Chapter 10 Second decade of the fifth century (410-419)

1. In spring, on the first day of the first lunar month, Murong Chao (the second term) emperor (26 years old) of the Nanyan Empire (capital Guanggu) went to the Tianmen (South Gate) of the inner city to receive New Year greetings from civil and military officials. On the second day of the first lunar month, Murong Chao and his favorite little wife, Mrs. Wei, climbed the tower again. Seeing the strength of the Northern Expedition Corps of the Jin Empire (capital Jiankang), they were so worried that they held each other's hands and wept.Han Zhun, the director (leading general) of the Central Forbidden Army, persuaded: "Your Majesty is being tested by bad luck, and you should work hard to unite and cheer people up. Why are you just like children, so weak!" Murong Chao wiped away his tears and apologized.

The Premier of the State Council (Shang Shu Ling) Dong Shen suggested that Murong Chao surrender, Murong Chao was very angry, arrested Dong Shen, and imprisoned. 2. Sun Song, Duke of Nanping in the Northern Wei Empire (capital Pingcheng) led his army to attack the Rouran Khanate (Hanhai Desert Group). 3. Tuobasi (19 years old this year), Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty (the second Emperor of the Ming and Yuan Dynasties), because most of the local tyrants and evil gentry in the counties and counties became the scourge of the people, so he used a mildly worded edict to force them to concentrate in the capital (Pingcheng, the capital).The local tyrants and evil gentry were attached to their homeland and were unwilling to relocate. The county magistrates forced them to do so, so young people and rascals fled one after another, gathered in mountain nests and marshes, and started robbery careers. There were robbers everywhere.Tuoba Si summoned the "Eight Lords" (refer to October last year) to jointly study how to deal with it, saying: "My original intention is to eliminate harm for the people, but the county magistrates not only cannot appease, but create chaos. Nowadays, people who break the law Since there are so many, it is impossible to kill them all, so I plan to issue an amnesty order to make them feel at ease, how about it!" Yuancheng Hou Tuobaqu said: "The people disobeyed and fled, became robbers, and pardoned them without punishing them. If those in superior positions bow their heads to those in inferior positions, it is better to kill the chief culprits and only pardon those who agree with them." Baima Hou Cuihong said: "The main task of a sage king in ruling the people is to make the people stable, not to compete with them for victory." Negative. Although amnesty is not the right way, it can be used to achieve change. Tuoba Qu intends to kill first and then pardon, and the "killing" and "pardon" will be carried out twice. Don't you know that only "pardon" once can be stable? Forgive them, but they still refuse to lay down their weapons, and it will not be too late to kill them." Tuoba Si agreed.

On the 1st of the second month, general Yu Lifeng was sent to lead 10,000 cavalry to attack those who resisted the amnesty order. 4. Murong He Lailu, King Guangning of the Southern Yan Empire, and Gongsun Wulou, General Zhenglu, dug tunnels and went out of the city to attack the Northern Expeditionary Corps besieged by the Jin Empire. They could not win.However, the inner city of Guanggu, the capital, had been besieged for too long. Most of the men and women in the city suffered from severe limp feet.Murong Chao boarded the tower in a chariot, Yue Shou, the executive officer of the State Council (Shang Shu), persuaded Murong Chao, saying: "Nowadays, God helps the thieves (referring to the Jin army) to do evil, and our soldiers are withered and exhausted, and we are trapped in an isolated city alone. Severance, weather, personnel, everything can be predicted. Assuming that the destiny of the royal family is destined to come to an end, and even Yi Qi Fangxun (Yao) and Yao Chonghua (Shun) have to step aside, wouldn’t His Majesty consider a workaround?" Murong Chao He sighed and said: "Rise and death are destiny. I would rather die in battle than surrender to live with jade in my mouth."

On February 5th, Liu Yu invested all his troops and launched a strong attack on Guanggu. Some people warned Liu Yu: "Today is the day of death" It is going to die. Going to die), it is very detrimental to military operations." Liu Yu said: "I go, he dies, how can it be disadvantageous?" Attacking from all directions at the same time.Yueshou opened the city gate privately to welcome the Jin army.Murong Chao led dozens of cavalrymen around to break through and escape. The Jin army pursued him and captured him alive. Liu Yu accused him of refusing to surrender. During the time of Huanxuan, he defected to the Nanyan Empire, and should have established friendship with Murong Chao at that time).

Liu Yu resented Guanggu for not surrendering for a long time, and planned to bury all the soldiers and civilians alive, and rewarded the women to the soldiers.Sanqi attendant (Sanqi Changshi) Han Fan (formerly Premier of the State Council of the Nanyan Empire) dissuaded: "At the beginning, the Jin government moved to the south of the Yangtze River, the Central Plains was chaotic, and the people were helpless. , had no choice but to belong to him, hoping to be protected. Since the relationship between the monarch and the ministers was established, the subjects must of course be loyal to the king and do their best. The people of Guanggu are all high-level and ancient palaces and eunuchs. The imperial army of the empire launched a war in order to save the people in dire straits and eradicate crimes, but in the end they were all buried alive, so where will the people go? I think that from then on, the people in the northwest (referring to the post-Qin period) Empire) there will never be hope." Liu Yu apologized to him with a serious face.However, 3,000 people under the noble king and duke were still beheaded, and more than 10,000 family members were confiscated (since they are kings and dukes, most of them should be Xianbei people), and the Guanggu city wall was demolished.Send Murong Chao back to the capital Jiankang, kidnap him to the execution ground, and behead him (at the age of twenty-six. The Nanyan Empire was established in the fifteenth of the nineteen kingdoms, and the fifteenth rose and the eleventh fell. The second king. After the death of Nanyan, ten kingdoms stood side by side in China: the Jin Empire, the Later Qin Empire, the Western Qin Kingdom, the Northern Wei Empire, the Southern Liang Kingdom, the Northern Liang Kingdom, the Western Liang Kingdom, the Western Shu Kingdom, the Hu Xia Empire, Northern Yan Empire).

Sima Guang said: Since the Jin government crossed the Yangtze River in the south, the country's situation has been weak, and the Rong and Di are rampant, devouring the Central Plains like a tiger.When Liu Yu arrived, he began to lead the Wang division to level the Shandong Peninsula.Not at this time, respecting the virtuous and corporal, recruiting talents, appeasing the tired residents, cultivating a modest and peaceful atmosphere, washing away the brutal and dirty politics, making all the intellectuals respond to the wind, and making all the survivors raise their heels to hope; instead, they intensify and kill at will; In order to vent the momentary anger.Examining Liu Yu's government affairs in the field, he is not even as good as Fu Jiaban (former Qin Empire) and Yao Jiaban (later Qin Empire). No wonder he can't sweep the world and succeed in a beautiful and great cause!Isn't it because although he has wisdom and courage, he lacks benevolence and righteousness!

Bo Yang said: Murong Chao's life experience is like a legendary drama. If we don't know that this is real history, we will be amazed at the author's rich imagination.First, the former Yan Empire was destroyed, then the border town was settled, and the golden knife was given away. Then, the father participated in the military mutiny and was arrested.Then, suddenly, the beggar becomes Prince Charming, and Prince Charming becomes a wise king.The story that can only be found in European fairy tales was actually realized on the Chinese political stage in the fifth century, and Murong Chao went to Ma Erguan (east of Wulian County, Shandong Province) to meet his mother and wife, reaching its peak.It would be great if the footsteps of history stopped at the peak, but the ending is so tragic, and suddenly, Prince Charming fell from the throne, was regarded as a gangster, tied to the execution ground, and his head was beheaded!Writers with a softer heart can't bear to write such an ending, but history will.

