally led the army to attack Yin Kai, defeated Yin Kai and returned; he also attacked Yuan Shang general Juhu (son of Jushou) who was firmly guarding Handan (the capital of Zhao State, Handan City, Hebei Province) , Then fell to Handan. (Defeat Yin Kai, the western Bingzhou reinforcements and grain roads will be cut off; capture Handan, northern Youzhou reinforcements and grain roads will be cut off.) Han Fan, the magistrate of Yiyang (southeast of Yongnian County, Hebei Province), and Liang Qi, the magistrate of Shexian County (Shexian County, Hebei Province), surrendered the county seat.General Xu Huang suggested to Cao Cao, saying: "The two surnames of Yuan have not been eliminated. All counties are listening to how we treat these two surrendered figures. They should be specially rewarded and set as examples for other cities." Cao Cao accepted, and named Han Fan and Liang Qi Guannei Hou (quasi-Marquis).Zhang Yan (Chu Feiyan), the leader of the Black Mountain Bianmin Group (Taihang Mountain area), sent someone to ask for help, and Cao Cao appointed Zhang Yan as the General of Pingbei.

In May, Cao Cao changed his rush attack tactics, leveled the earth hills, filled the tunnels, and dug another trench, encircling the city of Ye for forty miles.At first the digging was shallow enough to wade through the water.When the judge saw it from the city, he laughed loudly, but did not send troops to destroy it.Then, Cao Cao dug a river bed two feet wide and two feet deep overnight, and channeled the water from the Zhang River (which flows through the west of Yecheng) into it.Yecheng was completely cut off from the outside world, and not a grain of grain could enter the city. Famine broke out in the city, and more than half of the people starved to death.

In autumn and July, Yuan Shang led an army of more than 10,000 people back to rescue Yecheng, but before they arrived, he planned to teach the city lord and general Shenpei to know the external situation. ) Li Fu entered the city to report.Li Fu cut a baton and hung it next to the saddle. He wore a military officer's turban and led three cavalry guards. He arrived at the city in the evening and claimed to be the commander. He entered Cao Cao's barracks from the north and followed the signs to patrol eastward. , all the way to put on airs, constantly scolding the besieging soldiers, who encountered fouls, were punished according to the severity of the violations, then passed through the camp, arrived at the Zhengnan Gate in the south of Yecheng—opposite Zhangmen, and became furious at the soldiers in charge of besieging the gate. Tie them up.Then he opened the gate of the camp, galloped to the bottom of the city, and shouted to the city.The defenders lowered the rope and hoisted Li Fu up. (Hu Sansheng's note: "If you don't pass through the camp area first, the soldiers in charge of enclosing the gate will definitely become suspicious, and it is impossible to accept the bondage; if you don't accept the bondage, the camp gate cannot be opened. When Li Fu set off, he had decided to enter through the south gate.") When the judge saw Li Fu, they were full of grief and joy, cheered and shouted long live. The besiegers reported to Cao Cao. Cao Cao laughed and said, "He not only entered the city, but also left the city!" impersonate.Please judge and assign all the old and weak in the city to be expelled from the city to save food.At night, thousands of people were selected, each holding a white flag, and surrendered from the three city gates in the south—Fengyang Gate, Zhang Gate (Zhongyang Gate), and Guangyang Gate.Li Fu and three cavalry guards put on the clothes of descendants, mixed in the crowd, sneaked out by night, and broke through the encirclement.

After Yuan Shang's army arrived at the city of Yecheng, Cao Cao's generals all believed that in the face of "returning to the division", everyone will fight to the death, and they cannot resist, so it is better to avoid it. ("Sun Tzu's Art of War": "Don't stop the army when returning to the army, there will be shortages when encircling the army, and the poor should not pursue it." That is, the army returning to the base must not be stopped. The army that surrounds the enemy's city must leave a gap for the enemy to escape. There is no way out. Do not chase after him.”) Cao Cao said: “If Yuan Shang comes from the main road, we will avoid it; if he comes along the western mountains (the mountains to the west of Yecheng), we can overwhelm him with one blow. (Hu Sansheng's note: "From the great road, people have the heart to save their roots, regardless of victory or defeat, and have the will to die; come from the mountains, they can advance or retreat, have the willingness to rely on danger to protect themselves, and do not swear to die Cao Cao’s judgment of Yuan Shang was an opportunity to observe the enemy’s actions in the art of war.”) And Yuan Shang really went south along the West Mountain and arrived at Yangping Pavilion in the east of the city, seventeen miles away from Yecheng, close to Fushui (Fuyang River ) set up camp. At night, a beacon was lit to inform the defenders in the city, and a beacon was lit in the city to respond. Shenpei led the army to open the north gate and go out of the city, preparing to attack Yuan Shang inside and outside, and disintegrate Cao Cao's encircling troops. Cao Cao immediately attacked Shenpei, and Shenpei Unable to resist, retreated back to the city. Cao Cao attacked Yuan Shang again, Yuan Shang was defeated, and retreated to the turn of the Zhang River to build a camp. Cao Cao ordered the army to encircle, but the encirclement was not completed, Yuan Shang was heartbroken and dared not fight again, so he sent someone to see Cao Cao. Asked to surrender, Cao Cao refused, and the attack became more violent. Yuan Shang fled by night, according to Baoqi Mountain (west of Anyang City, Henan Province), Cao Cao marched to surround him again, Yuan Shang's generals Ma Yan, Zhang and others surrendered before the battle, and Yuan Shang's corps collapsed instantly. Yuan Shang fled to Zhongshan State (the capital Lunu).

Cao Cao received all the luggage from Yuan Shang's camp, and got Yuan Shang's seal, talisman, axe, clothes and utensils (in addition to the talisman and axe, there were also the seal of the Supreme Commander, the seal of the Marquis of Wei Township, and the helmet 19,620 One, bow, arrow, shield, halberd, innumerable), holding them and showing them to the city, the morale of the defenders collapsed.But the judge was still dying, and the order said: "It doesn't matter, we will stick to it to the death. Cao Cao's army is exhausted. Youzhou (northern Hebei Province) rescue troops are on the way (referring to Yuan Xi's army, governor of Youzhou), and we still worry about not having a master to lead us." ?” Cao Cao went out of the camp to inspect the position, and the examiner and assistant ambushed a strong bow to snipe, and almost hit him.

Shen's nephew, Shen Rong, served as the defense officer of the East Gate (Jianchun Gate) of Yecheng (Dongmen Xiaowei).On the night of August 2, Shenrong opened the city gate privately to welcome Cao Cao's army into the city; Shenpei was captured in street fighting.Xin Ping's family was originally imprisoned in the prison, and Xin Pichi went to the prison to rescue them. They had already been massacred by the interrogator, and the whole family died.Cao Cao's subordinates tied up the judge and escorted him to the camp. Simpi whipped him on the head with a horsewhip and scolded him, "Slave, you are doomed today." Things broke Jizhou, I wish I could kill you. Besides, you have the right to teach me to live and die today!" After a while, Cao Cao heard about it and said to the judge: "I inspected the front line the day before yesterday, your There are so many bows and arrows!" The judge said: "I still hate the few!" Cao Cao said: "You are loyal to the Yuan family, so you have to do so." He intends to forgive him.However, the judge was very high-spirited and never said a word of submission.Simpi and others cried and asked for revenge, so Cao Cao executed the judge.Zhang Ziqian, a native of Jizhou, had already surrendered. He had always been hostile to Shenpei. He smiled at Shenpei and said, "Brother, how are you better than me?" Live?" Before the execution, he scolded the executioner, turned himself to face north, and said, "My master (Yuan Shang) is in the north."

