Chapter 8 The first decade of the fifth century (400-409)

1. In spring, on the first day of the first lunar month, the emperor of the Houyan Empire (the capital of Longcheng) Murong Sheng (the third emperor of Zhaowu) issued an edict of amnesty, revoked the title of emperor, and derogated himself as "the king of common people" (common emperor) King of Heaven). 2. General Caiguan Heba of the Northern Wei Empire (capital Pingcheng) attacked Liaoxi County (Lulong County, Hebei Province) rebel general Lu Pu (Lu Pu was attached to the Houyan Empire, refer to August last year).On the seventh day of the first lunar month, he captured Liaoxi City, captured Lu Pu and his son Lu Huan, sent them to Pingcheng (Datong City, Shanxi Province), and tortured them to death by dismembering their corpses with five horses.

Murong Sheng, the civilian king of the Later Yan Empire, sent Guangwei General Meng Guangping to rescue Lu Pu, but it was too late, and he returned after beheading the newly appointed chief of Liaoxi County and his subordinate county chiefs from the Northern Wei Empire. 3. On the 24th day of the first lunar month, the Jin Empire (capital Jiankang) amnesty. 4. The king of the Western Qin Kingdom (the capital of Xicheng) (the second king of Wuyuan) begged Fuqian to return and moved his capital to Yuanchuan (northeast of Yuzhong County, Gansu Province). 5. The leader of the Kingdom of Nanliang (the capital Xiping) (the second king of Kang) and the king of Wuwei, bald Li Lugu, ordered an amnesty and changed the name to Jianhe (the first year was the fourth year of Taichu, and the first year of Jianhe was later).

6. Gao An, the king of the Kingdom of Goguryeo (the capital Marudu) (the 19th king of Guangkaitu), gradually became arrogant towards the Houyan Empire. On February 15th, Murong Sheng, the commoner king of the Houyan Empire, personally led an army of 30,000 to launch an attack. Hussar General Murong Xi served as the commander of the vanguard and conquered Xincheng (Xinbin County, Liaoning Province) and Nansu (Fushun City, Liaoning Province). Border) two cities, expanded the territory of more than 700 miles, and forced more than 5,000 local residents to move back to the country.Murong Xi bravely won the championship in the three armies. Murong Sheng said: "Uncle's heroic spirit is similar to that of the ancestors (the first emperor Murong Chui), but he is slightly inferior in strategy."

7. In the beginning, Tuobagui (30 years old), the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty (one of the Daowu emperors), took in the daughter of Liu Toujuan, the chief of the Xiongnu tribe (refer to October 384), as his concubine, loved more than all the beauties in the harem, and gave birth to a son Tuoba Si.Later, Tuoba Gui captured Zhongshan (Houyan, the former capital of Dingzhou City, Hebei Province, refer to October 397), and captured the youngest daughter of Murongbao, the second emperor of Houyan Empire.Tuobagui planned to select a queen from among the concubines, and in accordance with the ancient tradition of the Suotou tribe, ordered the shortlisted beauties to cast a golden man with their hands (casting a golden man means the god loves it, and not casting a golden man means the god is displeased).Ms. Liu cannot cast a golden man, but Ms. Murong can cast a golden man.On March 8, Ms. Murong was officially named queen.

8. Huanxuan, the governor (inspector) of Jiangzhou (the state government was established in Xiakou) of the Jin Empire, had conquered Jingzhou (the state government was established in Jiangling) and Yongzhou (the state government was established in Xiangyang), so he went to the central government and asked to also manage Jing (Hubei Province and Hunan Province), Jiang (Jiangxi Province and Fujian Province) two states.Jin Emperor Sima Dezong (19 years old this year) issued an edict (Sima Yuan Xianzhao): Appoint Huan Xuan as the commander-in-chief of the Jingsi Yongqinliang Yining Military Region (the governor of Jingsi Yongqinliang Yining's seven prefectures and the governor of Jingzhou); Huan Xiu, director of the Central Military Commission (Central Protectorate), was governor of Jiangzhou.

Huanxuan Shangshu insisted on concurrently administering Jiangzhou, so the central government ordered Huanxuan's military region to add Jiangzhou, a total of eight states, plus eight counties in Yangzhou and Yuzhou, and restore the original post of governor of Jiangzhou.Huan Xuan directly appointed his elder brother Huan Wei as governor of Yongzhou, and the central government dared not refuse.Huan Xuan then appointed his nephew Huan Zhen as the county magistrate of Huainan County (Shou County, Anhui Province). (The elite areas of the Jin Empire are all under the control of Huanxuan.) 9. Lu Zuan, the heavenly king (the third Lingdi) of the Kingdom of Houliang (the capital of Guzang), because the supreme commander (Dai Sima) Lv Hong had a high meritorious service and a respectable status, he felt a heavy pressure and was deeply afraid in his heart.Lu Hong also suspected that he was being suspected and was very disturbed, so he led the troops of Dongyuan (Guzang Dongcheng) to rebel and attack the heavenly king Lu Zuan.Lu Zuan ordered Jiao Bian, his general, to fight.Dongyuan's army collapsed and Lu Hong fled.Lu Zuan let his officers and soldiers go, raped, burned, killed, and plundered wantonly in Guzang, the capital, and rewarded all the women in Dongyuan to the soldiers, including Lu Hong's wife and daughter.Satisfied, Lu Zuan said to the civil and military officials: "How about today's battle!" The senior consultant (servant) Fang Di replied: "God sent disasters to the kingdom, and there are constant worries. The late emperor (the first king Lu Guang) just passed away. King Yin (the second heavenly king Lu Shao) was deposed, and the royal cemetery had just been buried. The supreme commander (Da Sima Lu Hong) rebelled, and the capital (capital Guzang) shed blood and fought with flesh and blood. Although Lu Hong committed suicide, but Also because Your Majesty (Lv Zuan) lacks brotherhood, he should not be happy, but should blame himself and apologize to the people. Unexpectedly, he indulged the officers and soldiers to plunder, imprison officials, and rape women. The mistake was made by Lu Hong alone. What is the fault of the people? What's more, Lu Hong's wife is His Majesty's sister-in-law; Lu Hong's daughter is His Majesty's niece, why teach those local scoundrels to insult them as concubines or maidservants. The gods of heaven and earth, how can they bear to see such a tragic situation." Tears, overwhelmed with grief.Lu Zuan immediately changed his attitude, apologized to him, recalled Lu Hong's wife and children, placed them in the East Palace, and treated them generously.

Lu Hong planned to defect to the Kingdom of Nanliang (the capital Xiping), and passed by Guangwu (Yongdeng County, Gansu Province) to visit Lu Fang, the general who conquered the East. When Lu Fang saw Lu Hong, he cried and said, "The world is so big, why did you come here? ?” Lu Hong was arrested and detained in prison.Lu Zuan sent the warrior Kang Long to Guangwu to execute Lu Hong by breaking his breastbone. Lu Zuan appointed his wife, Ms. Yang, as the empress, and appointed Empress Yang's father, Yang Huan, as the left executive director of the State Council (Shangshu Zuopushe) and the mayor of Guzang, the capital (Liangdu Yin).

10. On Xinmao Day in March (Xinhaishuo in March, there is no Xinmao), Duan Deng, the magistrate of Xiangping (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province) of the Later Yan Empire, rebelled and was executed. 11. Lu Zuan, the heavenly king of the Houliang Kingdom, was about to attack the leader of the Nanliang Kingdom (the second king of Kang) and the king of Wuwei, the bald Lilugu; , the subordinates can faithfully carry out the order, and there is no opportunity for us to take advantage of it, so they should not act." Lu Zuan refused. The bald-haired Lilu alone ordered his younger brother, the bald-haired Xitan, to lead an army to resist.In summer, in April, the bald-haired Xengtan defeated the Houliang Corps in Sandui (north of Ledu County, Qinghai Province), killing more than 2,000 people.