Murong Chao is like many subjugated kings, and his ups and downs made his crimes more concrete and obvious.He jumped from being a beggar to the throne, and immediately forgot who he was-there are indeed many people in the world who can completely forget the past without leaving a trace.What does the Nanyan Empire have to do with Murong Chao?Murong Chao was still wandering the streets when others fought bloody battles to found a country. Once he took power, it seemed that he was Prince Charming and a wise king.Self-willed, self-important, self-righteous.He has only two reactions to other people's suggestions, one is to sternly reject, the other is to kill.What is especially unforgivable is that it challenges its strong neighbors.The Nanyan Empire was buried alive by him, but from the moment he was captured to the execution, he never changed his expression. He looked like a hero, but in fact he refused to admit his mistakes, was stubborn, and his mind was as rigid as a thousand-year-old fossil.

If the Nanyan Empire at that time was a democratic country, the Congress and public opinion would have blocked Murong Chao from using his wisdom. Wouldn't it not only have saved the empire, but also saved himself, saved so many soldiers who died in battle, and even saved the people who were killed? Three thousand men and women executed! 5. At first, Xu Daofu, the governor (Prime Minister) of Shixing County (Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province) of the Jin Empire, heard the news of Liu Yu’s Northern Expedition, and advised Lu Xun, the governor (inspector) of Guangzhou (Guangdong and Guangxi) (Lu Xun to accept the government official position For example, refer to April 405), and attacked the capital Jiankang under false pretenses, but Lu Xun disagreed.Xu Daofu personally went to Panyu (the county where the Guangzhou state government is located, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province) to analyze to Lu Xun: "We live outside the Ling (south of the Nanling), do you think it is logical to pass it on to our descendants? Because Liu Yu is powerful, it is difficult to make him an enemy, so we have to do this. Now, Liu Yu is attracted under the strong city, and there is no time limit for returning! Our men are all dare-to-die warriors who are looking forward to returning home (Bian Mindu It is a resident of the Taihu Lake Basin and the Qiantang River Basin), we use this group of returnees to attack He Wuji and Liu Yi's generation, it is easy. If we don't take this good opportunity, we will just be content with the status quo, just want to be happy day by day, In fact, the central government has always regarded you as a cancer in the heart. If Liu Yu defeated Sanqi (Shandong Province, the former place of the Nanyan Empire) and rested for a year or two, the emperor issued an edict to call you to the capital (capital Jiankang) ), Liu Yu personally stationed in Yuzhang (Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province), and ordered his generals to lead the elite troops across the Nanling Mountains to the south. I am afraid that even with the general's brilliance and martial arts, he would not be able to resist. Today's opportunity must not be lost. If you can First take Jiankang into your hands and destroy the foundation of the empire. Liu Yu will return to the army immediately, and there is nothing he can do. If you don’t agree, I will lead the troops of Shixing County to attack Xunyang (Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province).” Lu Xun was really unwilling to launch it, but he had no reason to persuade Xu Daofu, so he had to agree.

At first, Xu Daofu sent people to cut down shipbuilding timber in Nankang Mountain (Dayuling, one of the five mountains), transported it to Shixing County, sold it at a low price, and residents rushed to buy it. arouse suspicion.Now, all the collection and construction of ships will be completed in more than ten days.Lu Xun attacked Changsha County (Changsha City, Hunan Province) from Shixing County; Xu Daofu attacked Nankang County (Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province), Luling County (Jishui County, Jiangxi Province), and Yuzhang County from Shixing County. The county chiefs all abandoned the city and fled.Xu Daofu's fleet sailed down the Ganjiang River with a grand lineup.At that time, the good news of the elimination of the Nanyan Empire had not yet been sent back. The central government urgently recruited Liu Yu's class teacher. Liu Yu was considering staying in Xiapi (Beigupi Town, Suining County, Jiangsu Province) and planning to recover Sizhou (central part of Henan Province) and Yongzhou. (Central part of Shaanxi Province. At that time, the two prefectures were both the territory of the Later Qin Empire), and suddenly received an emergency edict, and ordered Han Fan to be the commander-in-chief of the eight counties of Qingzhou Military Region (the governor of the eight counties military. This Qingzhou refers to ancient Qingzhou, the homeland of the Nanyan Empire, equal to During the era of the Nanyan Empire, the commander-in-chief of various military regions across the country), and the county governor of Yan County (Qingzhou City, Shandong Province, the former capital of the Nanyan Empire); Linyi City, Shandong Province) Sheriff.

