Chapter 16 7. Northern and Southern Dynasties

The "Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms Era" lasted 136 years and ended in the 1930s.The north was unified by the Northern Wei Empire, the Jin Empire in the south perished, and the Southern Song Empire prospered. "The era of great division then entered the second half - the "Northern and Southern Dynasties Era". The Northern Dynasties were the Northern Wei Empire, the Northern Qi Empire, and the Northern Zhou Empire; , Nanliang Empire, and Chen Empire. The Northern Dynasty in this century was the Northern Wei Empire, and the Southern Dynasty ended with the Southern Qi Empire. The melee in the "Northern and Southern Dynasties" was more intense and cruel than that in the "Five Hus Era".

1. In spring, on the twenty-fourth day of the first lunar month, Tuoba Tao (the third Emperor Taiwu) of the Northern Wei Empire (capital Pingcheng) went to Luoyang (east of Dongbaima Temple, Luoyang City, Henan Province). 2. From the winter of last year (449) to the spring of this year, Jianwei General Shen Qingzhi of the Southern Song Empire (capital Jiankang) continued to defeat the barbarian rebels in Yongzhou (northern Hubei Province) and seized the grain hoarded by the barbarians as his own military rations; Killed 3,000 people, captured more than 28,000 people, and took over 25,000 families.Fortunately, the Dayangman Rebel Army used the dangerous mountain to build a castle, which is very strong and well-defended.Shen Qingzhi launched an attack and set up camps in the mountains. The gates of each camp were connected to each other. Pools were dug in the camp to store a large amount of water.Soon, a strong wind suddenly picked up, and the barbarian rebels attacked at night and set fire to the camp.Shen Qingzhi put out the fire with pool water, and shot back and forth with a large number of bows and arrows. The barbarian rebels retreated.But the stronghold held by the barbarian rebels was strong and dangerous and could not be conquered.Shen Qingzhi then set up six advance bases.As time passed, the barbarian rebels ran out of food, and gradually some people surrendered.In the end, they were all forcibly moved to the capital Jiankang as "ying households" (ying households Zhili military government, the burden is heavier than that of ordinary household registrations).

3. The Northern Wei Empire invaded the south. On February 3, Tuoba Tao, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, held a large-scale hunting in Liangchuan (the location should be in Shangqiu County, Henan Province).Emperor Liu Yilong (44 years old this year) of the Southern Song Dynasty (the third Wendi Emperor) received the report and ordered the counties in the Huaihe River and Sishui area: "If the bandits of the Wei State (Northern Wei Imperial Army) only make low-level attacks, you stick to the city. If The army is dispatched, and you will lead the residents to retreat to Shouyang (Shouxian County, Anhui Province)." However, the information along the border is chaotic and the situation is unknown.

On February 20, Tuoba Tao personally led a mixed infantry regiment of 100,000 infantry and cavalry, crossed the border, and penetrated into the Southern Song Empire. Zheng Daoyin, county magistrate in the east of Yancheng County, Henan Province, abandoned the city and fled.At that time, Liu Shuo, the governor of Yuzhou (Anhui Province) and the king of Nanping, was guarding Shouyang. Province Runan County. Hu, sound hu).There were less than a thousand soldiers in Xuanhu City, and Tuoba Tao surrounded it. In March, the Southern Song Empire reduced the salaries of domestic and foreign civil and military officials by one-third due to the nationwide war of resistance.

The Northern Wei infantry and cavalry mixed corps surrounded Xuanhu, attacked day and night, built many tall buildings, approached the city to shoot, and fired all arrows like a torrential rain.The city guards in the Southern Song Dynasty carried the door panels on their backs and went to the well to fetch water.The Northern Wei Dynasty used a city-rushing cart, threw a huge iron hook, grabbed the wall of the tower, and pulled it violently, and the southern city of Xuanhu was destroyed.Chen Xian built a small wall at the collapsed place, and set up wooden fences outside the small wall to continue to resist.The army of the Northern Wei Dynasty made a general attack, filled the trenches of the moat, launched the tactics of crowds, charged with their bodies, and climbed the city walls like ants.Chen Xian commanded the soldiers and fought hard. The corpses were piled up as high as the city wall.The soldiers of the Northern Wei Dynasty stepped on the corpses, and the two sides fought hand-to-hand with short weapons. Chen Xian became more and more courageous in the battle. One soldier was as good as a hundred, killing and injuring tens of thousands of soldiers in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and more than half of the defenders in the Southern Song Dynasty died.

Tuoba Tao sent Yongchang King Tuoba Ren to lead more than 10,000 infantry and cavalry, threatening the civilians captured in the six counties, and stationed in Ruyang (Shangshui County, Henan Province) in the north.At that time, Liu Jun, the governor of Xuzhou (Pengcheng, the state government) of the Southern Song Dynasty and the king of Wuling, was guarding Pengcheng (Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province).Liu Jun collected 1,500 horses owned by the people within a hundred miles, and divided them into five groups: ordered the military council officer (joining the army) Liu Taizhi to lead the Anbei General's Mansion (Liu Jun's military position is Anbei General) cavalry deputy military Counselor (Anbei cavalry line joined the army) Yuan Qianzhi, deputy military counselor of the settlement area (Tian Caoxing joined the army) Zang Zhaozhi, deputy military counselor of civil affairs (Ji Caoxing joined the army) Yin Ding, Wuling Prince's Palace Zuo Attendant (Wuling Zuochang Waiter) Du Youwen, the palace general Cheng Tianzuo, etc., respectively led their troops to attack Ruyang directly.The army of the Northern Wei Dynasty was afraid of the reinforcements from Shouyang, and never thought that Pengcheng would launch an attack, so they were unaware of the east.

On Dingyou Day in March (Xinyoushuo in March, there is no Dingyou), Liu Taizhi and others made a surprise attack, beheading more than 3,000 soldiers of the Northern Wei Army and burning their belongings.However, the Northern Wei army detected that Liu Taizhi was only a lone army with no successors, so they counterattacked.Yuan Qianzhi retreated first, and the soldiers of the Southern Song Dynasty were frightened, gave up their weapons, and fled in all directions.Liu Taizhi was beheaded by the Northern Wei army, Zang Zhaozhi drowned in the river, and Cheng Tianzuo was captured by the Northern Wei army.Yuan Qianzhi, Yin Ding and Du Youwen, including the soldiers, only escaped with more than 900 people and 400 horses.

Emperor Tuobatao of the Northern Wei Dynasty besieged Xuanhu for forty-two days, and Emperor Liu Yilong of the Southern Song Dynasty sent Zang Zhi, the magistrate (internal historian) of Nanping County (Gan'an County, Hubei Province) to Shouyang to join the military and political officer of the Anman Security Command (Anman Sima) Liu Kangzu (Liu Shuo, the king of Nanping who guarded Shouyang, and the commander of Anman's security), jointly led the army to reinforce Xuanhu.Tuoba Tao sent the Minister of Palace Security (Dianzhong Shangshu) and Ren Chenggong Tuoba Qidizhen to lead the army to fight, and Zang Zhi and others killed Tuoba Qidizhen.Liu Kangzu is Liu Daoxi's cousin (Liu Daoxi guards Fucheng, refer to November 441).