12. At first, Li Hao (sound gao) from Longxi County (Longxi County, Gansu Province) loved literature and had a good reputation.Once lived with Guo Fu, who had the ability to predict, and his half-brother, Song Yao from Dunhuang County (Dunhuang City, Gansu Province). Brother, an independent kingdom will definitely be established in the end. When the mare gives birth to a white-fronted pony, the prophecy will be fulfilled.” Later, Meng Min became the governor of Shazhou (the state government is located in Dunhuang) (refer to April last year), appointed Li Hao was the magistrate of Xiaogu (west of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province); Song Yao was a junior state attendant (Zhongsan regular attendant) under Duan Ye, king (one term) of the Northern Liang Kingdom (capital Zhangye).After the death of Meng Min, the Military Director of Dunhuang (Dunhuang Guard), Guo Qian from Fengxiang County (Dali County, Shaanxi Province), and Suo Xian from Dunhuang County, the personnel officer of the Shazhou State Government (Governing Central), etc., because of Li Hao's gentle temperament, no matter what he is His administration was well received, so he was publicly elected as the governor of Dunhuang County.Li Song felt very embarrassed at first. It happened that Song Yao came home from the capital (the capital Zhangye) and said to his elder brother: "Duan Ye has no long-distance strategy, and he will definitely fail in the end. Have you forgotten Guo Fu's words? The white-fronted pony is now gone. Come to the world!" Li Hao then accepted, and sent someone to ask Duan Ye, the king of Beiliang (the first term), for recognition, and Duan Ye announced the appointment.

Suo Si, the commander of the garrison in the west of the capital (General Right Guard), a native of Dunhuang County, warned Duan Ye, king of Beiliang, "You must not let Li Hao stay in Dunhuang!" Suo Si went to the mission.Suo Si was twenty miles away from Dunhuang, and he notified Li Hao in official documents, asking Li Song to come and greet him.Li Song was surprised and planned to obey.Xiaogu county magistrate Zhang Miao and Song Yao stopped them together, saying: "King Duan (Duan Ye) is cowardly and cowardly, and it is the day when the hero is proud. You already have a ready-made foundation for establishing an independent government, why give your hands to others? What he relies on is that he is a native of the county, and the hearts of the people will definitely turn to him. I never expected you to attack him! If you attack, you can win the first battle." Li Hao agreed.Therefore, Song Yao was first sent to Jin to see Suo Si, with a respectful attitude and obedient words.Song Yao came back and said to Li Hao, "Suo Si is full of ambition, and his troops are weak, so he is easy to deal with." Li Hao then sent Zhang Miao, Song Yao, and his two sons, Li Xin and Li Rang, to attack Suo Si head-on; Defeated, fled back to the capital Zhangye.Li Hao and Suo Si are old friends and have the best relationship, so they hate Suo Si's role very much.Duanye, King of Northern Liang in Shangshu, demanded that Suo Si be killed.General Juqu Nancheng of Fuguo always hated Suo Si, so he also persuaded Duan Ye to kill Suo Si to appease Li Hao; Commander-in-chief of the military region west of Wanfo Gorge (supervisor of all military forces west of Liangxing), general Zhenxi.

13. Murong Shiwei, Khan (sixth term) of Tuyuhun Khanate (Qinghai Province), passed away, and his eldest son Murong Shu Luogan was only nine years old, so his younger brother Murong Wuhedi succeeded to the throne (seventh term Khan) and married Murong Shuluogan His mother, Ms. Nian, gave birth to two sons: Murong Murgui and Murong Muyan (for nomads, when the father dies, the son is obliged to marry his father's concubine; when the elder brother dies, the younger brother is obliged to marry his wife; if he does not marry, he will be punished spurned, the purpose is to protect the survival of the young next generation). Murong Wuhedi is cowardly and licentious, unable to govern the country; all state affairs are presided over by Ms. Nian. Ms. Nian has courage and wisdom, and the people of the country fear and admire her. 14. Duan Ji, the former general of the Houyan Empire, was the nephew of the Empress Dowager Duan, and was implicated in the rebellion case of Duan Deng, the county magistrate of Xiangping (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province).Duan Ji panicked.On May 3, Duan Ji fled to Liaoxi County. 15. On May 17th, the garrison commander of the capital of the Jin Empire (General Wei), Dongtinghou (Xianhou) Wang Xun passed away (at the age of 52). 16. On May 20th, Emperor Tuobagui of the Northern Wei Dynasty went east to Zhuolu (Zhuolu County, Hebei Province) and west to Mayi (Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province) to watch the birthplace of Qishui (Zunshui, which is now Zunshui, Hebei Province) Huashi Shahe). 17. On May 29, Duan Ji, the former general of the Houyan Empire who fled to Liaoxi County, returned to the capital and surrendered to the capital; The palace served as a guard. 