Bo Yang said: Shenpei reprimanded Simpi: "It is because of you that Jizhou was broken!" It seems reasonable; however, it was not Xinpi who broke Jizhou, but precisely these things.Shenpei is well-known as a think tank, but he has continuously contributed some of the worst ideas to his master Yuan Shao, attacking Jushou, the only one who can save Jizhou, and violated the patriarchal system of eldest son succession at that time, ostracized Yuan Tan, supported Yuan Shang, and provoked serious The struggle to seize the heirloom made the inside die first.If it weren't for his Excellency's hard work, how could there be future development?But he beat back, hoping to leave an image of loyalty.

Judgment is nothing more than a petty politician with a passion for selfish desires. The massacre of the whole family surnamed Xin proves that although he is gentle on the surface, he is actually a thug.Of course, it is one level higher than begging for mercy after being captured, but it is only one level higher, and it cannot offset his evil deeds of subverting Jizhou and Yuan Shao's family. 2. Cao Cao personally went to pay homage to Yuan Shao's tomb, wept bitterly, comforted Yuan Shao's wife, returned Yuan's family's gold and silver treasures, sent silks, satins and cloth, and the government provided living expenses.

At the beginning, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao raised troops to attack Dong Zhuo together (refer to 190). Yuan Shao asked Cao Cao: "If the big event fails, where can we defend?" Cao Cao said: "What do you mean?" Yuan Shao said: "I am south of the The Yellow River, relying on Yan (northern Hebei Province) and Dai (northern Shanxi Province) in the north, can accommodate the barbarians and seize power in the south. Wouldn’t it be possible to succeed?” Cao Cao said: “I don’t care about the land, but only gather the best talents from all over the world. anywhere." In September, Emperor Liu Xie (24 years old) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the 14th Emperor Xiandi) issued an edict to appoint Cao Cao and the full-power governor of Jizhou.Cao Cao then resigned from the position of governor of Yanzhou. At first, Yuan Shang ordered the staff officer (in charge) of Anping State (capital Xindu) to lead Zhao (lead, surname) to Shangdang County to supervise the transportation of military supplies, but before returning, Yuan Shang fled to Zhongshan State (capital Lunu).Qianzhao persuaded the governor (inspector) of Bingzhou (central Shanxi Province) to welcome Yuan Shang, combine the two forces, guard Bingzhou together, and observe the changes, but the senior officials refused.Qianzhao then defected to Cao Cao, and Cao Cao ordered Qianzhao to still serve as the staff officer of the Jizhou government. Cao Cao hired Cui Yan as an administrative officer (don't drive), and said to Cui Yan: "Looking at the household registration yesterday, we can recruit 300,000 people. Jizhou is worthy of being a big state." "Yu Gong" Kyushu Island), falling apart, the two Yuan brothers killed each other, the people of Jizhou, their bones were exposed in the wilderness. I didn't hear the central government's master Wang, condolences to the suffering of the people, and rescued them from the fire pit, but they were preoccupied Armed force, putting armed force first, is this what the people of our state (Jizhou) expect from you?" Cao Cao apologized earnestly. Relying on his merits (referring to the Battle of Wuchao, refer to October 200), Xu You had an arrogant attitude. He once called Cao Cao's nickname in the public and said: "A man, if it weren't for me, you wouldn't be able to take Jizhou!" Cao Cao smiled and said, "Of course." But he was very unhappy.Later, Xu You was killed. 3. In winter, in October, Bo star appears next to Dongjing star. 4. Gao Gan sacrificed Bingzhou and surrendered to Cao Cao. Cao Cao appointed Gao Gan to continue to serve as governor of Bingzhou. 5. At the beginning, when Cao Cao besieged Yecheng (Ye Town in the southwest of Linzhang County, Hebei Province), Yuan Tan, governor of Qingzhou who had surrendered to Cao Cao, took the opportunity to rebel and dispatched troops to capture Ganling State (the capital of Ganling), Anping State, and Bohai County ( Nanpi County, Hebei Province), Hejian State (the capital Lecheng); and attacked Zhongshan State where Yuan Shang was defending.Yuan Tan took over all Yuan Shang's troops and returned to garrison Longcou (east of Pingyuan County, Shandong Province).Cao Cao wrote to Yuan Tan, accusing him of betraying his oath and announcing the severance of marriage.After Yuan Tan's daughter was sent back (Cao Cao married Yuan Tan's daughter for his son Cao Zheng, refer to October last year), then the army began to attack. In December, Cao Cao arrived at Qimen (now unknown), Yuan Tan withdrew from Pingyuan (Yuan Tan's headquarters, Pingyuan County, Shandong Province), retreated to Nanpi (the county where the county government of Bohai County is located), and moved along the Qinghe River (which flows through Nanpi County) West) arm.Cao Cao entered the plain and captured the surrounding counties. 