In summer, in April, Tuoba Tao lifted the siege of Xuanhu and led his army to retreat. On April 13th, Tuoba Tao returned to Pingcheng. On April 22, Liu Yilong issued a reward and punishment order: General Anbei and King Liu Jun of Wuling surrendered to the general of the town army.Cut Yuan Qianzhi.Yin Ding and Du Youwen were handed over to the Ordnance Manufacturing Factory (Shang Fang) and punished to do hard work.Chen Xian was promoted to be General Longxiang, and also the prefect of Runan and Xincai counties (the county governments also set up Xuanhu). Tuoba Tao wrote to Liu Yilong, warning:

"In the past, Gai Wu rebelled and disturbed Guanzhong (central part of Shaanxi Province) and Longxi (west of Longshan). You sent people to find him and seduce him (refer to February 446). Give bows and arrows to men, and earrings and bracelets to women. They are just using fraud to extort your gold, silver and treasures. How can they be so far away, but they obey your reasoning! Since you claim to be a real man, why don't you come to grab it yourself, but lure the people on the frontiers of our country with bribes? It was ordered that anyone who defected to you would be exempted from taxes for seven years. This is clearly to encourage treachery and rebellion. I came to your land this time, and the number of captives is greater than the number of people you lured us before. Which one is more?

"If you still want to preserve the sacrifice of the ancestral temple of the Liu family, you should cede all the land north of the Yangtze River to me, and withdraw all the armed forces to the south of the Yangtze River. I will give up Jiangnan and let you live. Otherwise, you should Strictly order your military commanders (Fang Zhen), governors, county chiefs (shou), and county chiefs (zai) to be respectful and prepare eating utensils. Next year (451) in the fall, I will go to capture Yangzhou (Southern Song Dynasty) Gyeonggi, the heartland of the empire). The trend of the times, I will not let you go. In the past, you colluded with the north (Rouran Khanate); The Northeast colluded with Feng Hong (Northern Yan Empire) and Goryeo (Kingdom of Goguryeo). I will destroy all these countries. Based on this speculation, how can you survive alone? "Creep Khan Yu Jiulu Wuti (the fifth Chilian Khan) and Yu Jiulu Tuhezhen (the sixth Chuluo Khan) are all dead (Yu Jiulu Tuhezhen is still alive). I am going to the Northern Expedition now, first eradicate "Footless" bandits (the Rouran Khanate is dominated by cavalry, "foot" refers to horses). If you resist the order, next autumn, I will personally seize it; because you have "no feet", so I will not conquer first. On the day when I launch an attack, what can you do? No matter whether you dig soil ditches to defend yourself, or build a castle to block it, I will take over Yangzhou in a majestic way, and I will not be sneaky like you and do some small tricks .The detective spy you sent, I have captured him alive, and let him go back. He saw a lot of things, you can question him carefully. "You once sent Pei Fangming to capture Qiuchi (in the south of Xihe County, Gansu Province). Now that you have conquered it (refer to May 442), you envied his bravery and achievements and couldn't bear it. Such a good general killed him. (Refer to July 443), you idiot, how are you qualified to compete with me? You are not my opponent. You often plan to fight me. I am neither an idiot nor Fu Jian (the third emperor of the former Qin Empire ), why bother to fight with you (referring to Fu Jian’s arrogance at the time)? I sent cavalry to surround your base during the day, and retreated a hundred miles away to camp at night. Soochow (guiding the Song Empire) naturally had the trick of attacking at night, However, the death squad you recruited has advanced less than 50 miles, and the sky is already dawn. How can the heads of the death squad not be chopped off by us? "The old officials of your father's (the first emperor Liu Yu) era, although they are old, they still have wisdom. However, they have been killed by you (referring to Xie Hui, Tan Daoji, etc.), isn't it God's intention to help me? ? Actually, you don’t need to use a knife or a gun to capture you alive. I have a Brahmin priest here who can recite mantras. 4. Jiang Zhan, a senior consultant of the Southern Song Empire (Shizhong) and the garrison commander of the Eastern District of the Capital (General Zuowei), was promoted to the Minister of Civil Affairs of the State Council (Shangshu of the Ministry of Officials).Jiang Zhan has a fair and honest personality, and was favored by the Southern Song Emperor Liu Yilong at the same time as Xu Zhanzhi, the executive director of the State Council (Pu She); he was called "Jiang Xu" at the time. 5. An unprecedented literary inquisition occurred in the Northern Wei Empire, and massacres were carried out. The prime minister (Situ) Cui Hao relied on his talent and wisdom, as well as the favor and trust of Tuoba Tao, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, to monopolize the power in the government.Dozens of intellectuals who once recommended Jizhou, Dingzhou, Xiangzhou, Youzhou (the above four states are now Hebei Province), and Bingzhou (central part of Shanxi Province) served as county chiefs for the first time as officials.Prince Tuoba Huang protested: "Before this, the recruiting of hermit talents (referring to You Ya, Li Ling, Gao Yun, Lu Xuan, Xing Ying, etc., refer to September 431) was also a temporary task in the prefecture and county. They have been selected for a long time in their current positions, and their hard work has not been rewarded. They should be transferred to the county chief and county chief first; the newcomers recommended by Cui Hao will take over the vacancies left by them. And the county The magistrate and the county magistrate