On February 26, Liu Yu returned to the army.Tan Shao is Tan Zhi's elder brother (Tan Zhi, refer to March 1, 404).Later, Liu Muzhi framed Han Fan and Feng Rong for rebellion and executed them. 6. He Wuji, the governor of Jiangzhou (the state government was established in Xunyang) and Ancheng Gong (Zhongsu Gong) of the Jin Empire, led the army from Xunyang to the south to meet him.Secretary-General (Chang Shi) Deng Qianzhi dissuaded: "The safety of the empire depends on this battle. I heard that the rebel ships are strong and located in the upper reaches of the Gan River. It is best to break the Nantang embankment and then stick to Yuzhang. The two cities of Xunyang and Xunyang are ready for battle, they will never dare to bypass us and advance ("Shui Jing Zhu": "There is Taihu Lake in the east of Yuzhang City, 226 steps in ten miles, the north end is on the same level as the city, and the south end reaches Nantang. It was originally the Thutu Lake of the Ganjiang River, but in the 1990s, Zhang Gong, the governor of Yuzhang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, blocked it." If it is excavated to make it unimpeded, the water level of the Ganjiang River will drop, and the Xudao shipwreck will run aground ). We reserve energy and wait for them to be exhausted before attacking. This is a perfect strategy. Now, the outcome depends on the success or failure of a battle. If you lose, it will be too late to regret.” Yin Chan, a military councilor (joining the army) said : "Lu Xun's people are all old thieves (referring to Sun En's tribe, the leader of the rebels) in the three Wu (Taihu and Qiantang River basins) who have experienced many battles. The gangsters recruited in Shixing County are agile and aggressive; Neither should be underestimated. The general should stay in Yuzhang County, recruit troops from all over the country, and wait until the armies from all walks of life are assembled before fighting. It is not too late. If you only use the existing troops and advance rashly, you may regret it. "He Wuji didn't accept it at all. On March 20, He Wuji's army and Xu Daofu's army met in Yuzhang County.Xu Daofu sent hundreds of strong archers to climb the hills on the west bank and shoot arrows at He Wuji's ship.But at this time, a westerly wind suddenly blew, and He Wuji's flagship boat was blown to the east bank.Xu Daofu's army took advantage of the wind and rammed the government army's small ship with a large ship, and the government army completely collapsed.He Wuji shouted sharply: "Give me the Su Wu Festival!" (This "section" should be a talisman that shows the emperor's authorization. Why it is called "Su Wu Festival" is unknown. It may describe the feeling as Su Wu, unyielding until death.) The talisman After handing it to him, He Wuji held the talisman tightly to supervise the battle.The militiamen attacked him from all directions, and he was not discouraged in his words and expressions. When he died, the talisman was still in his hand.The news of He Wuji's murder spread to Jiankang, the capital, which caused shock and horror at home and abroad, and government officials talked a lot. They planned to flee northward with Sima Dezong (29 years old this year), the emperor of Jin (the 16th An Emperor), and defected to Liu Yu. .Soon, it was discovered that the militia was still far away, and the chaos stopped. 7. The King of West Qin (capital Dujianshan) begged to attack and conquer Jincheng County (Lanzhou City, Gansu Province), which belonged to the Qin Empire (capital Chang'an). 8. The Heavenly King of the Hu Xia Empire (capital undecided) (one of the Martial Emperors) Liu Bobo (30 years old this year), sent the executive officer of the State Council (Shangshu) Hu Jinzuan to attack Pingliang (Huating County, Gansu Province).Yao Xing (45 years old), the heavenly king of the Later Qin Empire (the second Emperor Wenhuan), personally led an army to rescue, defeated Hu Xia's army, and beheaded Hu Jinzuan.Liu Bobo then sent his nephew Zuo General Liu Luoti to attack Dingyang (northwest of Yichuan County, Shaanxi Province), and buried more than 4,000 captured soldiers of the Later Qin Dynasty alive.Later Qin generals Cao Chi, Cao Yun, Wang Sifo and others led thousands of households and moved inward; Yao Xing resettled them in Huangshan (now unknown), Chencang (East Chencang Town, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) .Liu Bobo attacked Longyou (west of Longshan Mountain), broke through Baiyabao (now unknown), and pointed directly at Qingshui (Qingshui County, Gansu Province).Yao Shoudu, governor of Lueyang County (east of Tianshui City, Gansu Province), abandoned the city and fled. Liu Bobo forced 16,000 households to move to Dacheng (southeast of Hangjin Banner, Inner Mongolia).Yao Xing pursued him from behind, until he arrived at Shouquchuan (unknown today), but returned when he couldn't catch up. 9. In the beginning, the king of Nanliang Kingdom (the capital of Guzang) (the third king of Jing) bald-haired Xing Tan (46 years old this year), sent General Zuo Kumu and others to attack the Northern Liang Kingdom (capital Zhangye), threatening Linsong County (South of Zhangye City, Gansu Province) More than a thousand residents returned to the army.The leader of Beiliang (the second king of Wuxuan) and Zhangye Gong Juqu Mengxun (43 years old this year) took revenge by attacking the Kingdom of Nanliang, marching to Xianmei (northwest of Wuwei City, Gansu Province), and looting thousands of residents. go.The commander-in-chief (Taiwei) of the National Armed Forces of Nanliang (Taiwei) made a second attack on Beiliang, was defeated and retreated. In March, Bald Tan personally led 50,000 cavalry to attack Beiliang Kingdom for the third time. They fought in Qiongquan (unknown today), and Bald Tan was defeated. Xie Tan galloped back alone.Juqu Mengxun took advantage of the victory to surround Guzang.Residents in Guzang City remembered the cruelty of the Wang Zhong case (refer to May of the previous year), panicked, and suddenly collapsed. More than 10,000 households, both Yi and Han, surrendered to Juqu Mengxun.The bald-haired Xingtan was terrified when he found out that the people had turned their backs on him so much. He sent Jinggui, the Commander-in-Chief of the Beijing