18. Xie Yan, the governor of Kuaiji County (Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province) of the Jin Empire, was awarded this official position because of his noble family.But in fact he has no talent, neither can appease the people, nor can he organize his armaments.The generals all put forward suggestions: "The thieves (referring to Sun En) are near the seaside and spy on us day and night. We should adopt a lenient policy and give them a way to recover." Xie Yan disagreed, saying: "Fu Jian (former Qin Emperor Xuanzhao, the third emperor of the empire) had an army of one million, and he was sent to die in Huainan (referring to the Battle of Feishui, refer to November 383). Sun En was just a small thief. After he failed, he fled to the sea. How could he return? On land? If he really returns to land, then the heavens intend to kill him!" However, soon, Sun En turned his army to attack Jiakou (Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, Northeast Yongjiangkou), penetrated into Yuyao (Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province), broke through Shangyu (Shangyu City, Zhejiang Province), and marched to Xingpu (Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province) fifteen kilometers west).Xie Yan sent Liu Xuanzhi, a military councilor (joining the army), to fight and defeated the militia army, and Sun En retreated.A few days later, Sun En attacked Xingpu again. The government army was defeated, and Sun En turned into a civilian army to pursue the victory. On May 30th, Sun En arrived in Kuaiji County. Xie Yan hadn't eaten yet, so he announced, "We'll eat after we've wiped out this thief." Before the rebellion, Xie Yan was beheaded.Yu Huan, the governor of Wuxing County (Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province), was afraid that the people would respond to Sun En again, so he suppressed it with a massacre, killing thousands of men and women.Sun En turned around and attacked Linhai County (Zhang'an Town, northwest of Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province).The central government was shaken, and sent the champion general Huan Bucai, Fuguo general Sun Wuzhong, and Ningshuo general Gao Ya to fight. 19. Later Qin Empire (capital Chang'an) conquered the West General Yao Shuode, Duke of Longxi, led an army of 5,000 people to attack the West Qin Kingdom (capital Yuanchuan) and invaded from Nan'an Gorge (south of Qin'an County, Gansu Province).The king of West Qin (the second king of Wuyuan) begged for Qiangui and led his generals to resist, and built camp in Longxi County (Longxi County, Gansu Province). 20. Yang Gui and Tian Xuanming, the generals of the Nanliang Kingdom, conspired to kill the leader (the second king of Kang), and Wuwei Wang was bald and Li Lugu was executed (for the matter of Yang Gui's return to the Nanliang Kingdom, refer to September of the previous year). 21. On June 1st, a solar eclipse. 22. The Jin Empire promoted He Cheng, the "Wang Master" of the Langya Prince's Mansion (among the officials of the princes of the Jin Empire, there were three people, "Wang Fu", "Wang You" and "Education". Later, "Wang Fu" was renamed "Wang Shi") The left executive director of the State Council (Zuo Pushe).He Cheng is the son of He Zhun (He Zhun, refer to August 357). 23. On Jiazi Day in June (Gengchenshuo in June, there is no Jiazi), the Houyan Empire amnesty. 24. Lu Zuan, the king of the Houliang Kingdom, intends to attack the Beiliang Kingdom (capital Zhangye) established by the rebel generals. Jiang Ji, the executive officer of the State Council (Shangshu), advised: "In midsummer, the farmland is in need of cultivation. It is best to stop military operations and let the The young people stayed in the fields. Now they are going on an expedition to Lingxi (Ling, refers to Hongchi Ridge at an altitude of 3,000 meters, in the northwest of Tianzhu County, Gansu Province, and is the highest point in the Hexi Corridor), in case Bald Fajia (Nanliang Kingdom) takes the opportunity to attack the emptiness What can we do?" Lu Zuan ignored him, and the army set out to surround Zhangye, and marched westward to Jiankang (southeast of Jiuquan City, Gansu Province), looting wantonly. The bald-haired Jutan, the chariot and cavalry general of the Nanliang Kingdom, got the news and led 10,000 cavalry to attack Guzang; Lu Zuan's younger brother, Lu Wei, the Duke of Longxi, boarded the northern city to guard.The bald-haired Xuntan held a banquet on the tower of Zhumingmen (Guzang South Gate), drank wine, rang bells and drums, and rewarded soldiers; held a military parade at Qingyangmen (Guzang East Gate), demonstrating force, and threatened more than 8,000 people. The family returned.When Lu Zuan got the news, he hurried back to the army. 25. In autumn, on July 4th, Li Lingrong (mother of the fifteenth emperor Sima Changming) passed away. On July 19, the Jin Empire granted amnesty. 26. The King of Western Qin begged for Qiangui to resist the invasion of the Later Qin Empire Army, and sent Wuwei General Mu Wu and others to garrison important strongholds along the border. The supply lines of the Later Qin Invading Army were all cut off.Later Qin Tianwang (the second Emperor Wenhuan) Yao Xing (35 years old this year) secretly sent out to rescue, the news leaked, Qi Fu Gangui received the information, and sent Mu Wu to lead the center wing army with 20,000 people to station in Boyang (Gansu Southwest of Qingshui County in the province); the general of the town army, Luo Dun, led an outer wing army of 40,000 people, and stationed in Houchen Valley (in Qingshui County).Begging Qiangui to lightly equip thousands of cavalry, and go to the front to reconnaissance the reality of the Qin Corps.Unexpectedly, the storm blew up and the fog filled the air. They lost contact with the Central Wing Army. They were chased by the cavalry of the Later Qin Corps and entered the defense line of the Outer Wing Army.At dawn the next day, they fought against the Houqin Corps. The Western Qin Army was defeated, begging Fugan to return to Yuanchuan, and all 36,000 troops surrendered to the Houqin Corps.Yao Xing, king of the Later Qin Dynasty, marched into Fanghan (Linxia City, Gansu Province). Begging Qiangui to go to Jincheng (Lanzhou City, Gansu Province) again, feeling depressed, he said to the generals and chiefs: "I ask myself that I have no ability, but I barely claim to be emperor and king. It has been more than a century (12 years in the first century), and now I have failed to such an extent that I am no longer able to fight against the enemy. I