are mainly responsible for governing the people, and it is best to have people with administrative experience." Cui Hao insisted on his suggestion and finally assigned them to the post.Gao Yun, chief legislator of the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshu Shilang) and national history editor (leader) Gao Yun heard about this, and said to Guan Tian, ​​the education officer of the Taiwomen (Dr. Donggong): "Cui Hao may not be able to avoid disaster! How can you bear to satisfy your own selfishness while confronting the powerful and superior!" Tuobatao ordered Cui Hao, who is also the head of the royal librarian (secretary of the supervisor), to teach him to write "Records of the State" (refer to April 429) with Gao Yun and others. He warned: "It must be true. Whatever it is, write it What ("following the actual record")." Min Zhan and Xi Biao, junior assistant officials for the compilation of national history (writing history), were quick in response and flattering, and were deeply loved and trusted by Cui Hao.Cui Hao once commented on the Book of Books, Min Zhan and Xi Biao said: "In the past, the annotations made by Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, Wang Su, and Jia Kui were not as accurate and profound as Cui Hao. Please confiscate their notes. Books, and promulgate the books annotated by Cui Hao, so that intellectuals in the world can learn. Please order Cui Hao to continue to annotate "Book of Rites" and "Zuo Zhuan", so that those who learn later can get correct guidance." Cui Hao also recommended Min Min Zhan and Xi Biao: "Have the ability to write books." Min Zhan and Xi Biao also suggested that Cui Hao engrave his "National History" on the stone tablet to show off the author's integrity, selflessness and fearlessness.Upon hearing this suggestion, Gao Yun said to Zongqin, the editor of national history: "As long as there is a single word error in the set made by Min Zhan and Xi Biao, I am afraid it will bring disasters that will never happen to the Cui family. None of these people will be left." But Cui Hao still adopted the advice of Min Zhan and Xi Biao, engraved "National History" on a stone tablet, and erected it in the southern suburbs of Pingcheng, the capital, on the east side of the emperor's altar for offering sacrifices to heaven, a hundred steps away. It took a total of three million people to complete the project.Cui Hao recorded the life experience of the chiefs of the tribal era of the Northern Wei Empire, that is, the ancestors of Tuoba Tao, which is very detailed and true.Stone monuments are lined up at the intersections of traffic arteries, coming and going, everyone who sees them is very shocked.The Xianbei people were even more resentful, and they sued Tuoba Tao one after another, believing that Cui Hao deliberately exposed the sins of their ancestors (national evil) and damaged the image of the empire.Tuoba Tao was furious, and ordered the competent authority to investigate and deal with the crimes of Cui Hao and all the officials (secretaries) of the Royal Library. At first, Zhai Heizi, the Duke of Liaodong, was favored by Tuoba Tao, and he was sent as an envoy to Bingzhou to accept a bribe of 1,000 bolts of silk cloth.Being reported, Zhai Heizi asked Gao Yun for advice, "When the lord asks me, should I tell the truth? Or should I refuse to admit it?" Gao Yun said, "You are a favorite minister in the palace. You should tell the truth about your crime. Forgive me, but don’t cheat a second time.” Cui Lan and Gongsunzhi, chief legislators of the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshu’s assistant minister), warned Zhai Heizi, saying: “If you surrender yourself and admit your crime first, the disaster is unpredictable, so it’s better to die and not admit it.” Zhai Heizi He complained to Gao Yun and said, "How did you lure me to die?" When he entered the palace and saw Tuoba Tao, he didn't answer according to the actual situation. Tuoba Tao was furious and beheaded Zhai Heizi.Gao Yun was sent to teach Prince Tuobahuang the Confucian classics. When Cui Hao was arrested, Prince Tuobahuang called Gao Yun to the East Palace (Taiwan Palace) and asked him to stay overnight.At dawn the next day, Tuoba Huang brought Gao Yun into the palace to meet with him. When they walked to the gate of the palace, Tuoba Huang said to Gao Yun: "Go in and meet the Supreme, and I will guide the direction. If the Supreme has any questions, just take care of him." Answer with my hint." Gao Yun said: "It seems that something happened?" Tuoba Huang said: "Of course I will know after entering the palace." Tuoba Huang saw his father and said: "Gao Yun is cautious, and his status is low He has a low status and cannot be the master of everything. The article was written by Cui Hao, please spare his life." Tuoba Tao summoned Gao Yun and asked, "Is the "Book of Guo" written by Cui Hao?" Gao Yun said: ""Taizu Ji" (biography of the first emperor Tuoba Gui) was written by Deng Yuan, the former national history editor, "Xiandi Ji" (biography of the second emperor Tuoba Gui) and "Jin Ji" (biography of the current emperor Tuoba Tao) , I wrote with Cui Hao. However, Cui Hao has too many part-time jobs, and he only has an overview of the writing of "Book of Nations". As for the actual work, I have twice as much work as Cui Hao." Tuoba Tao said violently: "Gao Yun's crime is greater than Cui Hao's, how can he not die?" Tuoba Huang was frightened, and explained: "When the emperor was furious, Gao Yun, a small official, panicked and lost his order. I asked him before, he Said it was all done by Cui Hao." Tuobatao asked Gao Yun: "Is the prince's words correct?" Gao Yun said: "My crimes should be slaughtered by the whole family, and I dare not lie. The prince is only because I have been with him for a long time. The waiter and