Railway Guard (Sili Lieutenant), and his son Jingtuo as hostages, asking for reconciliation, and Juqu Mengxun agreed.But Jinggui went to Hukeng (the current location is unknown), and fled back in a hurry, but Jingtuo was chased and captured by the Northern Liang army.Juqu Mengxun forcibly took away more than 8,000 families of residents in the occupied area. Zhe Quqi Town (Zhe Qu, double surname), the commander of the garrison of the Eastern District of Xiaodu in the Kingdom of Nanliang (General Right Guard), guarded Shilu Mountain (southwest of Wuwei City, Gansu Province) and rebelled.The bald-haired Tan was afraid of the threat of Juqu Mengxun, and feared that Zhequqi Town would conquer all of Lingnan (Ling, referring to Hongchiling), so he moved the capital from Guzang back to Ledu (Ledu County, Qinghai Province) ; and Cheng Gongxu, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Sinong), defended Guzang.As soon as the bald-haired Litan left the city, Hou Chen from Wei'an (east of Gulang County, Gansu Province) immediately closed the city gate and rebelled. General; Hou Chen claimed to be the governor of Liangzhou, and surrendered to the Northern Liang Kingdom. 10. The commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition Corps of the Jin Empire and the general of the Chinese army Liu Yu's squadron arrived at Xiapi, transported food and supplies by ship, and went south at a normal speed, and personally led the elite troops to walk by land to the capital Jiankang.Arriving in Shanyang (Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province), he heard the news of He Wuji's defeat and death. Worried about the fall of the capital, he ordered the officers and soldiers to take off their armor, double their speed, and march on their way. Liu Yu first led dozens of people to the north bank of the Yangtze River to inquire about the government news , The pedestrian said: "Lu Xun has not arrived yet, if Liu Yu comes back, there will be no problem." Liu Yu was overjoyed and immediately crossed the river, but the strong wind made everyone fearful.Liu Yu said: "If God still intends to help the empire, the wind will calm down automatically. Otherwise, what does it matter if you drown!" He ordered the boat to sail, and the strong wind stopped as soon as the boat left the shore.After crossing the river and arriving at Jingkou (Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province), people felt very peaceful. In summer, on April 2, Liu Yu arrived in Jiankang, the capital: due to the fall of Jiangzhou, he handed in a letter of return (resignation) from the Shangshu, and Jin Emperor Sima Dezong (29 years old this year) issued an edict not to allow it. Zhuge Changmin, governor of Qingzhou (overseas Chinese state government set up Dantu), governor of Yanzhou (state government set up Guangling. After Liu Yu was not governor of Yanzhou, the state government moved back to Guangling from Jingkou) governor Liu Fan, Bingzhou (overseas Chinese state government Set up Huaiyin) Governor Liu Daorian, each led the army to serve the king, and entered the capital to assist in the defense.Liu Fan is the cousin of Liu Yi, the governor of Yuzhou (where the state government is located).Liu Yi heard the news of Lu Xun's army's northern attack and was about to go out to stop it, but suddenly fell ill; when he recovered from his illness and was about to set off, Liu Yu wrote to Liu Yi and said: "I used to attack demons (referring to Lu Xun). They are ever-changing. They have just won an evil victory, and their spirit is not easy to resist. Now that the ship has just been repaired, it should be dispatched with you. On the day of victory, I will entrust you with all the important responsibilities of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River." Fan went to dissuade him.Liu Yi was furious, and said to Liu Fan: "At the beginning of the uprising, but temporarily elected him as the leader, you think I am really inferior to Liu Yu!" Which set out to the west to face the rebel army. When Lu Xun set off from Guangzhou (the state government is located in Panyu), he ordered Xu Daofu to attack Xunyang (the city where the Jiangzhou state government is located, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province), and he himself attacked the counties in Huzhong (Hunan Province).Liu Daogui, governor of Jingzhou (the state government is located in Jiangling) of the Jin Empire, sent troops to Changsha (Changsha City, Hunan Province) to fight, and was defeated.Lu Xun then arrived in Baling (Yueyang City, Hunan Province), intending to attack Jiangling (Jiangling County, Hubei Province) westward.When Xu Daofu heard the news that Liu Yi's army was coming, he sent someone to Lu Xun's office to report: "Liu Yi's army is strong, whether he succeeds or fails, we only look at this decisive battle. We should work together to destroy him. If After defeating Liu Yi, Jiangling (Liu Daogui) is not worth worrying about." Lu Xun immediately set off from Baling, joined forces with Xu Daofu, and went down the river. On May 7th, Liu Yijun and Lu Xunjun fought at Sangluozhou (a small island in the middle of the Yangtze River at the mouth of Poyang Lake). Liu Yijun was defeated. The soldiers abandoned hundreds of ships and jumped to the shore to escape; Captives, lost baggage, piled up like a mountain. At first, when Lu Xun arrived in Xunyang and heard that Liu Yu had returned to the capital, he still didn't believe it. After defeating Liu Yi, he confirmed the news from the prisoners: he and his cronies watched each other with pale faces.Lu Xun advocated retreating to Xunyang, capturing Jiangling, defending Jingzhou and Jiangzhou, and confronting the central government; Xu Daofu believed that he should take advantage of the victory and insist on