intend to go to the west to defend Yunwu (northwest of Yongjing County, Gansu Province); however, if all the troops gather there, the enemy will definitely attack and everyone will die. Now, you all stay here , Each of you leads your own tribe, and joins the Yao family (the post-Qin Empire) to protect the family, and don't follow me!" Everyone said: "Whether life or death, I am willing to follow your majesty." Begging Qiangui said: "I'm going to beg for food from others now. How can I bring so many people? If God has no intention of destroying me, maybe one day my career will be revived. I will meet you again and follow me to die. It will be of no benefit to anyone." Weeping in grief, bid farewell (the government of the Western Qin Kingdom was overthrown, and the land was merged into the Later Qin Empire. At this time, in China, eight countries stood side by side: the Jin Empire, the Later Yan Empire, the Later Qin Empire, the Northern Wei Empire, the Later Liang Kingdom, the Nanliang Kingdom, Northern Liang Kingdom, Southern Yan Empire). Begging Qiangui to go to Yunwu and surrender to the Nanliang Kingdom with only a few hundred cavalry on his own.The leader of Nanliang (the second king of Kang), the bald Lilugu, the king of Wuwei, sent the bald Litan, the Duke of Guangwu, to Yunwu to meet him, and he was placed in Jinxing (Minhe County, Qinghai Province) and treated with the etiquette of a distinguished guest.General Zhenbei Tufa Juyan said to Tufa Lilugu: "The Qifu tribe, originally our subordinates, became king because of the chaos in the world (Qifu's retainers belonged to the Tufa family, or in the age of Tufa tree function, refer to April 270). Now that the situation is difficult, it is not from his sincerity to come here to obey orders. If he goes to the Yao family (later Qin Empire), it will bring disaster to our country, so it is better to exile him to Yifu The tribe (in the west of Qinghai Lake) made him unable to escape even if he wanted to." The bald-haired Li Lugu said: "He has nowhere to go and surrenders to us, but we use malicious speculation to guess his mind. What will we use to encourage people to follow suit?" The bald-haired Juyan is the younger brother of the bald-haired Lilugu. The squadron of the Later Qin Corps returned to Beijing (the capital of Chang'an), Liang Ge, the chief of the Southern Qiang tribe, and others secretly summoned Qi Fugan to return, and Qi Fugan planned to agree; Yin Chang, the governor of Jinxing County in the Kingdom of Nanliang, sent a fast horse to fly to report to the bald deer orphan, and the bald deer orphan sent his younger brother Bald Tulei to lead 3,000 cavalry to garrison Motianling (west of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province). ) monitor.Qifu Qiangui was afraid that he would be killed by the bald Lilugu, so he said to the prince Qifu Chipan: "Our father and son live here, and the bald Lilugu will not rest assured. Now, the Yao family is strong, and I want to go to seek refuge. If the whole family Set off, and the pursued cavalry will catch up. I want to keep your brothers and your mother as hostages, and they will not be suspicious. I am in Chang'an, and they dare not do harm to you." So Qifu Chipan and others Sent to the capital Xiping. In the eighth month, Qifu Gangui fled south to Fanghan and surrendered to the Qin Empire. 27. On August 9th, Wang Ya, the right executive director of the State Council of the Jin Empire (Shangshu Youpushe), passed away (at the age of 67). 28. On September 6th, there was an earthquake (I don't know where the earthquake happened). 29. Lv Fang (uncle of Heavenly King Lü Zuan) who guarded Guangwu (Yongdeng County, Gansu Province) in Houliang Kingdom fled and surrendered to the Houqin Empire.More than 3,000 households of Guangwu residents took refuge in the Nanliang Kingdom. 30. In winter, in November, General Ningshuo of the Jin Empire Gao Yazhi fought with Sun En, the leader of the mutiny, in Yuyao (Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province). Gao Yazhi was defeated and fled to Shanyin (Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province). His soldiers were killed. Seven or eight out of ten. Jin Emperor Sima Dezong issued an edict (Sima Yuanxian edict), ordering Liu Jianzhi to concurrently serve as the commander-in-chief of the five counties in Kuaiji (the five counties including the governor of Kuaiji), and led the army to attack Sun En, who retreated to the sea (Zhoushan Island) again.Liu Laozhi advanced eastward, stationed at Shangyu (Shangyu City, Zhejiang Province), and ordered Liu Yu, a military council officer (joining the army), to garrison Juzhang (South of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province).Yuan Song, the governor (internal historian) of Wu State (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), built a fortress (a defensive position covered with bamboo sticks in the water) in Hudu (Qingpu County, Shanghai City) in the east to resist Sun En.Yuan Song is Yuan Qiao's grandson (for Yuan Qiao's affairs, refer to 346 and 347). Sima Yuanxian, the prince of Kuaiji, requested to take charge of Xuzhou (Jingkou, the state government).Emperor Sima Dezong of the Jin Dynasty issued an edict (Sima Yuanxian edict) to appoint Sima Wuxian to open the third division of Yitong (prime minister level), Yang Yu Xu Yanqing Youji and Jingjiang Si Yongliang Yijiao Guang Military Region Commander (dudu Yang Henan Xu Yanqing Youji and Jingjiang Si Yongliang Yijiao Guangxi sixteen prefectures military), and the governor of Xuzhou.Sima Yanzhang, the son of Sima Yuanxian, was named the king of the East China Sea (Sima Yuanxian is nineteen years old this year, even if he married early at the age of sixteen or seventeen, Sima Yanzhang was only two or three years old). 