lecturer by his side, sympathized with my experience, and let me die. I never asked me, and I never said that kind of thing, so I am not out of order." Tuoba Tao said to Prince Tuoba Huang: "This It is integrity! It is difficult to do it in human relationships, but Gao Yun did it. In the face of death, not changing the normal state is faith. Being a subject and not cheating the king is loyalty. Pardon his sins as a compliment." Forgive Gao Yun. Therefore, Cui Hao was summoned and interrogated in person.Cui Hao was terrified and confused, unable to answer.And Gao Yun described everything clearly and methodically.Tuoba Tao then ordered Gao Yun to draft an edict: Cui Hao, Cui Hao's subordinates Zongqin, Duan Chenggen (refer to December 439), etc., and their subordinates and servants, a total of 128 people, All five clans were killed.Gao Yun hesitated and dared not write.Tuoba Tao sent someone to urge Gao Yun to start drafting after requesting an audience with the emperor.Tuoba Tao taught him to come before Gao Yun, and Gao Yun said: "Cui Hao's crime, if there are other reasons, I dare not say more. If it is just to offend the royal family, the crime should not be killed." Tuoba Tao was furious. , ordered the warriors to arrest Gao Yun, and the prince Tuoba Huang interceded for him, and Tuoba Tao's anger gradually calmed down, saying: "Without you, thousands of people would have died." On June 10th, Tuoba Tao issued an edict: Kill all men, women and children with the surname Cui who are related to Cui Hao in Qinghe County (Linqing City, Shandong Province), no matter how distant the blood relationship is, including (Cui Hao is from Qinghe County).At the same time, the Lu family in Fanyang County (Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province), the Guo family in Taiyuan County (Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province), and the Liu family in Hedong County (Yongji County, Shanxi Province) who were related to Cui Hao all slaughtered their entire families; People, only kill the person involved.Put Cui Hao in a prison van surrounded by railings and send it to the southern outskirts of Pingcheng, where it was placed at a crossroads for pedestrians to visit. Dozens of guards urinated on Cui Hao’s head, face, and body; Cui Hao They wailed and wailed and wailed "Aoao", which could be heard clearly by those passing by ("The sound of wailing is heard on the road").When Zong Qin was about to be beheaded, he sighed and said, "Gao Yun, could it be that he is a saint!" After a few days, Tuoba Huang scolded Gao Yun and said: "People, you should play it by ear. I plan to save you from death. Now that you have a good start, but you don't listen to me, it makes the emperor (Tuoba Tao) very angry. That level, every time I think about it, my heart beats wildly." Gao Yun said: "The function of history is to record the good and evil of the king, as an encouragement or warning for future generations, so the king is afraid, and every move will be affected by it. He was very cautious. Cui Hao failed the great grace of the Holy Majesty, so that his own desires covered his integrity; his personal love and hatred covered his justice. This was Cui Hao's mistake. This is the main task of writing history books, so it cannot be regarded as wrong. Cui Hao and I are engaged in this work at the same time, life and death, honor and disgrace, should not be different. Accepting the grace of rebirth from His Highness, if you violate your conscience, you only want to be spared, not me wishes." Tuoba Huang sighed moved.After Gao Yun withdrew, he said to others: "I don't want to follow the prince's guidance, because I am afraid of disappointing Zhai Heizi." At first, Cui Xi, the governor of Jizhou (Xindu of the state government), and Cui Mo, a man from Wucheng, had the same ancestors as Cui Hao, but they were not from the same tribe. Cui Hao always looked down on them and often bullied them.When Cui Hao was killed, the Cui surnames of the two families were spared.Cui Bi is the son of Cui Cheng (Cui Cheng, refer to February 397). On June 12, Tuoba Tao went to Yinshan in the north to inspect.After Tuoba Tao killed Cui Hao, he immediately regretted it in his heart. It happened that Li Xiaobo, the executive officer of the northern government (Northern Shangshu) and Xuan Chenggong, was seriously ill. It was rumored that he had passed away. Tuoba Tao mourned and said: "It's a pity for Li Xiaobo!" Then he corrected : "I was wrong, it's a pity for Cui Hao, but it's a pity for Li Xiaobo!" Li Xiaobo is Li Shun's cousin (Li Shun, refer to December 442).After Cui Hao's death, all military and state affairs were decided by Li Xiaobo, and Tuoba Tao's favor and trust in him was second only to Cui Hao. *Wei Shou said: Cui Hao is extremely talented, knowledgeable about the past and the present, understands the mysteries of the sky, understands the world, military strategy and political plan, no one can compare with him at that time, this is why he regards himself as Zhang Liang.At the time when Tuoba Si, the second emperor (Emperor Ming and Yuan), was working hard to govern, it was also the day when Tuoba Tao, the third emperor (Emperor Taiwu), opened up the territory.For Cui Hao, he obeyed his words and finally wiped out northern China.Since favor is honorable, hard work also increases.Although the stratagem is overwhelming, the authority does not make the Lord feel uneasy.Unexpectedly, in the end, it can't be preserved, isn't it because the birds have been shot, and the good bow must be collected!Too much resentment from the people will fill the pots; too much personal conspiracy will bring disaster.Why is such a wise person subjected to such torture!sad. Bo Yang said: Cui Hao's Prison is one of the largest suspected prisons in Chinese history.If it is only for him to expose the "evil