this suggestion.Lu Xun hesitated for several days, but finally accepted. On May 8, the central government granted amnesty.Liu Yu expanded his recruitment, and the rewards he gave were the same as the rewards given to King Qin's army when he attacked Huanxuan in that year (404) (refer to October 406. The King Qin's army who attacked Huanxuan was rewarded the most and caused a sensation) ; Recruit the people to build the Stone City (northwest of Jiankang City).Someone suggested sending troops to guard each important pass separately. Liu Yu said: "There are many bandits (referring to the militia) and few government troops. If the troops are dispersed and stationed in various fortresses, it is easy for people to see the truth. Moreover, as long as there are The defeat in one place can depress the three armies. Now we concentrate on Stone City (northwest of Jiankang City). According to the needs of the situation, we can use cameras to prevent the enemy from judging how many people we have, and to concentrate our forces. If recruited from various places It’s another matter if the army can be assembled in turn.” When the central government received the news of Liu Yi's defeat, people were panicked and frightened.At this time, the Northern Expedition Corps returned to Beijing, and most of the generals and soldiers were either seriously injured or contracted diseases.However, the original armed forces left in the capital Jiankang did not exceed several thousand people.Lu Xun defeated two military regions (Jiangzhou and Yuzhou) in a row, with more than 100,000 soldiers, ships on water, and chariots and horses on land, flocking for a hundred miles; The defeated generals spread the strength of the militia to each other.The left executive director of the State Council (Zuo Pushe) Meng Chang, and the governor of Qingzhou (Dantu of the state government) Zhuge Changmin planned to abandon Jiankang and take Jin Emperor Sima Dezong to escape across the river. Liu Yu refused (north of the Yangtze River, there is no one The city can be defended. If Jiankang falls, Guangling, Liyang, Huaiyin, and Pengcheng will be nothing but a dead leaf).At first, when He Wuji and Liu Yi crusade against the militia, Meng Chang predicted that they would fail, and they failed.At this time, Meng Chang predicted that Liu Yu would not be able to resist Lu Xun; everyone naturally believed it.General Longxiang and Yu Qiujin (Yuqiu, surname complex) from Donghai County (Overseas Chinese County, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province) refuted Meng Chang at the Jinluan Palace meeting, thinking that it was just the opposite.Wang Zhongde, the military counselor of Daying (joining the army), suggested to Liu Yu: "Your Excellency should be ordered by the heavens to be the assistant of the empire. If we hear your triumphant return, we will run away and break up. If we flee first, we will be like a commoner. The commoner gives orders, who will listen to him! If the plan to leave the capital is approved, I will leave first." Liu Yu was very happy.While Meng Chang insisted on his opinion, Liu Yu said: "Now, the important forces of the empire are defeated and overthrown outside; the powerful bandits (referring to the rebel army) are pressing inward steadily, people are afraid, the situation is critical, and there is no confidence at all. Once the royal family moved, it would immediately fall apart. How could it be possible to reach the north of the Yangtze River even though it is close? Even if it arrived, it would only be a delay. Although our army is small now, it is still enough to fight. , I also want to die at the entrance of the royal sacrificial temple, to fulfill my lifelong volunteering to serve the country loyally, and never to flee and hide in the grass piles, lingering on my last breath, just to survive. I have made up my mind, so don’t say it again.” Meng Chang hated Liu Yu for not accepting him He thought that the ending must fail, so he asked Liu Yu to execute him first. Liu Yu said furiously: "You wait and see me fight this battle, and it will not be too late to die." Meng Chang found that Liu Yu could not adopt him anyway. So he went to Shangshu to express his position, saying: "Liu Yu's Northern Expedition, all civil and military officials did not agree, only I strongly agreed, so that the bandits (referring to the militia) took advantage of the opportunity and the empire was on the verge of extinction. It was all mine. Sin, now admit my sin and apologize to the world." Put the memorial in an envelope, seal it, and commit suicide by taking poison. On May 14, Lu Xunjun arrived at Huaikou (where the Qinhuai River flows into the Yangtze River), and martial law was imposed inside and outside the capital Jiankang.Sima Dewen, king of Langya, was the commander-in-chief of the imperial city defense military area (the commander-in-chief of the military forces in Miyagi), and he garrisoned the Zhongtang Dianting.Liu Yu's son, Liu Yilong, was only four years old. Liu Yu appointed Liu Cui, the chief military counselor (consulting in the army), as his assistant to guard Jingkou.Liu Cui is Liu Yi's younger brother. Liu Yu felt strange when he saw the people standing by the river and looking at the Jiangxin army. He asked the military council officer (joining the army) Zhang Xie what was going on. How dare you stand there and watch the excitement, now they are no longer afraid." Liu Yu said to the generals on his left and right: "If the thieves (referring to the militia army) push forward from Xinting (southwest of Jiankang City), they will be invincible." We might as well avoid it, it’s hard to predict who will win and who will lose. If we park on the west bank (Caizhou, a small island in the Yangtze River southwest of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province), it