31. The former King of Western Qin begged to return to Chang'an, and Yao Xing, the king of the Later Qin Empire, appointed him as the commander-in-chief of the Henan (south of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province) military region (supervisor of Henan's military forces), and concurrently as Hezhou (the state government set up Hanhan) Governor, Fenggui Yihou. After a while, Qifu Chipan planned to escape and went to his father (Qifu Qiangui); halfway through his escape, he was hunted down and captured by the Nanliang Kingdom.The leader of Nanliang, the king of Wuwei, Tufa Lilugu, was about to execute him. The bald Lilu, Duke of Guangwu, said: "The son is attached to the father. What can we blame? We should forgive him and show our grandeur." Bald Lilu Accept it alone. 32. Yao Xing, the Heavenly King of the Later Qin Empire, sent more than 200 captured generals of the Jin Empire, including Liu Song (captured when Luoyang fell, refer to October last year), back to the Jin Empire. 33. Tang Yao, governor of Jinchang County (Anxi County, Gansu Province) in the Northern Liang Kingdom, rebelled and issued a political call to six counties (six counties: Dunhuang County, Jiuquan County, Liangxing County, Jiankang County, Xihai County, Gaochang County) , Li Hao, the general of Zhenxi, was elected as the champion general, the governor of Shazhou (the state government is located in Dunhuang), the Duke of Liang, and the governor of Dunhuang County.Li Hao (50 years old this year) pardoned the criminals in his jurisdiction, and changed his name to Gengzi (in the Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms, the sixteenth short-lived kingdom rose, and it was called "Xiliang" in history. At this time, in China, Nine kingdoms stand side by side: Jin Empire, Houyan Empire, Houqin Empire, Northern Wei Empire, Houliang Kingdom, Nanliang Kingdom, Beiliang Kingdom, Nanyan Empire, and Xiliang Kingdom).Li Hao appointed Tang Yao as General Zhengdong, Guo Qian as Chief of Staff (Military Counselor Jijiu), Suo Xian as Zuo Secretary-General (Zuo Changshi), Zhang Miao as Right Secretary-General (Right Changshi), and Yin Jianxing as Zuo Military and Political Affairs The official (left Sima), Zhang Tishun is the right military and political officer (right Sima).Send the staff commander (in charge of Zhonglang) Song Yao to attack Liangxing County eastward, and at the same time attack the cities west of Yumen Pass (northwest of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province) (Western Regions, Xinjiang and eastern Central Asia), and conquer them all. Wang De, the governor of Jiuquan County, betrayed the Northern Liang Kingdom and claimed to be the governor of Hezhou.Duanye, king of Beiliang, sent Juqu Mengxun, the general of Zhenxi, to attack.Wang De set fire to the city, and led a large private army to defect to Tang Yao. Juqu Mengxun chased him to Shatou (southwest of Yumen City, Gansu Province), defeated Wang De's army, and captured Wang De's wife, children, tribe, and class teacher. 34. On December 2, Bo Xing appeared next to Tianjin Jiuxing.Sima Yuanxian, the son of the Kuaiji Prince of the Jin Empire, was relieved of his position in charge of government secrets (Recording Ministerial Affairs) due to changes in the sky and astrology, but he was appointed Premier of the State Council (Recording Ministerial Order) soon after.Because Sima Yuan was arrogant and violent, Che Yin, Minister of Civil Affairs of the State Council (Shangshu of the Ministry of Officials), met Sima Daozi, king of Kuaiji, and asked his father to come forward and restrain him.Sima Yuanxian heard that Che Yin had seen his father, but he didn't know the inside story, so he asked his father, "Che Yin sent others away, what are you talking about secretly?" Sima Daozi didn't answer, Sima Yuanxian decided to ask his father to tell. , Sima Daozi said angrily: "Are you planning to imprison me and forbid me to speak to government officials!" After Sima Yuanxian withdrew, he said to his subordinates: "Che Yin provokes the relationship between our father and son." Warn Che Yin, Che Yin is afraid and commits suicide. 35. On December 16, Murong Sheng, the commoner king of the Houyan Empire, established the "Shanyu Mansion" (Yantai) to rule the Yi people in various tribes and regions. 36. The head of the Observatory of the Northern Wei Dynasty (Taishi Ling) repeatedly pointed out that the stars in the sky were disordered.Tuobagui, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, personally read fortune-telling and divination books. Most of the books said that the emperor and the government would be changed.So he issued an edict to all civil and military officials, pointing out: "The emperor's succession of power is based on the will of heaven, and should not be pursued foolishly." He also constantly changed the names of official positions, hoping to suppress catastrophe and weirdness. Dong Mi, Assistant Officer of Assembly Etiquette of the State Council (Yi Cao Lang) presented the "Serving the Immortals"; Tuobagui specially set up a professor of theology (Dr. All the wood was confiscated by the royal family for cooking medicine.After the medicine was boiled, people who had been sentenced to death were ordered to try it. Most of them died after taking the medicine, which proved that the elixir of life was not effective.But Tuoba Gui still believed in it and kept asking for prescriptions and ingredients. Tuobagui was deeply impressed by the fact that the sons of Murong Chui, the first emperor of the Houyan Empire (Emperor Wuwei), occupied each side, resulting in the downward transfer of central authority, and finally failed and collapsed (at this time, the Houyan Empire was still there, but it just withdrew from the Central Plains). , considered a wrong decision.National University professor (doctor) Gongsun Biao catered to his ideas and presented the book "Han Feizi", advising Tuoba Gui to use strict laws to control his subordinates.Li Li, the left general, was arrogant. He usually treated Tuoba Gui casually and not very respectfully. He coughed and spit at random in front of Tuoba Gui. 37. On December 21st, Murong Shengzun, the commoner king of the Houyan Empire, dedicated his mother to Empress Ms. Ding as the Empress Dowager; made the prince Murong Ding the Prince of Liaoxi; amnesty. 