Chapter 5 The 1980s (380-389)

1. In spring, the first month, Fu Jian (forty-three years old) the king of heaven (the third Emperor Xuanzhao) of the former Qin Empire (the capital of Chang’an) appointed Fu Zhong, Duke of Beihai (for the rebellion of Fu Chong, refer to October the year before last) to be the governor of Peking University General, guarding Jicheng (Beijing). In February, a military officer school (Jiaowutang) was set up in Weicheng (Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province), and students from the National University (Taixue) who studied astronomy, geography (yin and yang) and military art were ordered to give lectures to generals.The head of the Royal Library (Secretary Superintendent) Zhu Xigui persuaded: "Your Majesty has conquered east and west and is invincible. Eight-tenths of the territory of China has been obtained. Although Jiangnan (the Jin Empire) has not yet surrendered, there is no need to worry about it. Therefore, you should take it easy. Reduce military operations and emphasize cultural and educational functions. Unexpectedly, teaching combat skills in the first batch of school buildings built may not be the way to gradually restore peace. Besides, the generals have experienced many battles, don’t they know how to fight? Instead, teach him to worship white-faced scholars as teachers? It will not improve their morale! It will not benefit the substance, but will damage the image, please think twice, Your Majesty." Fu Jian ordered to stop.

2. The former general of the Qin Empire conquering the north, the governor (inspector) of Youzhou (northern Hebei Province and Liaoning Province), and Fu Luo, the Duke of Xingtang (the time stationed in Helong), is brave and physically strong, able to sit and hold running cattle, and shoot arrows Can penetrate the iron plow, and thought that he had made great achievements in conquering Daiguo (capital Shengle) (refer to December 376), and asked for the addition of Kaifu Yitong Sansi (prime minister level); the central government did not agree, so he complained soaring. In March, the Heavenly King Fu Jian appointed Fu Luo as the "envoy" (first-level authority) to be the commander-in-chief of Yining and the Southwest Yi Military Region (the governor of the Southwest Yi military forces in Yining), the general who conquered the South, and Yizhou (central Sichuan Province). Full power governor (mu); led the army to the south, passed through Yique (South of Luoyang City, Henan Province), until Xiangyang (Xiangfan City, Hubei Province), and then took a ship and headed westward against the Han River.Fu Luo said to his subordinates: "I am a close relative of the royal family (Fu Luo, the son of the old emperor Fu Jian, and a cousin of the heavenly king Fu Jian), not only cannot go to the central government to serve as the prime minister and marshal, but have been exiled to the frontier. Now I’m thrown into the wilderness of the Southwest, where I’m not even allowed to pass through the capital (Chang’an), there must be a conspiracy, probably to teach Liang Cheng (Governor of Jingzhou) to sink me into the Han River and drown!” Youzhou (state government) The personnel officer (Zhizhong) of the Helong Prefecture Government said: "Those who seize power by means of rebellion and consolidate power by means of propriety and righteousness, Zi Tianyi (the first emperor of the Shang Dynasty), Ji Fa (the first king of the Zhou Dynasty) King Wu) belongs to this category. Jiang Xiaobai (Duke Huan, the sixteenth monarch of Qi State in the Spring and Autumn Period) and Ji Chonger (Duke Wen, the twenty-fourth monarch of Jin State) belong to this category. The Lord (Fu Jian ) is not fatuous and tyrannical, but it uses troops excessively and wages endless wars. Nine out of ten families long for the people to rest. If you hold up the sacred banner, the people of the whole country will surely revolt and submit to you. We have The territory of the ancient Kingdom of Yan (northern Hebei Province and Liaoning Province) stretched to the sea in the east, adjacent to Wuhuan and Xianbei tribes in the north, and Goguryeo and Baekje in the east. There were no less than half a million fighting troops. Why did they tie their hands together? Waiting for the call to jump into an unpredictable disaster?" Fu Luo was very excited, rolled up his sleeves, waved his arms, and shouted: "I have made up my mind to stop this plot, behead!" So he called himself the Supreme Commander ( General), Commander-in-Chief (Great Governor), King Qin.Appoint Pinggui as Governor of Youzhou, Jizhen, Magistrate of Xuantu County (Shenyang City, Liaoning Province) as Zuo Secretary-General (Zuo Changshi), and Governor of Liaodong County (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province) Zhao Zan as Zuo Military and Political Officer (Zuo Sima ), Changli County (Helongcheng · Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province) Wang Yudang Youjun and Political Officer (You Sima), Liaoxi County (Lulong County, Hebei Province) Wang Lin, Beiping County (Zunhua City, Hebei Province) Huang Fujie, the county magistrate, Wei Fu, the director of the horse farm (duwei of the herdsman), etc., served as the staff commander (engaged in Zhonglang).Send envoys to Xianbei Tribe, Wuhuan Tribe, Goguryeo Kingdom (capital Marudu), Baekje Kingdom (capital Bukhansan), Silla Kingdom (capital Jincheng), Xiuren Kingdom (lower reaches of Heilongjiang), recruit them and send troops 30,000 people assisted the Duke of Beihai in defending Jicheng.All the tribes and kingdoms replied unanimously: "We defend the frontier for the emperor (Fu Jian), and we cannot follow you as a traitor." Fu Luo felt frightened and planned to stop his actions. He hesitated and couldn't make a decision for a while.Wang Yan, Wang Lin, Huangfujie, and Wei Fu knew that Fu Luo could not succeed, and planned to report to the central government, but Fu Luo beheaded the four of them.Jizhen and Zhao Zan said: "The tribes and kingdoms did not accept our orders. It was completely unexpected. If you are really worried about this trip to Yizhou (the state government is located in Chengdu), you should send envoys to the capital to present the memorial. It is impossible for the Lord not to accept the request to stay in office." Pinggui said: "The rebellion has already been revealed, how can it be stopped halfway? The king should pretend to obey the edict and mobilize all the troops in Youzhou to go south from Changshan (Zhengding County, Hebei Province) Yangping Lord Fu Rong (who was stationed in Yecheng at the time) must go to the outskirts to meet him, take advantage of the situation to arrest him, and seize Jizhou (southern central Hebei Province). Big, where the banner goes, it will be calmed down with the wind." Fu Luo accepted this suggestion.