of the country", then the record is full of loopholes. Gao Yun has admitted that he wrote it and has nothing to do with Cui Hao, but the sword light and blood shadow still cover Cui Hao!So some people think that it may be a battle of the Han nationality against the rule of the Xianbei nation, and Cui Hao conspired to revolt.This is a romantic idea. A high-level Confucian intellectual who believes in the philosophy of "being wise and protecting one's life" will never rebel if he takes the position of a prime minister who obeys his words in a rising and powerful government.The emperor murdered people who were not rebels, but falsely accused them of rebellion; but concealed them from those who really rebelled. Isn't it strange the logical trajectory?And how could Tuoba Tao regret immediately after the traitor was executed?Some people think that this is Cui Hao's retribution for encouraging the massacre of Buddhists, and they don't know what to say. It should come from the mouth of Buddhists, and non-Buddhists dare not comment. We believe that there are two reasons for Cui Hao's prison. First, it is still officially announced to expose the country's evil.The second is the court struggle. The question is, what is "national evil"?What kind of "national evil" has been exposed?Not a single word was mentioned in the previous one, not one word was mentioned in the "Book of Wei", and one word was not mentioned in the "Northern History", making it impossible for people to understand why Tuoba Tao was so furious?But we can be sure that this "evil" must be an evil that anyone would cast aside, and historians dare not reveal the slightest word.However, the Skynet is well-established, and it is sparse but not leaky. The "evil" can still be found in the cracks in the history books.The "evil" is astonishing. All historical books record that the murderer who killed his father Tuoba Shiyiqian was Tuoba Shijun, but in fact the murderer was Tuoba Gui. "Book of Jin Fu Jian Zai Ji" said: In 376, after the former Qin Empire wiped out the Qianliang Kingdom, it sent Fu Luo, the general of Anbei, to attack Tuoba Shiyiqian, who was then the acting king.Tuoba Shiyiqian was defeated and fled to the north. Fu Luo pursued him. Tuoba Shiyiqian was desperate and fled to Yinshan Mountain.His son Tuoba Gui subdued his father with violence and surrendered.Fu Jian was horrified by this rebellious behavior, so he sent Tuoba Shiyiqian to study in the National University, and exiled Tuoba Gui to Bashu (Chongqing City and Sichuan Province).It was not until after the Feishui War (refer to October 383) that Tuobagui followed his uncle Murongchui and entered Zhongshan (Dingzhou City, Hebei Province).And Tuobagui was the first emperor of the Northern Wei Empire (Emperor Taizu Daowu) and the grandfather of Tuoba Tao.Facing the grandfather who was respected and loved by the founder of the business, he was actually a rebellious son who betrayed his father for glory, and carved stones and erected monuments, publicizing it to the whole world. Regarding Tuobagui's behavior of betraying his father, under the design of a group of literary demons, an "Tuoba Shijun" of unknown origin suddenly appeared to act as the murderer; Names are almost the same), acted as a witness at the scene, making the father-son relationship between Tuoba Shiyiqian and Tuoba Gui a grandparent.The Tuoba royal family was as sensitive to this matter as a diseased tooth, not only forged a Tuoba Shijun as Tuoba Gui's father, but also denied that Tuoba Shiyiqian had ever been captured by the former Qin Empire; it was logical He also concealed the fact that Tuobagui betrayed his father for glory. "Songshu Suolu Biography" records: "Tuoba Shiyiqian was defeated by Fu Jian and taken captive to Chang'an." Why did the Northern Wei Empire insist on not telling the truth?Just because of a leak, several evils occurred concurrently.Cui Hao believed in Tuoba Tao's guarantee of "following facts and records", but he really "write whatever it is!" Gao Yun was fine because "Taizu Ji" (Tuoba Gui Biography) was written by Deng Yuan , and the biography of Tuoba Gui's father, Tuoba Shiyijian-who wrote the one that went wrong?Gao Yun kept silent, he knew what the problem was, so he knew he would not die.What's more, because he was on the right side, he was gaining the upper hand at this time. Cui Hao obviously offended the crown prince Tuoba Huang. Any legal heir to the throne is destined to have a tail wagging system. With Cui Hao's intelligence, he certainly understands that he cannot fight against the favored crown prince, but everyone has blind spots , but Cui Hao has two, one is that he actually believes in the guarantee of the autocratic leader, and the other is that he thinks he can defeat Tuoba Huang's tail wagging system.Gao Yun has already explained his crisis in one sentence: "In order to satisfy my own selfishness, I confronted the powerful and superior people." One abnormal thing is that since Cui Hao was arrested and executed, he was personally interrogated by Emperor Tuoba Tao, but he never said a word. History books describe him as "confused and can't be right", but Gao Yun is very organized; It is true that people who study history are all fools. We believe what some people say!A small person was accused, and he had to say a lot of reasons without reason. With Cui Hao's ability and eloquence, and facing the threat of the massacre of the five clans, it was he who appealed, defended, even asked for forgiveness, or even expressed his stern position. The only chance, how can you say nothing?It's not like he hasn't seen Tuoba Tao before, so how could he be afraid of being like that?When people are in despair, although they react differently due to different personalities, they are nothing more than swearing, talking eloquently, begging for