38. This year, Murongde (65 years old), the king of Nanyan Kingdom (the first emperor of Xianwu) ascended the throne in Guanggu, changed his name to emperor, amnesty, and changed his year name to Jianping (before it was the third year of King Yan, and then it was Jianping first year).He changed his name to Murong Beide to make it easier for officials and the people to avoid taboos; he pursued Murong Wei, the third emperor of the former Yan Empire, and was posthumously named Emperor You; Feng Fu is the left executive director of the State Council (left servant shot), Mu Yuhu is the right executive director of the State Council (right servant shot): Feng Wangfei, Ms. Duan, is the queen. 1. In spring, the first month, the leader of Nanliang Kingdom (capital Xiping) (the second King Kang) and Wuwei Wang bald-haired Li Lugu planned to change his name to emperor, and all civil and military officials unanimously urged him to do so.Only the general of Anguo, Ji Wucang, objected (鍮, surname. Sound tou), saying: "Since our previous life, our hair has been loose, our clothes have been opened on the left side, and we have never had any decorations such as crowns, hats and belts. We live in chasing aquatic plants and migrate around .There was never any barriers such as city walls and houses, so it was able to cross the desert and compete with China (referring to the Central Plains at the time). Nowadays, it is true that the title of emperor is held high to meet the expectations of the people. However, once a city is established, the encounter When the situation changes, it is difficult to escape and escape, and all savings are stored in warehouses, which can easily arouse the ambitions of the enemy. I think it is best to let the Han people live in the city, supervise and encourage them to plow the fields and raise silkworms, and supply the country with grain and silk. And we Xianbei people Then focus on strengthening combat training. If the neighboring country is weak, we will annex it; if the neighboring country is strong, we will migrate far away. "The bald-haired Li Lugu said: "General Anguo is right." So he only changed his name to Hexi King (Wuwei is only one county, and Hexi refers to the Hexi Corridor).Appoint Guangwu Gong Tufa Xing Tan as the commander-in-chief of all military regions across the country (supervising Chinese and foreign military forces), the governor of Liangzhou with full authority (shepherd), and in charge of government secrets (recording affairs). 2. On February 1st, Sun En, the leader of the Jin Empire (capital Jiankang), attacked Juzhang (south of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province) from Jiakou (Jiangkou Northeast of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province), but could not conquer it.General Liu Laozhi of the Jin Empire Zhenxi counterattacked, and Sun En retreated to the East China Sea (Zhoushan Island). 3. Yao Xing (36 years old), the Heavenly King (the second Emperor Wenhuan) of the Later Qin Empire (capital Chang’an), sent Qi Fu Gangui back to his former capital, Yuanchuan (northeast of Yuzhong County, Gansu Province) to guard him. It turned out that all the captured tribes were all assigned to him (in the former Qin Empire era, the king of heaven, Fu Jian, always sent the leader of the original tribe to lead the army to attack the rebellion of the original tribe. As a result, the traitors increased the strength of the traitors. Now, Yao Xing actually returned the tribes Begging to go back, teach him to go back to guard the old base, even if begging to go back is a daydream, he never dreamed of such an adventure. Yao Xing’s move is even more unbelievable than Fu Jian’s back then). 4. Lu Zuan, the Heavenly King (the third Lingdi) of Houliang Kingdom (capital Guzang) loved drinking and hunting.Minister of Sacrifice (Da Chang) Yang Ying advised: "Your Majesty accepts the mandate of heaven and ascends the throne, and should guard it with the right way; now, the territory is shrinking day by day (compared to the early days of Lu Guang, the king of heaven, the territory is less than one-tenth of that time) ), cramped in the narrow area between the two mountains (two mountains: Hongchiling in the southeast, and Yanzhi Mountain in the northwest). Your Majesty is not conscientious, and is vigilant in the morning and evening, trying to restore the great cause of the ancestors. Instead, he is addicted to pleasure and hunting, and he never thinks about state affairs. In my heart, I think it's dangerous." Lu Zuan humbly apologized to him, but he couldn't change it. Lu Chao, the governor of Fanhe County (Yongchang County, Gansu Province), attacked Sipan, the chief of the Xianbei tribe without authorization;Lu Chao was very nervous. After arriving in Guzang, he did everything possible to make friends with Du Shang, the court affairs administrator (temple in the palace).Lu Zuan summoned Lu Chao and warned, "You rely on your brothers to form a gang and bully me. Watch me behead you, and the world will be safe." Lu Chao kowtowed and pleaded guilty.Lu Zuan's purpose was only to suppress Lu Chao's prestige and intimidate him, and he had no intention of killing him.So he entertained Lu Chao, Sipan and all civil and military officials, and had a feast in the inner hall (for Lu Chao and Sipan's reconciliation).At the banquet, Lu Chao's older brother Lu Long, the director of the Central