In summer, in April, Fu Luo set out from Helong with an army of 70,000 people.The king of heaven, Fu Jian, summoned civil and military officials to discuss countermeasures. The infantry commander (infantry lieutenant) Lu Guang said: "Xingtang Gong (Fu Luo) led the rebellion as a close relative of the royal family. Thousands of people, it is guaranteed that defeating him is as easy as bending down to pick up something." Fu Jian said: "Brothers Fu Zhong and Fu Luo occupy the Northeast region, and they have many soldiers and food, so they should not be underestimated." Lu Guang said: "His subordinates The crowd fought under duress, but gathered together like ants. Once the army is dispatched, it will surely disintegrate, so there is no need to worry.” Fu Jian first sent people to blame Fu Luo, persuaded Fu Luo to return to Helong, and promised to bring Youzhou to the people from generation to generation. Sealed to Fu Luo.Fu Luo said to the envoy: "Go back and report to the King of the East China Sea (Fu Jian was originally the King of the East China Sea, refer to June 20, 354. Fu Luo expressed that he did not recognize Fu Jian's status as the Heavenly King), Youzhou is remote and remote, pretending to be the king of the East China Sea. No less than the Son of Heaven (Fu Luozibi) who owns ten thousand chariots! I must be the leader of the whole of China and inherit the great cause of Gaozu (the first Emperor Fu Jian)! If he can go to Tongguan (Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province) to meet the Holy Driver, I will I will grant him the highest official position, let him keep his title, and return to his fiefdom." Fu Jian was furious, and sent General Zuo, Wudu County (Cheng County, Gansu Province) Dou Chong and Lu Guang to lead four infantry and cavalry mixed corps. Thousands of people crusade; the right general Dugui (du, surname) went to Yecheng in a government stagecoach, and led 30,000 armed forces of Jizhou as the vanguard; Fu Rong, the Duke of Yangping, was the commander-in-chief of the national campaign (conquering the governor).