grievances, or keeping silent and protesting in grief and indignation.But Cui Hao is not the case. When he was urinated on his head, face, and body by the guards, he could only wail. What is the reason?We believe that Cui Hao's mouth was damaged by torture and he can no longer speak.There are examples of the same type in history for reference. In the 1820s, the expeditionary force of the Qing Dynasty captured Zhang Geer alive in Xinjiang. Because they were afraid that he would speak out against the government to force the people to fight against the shady scene, they poured poison to make his tongue fester.When they met, Zhang Geer spat in the corners of his mouth and was in a miserable state. He couldn't answer a word of Min Ning's question, so he died inch by inch.Obviously, Cui Hao was poisoned from the very beginning. Violent villain and rascal—whether he is a monarch or a rogue, the biggest variable is the same, turning his face is faster than turning a book, and the last minute he confided in you and made a promise of gold, so that you are so moved that you are willing to do it for him Die, the next minute he's thrusting a knife into your chest. 6. In the beginning, Che Yiluo, the commander (marshal) of the Legion of Cheshi Kingdom (Xijiaohe City, Turpan City, Xinjiang) was a vassal of the Northern Wei Empire for generations.Che Yiluo plans to go to the capital Pingcheng to meet.Juquwuji, which was guarding Gaochang (east of Turpan City, Xinjiang), cut off the traffic roads. Che Yiluo continued to attack Juquwuji and defeated the Juqu army.Later, when Juqu Wuji passed away (see June 444), his younger brother Juqu Anzhou forced Juqu Wuji's son, Juqu Qianshou, to hand over the army he led.Che Yiluo sent people to lobby Juqu Ganshou, and Juqu Ganshou led more than 500 of his tribes to defect to the Northern Wei Empire.Che Yiluo also lobbied Li Bao (who went to Dunhuang in April 442) and more than 50 people, including Li Qin, his younger brother, to join him and send them to the Northern Wei Dynasty. Che Yiluo attacked Yanqi Kingdom (capital Yuanqu) to the west, and ordered his son Che Xie to stay in Cheshi City (Xijiaohe City, Turpan City).Juqu Anzhou led the troops of the Rouran Khanate (Hanhai Desert Group) to attack by small roads and break through Cheshi City.Che Xie fled and defected to his father Che Yiluo, together they recruited the remnants of the tribe and stationed them in Yanqi Town.He sent someone to the capital to write a letter to Tuoba Tao, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, saying: "Being attacked by the Juqu army, for the first and last eight years (Juqu Wuji attacked Gaochang in September 442), the people were poor and hungry, and they could not survive. I am here today. Abandoning the country and running away, only one-third of the survivors reached the eastern border of Yanqi and asked for relief from the central government." Tuoba Tao issued an edict ordering to open Yanqi's granary and rescue the Cheshi troops. 7. Murong Muliyan, Khan (eleventh term) of the Tuyuhun Khanate (Qinghai Province), could not bear the pressure of the Northern Wei Empire, so he wrote to Emperor Liu Yilong of the Southern Song Dynasty, requesting permission to move to Yuexiu County (Xichang City, Sichuan Province. 巂, sound xi) , Liu Yilong approved; but in the end Murong Muliyan did not go south. 8. Emperor Liu Yilong of the Southern Song Dynasty was preparing to counterattack the Northern Wei Empire.Xu Zhanzhi, the mayor of the capital Jiankang (Danyang Yin), Jiang Zhan of the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the State Council, and Wang Xuanmo, the governor of Pengcheng County, all agreed.Only General Liu Kangzu of the Left Army thought: "Half of this year is over, please wait until next year!" Liu Yilong said: "The people in the north could not stand the persecution of the barbarian (Northern Wei Empire) tyranny, and resistance forces continued to rise. The military action was postponed for one year. It is a blow to their centripetal force, so don't do this." Shen Qingzhi, the infantry commander of the Taiwomen (Prince Infantry Captain) objected, and advised: "We use infantry, and the enemy uses cavalry. The combat power is no longer their opponent. Tan Daoji went to the army twice, but he did not perform any meritorious service (April 423, Tan Daoji advanced to Dongyang; in February 431, Tan Daoji advanced to Licheng); when he attacked Yanzhi, he was also defeated and retreated (refer to November 430). Now, when examining Wang Xuanmo and others, their capabilities are not superior to those of the previous ones. The two generals; the strength of the armed forces is not as strong as in the past, and I am afraid that it will once again bring humiliation to the imperial army." Liu Yilong said: "The imperial army failed twice, and there are other reasons: Tan Daoji refused to attack with all his strength, and raised bandits to raise his status. However, it happened that Yanzhi's eye disease turned serious, which affected his strategy and combat. The barbarians relied on only one thing - horses; but this summer, there were heavy rains everywhere, and the rivers flowed unimpeded. The defenders at Qi (southwest of Chiping County, Shandong Province) will definitely flee; Huatai (Hua County, Henan Province) only has a small force stationed, so it is easy to attack. As long as these two cities are conquered, use the food and fodder accumulated by the enemy to appease the people. Hulao (Bashui Town, northwest of Xingyang County, Henan Province) and Luoyang, they will naturally be unable to keep them. When winter comes and the cities are connected to each other, if Man Geng’s war horses cross the Yellow River and go down, we will immediately capture them alive.” Shen Qingzhi still insisted not to launch an attack. Liu Yilong ordered Xu