6. Cao Cao recommended and appointed (table) Gongsun Du, the county magistrate of Liaodong County (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province) as General Wuwei, and granted the title of Marquis of Yongning Township.Gongsun Du said: "I have become the king of Liaodong, Yongning is a fart!" (Gongsun Du claimed to be the Marquis of Liaodong, the full-power governor of Pingzhou, and regarded himself as an independent kingdom. Refer to 190.) Send the seal issued by the central government to Ordnance Library (Arsenal) custody, simply ignore.This year, Gongsun Du passed away, and his son Gongsun Kang succeeded to the throne, granting the title of Marquis of Yongning Township to his younger brother Gongsun Gong. Yuan Shao once appointed Qianzhao as the commander of the Wuhuan cavalry commando (leading the Wuhuan Tuqi), so Cao Cao sent Qianzhao to Liucheng (southeast of Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province) to appease the Wuhuan tribe.Just in time, King Wuhuan Qiao mobilized 5,000 cavalry troops, planning to go south to aid Yuan Tan.Gongsun Kang also happened to send an envoy Han Zhong to send King Qiao a seal of "Acting Shan Yu".King Qiao hesitated to make a decision, so he convened a meeting of chiefs and invited Han Zhong to his seat.King Qiao asked Qianzhao and said: "In the past, Yuan Shao said that I was ordered by the emperor to teach me to be a Chanyu; but now, Cao Cao said that he would invite the emperor to teach me to be a real Chanyu; Liaodong sent someone to send a seal letter. ;Everyone is confident, who is the real one?" Qianzhao said: "In the past, Yuan Shao issued an imperial edict (inheritance system) on behalf of the emperor, but because he later violated the emperor's will, he was replaced by Cao Cao; I entitle you to be the real Chanyu. Liaodong is only a remote third-class county, what qualifications do you have to be a knight or an official?" Han Zhong said: "We in Liaodong, in the east of the Canghai (Bohai), have millions of soldiers and Fuyu. The support of the Kingdom (Changtu County, Liaoding Province) and the tribe (the eastern part of the Korean Peninsula). Now in this world, only the strong count, how dare Cao Cao be the only one who respects me?” Qianzhao scolded loudly: “Cao Cao is wise and protects the emperor; Rebellion and crusade, gentleness to obedience, peace in the four seas. You small group of officers and soldiers, stubborn and arrogant, relying on the dangerous frontier, defying the central government, and intending to appoint officials and titles without authorization, playing with the emperor, should be punished according to the law, how dare you insult the central government? Official (referring to Cao Cao)?" He grabbed Han Zhong's hair, slammed it into the ground, drew out his saber, and was about to chop it off.King Qiao was taken aback, he didn't have time to put on his shoes, he ran up barefoot, hugged his lead, and begged for Han Zhong's pardon.Only then did he return to his seat, and he analyzed success and failure, good and bad, and good fortune to King Qiao.Everyone left their seats and knelt down to accept orders from the central government.Then he sent back the Liaodong envoy and ordered the 5,000 cavalry to aid Yuan Tan to stop their departure. 7. The commander of the Danyang County (Xuanzhou City, Anhui Province) military region (Danyang Metropolitan Governor) Gui Lan (妫, surname, sound gui), the commander of the Danyang County (Xuanzhou City, Anhui Province) military region to which General Sun Quan belonged, and Dai Yuan, the director secretary of the Danyang County Government (Jun Cheng), assassinated the county Chang Sun Yi (Sun Yi is Sun Quan's younger brother. Gui Lan and Dai Yuan are Sheng Xian's henchmen. When Sheng Xian was the governor of Wu County, he recommended Gui Lan and Dai Yuan as "filial piety"; later, Sheng Xian was killed by Sun Quan , Gui Lan and Dai fled to hide in the mountains; since Sun Yi was the sheriff of Danyang County and hired them to take up their current positions, the two took the opportunity to avenge the old Lord Sheng Xian. At the end of the dynasty, the intellectuals were shameless in singing praises to Wang Mang, and tried their best to advocate a kind of "integrity" and "righteousness" that would not yield to the powerful, one of which was absolute loyalty to the benefactor. The scholar-officials treated the officials who recommended him or hired him like Japanese samurai European knights, like their benefactors, not only have to take risks and suffer hardships for their benefactors, but also sacrifice their lives for their benefactors. Like Zang Hong, who only advocated supremacy for Yuan Shao’s failure to save him, he betrayed Yuan Shao; Sun Ce; Ju Shou still wanted to flee after being captured by Cao Cao. The assassination of Sun Yi by Gui Lan and Dai Yuanzhi is a kind of "integrity" of loyalty to the benefactor. Can no longer be half-hearted).General Sun He, stationed in the capital (Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province), immediately rushed to Wanling (the county where the Danyang county government is located), Gui Lan and Dai Yuan attacked Sun He again; sent people to meet Yangzhou appointed by the central government (Cao Cao) Governor Liu Fu (the Yangzhou state government established Hefei at that time, refer to October 200), asked Liu Fu to lead the army to Liyang (Hexian County, Anhui Province), and Danyang County could respond (Liyang was in the north of the Yangtze River, and Danyang was in Changjiang Jiangnan, separated by a river). Gui Lan moved to live in the county government (until the early twentieth century, the private residence of the local government head was in the backyard of the