Fu Zhong, Duke of Beihai, assembled all the troops in Jicheng, joined forces with Fu Luo, and stationed in Zhongshan County (Dingzhou City, Hebei Province), with as many as 100,000 people. In May, Dou Chong and others fought with Fu Luo in Zhongshan, and Fu Luo's army was defeated and collapsed.The government troops captured Fu Luo alive and escorted him to Chang'an.Duke Fu Chong of Beihai fled back to Jicheng, Lu Guang pursued him and beheaded Fu Chong.The cavalry commander (Tunqi Xiaowei) Shi Yue led 10,000 cavalry, set off from Donglai County (Laizhou City, Shandong Province) by boat, crossed the Bohai Sea, attacked Helong, and cut the rules; the chaos in Youzhou was all quelled .Fu Jian pardoned Fu Luo and exiled him to Xihai County, Liangzhou (Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia).

Sima Guang said: If meritorious persons are not rewarded, and guilty persons are not punished, even if Yiqi Fangxun (Yao) and Yao Chonghua (Shun) are in power, the country cannot be governed, let alone other kings?Fu Jian, the former king of the Qin Empire, pardoned traitors every time he captured them alive, and encouraged his subjects to try rebellion willingly and bravely to take risks in order to get lucky.Even if the power disappears and they are captured alive, there is still no need to worry about dying, so how can the chaos be calmed down! "Book of Books" said: "Strict restraint and appeasement, things will succeed. Appeasement and restraint are strict, and things will not succeed." ("Yin Zheng": "Weike Jue love, Yun Ji. Love Ke Juewei, Yun Wanggong.") Said: "Don't forgive the treacherous and cunning people, you should be extremely careful. Stop the vicious and tyrannical people, and prevent them from turning their faces and swallowing them." There is nothing to do.") Now, Fu Jian has violated these lessons, how can he survive!

Bo Yang said: Everyone is blinded, that is, they all have blind spots, and they cannot see what is in the blind spots.This is true for the mediocre, and so is the hero.Fu Jian's wisdom and knowledge are top-notch, but they cannot be unconcealed.Tolerance is a noble virtue, but for a political leader, if he is too tolerant, he only sees two lines of tears in front of him, but cannot see the mourning of thousands of people in the world.Tolerance then turns into appeasement, which will certainly destroy the dignity of the law and the stability of society. Moreover, tolerance and love are definitely not a panacea as described by the religious people.Communication and understanding between people lies in the same level. Noble virtues will be considered foolish when they meet a despicable heart.When you tolerate someone's faults, if he thinks you have jumped into his trap again, love becomes a breeding ground for ingratitude.People with noble qualities have the ability to be grateful. Not everyone has this ability. Fu Jian soon swallowed the evil result of his indiscrimination between right and wrong.

3. The government of the Jin Empire (capital Jiankang) believed that the retreat of the former Qin Empire’s army was due to the executive director of the State Council (Shangshu Pushe) Xie An, General Cheqi, and Governor Huan Chong of Jingzhou (the state government was established in Shangming).He was awarded the Commander of the Capital Garrison of Xie'an (General Wei), and he and Huan Chong all opened the Third Division of Yitong (this refers to the victory of Xuyi, refer to last June; but the two major towns of Xiangyang and Weixing fell, countless dead, but no punishment) . On June 19, the Jin Empire granted amnesty.

On June 22, Sima Daozi, king of Kuaiji, was appointed prime minister (Situ), but Sima Daozi resolutely declined. 4. Fu Jian, the former king of the Qin Empire, recruited Duke Yangping Fu Rong to serve as a senior consultant (servant), chief legislator of the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshujian), commander-in-chief of all military regions across the country (supervisor of Chinese and foreign military forces), general of chariots, Commander of the Gyeonggi General Garrison (Sili Lieutenant), in charge of government secrets (recorded affairs).Recruited General Zhengnan, Acting Premier of the State Council (Shou Shangshuling), Changle Duke Fu Pi, Commander-in-Chief of the Kwantung Military Region (supervising all military forces in the Kwantung Region), General Zhengdong, and Plenipotentiary Governor (shepherd) of Jizhou (the state government established Yecheng).