Zhanzhi and Jiang Zhan to argue with him. Shen Qingzhi said: "Running a country is like running a family. For plowing and farming, you should ask serfs; for spinning and weaving, you should ask maidservants. Your Majesty is now attacking a How can a powerful empire be discussed with a white-faced scholar who doesn't know the military!" Liu Yilong laughed.Prince Liu Shao and Central Military Director (General Guard) Xiao Si also tried to dissuade him, but Liu Yilong refused. Tuoba Tao, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, heard the news that the Southern Song Empire would attack aggressively, and wrote to Liu Yilong again, saying: "Our two countries have been reconciled for a long time, but you are so greedy that you lure the border residents of our country (referring to Gai Wu). In the spring of this year, I went south to inspect, and I took a look at my fugitives and deported them back to the motherland. Now, I heard that you plan to send them to your door in person. If you can go to Zhongshan and Sanggan River, please feel free to do as you please. I don't welcome you, I don't send you off. If you are tired of your country, you might as well come to Pingcheng to settle down, and I will also go to Yangzhou, and the two sides might as well change places. You are fifty years old and have never been out of the gate, although it is not Someone brought you here—you can walk yourself, but your mental journey is just a three-year-old baby, what should you look like compared to our Xianbei people who are growing fast! There is nothing extra for you, and Send twelve hunting horses, as well as felt, medicinal materials, etc. You have come from a long way, and you don’t have enough horsepower, you can ride on the horse I sent. If you are not acclimated to the soil and get sick, you can take the medicine I sent.” In autumn, on July 12, the counter-offensive war broke out (this is the third war between North and South).Liu Yilong ordered the Northern Expedition, saying: "Although the barbarians have suffered setbacks recently (referring to the failure to attack Xuanhu), the hearts of animals have not changed. Recently, Heshuo (North China Great Plains), Qinzhou (Southern Gansu Province), Yongzhou (Shaanxi Province) In the central part of the province), the Han people and barbarians went to the desert one after another, complaining about their hardships, longing for salvation, and secretly uniting, waiting for the emperor's benevolent army. Rui Rui (that is, the Creeping Rouran Khanate) also sent envoys to express them from afar. The sincerity and vows echo each other. The best opportunity for the Northern Expedition is today. Now, General Ningshuo Wang Xuanmo is ordered to lead the infantry commander Shen Qingzhi of the Taiwomen, and Shen Tan, the chief military counselor of the General’s Mansion of the Zhenjun (the town army counselor joins the army), to lead the The water fleet entered the Yellow River and was under the command of Xiao Bin, governor of Qingzhou and Jizhou (who was stationed in Dongyang at the time). Zang Zhi, the commander of the left guard of the crown prince (lead by the prince's left guard), and Wang Fanghui, the general of Xiaoqi, were ordered to point directly at Xuchang (Xuchang, Henan Province) Shidong), Luoyang. Xu, Liu Jun, governor of Yanerzhou, Wuling King Liu Jun, and Nanping Wang Liushuo, governor of Yuzhou (Shouyang, the state government), each led their own troops and set off at the same time in the east and west. Liang, Southern Qin, and Northern Qin Liu Xiuzhi, governor of the three prefectures (Nanzheng government), harassed Jian (western Shaanxi Province) and Long (southern Gansu Province). The commander-in-chief of the national armed forces (Taiwei) and Jiangxia King Liu Yigong entered Pengcheng and served as the commander-in-chief of the various armies of the Northern Expedition. "Shen Tan is Shen Zhong's great-grandson (Shen Zhongshi, refer to November 334). At that time, the whole country was mobilized, and the princes, dukes, princesses, and princesses, as well as all government officials, governors, sheriffs, and wealthy residents, each donated gold, silver, silk, and other sundries to the treasury.Due to lack of troops, Qingzhou (Shandong Peninsula), Jizhou (northwest Shandong Province), Xuzhou (north Jiangsu Province), Yuzhou (Anhui Province), Yanzhou (western Shandong Province), and Nanyanzhou (central Jiangsu Province) were recruited. All young people in the prefecture, "three to five men" (if there are three people in the family, one person will be transferred; if there are five people in the family, two people will be transferred), and they can also hire someone to go out instead.军令到达之后，给予十天时间，治装安家。沿长江五郡青年，在广陵（江苏省扬州市）集合；沿淮河三郡青年，在盱眙（江苏省盱眙县）集合。又招募全国马术精良、健步如飞，或会使用武器的壮士，都厚厚赏赐。主管单位又奏：军事费用及军用物资都不充足；于是，刘义隆下令调查京畿（扬州·江苏省南部及浙江省）、南徐州（江苏省南部）、南兖州、江州（江西省及福建省）四个州中，家产满五十万钱的富家，或私财满二十万钱的和尚、尼姑，一律强行借贷四分之一，等到战事结束，即行归还。 建武将军府军政官（建武司马）申元吉率军直指碻磝。 七月十七日，北魏帝国济州（州政府碻磝）州长王买德放弃州城，逃走。南宋青（州政府东阳）、冀（州政府历城）二州州长萧斌，派将军崔猛攻击乐安（山东省广饶县），北魏帝国青州（州政府乐安）州长张淮之也放弃州城，逃走。萧斌遂跟太子宫步兵指挥官沈庆之进驻碻磝，命王玄谟进攻滑台。南宋雍州（州政府襄阳）州长随王刘诞，派大营军事参议官（中兵参军）柳元景、振威将军尹显祖、奋武将军曾方平、建武将军薛安都、略阳郡（侨郡）郡长庞法起率军进攻弘农（河南省灵宝县东北）；后军将军府野战军事参议官（后军外兵参军）庞季明，年七十余，因为自己是关中豪族，请求准许他暗中进入长安，集结汉人和蛮夷，刘诞同意。庞季明遂从赀谷（河南省卢氏县南）进入卢氏（河南省卢氏县）；卢氏县人赵难收容他，庞季明遂游说及煽动知识分子和乡民，响应他号召的人，风起云涌，薛安都等遂乘势过熊耳山（河南省卢氏县东）；柳元景率军随后继续前进。豫州州长、南平王刘铄，派大营军事参议官（中兵参军）胡盛之从汝南（河南省汝南县）出发；梁坦从上蔡（河南省上蔡县）出发，攻击长社（河南省长葛县）。北魏帝国荆州州长鲁爽镇守长社，放弃城池，逃走；鲁爽是鲁轨的儿子（鲁轨，参考四一五年二月）。南宋帝国北伐军支队司令（幢主）王阳兒攻击北魏豫州州长仆兰，击破仆兰军，仆兰逃往虎牢。刘铄又派安蛮保安司令部军政官（安蛮司马）刘康祖增援梁坦，进逼虎牢。 北魏帝国政府官员听到南宋发动攻击消息，报告北魏帝拓跋焘，请求派军抢救沿黄河囤积的粮食和马匹。拓跋焘说：“现在，战马还没有养肥，天气还正在炎热，立刻反击不会胜利。如果宋国（南宋帝国）不肯停止，继续北进，我们不妨撤退到阴山暂时躲避。鲜卑人本来就穿羊皮做的裤子，要棉布绸缎干什么？能拖到十月，我就不再忧虑。”。 九月四日（南宋十月四日），拓跋焘率军南下，援救滑台，命太子拓跋晃驻军瀚海沙漠南，防备柔然汗国入侵；又命吴王拓跋余留守首都平城。九月十三日（南宋十月十三日），北魏政府征集各州郡青年五万人，分配给各野战军。 南宋帝国北伐主谋、宁朔将军王玄谟，军队声势旺盛，武器精良，本是一支强劲的战斗部队，但王玄谟刚愎自用，贪得无厌，性情凶暴，喜爱诛杀。