government office), and found that Sun Yi's wife, Ms. Xu, was beautiful, so she insisted on marrying Ms. Xu; The lady couldn't resist, so she had to pretend to promise and said, "My husband just died, so I can't get married right away. Please wait until the end of this month, after I pay my respects, take off my mourning clothes, and then you can decide." Gui Lan agreed.Ms. Xu secretly contacted Sun Gao and Fu Ying, Sun Yi's cronies, and asked for help. Sun Gao and Fu Ying were moved and promised in tears, and made a secret alliance with more than 20 guards and warriors around Sun Yi, and the arrangements were made properly. At the end of the month, Ms. Xu set up an incense table and cried to her deceased husband.After the crying ceremony is over, they immediately take off their mourning clothes, take a bath and change their clothes, and put on a bright bridal attire.Civil and military officials of the county government saw this change, feeling sad and shocked.GUI Lan sent someone to spy secretly, and found that Ms. Xu really remarried, so she stopped being suspicious and relaxed her guard.At this time, Ms. Xu had secretly hidden Sun Gao and Fu Ying in the bedroom, and then sent someone to invite GUI Lan into the room.GUI Lan went happily, and Ms. Xu came out to pay her respects, and just as she bowed down, she suddenly shouted: "You two generals, you can do it now!" Sun Gao and Fu Ying jumped out and killed Gui Lan on the spot; the other guards were outside Tinger kills Dai Yuan.Ms. Xu took off her colorful clothes and changed into mourning clothes; she cut off the heads of Gui Lan and Dai Yuan, and took them to Sun Yi's grave to pay homage.When the news came out, the whole army was shocked. Sun Quan received a report of the incident in Jiaoqiu (northeast of Xinjian County, Jiangxi Province), and immediately returned to the army. When he arrived in Danyang, he executed Gui Lan and the remaining party members Dai.Promote Sun Gao and Fu Ying to be camp gate officers (Ya gate generals).Other meritorious officials are rewarded according to their rank. Sun He's son, Sun Shao, who is only seventeen years old, recruited his father Sun He's old troops to guard the capital.Sun Quan led his army back to Wu County, and when they passed the capital, it was already night. In order to test Sun Shao's ability and courage, he ordered a fake attack, and the drums and drums thundered and shouted in unison.Sun Shao's troops immediately boarded the city, delivered orders, were heavily guarded, and their voices shook the world, and they shot defensively.Sun Quan sent someone to identify himself, and the city stopped.After dawn, he summoned Sun Shao and appointed him as Commander Chenglie (Captain Chenglie) to lead his father Sun He's troops. 1. In spring, the first month, Cao Cao, the chief inspector (Sikong) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital of Xu County), attacked Nanpi, the base of Yuan Tan, the governor (inspector) of Qingzhou (northern Shandong Province) (the county where the government of Bohai County is located, Nanpi, Hebei Province) county).Yuan Tan fought to the death, and Cao Cao's army suffered heavy casualties. He planned to retreat a little to slow down the offensive.Counselor (Yi Lang) Cao Chun (Cao Ren's younger brother) said: "Our army goes deep alone, and it is difficult to maintain it for too long. If we cannot defeat the enemy immediately, once we retreat, our morale will be lost." Cao Cao then personally beat the drums and launched a fierce attack , Nanpi City was broken, Yuan Tan fled, Cao Cao's army chased and beheaded Yuan Tan. Li Fu claimed to be the chief secretary (master book) of the Jizhou (central and southern part of Hebei Province) state government. He met with Cao Cao and suggested: "Nowadays, in Nanpi City, the strong kill the weak, and the weak resist the strong. Those who are trusted by the people under the old regime are responsible for communication." Cao Cao immediately assigned Li Fu to take on this task.Li Fu entered the city and announced the policy of the central government to allow the people to continue their normal life and not allow each other to invade each other; social order was gradually restored.Cao Cao executed Guo Tu and their wives. (Hu Sansheng's original note: "Guo Tu and Shenpei, each clinging to each other, instigated Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang to fight each other, causing a war, and cleared the obstacles on the road for Cao Cao to drive straight in. Since both Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang were injured, Guo Tu and Shenpei were also killed. , Misfortune and fortune retribution, experience is not good.") Yuan Tan once sent Wang Xiu to Le'an (southeast of Gaoqing County, Shandong Province) to supervise the transportation of grain and fodder. On the way, he heard that Nanpi (Nanpi County, Hebei Province) was in an emergency, and led his troops back for reinforcements. County), received the news that Yuan Tan was killed, dismounted and cried loudly, saying: "The benefactor is dead, where should I go?" Seeing Cao Cao, he asked for the burial of Yuan Tan's body. Cao Cao approved, and still sent Wang Xiu to Le'an to supervise the transportation fodder.All the cities that Yuan Tan belonged to surrendered, but Guan Tong, the governor of Le'an County, still stood firm.Cao Cao ordered Wang Xiu to attack Guan Tong and behead him.Wang Xiu believed that Guan