Guards (the leader of the central army), kept toasting Lu Zuan. Lu Zuan got drunk and took a human-powered chariot to guide Lu Chao and others to visit the palace.Walking to the East Pavilion of Kunhuatang, chariots cannot pass through because of the threshold.Lu Zuan's trusted generals Dou Chuan and Luo Teng leaned their swords against the wall and pushed their carts across the pavilion.In an instant, Lu Chao grabbed the saber and stabbed Lu Zuan straight. Lu Zuan jumped off the chariot with bare hands and rushed towards Lu Chao.Dou Chuan and Luo Teng joined forces to fight Lu Chao, and both of them were beheaded by Lu Chao. Lu Zuanzheng's wife, Empress Yang, ordered the imperial army to attack Lu Chao, but Du Shang came forward to prohibit it, so the imperial army abandoned their weapons and refused to fight.General Wei Yiduo came in and cut off Lu Zuan's head (age is unknown). Empress Yang said: "When a person dies, his body is like an earthen tree. He has no consciousness. How can he have the heart to hurt Xingke?" Wei Yiduo scolded Empress Yang, Send Lu Zuan's head outside to show the public, saying: "Lu Zuan violated the last emperor (Lu Guang)'s will, murdered the prince (Lv Shao), established himself as king, and was licentious and tyrannical. Eradicate it to stabilize the royal temple. All intellectuals and civilians in the country should celebrate together!" Lu Zuan's uncle Lu Lun, Duke of Brazil, and his younger brother Lu Wei, Duke of Longxi, were both in Beicheng.Some people lobbied Lu Wei, saying: "Lu Chao is a traitor. With the affection of my younger brother, you hold high the banner of righteousness and crusade. Jiang Ji and Jiao Bian are in the south city, and Yang Huan and Tian Cheng are in the east city. They are all our buddies. Don't you worry about not succeeding!" Lu Wei immediately mobilized martial law, planning to attack Lu Chao together with Lu Tuo.Lu Tuo's wife, Ms. Liang, stopped her and said: "Lu Wei and Lu Chao are both nephews. Why did you abandon Lu Chao and help Lu Wei, and be the culprit of the civil war?" Lu Tuo then said to Lu Wei: "Lu Chao's coup, I have succeeded, occupying the arsenal, mastering elite soldiers, and attacking him is very difficult. Moreover, I am too old to do anything." Lu Chao's younger brother Lu Miao was favored by Lu Wei, because he suggested to Lu Wei: "Lu Zuan Murdered my brother (the second hidden king Lu Shao, refer to the December of the previous year), Lu Long and Lu Chao followed the people's will and launched an army crusade, the purpose is to support you to inherit the throne. According to circumstances, laws and principles, you should be in charge of the government. People have no second wish, so why should they doubt it?" Lu Wei believed it, and made an oath to the heavens with Lu Long and Lu Chao, pushing each other's confidantes; Lu Wei then went into the city alone, Lu Chao immediately arrested Lu Wei and beheaded him. Lu Chao gave up the throne of Heavenly King to his elder brother Lu Long. Lu Long had a troubled expression on his face. Lu Chao said, "It seems like riding a dragon to the sky today. How can I get off halfway!" The reign name of Shending (previously it was the third year of Xianning, and then it was the first year of Shending).Ms. Zunniang Qinwei is the empress dowager, and her main wife, Ms. Yang, is the empress.Appoint Lu Chao as the commander-in-chief of all military regions across the country (supervising all Chinese and foreign military forces), the auxiliary general, and the government's confidentiality (recording affairs); he was named Anding Gong.Ding Lu Zuan was given the posthumous title of Emperor Ling. Lu Zuan's wife, Empress Yang, is about to move out of the palace. Lu Chao is afraid that she will bring rare treasures with her, so he orders someone to ask her for them.Empress Yang said: "You brothers are unkind and unrighteous. You slaughtered your relatives with your own hands. I will die sooner or later. Why do I want treasures?" Lu Chao asked where the jade seal was?Queen Yang said: "Destroy it early." clan." Yang Huan told Queen Yang.Empress Yang said: "My father sold his daughter to Diman (the Lu family is from Di) in order to seek glory and wealth. Selling once is enough, how can I sell it again!" She committed suicide and was posthumously named Empress Mu. Yang Huan defected to the Nanliang Kingdom, and the leader of Nanliang (the second king of Kang) and the bald Lilugu, king of Hexi, appointed Yang Bing as the left military officer (Zuo Sima). In May and May, Sun En, the leader of the Jin Empire turned people, went straight to Haiyan (Haiyan County, Zhejiang Province) to the north, followed by Liu Yu, a military councilor, in the old city of Haiyan (Zhapu Town, southeast of Pinghu City, Zhejiang Province, 20 miles away from the two cities) km) to build a position.Sun En attacked the city soon, and Liu Yu defeated him and turned Yao Sheng, the general of the civilian army.There were too few troops in the city to resist, so Liu Yu put away the military flags at night and hid all the elite troops in ambush.第二天，大开城门，派年纪大或有病在身的老弱残兵数人，登上城墙。变民军遥问：“刘裕在哪里？”城上回答说：“昨夜己经逃走！”变民军相信，一拥入城，刘裕发动埤伏，大破变民军。孙恩知道一时不可能攻克，遂放弃海盐，向北推进，攻击沪渎（上海市青浦县）。刘裕也放弃海盐，尾随追击。 海盐县县长鲍陋，派儿子鲍嗣之率东吴（太湖流域及钱塘江流域）士卒一千人，请求当前锋。刘裕婉拒说：“贼寇（变民集团）军队十分精锐，东吴人民不习惯作战，如果前锋失利，将影响我们的主力部队，你最好担任殿后，负责造成声势。”鲍嗣之不接受。刘裕沿途埋伏大量军旗和战鼓；前锋既投入战斗，埋伏全部发动，刘裕高举军旗，战鼓雷鸣，变民军认为已陷入四面八方的重重包围，即行撤退。鲍嗣之追击，战死；变民军乘机反攻，刘裕且战且退，所率领的部队儿乎全部伤亡，退到当初接战的地方，刘裕命左右去剥战死者的衣服，表示从容不迫。变民军怀疑有什么诡计，不敢进逼。刘裕突然大声呐喊，全军反攻，变民军恐惧，急行撤退；刘裕才脱离战场。 6、南凉王国首领、河西王秃发利鹿孤攻击后凉王国，跟后凉天王吕隆会战，大破后凉兵团，强迫迁移二千余户人家而回。 7、夏季，四月十七日，北魏帝国（首都平城）撤销邺城（河北省临漳县西南邺镇）特遣政府（行台。三九八年正月设）；所属六郡另行设置相州（州政府设邺城），任命庾岳当州长。 8、后秦帝国归义侯乞伏乾归回到苑川（甘肃省榆中县东北），任命边芮当秘书长（长史），王松寿当军政官（司马）；原来西秦王国时代的三公和部长级官员及将帅等，都降级成佐理官和低级军官。 9、北凉王国（首都张掖）国王（一任）段业对首都张掖市长（张掖太守）沮渠蒙逊的勇敢善战和计谋层出不穷暗暗畏惧，打算把他送得越远越好。沮渠蒙逊也了解自己的处境，尽量忍受委屈，不对外多作接触。段业任命禁宫咨询官（门下侍郎）马权接替沮渠蒙逊的首都张掖市长。