初围滑台时，城中多半都是茅屋，大家要求用火箭攻击（滑台是五世纪时重镇，仍满城茅屋，人民贫苦可知）。王玄谟说：“那些都是我们的财产，为什么一下子烧掉。”而城中的北魏守军立即把茅屋撤光，挖掘洞穴，转入地下。当时，沿黄河、洛水一带居民，都向南宋大军送缴粮秣；而手拿武器，成群结队，投奔南宋大军的青年，每天都有数千人。王玄谟不维持这些群众的原来组织，却把他们拆散，分别配属给自己亲信的将领。发给每家一匹布，作为慰劳，但命每家交出八百个大梨，于是民心全失。王玄谟围攻滑台数月，不能攻克，听到北魏援军就要抵达；部属请求建立车阵——用车辆作为墙堡，王玄谟不理。 冬季，十月七日（南宋闰十月七日），拓跋焘抵达枋头（河南省淇县东南淇门渡），派关内侯、鲜卑人（代人）陆真于深夜时分，暗中穿过南宋军重围，进入滑台，安抚守城军民，并且登上城墙，察看王玄谟阵营措施情形，再暗中出城，回报拓跋焘。 十月九日（南宋闰十月九日），拓跋焘渡黄河南下，大军号称一百万，战鼓如雷，天地震动，王玄谟肝胆俱裂，急行撤退。北魏军追击，屠杀一万余人，王玄谟部队几乎逃亡得一人不剩，丧失的军用物资及武器，堆积如同山丘。 之前，王玄谟派钟离郡（安徽省凤阳县东北临淮关）郡长垣护之，率一百只小艇组成的舰队充当前锋，占领石济（河南省卫辉市东古黄河渡口），位于滑台西南一百二十里（两地航空距离二十七千米）。垣护之得到北魏军就要到达消息，飞函劝王玄谟发动猛攻，说：“从前，武皇（一任帝刘裕）围攻广固（南燕帝国首都·山东省青州市），死亡惨重（参考四一〇年二月）。何况今天的事，比那时更为紧急，怎么可以考虑到士卒的生死疲惫，第一要务是攻克滑台，立即屠城。”王玄谟不接受。等王玄谟撤退，来不及通知垣护之，北魏军团把俘虏王玄谟的战舰，用铁链连起，连接黄河南北两岸，一连三重，阻断垣护之退路。黄河水势湍急，垣护之把舰队驶到河中心，顺流而下，遇到封锁铁链，就用长柄大斧把它砍断，北魏军无法阻止，垣护之只损失一只小艇，其他安全返回。 Bo Yang said: 南宋帝国北伐中原的政治号召，是拯救水深火热、日夜盼望“祖国王师”的人民。而垣护之第一想到的，却是屠城。当滑台攻防战激烈之时，城中居民，暗祷上苍，保祐“祖国王师”获胜，却再料不到，如果“祖国王师”胜利，一城男女老幼，都要死在他们的钢刀之下。 南宋帝国青、冀二州州长萧斌，派太子宫步兵指挥官沈庆之率五千人增援王玄谟。沈庆之说：“王玄谟的部队，士气低落，身体疲劳，而蛮虏已经逼近，必须有数万人的兵力，才可以前进。五千人一支弱小部队，轻率应战，没有用处。”萧斌勉强他非出发不可，正巧，王玄谟逃回，萧斌要判处王玄谟死刑，沈庆之一再劝阻说：“拓跋焘威震天下，战斗部队有百万人之多，王玄谟岂能抵挡！而且，诛杀战将，恰恰暴露自己的弱点，不是好的办法。”萧斌才停止。 Bo Yang said: 王玄谟的嘴脸一向严肃，不苟言笑，俨然“君子不重则不威”。所贡献的北伐谋略，使南宋帝刘义隆怦然心动，兴起封狼居胥山的壮志。则王玄谟的智慧聪明以及才干能力，定有过人之处，刘义隆才把北伐大业交他之手。再料不到，他真正关心的原来只不过“八百大梨”。当大军溃败，那些扶老携幼，成群结队，而又缴了“八百大梨”的起义人民，被杀被屠时，恐怕怎么也不了解死因何在。使人兴悲！ 萧斌打算坚守碻磝（山东省茌平县西南），沈庆之说：“现在，青州、冀州，防务空虚，而我们坐在这里独守一座孤城，如果蛮虏向东攻击，清水（济水）以东地区（山东半岛），不会再是帝国的领土。碻磝四面被围，朱脩之守滑台一幕，恐怕再演（参考四三一年二月）。”正巧，南宋帝刘义隆诏书下达，不准萧斌撤退。萧斌再召集军事会议，各将领都认为应留下来固守。沈庆之说：“宫城外的国家大事，军事指挥官可以独断专行。诏书从遥远的京师颁发，不知道实地情况。阁下有一个范增（参考前二〇八年三月）却不能用，只坐在那里空谈，有什么意思！”萧斌跟在座的将领，忍不住同声大笑，说：“沈公，你可真有学问呀！”沈庆之厉声说：“你们虽然读了很多书，博古通今，可是，不像我用耳朵细心的学习。”萧斌遂命王玄谟驻防碻磝；命申坦、垣护之驻防清口（山东省梁山县·汶水注入济水处），而亲自率大军返回历城。（以上东战场） 闰十月，南宋帝国略阳郡郡长庞法起等各路人马进入卢氏，斩北魏帝国委任的县长李封，命赵难当卢氏县县长，由赵难率领他的部众，担任向导。大营军事参议官柳元景，从百丈崖（地望应在卢氏县南）随同大军，也进入卢氏。庞法起等遂进攻弘农。 闰十月三十日，庞法起向潼关（陕西省潼关县）推进。（以上西战场） 北魏帝拓跋焘展开全面反攻，下令各路人马同时出击：永昌王拓跋仁自洛阳攻寿阳，国务院执行官（尚书）长孙真攻马头（安徽省怀远县南马城），楚王拓跋建攻钟离（安徽省凤阳县东北临淮关），高凉王拓跋那自青州攻下邳（江苏省睢宁县北古邳镇）；拓跋焘自己从东平（山东省东平县）攻邹山（山东省邹县东南）。 十一月五日，拓跋焘抵达邹山，生擒南宋帝国任命的鲁郡（山东省曲阜市）郡长崔邪利。拓跋焘看到嬴政（秦王朝一任帝）的歌功颂德的石碑，命人把它推倒在地（前二一九年，嬴政上邹山，刻石立碑，歌功颂德）。同时命人用太牢祭祀孔丘（太牢：猪、牛、羊各一头）。 北魏帝国楚王拓跋建自清河（泗水上游）西进，驻军萧城（安徽省萧县）；将军步尼公，自清河东进，驻军留城（沛县东南）。南宋帝国武陵王刘骏（徐兖二州州长），派军事参议官（参军）马文恭率军增援萧城；江夏王刘义恭派带兵官（军主）嵇玄敬率军增援留城。马文恭被北魏军击败，步尼公在中途遇上嵇玄敬，率军直向苞桥（泡河桥·江苏省沛县西），打算向清水西撤退，沛县人民纵火焚烧苞桥，于深夜在树林中猛擂战鼓，北魏军认为南宋帝国主力军抵达，大为惊恐，争先跳入苞水（泡河，连接汴河与泗水）逃命，淹死的几乎有一半之多。（以上东战场） 南宋帝刘义隆下诏，任命柳元景当弘农郡郡长。柳元景命薛安都、尹显祖率领庞法起等，向陕县（河南省三门峡市）推进，柳元景则在后方征收粮秣捐税。陕县防守坚固，南宋各军围攻，不能攻克。北魏洛州（州政府洛阳）州长张是连提率战斗部队二万人，度过崤山险要，增援陕县。薛安都等在陕县南迎战，北魏军骑兵冲刺，南宋军无法抵抗。薛安都大怒，解下头盔，脱掉铠甲，只穿红色无袖汗衫，也除掉战马护甲。薛安都眼如铜铃，手持长矛，跨上坐骑，单人匹马，大声呐喊；往前突击北魏大军，矛锋所指，没有人敢挡；北魏军左右夹射，竟射不中。薛安都杀入复又杀出，杀出复又杀入，前后四次，杀伤北魏士卒，不可胜数。正巧日暮，南宋别动部队将领鲁元保率军自函谷关（河南省新安县）来援，北魏军才向后撤退。柳元景派副带兵官（军副）柳元怙，率步骑兵二千人增援薛安都等，于深夜抵达，北魏军并不知道。第二天，薛安都在陕县西南列营，将军曾方平对薛安都说：“而今，强敌在前，坚城在后，正是我们死亡之日。你如果不前进，我阵前斩你；我如果不前进，你阵前斩我。”薛安都说：“好极，你说得对。”于是，南宋军跟北魏军开始会战，疆场肉搏。柳元怙率军掠过南门，擂鼓呐喊，旌旗招展，杀奔而前，北魏军大吃一惊；薛安都奋不顾身，猛烈攻击，血流如注，凝结手肘，长矛折断，杀出换矛，再行杀入。南宋各路军士气如虹，战志高昂，自早晨酣战到黄昏，北魏军崩溃。南宋军斩北魏洛州州长张是连提，及将领士卒三千余人，北魏将士投入河沟而死的非常之多，投降的二千余人。第二天，柳元景赶到，责备投降的人说：“你们本是中国人，而今却替胡虏（北魏帝国）效力，直到打败才投降，为什么会这样？”大家异口同声回答：“胡虏压迫人民到沙场作战，迟出来的全族屠灭，用骑兵在背后驱逐我们这些步兵，没有作战，已先被格杀，这是将军亲眼看到。”各将领打算把投降的士卒全部屠杀（听了他们的陈述而竟然仍起杀机，这些将领，不过一群畜生），柳元景说：“而今，王师北上，当使仁爱的声音为我们开路。”下令释放，让他们回家，大家欢呼万岁而去。 十一月八日，南宋军攻克陕县。 庞法起等进攻潼关，北魏驻军司令（戍主）娄须放弃城池，逃走；庞法起遂占领潼关。关中民间英雄豪杰，风起云涌，纷纷背叛北魏帝国，四山（关中地区四面都是山）羌民族或匈奴民族（他们依山居住），都来表示归附。但南宋帝刘义隆认为：王玄谟在东方战场败退，北魏军南下，深入国境，柳元景等不应该孤军独进，于是，下令班师。柳元景命薛安都担任后卫，率军返回襄阳。刘义隆任用柳元景当襄阳郡郡长。（以上西战场） 北魏帝国永昌王拓跋仁攻击悬瓠、项城（河南省沈丘县），攻克。南宋帝刘义隆恐怕北魏大军攻击寿阳，命豫州安蛮保安司令部军政官（安蛮司马）刘康祖回军。 十一月十七日，拓跋仁率骑兵八万人，南下追击刘康祖，追到尉武（安徽省寿县西北），追及。刘康祖兵力八千人，副带兵官胡盛之建议靠山扎营，走小路赶向寿阳，刘康祖大怒说：“我们遥远的前进到黄河，搜索敌人（北魏帝国军），搜索不到。现在敌人自己送上大门，怎么反而逃避！”遂结成“车阵”，继续前进，下令军中：“回头逃走的，砍下人头；移脚后退的，砍下双足！”北魏军团四面八方攻击，南宋战士誓死抵抗，自早晨苦战到下午，击斩北魏军一万余人，血流成河，淹没脚踝。刘康祖身受十处创伤，而战志更为高昂。北魏军把部队分作三个梯次，用车轮战术，三分之二的人休息，三分之一的人作战。逐渐，天色黄昏，风势强劲；北魏军用骑兵驮草，采用火攻，刘康祖随毁随补，忽然飞来一支流箭，贯穿刘康祖颈项，从马上载下，身死；残余部队群龙无首，不能再战，霎时瓦解。北魏军追击阻截，几乎屠杀罄尽。 南宋帝国南平王刘铄，命左军将军府副军事参议官（左军行参军）王罗汉率三百人驻防尉武。北魏军突然大量涌到，大家打算逃到附近矮林中躲避自保，王罗汉认为上级命他据守尉武，不肯离开岗位。北魏军发动攻击，生擒王罗汉，用铁链锁住脖子，交给警卫指挥官（三郎将）看守。王罗汉乘夜袭击警卫指挥官，敲碎警卫指挥官头颅，抱住铁锁，逃到盱眙。 北魏永昌王拓跋仁进逼寿阳，纵火焚烧，劫掠马头、钟离。南宋南平王刘铄（豫州州长）登城固守。 北魏兵团占领萧城，距彭城十余里。彭城驻防的南宋边防军数量虽多，但粮草不足。全国武装部队总司令、江夏王刘义恭打算放弃彭城，返回南方。安北将军府大营军事参议官沈庆之认为历城兵力少而粮草多，打算采取“函箱车阵”（用武装战车在两翼同步前进），用精锐部队夹道护送两位亲王（江夏王刘义恭、武陵王刘骏）和两位王妃及女儿，北上历城；而交付一部分军队给军事总监（护军）萧思话，留守彭城。但全国武装部队总司令部秘书长（太尉长史）何勖却建议放弃彭城，全体军民，投奔郁洲（江苏省连云港市东沉积小岛），再乘船由海路南下，返回京师。刘义恭逃走的意志非常坚决，但在这两个方案中，采取哪个方案，高阶层会议讨论了一天，都没有决定。安北将军府秘书长（安北长史）兼沛郡（郡政府设萧城）郡长张畅说：“如果历城、郁洲能够到达，我怎么敢不高声赞成！而今，城中粮食缺乏，人民日夜渴望四散逃命，只因城门紧闭，关卡森严，不能出城而已。一旦出城，大家一定逃跑一空，我们想去的目的地，怎么能够走到？目前，粮食虽然不多，短期之内，还不至于吃完，岂有舍弃万安之地，而走危亡之路的道理。如果一定听从他们的计策，我要用脖子上的血，污染大王的马蹄。”武陵王刘骏也对刘义恭说：“阿叔，你既然是全军最高统帅，要走要留，我不敢多话。可是，我身为彭城一城之主（刘骏是徐、兖二州州长），却弃城逃生，实在没有颜面再在政府工作，我要跟彭城共存亡，张秘书长（张畅）的话，不可不听。”刘义恭遂停止。 十一月二十六日，北魏帝拓跋焘抵达彭城，在戏马台（彭城南）上设立行宫，俯眺彭城，观察城中动静。 南宋帝国军事参议官马文恭在萧城溃败时，小队长（队主）蒯应被北魏军俘虏；拓跋焘派蒯应到彭城小市门，向守军索取美酒和甘蔗。武陵王刘骏全数给他，并顺便请拓跋焘用骆驼作为回报。 第二天（十一月二十七日），拓跋焘派国务院执行官（尚书）李孝伯到彭城南门，送给刘义恭貂皮大衣，再送给刘骏骆驼及骡子，说：“我家皇上问候安北将军（刘骏武职），可以出城相见。我并不打算攻击此城，你们何必劳苦将士，戒备得如此辛苦。”刘骏派张畅出城跟李孝伯会面，对李孝伯说：“安北将军问候皇上，很希望能常常相见，只因为做一个臣属，不能跟外国人建立友情，因此难以抽出短暂时间。军事戒备，是沿边城镇常做的事，只要人民平安，虽然辛劳，也无怨恨。”拓跋焘索取广柑、橘子，又借赌博用的赌具，南宋守军全都送出。北魏军再送来毛毯，以及九种盐和胡豆豉（《魏书·李孝伯传》：“李孝伯推荐他送的九种盐，说：'白盐、食盐，皇上所食；黑盐，研成粉末，用酒冲下，可治肚胀；胡盐，治眼痛；戎盐，治疮痛；其他赤盐、驳盐、臭盐、马齿盐四种，不能食用。'”后四种可能当药用或拌入牲口草料。“胡豆豉”，合乎胡人口味的“豆豉”，是一种盐腌的豆）。又借乐器，刘义恭回答说：“身在军旅，没有带这些东西。”李孝伯问张畅说：“我们正在谈话，你们为什么匆匆关闭城门，拉起吊桥？”张畅说：“两位亲王（刘义恭及刘骏）因贵国大军扎营还没有稳固，将士疲劳。恐怕城中精锐武装部队十万人之众，不能忍耐，轻率出审，可能跟贵国大军互相践踏，所以才闭城断桥。等待贵国军队休养一段时间，士饱马腾，然后共同清扫沙场，指定日期会战。”李孝伯说：“客人以礼相待，会战日期，由主人决定。”张畅说：“昨天大批客人逼近城门，看不出以礼相待。”此时，拓跋焘派的另一位使节抵达城下，说：“向总司令（太尉刘义恭）、安北将军问好，为什么不派人到我这里来？两方面的感情，虽不能尽善尽美，但你们也应该看看我是高是低？是老是少？观察观察我的为人！如果左右助手不能派，派个低级军官来也行。”张畅以两位亲王的名义回答，说：“贵国皇上（拓跋焘）的形象和才能，从两国来往的使节口中，早就有具体印象。李执行官（尚书李孝伯）又亲自传达皇命，不担心不能彼此了解，所以没有再派使节。”李孝伯又说：“王玄谟不过一个庸才，你们怎么交给他如此重大的任务（指北伐北魏帝国），以致招来失败逃亡？自进入你们边境七百余里，当主人的（指南宋帝国政府）竟连一次像样的迎战行动都没有。邹山（山东省邹县东南）险要，是你们的屏障，前锋刚刚接触，崔邪利（鲁郡郡长）就吓得躲到山洞石穴里，将领们抓住他两脚，倒拖出来，我们皇上饶他一命，现在随我们军队来到这里。”张畅说：“王玄谟只是敝国一个偏将，根本谈不上