Tong was a loyal minister. After capturing Guan Tong, he untied him from the ropes and ordered him to meet Cao Cao.Cao Cao was overjoyed, pardoned Guan Tong, and appointed Wang Xiu as Secretary of the Supreme Supervision Office (Sikong Yu). Guo Jia, a think tank, suggested that Cao Cao should hire a large number of well-known people from Qingzhou, Jizhou, Youzhou (northern Hebei Province), and Bingzhou (central Shanxi Province) as government officials to win people's hearts.Cao Cao adopted it.During the battle of Guandu (northeast of Zhongmu County, Henan Province) (refer to 200), Yuan Shao ordered his secretary Chen Lin to write the "Comment on Crusading Cao Cao"; , Do everything possible to slander and uglify. (The statement said: "Cao Teng, the grandfather of Supreme Inspector General Cao Cao, was originally a eunuch who served in the bedroom. He belonged to the same generation of monsters as the notorious Zuo Kui and Xu Huang. His father, Cao Song, was originally a beggar. He was raised by the Cao family. He used the money he obtained through corruption and perverting the law to buy officials and ranks, climb to high positions, load gold and silver treasures on vehicles, and transport them to the homes of powerful people; The power of the government is trying to overthrow the government. Cao Cao himself is an ugly creature left over from the evil and castrated eunuchs. He has neither character nor morality, is cunning and arrogant, pretends to be chivalrous, loves chaos, and is happy to see disaster." ) When Yuan Shao failed, Chen Lin returned to Cao Cao. Cao Cao asked him: "You wrote the proclamation for Yuan Shao, and you could only attack me. Why did you attack my ancestors?" Chen Lin pleaded guilty and asked for forgiveness. Lin's answer was: "The arrow is on the string, we have to send it!" Cao Cao laughed), and appointed Chen Lin and Ruan Yu from Chenliu County (Chenliu Town, southeast of Kaifeng City, Henan Province) to serve as clerks (recorders) of the Supreme Supervision Office at the same time. Bo Yang said: Many people seldom have the courage to admit their mistakes whenever they are forced by facts or reason to be irrefutable. Instead, they abandon the subject, slander things outside the subject, such as morality and private life, and then prove the facts held by the other party Not the truth, the truth held is not the truth. This is the usual method of "fighting stink". Cao Cao condemned this behavior 1,500 years ago and said: "You can only attack me, why attack my ancestors?" For more than a thousand years, everyone is used to this This kind of means pours out at every turn.When Zhang San insisted that black is black and white is white, Li Si only needs to "reveal" that he once studied in Japan, and his reactionary thinking of the eternal line of emperors is enough to overthrow Zhang San, and establish black is white, black and white. White is black theory of progress. This is related to the loss of thinking ability and appreciation ability.If everyone can hold on to the theme tightly, and the means of fighting bad smells will not be rewarded—even if there are bad rewards, they will disappear.Otherwise, we will always be controlled by emotions, lost in the mire, revolving around the facts, and forever away from the facts. 2. Previously, Wang Song from Yuyang County (Miyun County, Beijing) was in charge of Zhuo County (Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province). Liu Fang, a native of Zhuo County, persuaded Wang Song to sacrifice Zhuo County and surrender to Cao Cao. Cao Cao hired Liu Fang as the military officer of the Supreme Supervision Office Senate Officer (Referring to the Air Force). 3. Yuan Xi, governor of Youzhou, was attacked by his subordinate generals Jiao Chu and Zhang Nan, and fled to Tadun, chieftain of the Wuhuan tribe in Liaoxi County (west of Yixian County, Liaoning Province) with his younger brother Yuan Shang. Jiao Chu claimed to be the governor of Youzhou, and coerced the chiefs of all counties and counties to betray Yuan Xi and surrender to Cao Cao.Jiao Touch assembled tens of thousands of armed forces, made an oath to kill the white horse, and ordered: "Anyone who disobeys will be killed." Everyone was afraid and did not dare to raise their heads, so they smeared their lips with horse blood in order.The administrative officer of the state government (Don’t drive) Han Heng (sound Heng) from Daijun (Yu County, Hebei Province) said: “I have received the kindness of Yuan’s father and son, and now Yuan’s family is ruined. My wisdom cannot save me, and my courage cannot die. If the wind turns the rudder again, I will serve Cao Cao and never give in." All the people present turned pale.Jiao Chu said: "Initiating major events should establish righteousness. Success or failure does not depend on one person's will. Han Heng's wishes should be fulfilled and loyal people should be encouraged." Let Han Heng leave freely.After Jiao Touch and others returned to Cao Cao, they were all made Marquis. 4. In summer and April, Zhang Yan (Chu Feiyan), the leader of the Black Mountain Bianmin (Taihang Mountain area), led more than 100,000 of his tribe to surrender to Cao Jiang.The central government appointed Zhang Yan as the Marquis of An Guoting (in April last year, Zhang Yan was appointed General Pingbei). 