will be a dead end.” Xu Daofu asked to burn the ships at Baishi (now unknown) leading to Xinting, land the whole army, and attack Liu Yu in several ways.Lu Xun refused to take any risks, but hoped that nothing would go wrong. He said to Xu Daofu: "Before our army arrived, Meng Chang was so frightened that he committed suicide. Based on the analysis of the general situation, the opponent will change within the next few days. Now If you decide the outcome in a single battle and continue to pursue victories on the battlefield, you will not be absolutely sure that you will recover, but you will kill too many soldiers, so it is better to stand still." Xu Daofu sighed because Lu Xun was suspicious and lacked the ability to make decisions. Said: "I was finally implicated by Lu Gong. The matter will definitely not succeed. If there is a hero who leads the way, don't worry that the world will not be pacified." Liu Yu ascended the stone city and looked at the Changjiang people's warships. At first, he saw the ships sailing towards Xinting, and looked around, his face changed drastically.Soon, they were very happy to find that the warships of the mutated army had returned to berth at Caizhou, so all the troops turned to Stone City to gather.Liu Yu was afraid of Lu Xun's surprise attack, so he adopted Yu Qiujin's suggestion to cut down trees and block off Stone City and Huaikou with wooden fences.Repair Yuecheng (south of Jiankang City), build three fortresses of Chapu, Yaoyuan and Tingwei (all near Huaikou), and send troops to garrison. After Liu Yi was defeated, he fled in the wilderness, passing through the raw and cooked areas, and escaped with only one life. The people who followed him were hungry and exhausted, and seven or eight out of ten died. On May 15th, Liu Yi finally arrived in the capital Jiankang, awaiting his conviction.Liu Yu comforted him and ordered him to be the stay-at-home director of the commander-in-chief of all military regions across the country (knowing Chinese and foreign affairs).Liu Yi asked himself to be relegated, and the emperor issued an edict to demote him to be a rear general. 11. Sun Song, the Duke of Nanping in the Northern Wei Dynasty, crusade against the Rouran Khanate (Hanhai Desert Group), and marched to the north of the Hanhai Desert.The Rouran army pursued and surrounded Changsun Song in Niuchuan (west of Xinghe County, Inner Mongolia). On May 21st, Tuoba Si, Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, led his army northward to attack the Rouran Army.Rouran Khan (one Doudai Khan) Yu Jiulu Shesu got the news, retreated and fled, and died on the way.His son Yu Jiulu Duba was still young, and the tribe supported Yu Jiulu Shelu's younger brother Yu Jiulu Hulu, who was called Aidougai Khan (second term).Tuoba Si led his army back to Canhebei (east of Liangcheng County, Inner Mongolia). 12. Lu Xun, the leader of the mutated people of the Jin Empire, arranged an ambush along the south coast of Huaikou (the place where the Qinhuai River flows into the Yangtze River), and ordered the ships of old and weak soldiers to attack Baishi (the location is unknown today), claiming that the army will land and fight at Baishi.Liu Yu ordered Shen Linzi and Xu Chite, the military counselors (joining the army), to garrison the south bank of the Yangtze River and cut off the road leading to Chapu (southwest of Stone City); strictly stipulated that they could only defend to the death and not fight.Liu Yu, Liu Yi and Zhuge Changmin led an army north from Stone City to resist.Shen Linzi said: "Although the monsters (referring to the converted civilian army) do not necessarily do this kind of propaganda, they should be strictly guarded against." Liu Yu said: "The terrain of Stone City is dangerous, and the fortifications of Huaikou are strong. Let you stay there. It can be defended enough." Shen Linzi is the son of Shen Mufu (Shen Mufu is the magistrate of Yuyao County appointed by Sun En, refer to December 1999). On May 29th, Lu Xun set fire to Chapu and advanced to Zhanghou Bridge (unknown today).Xu Chite was going to fight, but Shen Lin said: "The demon thief (referring to the militia army) claimed to attack Baishi, but he kept attacking us. We can see his intentions. We are few, they are many, and they are outnumbered. It is better to hold on and wait. Large army." Xu Chite disagreed, so he sent out an army to attack; the militiamen ambushed and raised up, Xu Chite was defeated, and fled to the north bank of the Qinhuai River in a small boat.Shen Linzi and General Liu Zhong guarded the Muzha fortifications and fought hard. When the reinforcements led by Zhu Lingshi arrived, the militiamen retreated.Lu Xun led a large number of elite troops to reinforce and arrived at the capital Jiankang (Danyang County, on the south bank of the Qinhuai River). Liu Yu immediately returned to Stone City from the riverside to kill Xu Chite.After getting a full rest, they crossed the Qinhuai River in the south and built fortifications. 13. In June, the Jin Empire government appointed Liu Yu as the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces (Taiwei) and the chief legislator of the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshujian), and also granted the emperor a special copper ax (fake yellow axe) for killing.Liu Yu accepted the copper axe, but resolutely declined other official positions.He also appointed Yu Yue, the military and political officer of Cheqi General's Mansion and Zhongjun General's Mansion (Cheqi Zhongjun Sima) as governor of Jiangzhou.Yu Yue is the son of Yu Zhun (Yu Zhun is the grandson of Yu Liang). 