马权为人豪放幽默，段业对他很是亲信敬重，但马权对沮渠蒙逊却一向都看不起，常常当面给他侮辱。沮渠蒙逊遂向段业打小报告，陷害马权，说：“天下没有一件事可以担心，可是大王要担心马权。”段业遂斩马权。 沮渠蒙逊遂对老哥、辅国将军沮渠男成说：“段公没有鉴赏能力，也没有决断能力，不是平息灾难的领袖人才。从前，我们顾忌的只有索嗣（参考去年四月）、马权，现在全都诛杀，段业己失去爪牙，我打算把他除掉，拥戴老哥，你认为如何？”沮渠男成说：“段业本是一个孤独的外乡人（段业原籍京兆郡），是我们沮渠家拥戴他登上王位，依靠我们兄弟，好像鱼依靠水。要知道，别人对我们亲信，而我们反过来谋害他，是一件凶事。”沮渠蒙逊遂请求当西安郡（甘肃省山丹县西）郡长，段业高兴他离开京师（首都姑臧），立刻批准。 沮渠蒙逊邀请沮渠男成一块前往祭祀兰门山（甘肃省山丹县西南四十千米），却暗中命军政官（司马）许咸向段业告密说：“沮渠男成打算在休假日发动政变，如果有一天他忽然请求祭祀兰门山，我的话就应验了。”到时候，沮渠男成果然向段业请求祭祀兰门山。段业立即逮捕沮渠男成，命他自杀。沮渠男成说：“很显然的，这是我老弟沮渠蒙逊的计划：他先跟我密商，要我叛变，我因手足情深，不愿检举。只因有我在，恐怕部众不听他指挥，所以约我一同祭祀兰门山，用来诬陷，他就是要借大王之手，把我杀掉。我建议大王，不妨假装宣布我已被处决，公开我的罪状，届时沮渠蒙逊一定叛变，然后我奉大王之命，前往讨伐，就可以克制。”段业不准，斩沮渠男成。沮渠蒙逊果然向部众悲哀流泪，说：“我老哥对段业忠心耿耿，而段业竟无缘无故冤枉诛杀，各位能不能起来报仇？当初开始时，大家共同拥护段业，为的是安定人心，现在，遍地烽火，证明他的能力不足以救我们渡过灾难。”沮渠男成一向受人民爱戴，所以群情激愤，遂向首都张掖进军，走到氐池县（甘肃省张掖市东），己集结一万余人。镇军将军臧莫孩率领他的军队迎降，羌人、胡人（匈奴人），很多人起兵响应，沮渠蒙逊进逼侯坞（甘肃省张掖市东）。 段业起先怀疑右将军田昂不忠，把他囚禁监狱。现在情况紧急，段业召见田昂，向他道歉，并且释放，命他跟武卫将军梁中庸共同讨伐沮渠蒙逊。别动部队将领王丰孙警告段业说：“西平郡（青海省西宁市）田家，世代都出叛徒（如田玄明生擒郡长郭幸，投降南凉，参考三九八年九月）。田昂外貌恭敬谨慎，内心却很阴险，不可信赖。”段业说：“我早疑心他，但除了田昂，没有人能讨伐沮渠蒙逊。”田昂抵达侯坞，率骑兵五百人投降沮渠蒙逊，政府军霎时瓦解：梁中庸也向沮渠蒙逊投降。 *Hu Sanxing said: 危疑反侧的时候，判断哪个建议案正确？最难；而判断哪个部属仍然忠贞？更难。当此之际，除非有聪明远略，作精确选择，绝对无法渡过险滩。 五月，沮渠蒙逊大军抵达张掖城下，田昂的侄儿田承爱砍开城门迎降，段业左右官员侍卫全都逃散。沮渠蒙逊入城，段业向沮渠蒙逊哀求说：“我单身一人，无依无靠，被你们家推举，不得不占居高位。请你赦免我有生之年，使我能回到东方，跟妻子儿女团聚。”沮渠蒙逊遂斩段业（年龄不详）。 段业，是一个儒家学派的忠厚长者，不会权术，没有谋略，政令不能推行，部下各自作威作福；段业又信任算卦、占卜、巫术，所以最后失败。 沮渠男成的老弟沮渠富占、将军沮渠俱傫，率五百户人家投降南凉王国。沮渠俱傫，是沮渠俱石子的儿子（沮渠俱石子是前秦帝国右将军，参考三八五年二月）。 10、晋帝国变民首领孙恩攻陷沪渎，斩吴国（江苏省苏州市）郡长（内史）袁崧，杀四千人。 11、后凉王国天王（四任）吕隆大肆诛杀有声望的豪门强族，用以建立自己的权威；内外议论纷纷，每人都不能自保平安。魏安郡（甘肃省古浪县东）人焦朗派人游说后秦帝国陇西公姚硕德说：“吕家班自从吕光（后凉一任懿武帝）去世，兄弟自相残杀，政府法纪不能建立，一个比一个暴虐；人民饥馑，饿死的超过一半。现在应该乘他们正在争夺之际，消灭他们，比把手掌翻过来还要容易，机会不可丧失。”姚硕德报告大王姚兴，率步骑兵六万人，向后凉王国发动灭国性总攻击：归义侯乞伏乾归率骑兵七千人一同出征。 12、六月一日，晋帝国变民首领孙恩从海上进入长江，突击丹徒（江苏省镇江市东丹徒镇），战士十余万，战舰千余艘，首都建康（江苏省南京市）惊骇震恐。 六月二日，中央及地方全部进入成严状态，文武百官日夜办公，住进国务院（省内）。冠军将军高素等驻防石头（建康城西北）；辅国将军刘袭用木栅切断淮口（秦准河注入长江口）；首都建康市长（丹阳尹）司马恢之在长江南岸布防；冠军将军（不知道怎么又有一个冠军将军）桓谦等驻守白石（安徽省当涂县西南），首都东区卫戍司令（左卫将军）王嘏等保护宫廷。征召豫州（州政府设历阳）州长谯王司马尚之返京协防。 镇北将军刘牢之从山阴（浙江省绍兴市）出发，率军阻截，还没有赶到，而孙恩的变民军已经过去。刘牢之遂命刘裕从海盐（浙江省海盐县）紧急入援。刘裕的兵力不满一千人，加倍速度，强行军日夜前进，遂跟孙恩同时抵达丹徒。刘裕人数既少，而长途赶路，士卒疲劳，体力不继；丹徒守军更没有斗志，形势岌岌可危。孙恩率军擂鼓呐喊，登上蒜山（镇江市西四千米金山）。当地居民肩上荷着扁担，站在一旁观看两军厮杀。刘裕挥军奔驰攻击，大破变民军。变民军溃散，从岸上投到水里淹死的很多，孙恩狼狈回船，仅仅逃出一命。但孙恩仗恃人数上的优势，稍加整顿，不久又直扑首都建康。后将军司马元显率军抵抗，不断战败。会稽王司马道子没有其他办法，唯一的谋略是每天到“蒋侯庙”祈祷（“蒋侯庙”在蒋山，蒋山在建康城东。东汉王朝末年，秣陵民兵司令蒋子文追击匪徒，在山下战死。东吴帝国一任帝孙权在山上为他盖庙祭祀。官员或平民所有祈祷，往往应验）。孙恩一天比一天迫近，人民恐惧惊慌。谯王司马尚之率精锐部队抵达，驻防宫城积弩堂。变民军战舰高大笨重，逆风而上，不能迅速前进，几天之后，才到白石（此白石应不是安徽省当涂县白石）。孙恩本来认为政府军分散各地，兵力不能集中，打算乘政府军没有戒备，发动突击。不久就知道司马尚之已入京师；又接到报告：刘牢之已经回军，驻防新洲（江苏省南京市北长江中小岛），不敢继续前进，遂向东撤退，由海道北上，直扑郁洲（江苏省连云港市东沉积小岛）。 孙恩别动部队将领攻陷广陵（江苏省扬州市），杀三千人。宁朔将军、广陵郡郡长（相）高雅之追击到郁洲，被孙恩变民军生擒。 荆州（州政府设江陵）州长桓玄磨利武器，训练兵马，严密注视中央政情变化；听到孙恩逼近京师，立即竖起军旗，建立大营，上奏要求出兵东下讨伐，司马元显大为恐惧。正巧孙恩退走，司马元显用皇帝名义下诏阻止，桓玄才解除戒严。 13、北凉王国武卫将军梁中庸等一致推举临池侯沮渠蒙逊当总司令官（大都督）、最高统帅（大将军）、凉州全权州长（牧）、张掖公（二任首领武宣王）；赦免境内罪犯，改年号永安（之前是天玺三年，之后是永安元年）。 沮渠蒙逊（本年三十四岁）任命堂兄沮渠伏奴当首都张掖市长（张掖太守），封和平侯；老弟沮渠挐当建忠将军（挐，音ru），封都谷侯。任命田昂当西郡（甘肃省永昌县西北）郡长，臧莫孩当辅国将军，房晷当左秘书长（左长史），梁中庸当右秘书长（右长史），张骘当左军政官（左司马），谢正礼当右军政官（右司马）。擢升或委派的都是有能力的贤才，文武官员无不喜悦。 14、南凉王国首领（二任康王）、河西王秃发利鹿孤命群臣尽量批评中央施政的得失，行政参谋官（西曹从事）史嵩说：“陛下每次派将领出征，所向无敌。可是却没有把安抚人民当做优先任务，反而全心全意强迫他们迁移。人民喜爱安定的生活，恐惧陌生的地方，所以很多人叛变离散，这正是虽然我们不断击斩敌人大将、夺取敌人城池，而国土却看不见扩张的原因。”秃发利鹿孤认为他的话有充分理由。 15、秋季，七月，北魏帝国兖州（州政府滑台）州长长孙肥率步骑兵二万人，南下夺取晋帝国的许昌（河南省许昌市东），挺进到东方彭城（江苏省徐州市），晋帝国将军刘该投降（刘该任徐州州长，参考三九六年五月十三日）。 16、后秦帝国远征后凉王国的大军继续推进，陇西公姚硕德从金城（甘肃省兰州市）渡过黄河，直指广武（甘肃省永登县）。南凉王国首领（二任康王）、河西王秃发利鹿孤急令广武守军撤退，避开后秦的攻击。后秦远征军遂抵达姑臧。后凉天王（四任）吕隆派辅国大将军吕超、龙骧将军吕邈等迎战。姚硕德大败后凉军，生擒吕邈，俘虏及斩杀以万为单位计算。吕隆登城固守，巴西公吕佗率东城部众二万五千人投降姚硕德。西凉王国（首都敦煌）首领（一任武昭王）、凉公李嵩：南凉王国首领、河丙王秃发利鹿孤：北凉王国首领（二任武宣王）、张掖公沮渠蒙逊：每人都派使节，呈递奏章，向后秦天王姚兴进贡。 最初，后凉王国国务院执行官（尚书）姜纪投降南凉王国（姜纪应在本年二月后凉政变时投奔），广武公秃发傉檀跟他谈论战略兵法，对姜纪至为亲信及敬重，坐则坐在一起，出则同乘一车，每次谈论，白天谈不完，晚上继续。南凉首领、河西王秃发利鹿孤对老弟秃发傉檀说：“姜纪实在有很高的才华，但他的眼界太高，不会满意我们这个狭小的局面，绝不可能久留，一旦进入秦国（后秦帝国），定会带来灾难，不如诛杀。”秃发傉檀说：“我以平民的身份，真诚心意，跟他相交，我保证他不会辜负。” 八月，姜纪率数十人骑兵投奔后秦帝国长征大军，向统帅姚硕德建议说：“吕隆固守一座孤城，没有外援，阁下（姚硕德）用大军施加压力，大势所趋，他一定投降。只是那不过是表面投降，并不是真正的心服口服。请配给我步骑兵三千人，跟将军王松匆合作，利用凉国（后凉王国）归降将领焦朗、华纯的军队，在旁严密监视，等待机会，就不必再担心吕隆。不然的话，秃发（南凉王国）身在南方，国家富有，武力强大，如果夺取姑臧，入城据守，威势当更强大，沮渠蒙逊（北凉王国）、李暠（西凉王国）都无力拒抗，势必归附。如果那样，将成为帝国的大敌。”姚硕德上疏推荐姜纪当武威郡（郡政府姑臧）郡长（空头官衔），交付给他战士两千人，进驻晏然（武威市北三十千米）。 天王姚兴听说杨桓贤明而有才干，征召他前往京师（首都长安）。南凉首领、河西王秃发利鹿孤不敢挽留。 17、晋帝（十六任安帝）司马德宗（本年二十岁）下诏（司马元显诏），任命刘裕当下邳郡（侨郡·在江苏省淮河以南）郡长，前往郁洲讨伐变民首领孙恩；连战连胜，大破变民军。孙恩开始衰弱，遂沿海岸南下；刘裕也尾随追击。 18、后燕帝国（首都龙城）平民天王（三任昭武帝）慕容盛（本年二十九岁）鉴于老爹慕容宝（二任惠愍帝）过度懦弱，招来国破身亡，所以竭力改正，建立绝对威严，刑罚严厉而残忍：而又自以为十分聪明，对很多人都心怀敌意，造成无穷无尽的猜忌。文武官员们只要有一小点嫌疑，就不由分说，立即诛杀。因此，包括家族、元老、功臣在内，人人都不能自保。 Bo Yang said: 慕容宝失败的原因，在于他昏庸，不在于他懦弱。慕容盛检讨老爹失败的原因时，竟然检讨出来在于过度懦弱。犹如一个人中风死亡，检查的结果竟说是因为脚趾长癣一样，结论奇异。 有一种检讨永远得不到正确答案，那就是检讨者无法承受正确答案的打击，慕容盛先天受到限制，他不能抨击老爹低能，所以只好胡扯，根据这个胡扯出来的病状诊断治疗，当然开错药方。不但治不好病，反而越治使病越重。 八月十五日，左将军慕容国跟殿中将军秦舆、段赞阴谋率军袭击慕容盛；事情泄露，诛杀五百余人。 八月二十日，深夜，前将军段玑跟秦舆的儿子秦兴、段赞的儿子段泰秘密进宫，擂鼓呐喊；慕容盛听到兵变消息，率左右卫士出战，变兵溃散。段玑受伤，躲在廊下房舍之内。而就在秩序稍稍恢复正常之时，刹那间，一个变民从暗中闪电出击，直刺慕容盛，慕容盛身受重伤，坐轿登上前殿，指挥禁卫军布置警戒，等到一切安定，才气绝身死（年二十九岁）。 中垒将军慕容拔、禁宫护卫执行宫（冗从仆射）郭仲报告丁太后（慕容盛娘亲），说明国家正面对太多灾难，应该拥戴一个年纪大的人当君王。这时，政府官员一致倾心于慕容盛的老弟、宰相（司徒）、国务院总理（尚书令）、平原公慕容元。可是，河间公慕容熙一向受丁太后的宠爱，丁太后遂罢黜皇太子慕容定，而把丈夫（二任帝慕容宝）的老弟慕容熙秘密迎接进宫。第二天早晨，文武百官到金銮宝殿时，才发现事情发生变化，只好顺水推舟，上疏给慕容熙，请求更进一步当皇帝（劝进）。慕容熙让给侄儿慕容元，慕容元不敢接受。 八月二十一日，慕容熙（本年十七岁）登天王宝座（四任昭文帝），捕获段玑等，全都屠杀三族。 八月二十二日，大赦全国。 八月二十四日，平原公慕容元因有叛乱嫌疑，天王慕容熙命他自杀。 闰八月十九日，把慕容盛安葬在兴平陵（今地不详），谥号昭武皇帝，庙号中宗。丁太后送儿子的灵柩到墓地，还没有回城，中央禁军总监（中领军）慕容提、步兵指挥官张佛等阴谋共同拥戴故太子慕容定，事情被发觉，全体伏诛，慕容熙下诏，命慕容定自杀。 闰八月二十四日，大赦，改年号光始（之前是长乐三年，之后是光始元年）。 19、后秦帝国陇西公姚硕德包围姑臧两个月，围城中的东方人（中原人）很多想要叛变逃走，将军魏益多又在其中煽风点火，阴谋诛杀天王吕隆跟安定公吕超，事情被发觉，受到牵连而斩首的有三百余家。姚硕德招徕安抚夷人、汉人，分别派定郡长、县长，减缩饮食，聚集粮秣，准备长久包围。 后凉王国群臣请求跟后秦帝国和解，天王吕隆拒绝。安定公吕超说：“现在，城里粮食储存己经一空，上下饥饿难忍，即令张良、陈平再生，也束手无策。陛下应考虑到权宜变通的办法，能屈能伸。为什么把一封信看得那么重要，而不肯派出使节，说几句卑微的话，用来击退强敌？等到强敌撤退之后，我们再力行德政，使人民获得休养。如果国家的命运没有走到尽头，何用担忧旧有的大业不能复兴？如果上天的宠爱己经成为过去，至少也可以保全家族。不然的话，坐对穷困，结局会是什么！”吕隆采纳。 九月，派使臣到后秦长征军大营投降。姚硕德上疏推荐吕隆当镇西大将军、凉州州长、建康公。吕隆派侄儿和开国元老慕容筑、杨颖等五十余家，到后秦首都长安充当人质。姚硕德大军纪律严明，秋毫无犯，祭祀从前的贤人，礼聘现存的知名之土，西方（河西走廊）人民，十分欢悦。 北凉王国首领、张掖公沮渠蒙逊所属的酒泉（甘肃省酒泉市）、凉宁（甘肃省酒泉市东北）二郡叛变，归降西凉王国；又听说吕家（后凉王国）投降后秦帝国，大为恐惧，派他的老弟建忠将军沮渠拏、州政府秘书长（牧府长史）张潜前往姑臧，晋见姚硕德，请求准许他率领所有部众迁到东方。姚