5. Zhao Du and Huo Nu from Gu'an (southeast of Yixian County, Hebei Province) beheaded the governor of Youzhou and the governor of Zhuojun (the names are not recorded, but at this time the governor of Youzhou should be Jiaochu, and the governor of Zhuojun should be Wang Song).The Wuhuan tribe in the three counties (Nanlou, the chief of Shanggu County, Su Puyan, the chief of Liaodong County, and Wuyan, the chief of Youbeiping County. Refer to the spring of 1999), attacked the right-wing frontier commander of northern Xinjiang (General Du Liao on the right) Xianyufu (Refer to 200) The guarded Luping (northeast of Miyun County, Beijing). In autumn and August, Cao Cao attacked Zhao Du and others, beheading Zhao Du.Crossing the Lushui River to reinforce Junping, the Wuhuan tribe of the three counties rescued the siege and withdrew from the fortress. 6. In winter, in October, Gao Gan, governor of Bingzhou (in Jinyang, where the government of Bingzhou is located at the time), received news of Cao Cao's crusade against the Wuhuan tribe in the three counties. Guard Huguankou (east of Changzhi City, Shanxi Province).Cao Cao ordered Le Jin and Li Dian to attack.Hanoi County (Wuzhi County, Henan Province) changed people's leader Zhang Sheng, with more than 10,000 people, robbing and looting between Xiaoshan (southeast of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province) and Mianchi (west of Mianchi County, Henan Province).Zhang Yan, the leader of the mutinies in Hongnong County (northeast of Lingbao County, Henan Province), gathered a crowd to raise troops and echoed Zhang Sheng. Wang Yi, the governor of Hedong County (Xia County, Shanxi Province), was transferred back to the central government; Wei Gu, the secretary of the county government (Junjian), and Fan Xian, the commander of the royal guard (General Zhonglang), were presented to the commander of the Gyeonggi General Garrison (Division Li Xiaowei) Zhong Yao asked to keep Wang Yi, but Zhong Yao refused.On the surface, Wei Gu and others asked to retain Wang Yi, but in fact they secretly conspired with Gao Gan.After Cao Cao got the information, he asked Xun Yu, a think tank, for advice: "The generals in Guanxi (to the west of Hangu Pass) seem to be attached to each other, but they have two ambitions in their hearts. Zhang Sheng launched a guerrilla war between Xiaoshan and Mianchi, and went south to fight against Jingzhou. (Hubei Province and Hunan Province) Governor Liu Biao (who was in Xiangyang at the time) colluded. Wei Gu took this opportunity and may cause us great harm. In today's situation, Hedong County (Xia County, Shanxi Province) is the most important place in the world. I am looking for a talented person to guard." Xun Yu said: "Du Ji, the county magistrate of Xiping County (Xining City, Qinghai Province), and a native of Jingzhao (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), is brave enough to bear disasters and resourceful enough to deal with changes. .” Cao Cao then transferred Du Ji to be the governor of Hedong County.Zhong Yao urged Wang Yi to hand it over, and Wang Yi took the county magistrate's seal and went directly from Hebei County (Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province) to the capital Xu County (east of Xuchang City, Henan Province) to pay. Wei Gu and others dispatched thousands of troops to cut off the Shanjin Ferry (Southwest Taiyang Ferry, Pinglu County, Shanxi Province. The opposite bank is Sanmenxia City, Henan Province).When Du Ji reached the south bank of the Yellow River, he could not cross the river for several months.Cao Cao sent Xiahou Dun to attack Wei Gu and others. The army was still in the middle. Du Ji said: "There are 30,000 households in Hedong County, and not all of them rebelled. If you use a large army to force each other, the tense situation will already be established. Although you want to do good deeds wholeheartedly. , but no leader, must obey Wei Gu because of excessive fear, Wei Gu and other forces will become stronger instead. If the crusade against him fails to win, the disaster will not end; if the crusade against him wins, the people of the county will be traumatized. Moreover, Wei Gu They did not openly turn against the central government. Although they mobilized a large army, they apparently asked the old chief to stay in office. Under such circumstances, the new chief would not be murdered. I took a carriage and went directly to the county government as they expected. Take office. Wei Gu is a man with many strategies but lacks decisiveness, so he must first pretend to accept him. Just give me a month and use tactics to stabilize him, and that will be enough!" Jindu crossing is 22 kilometers away from Western Airlines. 郖, sound dou) crosses the Yellow River. Fan Xian, the commander of the royal guard, had a strong attitude and planned to kill Du Ji in order to coerce the troops; but finally decided: use oppression to force Du Ji to leave voluntarily.So, at the gate of the county government, more than 30 people below the secretary were killed.Du Ji talked and laughed, as usual.Wei Gu said: "Killing Du Ji is not beneficial, it will only bring bad reputation, and he is already under our control." He allowed Du Ji to become the county magistrate.Du Ji said to Wei Gu and Fan Xian: "The Wei family and the Fan family are two prominent families in Hedong County. I am a foreigner, so I just approve your decision. However, there is righteousness between the chief and his subordinates. We share, we bear the burden of misfortune, and we