14. Sima Guofan, the rebel general of the Jin Empire, followed his younger brothers Sima Shufan and Sima Shudao, and then defected to the Later Qin Empire (the three went to the Nanyan Empire, refer to February 406; Nanyan died, and then fled to the Later Qin Empire) .Yao Xing, the king of the Later Qin Empire, said: "Liu Yu killed Huan Xuan (refer to May 404) and assisted the royal family. Why do you still flee?" Sima Guofan and others replied: "Liu Yu is not assisting the royal family, but It is to weaken the royal family, Liu Yu will eradicate those with a little talent in the royal family, and the damage to the empire is more serious than Huan Xuan." Yao Xing appointed Sima Guofan as the governor of Yangzhou (empty official title), and Sima Shudao as the governor of Jiaozhou ( empty title). 15. Lu Xun, the leader of the rebels of the Jin Empire, could not rob food in the counties and counties near the capital Jiankang, and said to Xu Daofu: "The army is exhausted, it is better to go back to Xunyang and attack Jingzhou with all your strength (the state government is located in Jiangling) , control two-thirds of the territory of the world, and gradually compete with Jiankang in the future." In autumn, on July 10th, Lu Xun began to retreat. He went up from Caizhou and asked the army to find Yang. He left his general Fan Chongmin and led 5,000 people to garrison Nanling (Guichi City, Anhui Province). On July 14th, Liu Yu sent General Wang Zhongde to assist the country, Liu Zhong, the governor (prefect) of Guangchuan County (Overseas County), and the governor (internal history) of Lanling County (Overseas County, Jiangsu Province) in Hejian County (Overseas County) Kuai En from the northwest of Changzhou City, the province, and Meng Huaiyu, the Chief Military Counselor of the General's Mansion of the Chinese Army (the Chinese Army consulted and joined the army), led the army to pursue Lu Xun. 16. On July 15th, Emperor Tuoba of the Northern Wei Dynasty returned to the capital Pingcheng. 17. The King of Western Qin (the capital of Dujian Mountain) begged Qiangui to crusade against more than ten tribes including Yuezhi Quji (who was stationed in Chengji) (Yuezhi Quji rebelled against Western Qin, surrendered to Later Qin, and was granted official duties in Pingxiang, refer to three December 1996. Hu Sansheng's original note: "Quji is another translation of Jiegui."), surrendered 15,000 of their tribe, and forcibly moved to Yuanchuan (northeast of Yuzhong County, Gansu Province). In August, he begged to go back and then set the capital in Yuanchuan. 18. The leader of the Kingdom of Northern Liang (capital Zhangye) (the second king of Wuxuan), Duke Juqu Mengxun of Zhangye attacked the Kingdom of Xiliang (capital Jiuquan), defeated Xiliang's son Li Xin in Mamiao (unknown today), and captured Xiliang alive General Zhu Yuanhu, class teacher.The leader of Xiliang (the first king of Wuzhao) and Lianggong Li Hao (sixty years old this year) redeemed Zhu Yuanhu with two thousand catties of silver and two thousand taels of gold.Juqu Mengxun sent Zhu Yuanhu back, reconciled and formed an alliance with Li Hao and returned. 19. General Liu Yu of the Chinese Army of the Jin Empire returned to Dongfu (Jingkou·Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province) and actively built ships.General Jianwei Sun Chu from Kuaiji County (Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province) and Zhenwu General Shen Tianzi led a naval fleet of 3,000 people southward from the Taiwan Strait to attack Panyu (Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province).Shen Tianzi is Shen Linzi's older brother (Shen Linzi, refer to May 21 this year).Everyone thought: "On the sea, the waves are raging, the distance is difficult, and the existing forces are dispersed; capturing Guangzhou (Panyu, the state government) is not the current urgent task." Liu Yu ignored it and ordered Sun Chu to say: At the beginning of December, the army must defeat the demons (referring to the militant army), and when you arrive in Panyu, first destroy their lairs and make them homeless when they flee." 20. Qiao Zong, the king (first term) of the Western Shu Kingdom (capital Chengdu), sent a senior consultant (servant) Qiao Liang to wait until the capital of the Later Qin Empire (capital Chang'an) to meet with the king of heaven, Yao Xing, and asked to send troops to crusade against the Jin Empire.Qiao Zong ordered Huanqian to be the governor of Jingzhou, and Qiao Daofu to be the governor of Liangzhou. He led an army of 20,000 and went eastward to attack Jingzhou of the Jin Empire.Yao Xing sent his former general Gou Lin to lead his cavalry south to join the army. Ever since Lu Xun went to Jiangling, there has been no news from the central government, and bandits have sprung up from all over the place.Liu Daogui, governor of Jingzhou, sent a military and political officer (Sima) Wang Zhenzhi, Tan Daoji, the governor of Tianmen County (Shimen County, Hunan Province), and Pengcheng County (Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province), the general of Guangwu, to the east of Yanzhi to rescue the capital Jiankang.檀道济，是檀祗的老弟（檀抵，参考四〇四年三月一日）。 军政官（司马）王镇之军抵达寻阳，被后秦帝国前将军苟林击败。卢循得到消息，任命苟林当南蛮保安司令（南蛮校尉），配属给他一部分军队，命他乘胜攻击江陵，宣称：徐道覆已攻陷建康。桓谦在中途招集过去恩义相结的旧部，人民归附的达二万人，于是，进驻枝江（湖北省枝江县），苟林进驻江津（湖北省江陵县），东南两支武装部队像螃蟹的双螯一样，钳住江陵，城中人士纷纷盼望变天。刘道规集合将士，宣告说：“桓谦就在附近，听说各位长辈有离开的意思，随我从东方来江陵的文武官员，足可以应付变局。如果有人要走，我不禁止。”于是彻夜打开城门，到天亮都不关闭。大家畏惧佩服，没有人离去。 雍州（州政府襄阳）州长鲁宗之率部众数千人，从襄阳（湖北省襄樊市）前往江陵。有人指出，鲁宗之的立场难以预测，刘道规单人匹马，前去迎接，鲁宗之既感动又喜悦。刘道规请鲁宗之留守江陵，当做亲信，而自己率军出城攻击桓谦。各将领都说：“现在出城讨伐桓谦，并没有胜利的绝对把握。苟林就在江津（江陵县东南），近在咫尺，监视我们动静，假如乘虚攻城，鲁宗之未必能守得住。万一发生意外，大势就去了。”刘道规说：“苟林愚蠢而又胆小如鼠（这种将领，后秦竟派他出国，其他将领的能力可知），没有其他计谋；他认为我离城不远，一定不敢攻城。我这次攻击桓谦，大军一经抵达，马上就可取得胜利。苟林还在那里沉吟犹豫，我己经凯旋。桓谦失败，则苟林的胆都吓破，怎么敢来？而且，鲁宗之守城，难道几天都支持不住！” 于是，刘道规对桓谦发动攻击，水陆两军同时并进。桓谦等出动所有船舰以及步骑兵混合兵团，在枝江会战。晋军天门郡（湖南省石门县）郡长檀道济奋不顾身，领先冲锋陷阵，桓谦等大败。桓谦乘小艇逃走，打算投奔苟林，刘道规追及，斩首。刘道规班师，到达涌口（湖北省监利县。涌水连接长江与夏水的小河），攻击苟林，苟林也逃走；刘道规派首席军事参议宫（咨议参军）临淮郡（江苏省盱眙县）人刘遵率军追击。 