should discuss together when encountering major events." Appoint Wei Gu as the commander of the army of the county government (dudu), acting chief secretary (Xing Chengshi), and personnel officer (meritorious officer).The more than 3,000 armed forces were all under Fan Xian's command.Wei Gu and others were overjoyed, and on the surface they respected Du Ji, but they didn't take him seriously.Wei Gu planned to expand the conscription, Du Ji was worried, and said to Wei Gu: "If the scope of conscription is expanded, the people will be panicked and rioted. It is better to use recruits to gradually increase their strength." Wei Gu thought it was reasonable and accepted this suggestion, and Few soldiers were recruited.Du Ji also persuaded Wei Gu, saying: "It is human nature to care about the family. Generals and civilian officials may wish to take turns to take vacations. It is not difficult to recruit in case of emergency." fully accepted.So, the good people are outside, helping each other secretly; the evil people are scattered and return to their respective homes. Soon, the Baiqi Bianmin Group (since the Yellow Turban Uprising, Zhang Baiqi’s generation raised troops in the mountains one after another. The records of this group of Bianmin in the history books are very brief) attacked Dongyuan (Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province); Bingzhou Governor Gao Gan, stationed in Luize (west of Yangcheng County, Shanxi Province).Du Ji knew that several counties belonged to him, so he stepped forward and led dozens of cavalry alone to defend the city.Officials and people in several counties responded one after another, and in just a few dozen days, more than 4,000 people have gathered.Wei Gu and others openly joined forces with Gao Gan and Zhang Sheng to attack Duji, but they could not conquer it; they turned to nearby counties to rob grain and fodder, but they got nothing. Cao Cao sent counselor (Yi Lang) Zhang Ji to enlist generals stationed in Guanzhong (central part of Shaanxi Province), Ma Teng, general Andi, and others to join forces to attack Zhang Sheng and others. Pardon the rest of the party. Du Ji governed Hedong County, and everything was lenient.For people's lawsuits, the law is not used, but only the righteousness is analyzed for them, and they are taught to go home and think about their mistakes; the elders blame each other and dare not sue.Du Ji encouraged the people to cultivate fields and grow mulberries, and encouraged them to raise livestock and pasture in the fields, so that every family became rich.Then, they set up schools, praised those who were filial to their parents and loved their brothers, built fortifications, and strengthened combat training, so that Hedong County was safe.Du Ji has been in Hedong County for 16 years, and his political achievements often rank first in the country. (Du Ji's son is Du Shu, and Du Shu's son is Du Yu. Hu Sanxing's original note said: "The Du family, in the Cao Wei Empire and the Jin Dynasty, was a high-ranking official for several generations. There must be a family biography, and the history books are copied. It’s an exaggeration.”) 7. Royal Librarian (Secretary Superintendent), Court Attendant (Servant) Xun Yue ("Secretary Supervision" was established in 158 when Emperor Huan Liu Zhi was the eleventh emperor. At first, he only managed books, collated and corrected mistakes, with an annual salary of 600 shi, and later His status gradually became more and more important), he wrote five pieces of "Shen Jian" and reported it to Emperor Liu Xie.Xun Yue is the nephew of Xun Shuang (Xun Shu's son).At that time, the central authority was in the hands of Cao Cao, the chief inspector (Sikong), and the emperor just sat there respectfully.Xun Yue hoped to make positive achievements, but his views could not be realized, so he had to write a book to explain them.It probably means: "The main method of governing the world is to first eliminate the 'four troubles' and then implement the 'five policies'. Hypocrisy corrupts customs; selfishness corrupts the rule of law; debauchery corrupts normal order; unscrupulous behavior corrupts the system. If these four phenomena are not eliminated,政令根本无法推行，谓之'四患'。振兴农业照顾人民生活，分辨善恶挽救人心堕落，推广教育提高文化水平，建立武力支持中央威信，公平赏罚维持法律尊严，谓之'五政'。 “人民如果不怕死，就不怕犯法有罪；人民如果不觉得生活快乐，就不会去做善事。所以，在高位的人，应该先使人民富庶，使他们安居，这就是照顾人民生活，用善恶作为标准，来定功罪；对于毁谤或赞誉，一定要确切查明，取得真凭实据，不只听他的言论，更要考察他的行为；不被他的名声所困扰，还要仔细查看他工作的成绩和效果；如此或许可以消除虚伪，免得大家效法。世上没有奸诈，民间没有淫乱，这就是挽救人心堕落。荣耀和羞辱，是赏罚的理论根据；依照礼教的规定，荣耀的赞扬或羞辱的斥责，只能加到'君子'身上，希望改正他的内心；锁枷鞭打，则专门对付'小人'，希望改正他的行为。如果不推广教育，中等阶层人士将堕落成'小人'；如果推广教育，中等阶层人士将跃升成'君子'；这就是提高文化水平。既然身居高位，则必须拥有武力，才能防备不可预测的变化，平时用来安抚内部，战时则是效命疆场的劲旅，这就是支持中央威信。赏或罚，是政治上重要权柄，君王绝不随便赏赐，并不是爱财，盖随意赏赐，便无法用来鼓励善用；君王也绝不随意惩罚，并不是怜恤那个人，而是随意惩罚，便无法遏阻犯罪。不应该赏赐而赏赐，是遏阻善行；应该惩罚而不惩罚，是鼓励罪恶。在高位的如果不遏阻下面的人的善行，不鼓励罪恶，则国法确立，这就是维护法律的尊严。 “'四患'消除，'五政'建立，诚心诚意执行，坚定立场，宁可简略，不可倦怠；宁可疏漏，不可放弃大节。如此，轻而易举的就能获致太平。” Bo Yang said: 荀悦是儒家学派重要的思想家之一，司马光对他尊崇备至。从这篇《申鉴》可看出儒家学派政治主张的精髓：一是阶级森严的定位，最高层的是“君子”，最低层的是“小人”。教育只能改变中间阶层人士，中间阶层人士接受教育后，可以跃升成“君子”；不接受教育时，则堕落成“小人”。至于“君子”是否还会堕落？堕落成为“小人”？以及“小人”是否会上升成为“君子”？没有说明。荀悦的论点：“君子”“小人”，永恒不变。 另一是，人民奴役性的定位。荀悦强调：君王不可随意惩罚，并不是出于人权，而是不利于统治，意思至为明确：如果有利于统治，就可以随意惩罚。全部思想体系中，没有看到人的尊严，“仁政”并不是把人当人，而是把人当做工具。而如何爱护工具和爱护人——把人当人，意义完全不同。 儒家政治主张的最高指导原则，只看到君王的统御价值，没有看到人民的人格价值。 1、春季，正月，北斗星旁出现孛星（北斗星，也称北斗七星，北方天际排列斗杓形状的七颗亮星，是大熊星座的一部分星群。七颗星名：天枢星、天璇星、天玑星、天权星、玉衡星、开阳星、摇光星）。 2、东汉王朝（首都许县）最高监察长（司空）曹操，率军亲征并州（山西省中部）州长（刺史）高干，命世子（法定继承人）曹丕留守邺城（冀州州政府所在县·河北省临漳县西南邺镇），派行政官（别驾从事）崔琰担任辅佐。 曹操大军包围壶关（山西省长治市北）。三月，壶关投降，高干亲自前往南匈奴汗国王庭（平阳·山西省临汾市）求救，单于（四十二任）挛鞮呼厨泉拒绝出兵。高干单身匹马，率几个骑兵卫士，向南逃亡，打算投奔荆州（湖北省及湖南省）全权州长（牧）刘表（时荆州州政府设襄阳），中途经过上洛（陕西省商州市），被民兵司令（都尉）王琰捕获，斩首。并州（山西省中部）全部平定。 曹操命陈郡（河南省淮阳县）人梁习，以地方团队军政官（别部司马）身份代理并州州长。这时，大乱之后，胡人狄人等蛮夷声势盛大；官民背叛或逃亡时，都投奔蛮夷部落，取得保护。各地民间领袖和英雄豪杰，每人都拥有武装部队，抵抗盗匪劫掠。梁习到职后，好言善语，征召他们归附，用尊贵的礼节延聘首脑人物，对有些人也保荐他们担任官员，到州政府任职。等到首脑人物都离开乡土，然后，梁习下令征兵，强迫青年充当志愿军。因为曹操大军不断出征，梁习就把这些志愿军送给各将领作为战斗部队。等到首脑人物失去群众基础，再把他们的家属，陆陆续续送到邺城（河北省临漳县西南邺镇），约有数万人之多。对于抗拒命令的，梁习出军讨伐，杀一千余人，归降的有一万余人。南匈奴汗国（王庭设平阳）单于（四十二任）挛鞮呼厨泉，态度恭顺，各部落王爷都向梁习低头，负担捐税差役，跟汉人一样。边境完全肃清，盗贼绝迹，农夫遍布田野。梁习鼓励农业和养蚕纺织，严格执行法令，无论推动一件事或禁止一件事，都能贯彻。父老们一致称赞，认为自从有记忆以来，没有一个州长能跟梁习相比。梁习遂遴选流亡并州的外州知识分子，向中央保荐，诸如河内郡（河南省武陟县）人常林、杨俊、王象、荀纬跟太原郡（山西省太原市）人王凌等，曹操任命他们全都担任县长，以后均闻名于世。 3、最初，山阳郡（山东省金乡县西北昌邑镇）人仲长统（仲长，复姓）游学到并州，拜访州长高干，高干待他十分优厚，征求他对世局的意见。仲长统对高干说：“你有英雄志向，却没有英雄才干；喜爱贤能人士，却不知道谁是贤能人士，你应该在这上面检讨。”高干自以为能力高人一等，对仲长统的直言陈辞，认为是一种冒犯，大不高兴；仲长统遂告辞他往。高干既死，宫廷秘书长（尚书令）荀彧，保荐仲长统当宫廷秘书署助理（尚书郎）。仲长统有《昌言》一文，分析国家的治乱安危，大略说： “当天下大乱，英雄崛起之时，上天并没有注定谁要成功；既没有注定谁要成功，大家才战斗不止。最后，仗恃智谋的，智谋穷尽；仗恃力量的，力量枯竭。形势既不允许继续维持现状，又不允许继续较量长短。于是，抓住头发，套住脖子，完全被我置于控制之下。等到第二代的继承人登上宝座，英雄已没有崛起的念头，士大夫和小民养成惯性，富贵只限于几个固定的家族，君王集威严于一身。 “在那个时候，坐在宝座上的即令是个白痴蠢材，也能使他的浩荡皇恩充满天地，使他的威严比拟鬼神。即令有数千个姬昌（周王朝一任王姬发的老爹）、孔丘之类的圣人，也无法用他们的'圣'！即令有数万个孟贲、夏育之类的勇士，也无法奋他们的'勇'。 “继承宝座的白痴蠢材君王，发现天下没有一个人敢违背他的旨意，自以为他的政权跟天地一样，坚不可破，牢不可亡。私心遂没有节制，邪恶更发展到极致。君王和臣僚，同时为所欲为，上下一齐作恶，政治遂终于荒怠，人才终于摒弃，所亲信的重要干部，不过一群会巴结奉承他的马屁精。受到宠爱，或受到擢升的高级官员，全是皇后妃妾的家属。 “于是，这个腐败的国家领导中心，把天下所有的脂油，全都熬光；敲尽人民的骨骼，吸取骨髓，人民身受怨毒，得不到保护，灾祸战乱，同时并发。四海一片沸腾，四方蛮夷纷纷背叛，向中国侵略，势如土崩瓦解，政权在一夕之间倾覆。从前被我养育哺育的小民，而今全成了要喝我鲜血的仇敌。眼睁睁看着大势已去，仍不觉悟，岂不是富贵之家必然产生的麻木不仁？过度溺爱必然产生的愚昧顽劣？生存和灭亡，互相交替，治理和战乱，互相循环，是天地运行的最高法则。” 4、秋季，七月，武威郡（甘肃省武威市）郡长张猛，击杀雍州（甘肃省中西部）州长邯郸商，州政府讨伐，诛杀张猛。张猛是张奂的儿子（张奂曾反对用高压政策对待西羌，参考一六八年）。 5、八月，曹操率军向东讨伐海盗管承，进抵淳于（山东省安丘县东北），派部将乐进、李典击破海盗部众，管承逃往海岛。 6、昌豨再度叛变（昌豨归降曹操事，参考二〇一年），曹操命平虏指挥官（平虏校尉）于禁讨伐，斩昌豨。 7、本年，东汉帝（十四任献帝）刘协（本年二十六岁）封故琅邪王（首府开阳）刘容的儿子刘熙，继承琅邪王。（刘容，是一任帝刘秀子刘京五世孙。一九〇年，董卓强行迁都长安，刘容派老弟刘邈前往长安朝贡，当时曹操是东郡郡长，刘邈晋见皇帝刘协，极力称赞曹操忠诚，曹操对刘容心怀感激。稍后，刘容逝世，因没有嫡长子，封国撤除。本年，曹操回报。）齐国（首府临淄）、北海国（首府剧县）、阜陵国（首府阜陵）、下邳国（首府下邳）、常山国（首府元氏）、甘陵国（首府甘陵）、济阴国（济阴此时是郡，应是济北国，首府卢县）、平原国（首府平原）等八个封国，全部撤除（曹操开始削弱刘姓皇家势力）。 8、先前，乌桓部落（河北省北部）乘着天下大乱，裹胁汉人十余万户。冀州全权州长袁绍用皇帝名义（承制）把他们的酋长都封“单于”，物色一些良家妇女，当做自己的女儿，嫁给他们。辽西郡（辽宁省义县西）乌桓酋长蹋顿，尤其强大，袁绍待他也最优厚（以上皆参考一九九年）。所以，袁尚、袁熙兄弟，投奔蹋顿（参考去年）。蹋顿不断侵入边塞掳掠，打算帮助袁尚恢复故有疆土。 曹操准备攻击，下令挖掘平虏渠、泉州渠，以运输粮秣（平虏渠南起今河北省青县，北至天津市静海县，贯通古滹沱河及易水。泉州渠南起天津市，北至天津市宝坻县，贯通古清河跟鲍丘河。两条人工运河皆是自南而北，把各注入渤海湾而互不隶属的水系，连贯起来）。 9、讨虏将军孙权（根据地在吴县）攻击山贼盘踞的麻屯、保屯（今地皆不详），完全平定。 1、春季，二月，东汉王朝（首都许县）最高监察长（司空）曹操，从淳于（山东省安丘县东北）返邺城（河北省临漳县西南邺镇）。 二月五日，曹操奏准东汉帝（十四任献帝）刘协（本年二十七岁），大封功臣二十余人，全是侯爵；并赞扬万岁亭侯荀彧的贡献。三月，增加荀彧采邑一千户人家，又打算擢升荀彧当三公，荀彧命荀攸恳切辞让，凡十数次之多，曹操才打消原意。 2、曹操将向乌桓部落（河北省北部）发动大规模攻击。将领们纷纷反对，说：“袁尚（时在辽西郡）不过一个逃亡的罪犯，蛮夷贪婪无厌，没有亲爱之心，岂会受袁尚利用？而今，远出塞外讨伐，刘备一定说服刘表（荆州全权州长），袭击首都许县，万一发生变化，我们无法反悔。”智囊郭嘉说：“明公（曹操）虽然威震天下，但乌桓部落仗恃远在北方蛮荒，一定没有戒备。乘他们没有戒备，发动突击，可以立即破灭。袁绍对本国人民以及塞外蛮夷，都有恩德，而袁尚兄弟还活在世间，四州人民（四州：冀州、青州、幽州、并州；即袁绍故土）只因畏惧我们的强大，不得不服，我们并没有恩德加到他们身上。假定放弃他们，大军南下，袁尚用乌桓部众作为资本，号召所有愿为旧主效死的豪杰之士，到那时，乌桓大军一旦出动，汉人、胡人可能会全体响应，这种情势足以使蹋顿（乌桓部落酋长）动心，激起他非分的妄想。恐怕青州、冀州将脱幅而去。刘表是一个只会坐在那里发表高论的人物，深知自己的才能无法驾驭刘备，重用刘备既恐怕无法控制，轻用刘备则刘备必然不接受指使。我们即令抽空全国兵力远征塞外，也不要担心。”曹操采纳。 曹操大军抵达易县（河北省雄县西北），郭嘉说：“军队一旦行动，就要迅速。远隔千里而进行奇袭，辎重太多，难以掌握先机。乌桓部众得到消息，一定加强戒备；不如留下辎重，减轻装备，一日强行二日路程，急速挺进，出他们意料之外。” 最初，袁绍几次派人到无终（天津市蓟县）征聘田畴（参考一九三年），颁发将军印信，命他统御原来部众，田畴拒绝。等到曹操击败袁绍，河间国（首府乐成）人邢颙（音yong）对田畴说：“自从黄巾民变，二十余年，全国像滚水一样沸腾，人民流离失所。听说曹操法令森严，人民对于太多太久的战乱，早已厌倦；最后一定会归于平静，请准许我先去试探。”遂整理行装，返回故乡。田畴说：“邢颙是先知先觉的人！”曹操任命邢颙当冀州州政府参谋官（从事），并征召田畴。田畴愤恨乌桓部落屠杀他故乡（右北平郡·河北省丰润县）士大夫，立志反击，却一直没有力量；所以听到曹操征召，立即嘱咐部属为自己准备行装。部属说：“从前，袁绍仰慕你，曾五次礼聘，你都不肯去；而今曹操第一次派人前来，你却好像迫不及待，什么原因？”田畴笑说：“这就是你们不知道的了（袁绍是无能之辈，而曹操英明盖世）。”随同使节前往大营，曹操任命他当蓨县（河北省景县。蓨，音tiao。西汉王朝大将周亚夫封条侯，封国在此）县长，随同大军进抵无终（天津市蓟县）。 当时正逢盛夏，大雨不止，沿海一带，地势低凹，积水不退，泥泞难行，而乌桓部落沿边严守险关，大军无法前进。曹操十分忧虑，向田畴请教，田畴说：“这条道路，夏秋两季，全成沼泽，说它浅，车马难以通过；说它深，舟船不能行驶，是长久以来不能解决的最大难题。右北平郡郡政府原来设在平冈（内蒙古宁城县西南），此地人民前往郡政府时，都出卢龙口（河北省迁安县西北），穿过柳城（辽宁省朝阳市南）。然而这条道路，从一世纪三〇年代以来（东汉王朝建立之初），迄今将近二百年（事实上只一百六十年左右），桥塌路断，无人行走，但是仍有残迹，可以寻觅。乌桓部落把主力军布防在无终对面，认为那是我们必经之道，不能前进时，自然撤退，所以戒备松懈。我们如果假装沮丧，宣称班师，另由卢龙口挺进，越过白檀（河北省滦平县）险阻，再往北便进入乌桓部落空虚的后防，路近而行动方便，在他们毫无防备之下，可以不经过战斗，生擒蹋顿。”曹操说：“好计谋！”遂向后撤退，在泥沼地带道路两旁，树立木杆，宣称：“现在天气盛暑，道路不通，且等到秋冬，再行出击。”乌桓部落斥候侦察回报，乌桓军司令部判断曹操确已回军。 曹操命田畴率领他的部众充当向导，攀登徐无山（河北省玉田县北凤凰顶。此是田畴屯田基地），向北挺进，逢山开路，遇水搭桥，凿山、填谷，凡五百余里，穿过白檀、平冈，又穿过鲜卑部落（内蒙古东部中部及以北地区）王庭（所在不详），向东直扑柳城。距柳城不到二百里时，乌桓部落王庭方才发觉。袁尚、袁熙跟蹋顿以及辽西郡乌桓单于楼班（丘力居的儿子，参考一九九年）、右北平郡乌桓单于能臣抵之（都是袁绍所封），联合抵抗，率数万骑兵迎战。 八月，曹操攀登白狼山（辽宁省喀喇沁左翼蒙古族自治县东境），突然跟乌桓联军遭遇，而乌桓联军军力强大。曹操军因系轻装，只有少数战士身穿铠甲，左右无不震恐。曹操由高下望，发现乌桓联军行动散漫，部伍凌乱，知道战斗力有限，于是命部将张辽当前锋，展开攻击。乌桓部落联军不能抵挡，崩溃。曹操大军追击，斩蹋顿及其他著名酋长以下；胡人汉人投降的二十余万。辽东郡乌桓单于速仆丸（苏仆延）跟袁尚、袁熙逃亡，投奔辽东郡郡长公孙康，仍拥有数千名骑兵部队。有人建议乘势追击，曹操说：“不必，我等待公孙康送来袁尚、袁熙的人头，用不着战争。” 九月，曹操从柳城班师。 公孙康打算取袁尚、袁熙二人的性命，作为呈献给中央政府一大功劳。于是在马厩之中，埋伏精兵，然后延请袁尚、袁熙进入。还没有落座，公孙康发动埋伏，把二人生擒，立即诛杀，连同速仆丸（苏仆延）的人头，一并送给曹操。将领们询问曹操说：“在大军班师之后，公孙康怎会处决袁尚、袁熙？”曹操说：“公孙康一向畏惧袁尚、袁熙，我们如果急于进攻，他们势将结合在一起，拼力抵抗。只要稍微放松，他们就会自相残杀，形势如此。”曹操悬挂袁尚人头示众，下令三军，有敢哭一声的，处斩。牵招却祭奠悲哭（牵招事，参考二〇四年十二月），曹操嘉许他的道德勇气，保荐他当“茂才”。 此时已入冬季，天寒地冻，又逢大旱，二百里内没有水源，又缺乏粮秣，遂屠杀战马数千匹充饥，挖凿地面三十余丈，才见到水。大军既平安抵达安全地带，曹操下令调查最初规劝讨伐乌桓的人是谁？大家不知道会发生什么事，每人心怀恐惧。然而，调查之后，曹操依照名单，重重赏赐，说：“我征讨乌桓部落，实在是危险万分，全靠侥幸，虽然成功，只能说是上天保佑，但这不是正常行动。各位的意见，才是万全智谋，所以奖励，以后不要闭口不言！” Bo Yang said: 袁绍杀田丰，刘邦封娄敬，曹操在大胜之后，反而奖赏反对他出军的谏士，狗熊和英雄，在此分界。狗熊最大特点是“智从己出”“恩从己出”，要处处显示他比别人英明；而英雄则处处不如人，处处需要别人的意见，而且唯恐别人不提出跟他相异的，甚至相反的意见。 田丰临刑时，叹息说：“给愚人策划，应该一死。”这是睿智之士的悲哀，田丰如果跟娄敬换一换位置，娄敬一定被诛杀，田丰当会是西汉王朝的一位侯爵，曹操度量之恢弘，头脑之清晰，大胜之后，并没有沾沾自喜，还回顾忠言，无怪能得部属死力。一个人的失败和成功，岂是偶然！ 3、冬季，十月三日，鹑尾星旁出现孛星（传统天文学家，诸如蔡邕、陈卓，认为鹑尾星代表楚王国地区，即荆州地区。孛星不是普通彗星，而是一种短尾巴彗星，古人认为是一种妖星，妖星出现，必有灾祸。既在鹑尾星旁出现，预告荆州将有事变）。 4、十月十七日，黄巾变民集团击斩济南王（首府东平陵）刘赟（河间王刘开五世孙）。 5、十一月，曹操抵达易水（海河支流，发源于河北省易县），代郡（山西省