最初，桓谦在枝江，江陵城内知识分子和平民很多人写信给桓谦，透露城中虚实动静，打算充当内应。刘道规既击破桓谦，在桓谦大营中检查到这些信件，刘道规下令全部焚烧，一封信也不看，民心才归于安定。 21、晋帝国江州州长庾悦命鄱阳郡（江西省波阳县）郡长虞丘进当前锋司令，不断击败卢循的部队，遂进驻豫章郡（江西省南昌市），切断卢循从番禺运输粮秣的补给线。 九月，刘遵追到巴陵郡（湖南省岳阳市），斩苟林。 桓石绥（参考四〇六年十二月）利用卢循军事行动，在洛口（洛谷水注入汉水处·陕西省洋县）聚众起兵，自称荆州州长；微阳（湖北省竹山县西北）县长王天恩，自称梁州州长，袭击西城（魏兴郡·陕西省安康市）。晋帝国梁州（州政府魏兴）州长傅韶，派他的儿子、魏兴郡（陕西省安康市）郡长傅弘之讨伐桓石绥等，全都斩首。桓姓家族遂被屠灭。傅韶，是傅畅的孙儿（傅畅，参考三一一年十月）。 Bo Yang said: 桓姓家族的社会地位，居于最高阶层，权势和财富交集，盘根错节，除非叛变失败，其他任何方法，都不能使他们灭绝。 专制封建社会里，最危险的行为就是夺取政权，王始属于典型代表。这种走马灯似的循环，永无止境的屠杀，对中国人而言，完全没有能力解决，直到西方民主政治传入，清王朝皇族爱新觉罗家属才总算保住性命，没有一个人砍头。所谓五千年的传统文化，每一位开国的所谓“英明领袖”，“太祖”“太宗”之类，都是在那里玩命。 我们对王始帝国的公卿将相，深表哀悼。失败，当然灭九族；即令成功——再大的成功，最后仍是一团血腥（自古没有不亡之国），也同样付出九族。我们盼望终有一天，任何夺权的有志之士，都不必付出屠灭的代价，而大小当权派官员，也不必用杀戮保卫自己，大家都能快快乐乐的上坐，平平安安的下台。枪杆办不到这些，公正的选举可以办到。 22、西秦王乞伏乾归攻击后秦帝国的略阳（甘肃省天水市东）、南安（甘肃省陇西县东南）、陇西（甘肃省陇西县）各郡，全都攻克，把居民二万五千户人家强迫迁移到首都苑川及枹罕（甘肃省临夏市）。 23、九月五日，北魏帝国把一任帝（太祖道武帝）拓跋珪安葬在故都盛乐（内蒙古和林格尔县）金陵（盛乐城西北），谥号称宣武皇帝，庙号烈祖（四二〇年五月，谥号改称道武皇帝，四九一年七月，祭庙改称太祖）。 24、晋帝国后将军刘毅坚决清求率军讨伐卢循。秘书长（长史）王诞向刘裕秘密警告说：“刘毅既然丧师败军，最好是不要他再去建立功劳。”刘裕接受。 冬季，十月，刘裕率兖州（州政府设广陵）州长刘藩、宁朔将军檀韶、冠军将军刘敬宣等西上攻击卢循。命刘毅当全国武装部队司令部留守总监（监太尉留府），后方所有事情，完全托付。 十月十四日，刘裕大军从首都建康出发。 25、晋帝国变民军首领徐道覆率部众三万人，攻击江陵，突然在破冢（江陵县东南）出现。这时鲁宗之（雍州州长）已返襄阳（湖北省襄樊市），刘道规急派人追他回来，已来不及，于是全城震动，人民恐慌。有人传播消息说：卢循已夺取京师，派徐道覆来当州长。但江汉（湖北省）知识分子和平民，感激刘道规焚毁书信，不再追究的恩德，不再三心二意。刘道规派首席军事参议官（咨议参军）刘遵出城率领别动部队，游击作战；而自己到豫章口（湖北省江陵县东南）抗拒徐道覆的主力；前锋被变民军击退，但刘遵军对变民军拦腰攻入，遂大破徐道覆，格杀一万余人，其他的人投入长江，几乎死光。徐道覆乘一艘小艇，逃回湓口（江西省九江市）。 最初，刘道规派刘遵担任别动部队，大家都认为：强大的敌人正在面前，自己部众只会嫌少，不应该再分割一部分出去，放到毫无用处的位置。等到击败徐道覆，全靠别动部队的力量，大家才万分佩服。 26、鲜卑民族仆浑部落，羌民族句岂部落、输报部落、邓若部落等二万户人家，归降西秦王国（首都苑川。这四个部落在哪里，没有说清楚）。 27、晋帝国辅国将军王仲德等听到刘裕征讨大军就要到达，遂进攻变民军将领范崇民据守的南陵。范崇明船舰紧夹长江，分别停泊南北岸。 十一月，广川郡（侨郡）郡长刘钟自动侦察敌情，大雾弥漫，变民军用铁钩钩住刘钟乘坐的小艇。刘钟跟左右武士乘势攻击变民军船舰甲板，变民军紧急关闭舰桥拒抗，刘钟才从容回营，跟王仲德联合向范崇民发动总攻，范崇民撤退。 28、晋帝国变民军根据地广州（州政府设番禺）留守部队认为敌人绝不可能从海上攻击，所以毫无戒备。 十一月二日，晋帝国建威将军孙处的海军舰队出其不意地突然出现，正巧天降大雾，孙处包围广州，四面八方进攻，当天即行攻克。安抚原有住民，诛杀卢循的亲友党羽，全军备战，严密防守；一面派振武将军沈田子等攻击岭南（南岭以南）地区各郡县。 29、十一月五日，晋帝国益州（州政府设巴东郡）州长鲍陋逝世。西蜀王国（首都成都）辅国将军谯道福，攻陷晋帝国的巴东郡，斩巴东郡郡长温祚、龙骧将军时延祖（温祚退守巴东郡，参考前年七月）。 30、晋帝国中军将军刘裕驻军雷池（安徽省宿松县东南大官湖）。变民军首领卢循宣称：绝不向雷池进攻，而要再度顺流东下，进攻首都建康。刘裕知道卢循要作一次决战。 十二月一日，刘裕移军大雷（安徽省望江县）。 十二月二日，卢循、徐道覆率变民军数万人顺江而下，长江之上，塞满船舰，先头看不到后尾。刘裕出动所有轻量级船舰，各路大军，一齐进击；事先，在南岸布置步骑兵混合部队，准备纵火工具。然后在北岸用强弓射击变民军船舰，而西风又起，变民军船舰遂被逼向南岸。岸上政府军开始火攻，火球如雨，投向变民军船舰，火焰冲天，烟屑四散，变民军遂全部崩溃。卢循率残余返回寻阳，打算南下豫章，于是在左里（江西省都昌县北）全力构筑防御工事，封锁航道，企图阻止政府军追击。 十二月十八日，政府军抵达左里，不能前进。刘裕指挥大军攻击，手中指挥旗的旗杆却忽然折断，指挥旗落到水中，左右人士大为惊骇恐惧，认为是一种不样之兆。刘裕笑说：“当年，覆舟山之役（讨伐桓玄时，在后舟山击败桓谦。参考四〇四年三月二日），指挥旗旗杆也这样折断！现在历史重演，一定消灭妖贼（指变民军）。”果然攻破阻挠工事，向前挺进。变民军誓死拒战，但无法阻止政府军。最后，变民军瓦解，卢循乘小艇逃走，变民军被杀及投江淹死的有一万余人。政府军收容投降的变民，宽恕被裹胁强迫参与的人；派刘藩、孟怀玉率轻装备部队追击。卢循收拾残兵败将，集结数千人，一直返回番禺，徐道覆则逃往始兴郡（广东省韶关市）。 刘裕自行任命（版授）建威将平褚裕之代理广州州长。褚裕之，是褚裒的曾孙（褚裒，参考三三四年六月）。 刘裕返首都建康，后将军刘毅讨厌刘穆之，每次在气氛融洽的时候，总是警告刘裕：刘穆之的权力太大。但刘裕反而对刘穆之更为信任。 31、北燕帝国（首都和龙城）广川公冯万泥、上谷公冯乳陈，自以为身属皇族，建立创业大功，应该留在中央政府担任三公辅佐高官。可是天王（二任文成帝）冯跋，却认为二人镇守的城池是帝国最重要的基地，责任重大，所以很久没有征召二人回京（首都和龙城），二人至为怨恨（冯万泥是幽州州长，镇守肥如。冯乳陈是并州州长，镇守白狼）。 本年，冯乳陈秘密派人报告冯万泥，说：“我有精密的计划，打算跟叔父共同实施（冯乳陈是冯跋亲弟，冯万泥是冯跋堂弟，参考四〇七年七月；不知何以变成叔侄）。”冯万泥遂奔往白狼，跟冯乳陈一同叛变。冯跋命汲郡公冯弘和将领张兴，率步骑兵二万人讨伐。冯弘先派人向他们分析祸福，冯万泥打算投降，冯乳陈拒绝。张兴对冯弘说：“叛军声言明天出战，今晚一定发动夜袭，应早早戒备。”冯弘秘密下令：每人采摘野草十束，准备好火种，布置埋伏，严阵以待。入夜，冯乳陈果然派敢死队一千余人，用大刀巨斧，砍营而入。霎时间政府军火把齐举，照耀得如同白昼，伏兵突起，从背后攻击，俘虏及斩杀无数。冯万泥、冯乳陈恐惧，出城投降；冯弘把二人斩首。 冯跋命范阳公冯素弗当最高指挥官（大司马），改封辽西公；冯弘当骠骑大将军，改封中山公。 1、春季正月十二日，晋帝国（首都建康）中军将军刘裕，返首都建康。 2、后秦帝国（首都长安）广平公姚弼深受老爹、天王（二任文桓帝）姚兴（本年四十六岁）的宠爱，当雍州州长（刺史），镇守安定（甘肃省镇原县东南曙光乡）。智囊姜纪（由后凉王国投奔南凉王国，再由南凉王国投奔后秦帝国；参考四〇一年八月），用谄媚攀附上进，建议姚弼结交姚兴左右当权人物，希望调回中央。姚兴果然征召姚弼返京，当国务院总理（尚书令）、高级咨询官（侍中）、最高统帅（大将军）。姚弼遂礼贤下士，跟中央文武官员建立友谊，树立名誉，增加声势，目的在颠覆太子姚泓；政府官员都厌恶他这种企图。正巧，西北地区叛乱层出不穷，姚兴打算派有分量的将军前往镇压安抚；陇东郡（甘肃省平凉市西北）郡长郭播，请求选派姚弼；姚兴不肯，而擢升祭祀部长（太常）索稜告全国武装部队总司令（太尉），兼陇西郡（甘肃省陇西县）郡长（内史），命他怀柔招抚西秦王国。 西秦王国（首都苑川）国王（二任武元王）乞伏乾归派使节送回过去所掳掠的郡长、县长，表示道歉请求投降。姚兴派藩属事务部长（鸿胪）前往任命乞伏乾归当陇西岭北各夷族部落军区司令长官（都督陇西、岭北、杂胡诸军事）、征西大将军、河州（州政府设枹罕）全权州长（牧）、单于，封河南王；太子乞伏炽磐当镇西将军、左贤王，封平昌公。 姚兴下令文武官员调查推荐贤能。国务院右执行长（右仆射）梁喜说：“我屡次接到诏书，而始终没有发现适当人选，可以说世上缺少人才。”姚兴说：“自古以来，帝王兴起，从不在古人行列里挑选宰相，也从不等待还没有出生的人来当大将。随时随地，都有人才，能使国家得到治理。你自己没有见识，头脑不清，怎么可以信口开河，诬称四海无人！”文武官员十分欢悦。 Bo Yang said: 姚兴的话，十分精彩。然而，对人的观察，不能看他说什么，还应看他做什么；如果只看他说什么，近代大众传播媒体充塞每个角落，一旦控制在当权分子之手，暴君全都成了可爱的小白兔。 姚兴不是一个坏人，但也绝对谈不到智慧，偶尔说了两句聪明的话，也到此为止，并没有能力实行。有些人就是这样，在言论上是一个明白的人，在行动上是一个糊涂蛋。 3、后秦帝国安远将军姚详驻防杏城（陕西省黄陵县），受到胡夏帝国（首都未定）天王（一任武烈帝）刘勃勃（本年三十一岁）的压力，向南撤退到大苏堡（杏城南）；刘勃勃派平东将军鹿弈干追击，斩姚详，俘虏所有的部众。 刘勃勃再攻击安定，在青石北原（安定东）击破后秦帝国国务院执行官（尚书）杨佛嵩，接受后秦官兵四万五千人投降；遂再进攻东乡（安定东），攻克，把居民三千余家强迫迁到贰城（陕西省黄陵县西北）。 后秦帝国镇北将军府军事参议官（镇北参军）王买德投奔胡夏帝国，天王刘勃勃问他消灭后秦的策略，王买德说：“秦国（后秦帝国）国势虽然衰败，但各军区的战斗实力仍然保持。现在只有累积自己的力量，等待时机。”刘勃勃任命王买德当警卫参谋指挥官（军师中郎将）。后秦天王姚兴派卫大将军、常山公姚显迎接姚详，已来不及，遂留驻杏城。 4、晋帝国兖州（州政府设广陵）州长刘藩，率孟怀玉等各将领追击变民首领卢循，到达岭南（南岭以南）。 二月五日，孟怀玉攻克始兴郡（广东省韶关市），斩徐道覆。 5、西秦王国首领（二任武元王）、河南王乞伏乾归把鲜卑民族仆浑部落三千余家强迫迁到故都度坚城（度坚山·甘肃省靖远县西）。任命儿子乞伏敕勃当秦兴郡（郡政府设度坚山）郡长，镇压安抚。 6、南凉王国（首都乐都）将军焦朗仍占领姑臧（甘肃省武威市。焦朗夺取姑烕事，参考去年三月）。北凉王国（首都张掖）首领（二任武宣王）、张掖公沮渠蒙逊（本年四十四岁）攻陷姑臧，俘虏焦朗，但宽恕不杀。沮渠蒙逊命老弟沮渠拏当秦州州长，镇守姑臧。遂攻击南凉王国，包围南凉首都乐都，一个月不能攻克。南凉王（三任景王）秃发傉檀（本年四十七岁）派他的儿子秃发安周当人质，向沮渠蒙逊要求和解，沮渠蒙逊才撤退。 7、吐谷浑汗国（青海省）可汗（八任）慕容树洛干攻击南凉王国，击败南凉太子秀发虎台（南凉王国步上后凉王国后尘，国势衰颓之后，四邻都来瓜分）。 8、南凉王秃发傉檀打算向北凉王国复仇，邯川（青海省化隆县）军事总监（护军）孟恺劝阻说：“沮渠蒙逊新近吞并姑臧，声势正盛，不可以挑战。”秃发傉檀不相信，大军分为五路，同时并进，到达番禾（甘肃省永登县）、苕藋（甘肃省张掖市东），掳掠居民五千余家而还。将军屈右说：“既然获得胜利，就应该加倍速度撤退，早一天脱离险境。沮渠蒙逊精于军事谋略，如果派轻装备骑兵追击，大军在外逼近，掳掠的居民在内叛变，危险万状。”皇城保安司令（卫尉）伊力延说：“他们是步兵，我们是骑兵，怎么追也不会追上。我们加速撤退，正显示我们脆弱，而且要抛弃很多辎重财产，不是好办法。”不久，天色黄昏，大雾，狂风暴雨，沮渠蒙逊的追兵从后大量涌到，秃发傉檀败走。沮渠蒙逊再度包围乐都，秃发傉檀登城固守。 最后，秃发傉檀派儿子秃发染干当人质，请求和解，沮渠蒙逊始行班师。 9、三月，晋帝国中军将军刘裕终于接受全国武装部队总司令（太尉）、立法院总立法长（中书监）的官职。任命刘穆之当全国武装部队总司令部军政官（太尉司马），陈郡（河南省淮阳县）人殷景仁当副军事参议官（行参军）。刘裕问刘穆之说：“孟昶左右幕僚，有谁可以延聘到我们这里来？”刘穆之推荐前建威将军府大营军事参议官（建威中兵参军）谢晦。谢晦，是谢安老哥谢据的曾孙（谢安，参考三八五年八月），刘裕即任命谢晦当军事参议官（参军）。 刘裕曾经亲自审问囚犯，当天早上，刑法军事参议官（刑狱参军）恰巧生病，就教谢晦代理。谢晦前往公堂途中，在车上把所有诉状口供大略看过一遍，立刻就能裁定判决。宰相府（指刘裕总部）事务繁多，讼案更堆积如山。谢晦随同主持人审问处理，从没有发生过错误，刘裕大为惊奇，当天就任命他当刑法助理官（刑狱城曹）。谢晦风度优美，喜爱谈笑，博学强记；刘裕深为宠信。 10、晋帝国变民军首领卢循一面撤退，一面集结散兵游勇，抵达已被政府军收复了的番禺（广州州政府所在县·广东省广州市。收复番禺，参考去年十一月），把番禺包围。政府军建威将军孙处拒守二十余日，在外的振武将军沈田子警告兖州（州政府广陵）州长刘藩说：“番禺城池虽然坚固，但它原来却是妖贼（指变民军）的巢穴。现在陷于卢循的包围，或许会引发城里的变化。而且孙处的部队人数太少，力量不够，不能长期支持。如果使妖贼再度