Due to the rapid increase of the Di nationality, Fu Jian's population gradually increased.In autumn and July, Sanyuan (Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province), Jiuyi (sound zong. North of Liquan County, Shaanxi Province), Wudu (Chengxian County, Gansu Province), Qianxian County (Long County, Shaanxi Province), Yongcheng (Shaanxi Province The 150,000 households of the Di ethnic group in Fengxiang County, Guangdong Province) and other places, led by their chiefs or patriarchs, went to various military regions across the country to settle down, imitating the feudal system of ancient emperors.Fu Pi, Duke of Changle, ruled three thousand households of Di people, and ordered Chouchi (South of Xihe County, Gansu Province) Di tribe chief and commander of the Shooting Corps (Lieutenant of Shesheng) Yang Ying to be the political officer of the Zuo Army in the General's Mansion of the East. Dong Zuo Sima), the chief of the Jiuyidi tribe, the commander of the foreign corps (Changshui Xiaowei), and the Qi Wu as the right military and political officer (You Sima), each leading 1,500 households, as the Changle State (Ji County, Hebei Province) hereditary office.Ordered Changle King's Mansion Imperial Guard Commander (Lang Zhongling), Lueyang County (east of Tianshui County, Gansu Province) Ren Yuanchang to be a confidential military counselor (recording affairs and joining the army); Royal Assistant (Speaker) Fufeng County (Mei County, Shaanxi Province) ) Wei Gan was a military councilor (joined in the military); Shen Shao was a general affairs officer (don't drive).Yang Ying is the elder brother of Fu Pi's wife.Qi Wu is Yang Ying's father-in-law.

In August, Youzhou was divided, Pingzhou (Liaoning Province) was established, and the cavalry commander (Tunqi Xiaowei) Shi Yue was appointed as the governor of Pingzhou to guard Longcheng (Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province); the Supreme Legislative Chief of the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshuling ) Liang Xing was the governor of Youzhou (northern Hebei Province) and guarded Jixian County (Beijing); General Mao Xing of the Fujun Army was the commander-in-chief of the Heqin Military Region (duduhe and Qinzhou's military forces), and Hezhou (Taoshui River Basin, Gansu Province) Governor, guarding Fanghan (Linxia City, Gansu Province); Wang Teng, Commander of the Foreign Corps, as Governor of Bingzhou (central Shanxi Province), guarding Jinyang (Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province); Hezhou and Bingzhou, each assigned 3,000 families of Di ethnic .Mao Xing and Wang Teng were married to the Fu family and had high prestige among the Di people.He also appointed Pingyuan Gongfu Hui as the commander-in-chief of the Yuyang Military Region of Yuluo, Jingnan, Yandong and Yuyang (the governors of the six prefectures of Yu, Luo, Jing, Nanyan, Dongyu, and Yang), the general of Zhendong, and the full-power governor (shepherd) of Yuzhou. , guarding Luoyang (East of Dongbaima Temple, Luoyang City, Henan Province. Xuchang was formerly governed by Yuzhou).The governor of Luozhou was ordered to move to Fengyang (Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province. Luozhou was originally governed by Luoyang).He also ordered Fu Rui, the Duke of Julu, to be the governor of Yongzhou (the state government is located in Puban).Each person belongs to 3,200 households of the Di ethnic group.

Fu Jian gave Fu Pi a farewell farewell at Bashang (on the bank of the Dongba River in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province). The Di people who accompanied Fu Pi parted from their fathers, brothers and family members. be touched.Sitting with Zhao Zhengyin, he played the piano and sang: "Adezhi, Adezhi (whether there is sound or not), the uncle of Shrike (the name of the bird) is Qiu Sui (I don't know what "Qiu Sui" is), and the tail Long, short wings, unable to fly. Exile the Di people of the same species far away, but leave the Xianbei of the foreign race, in case of emergency, who can you rely on!" Fu Jian understood the meaning of the song, but he only smiled and did not accept it. Bo Yang said: It was a grand strategic plan for Fu Jian to assign his Di ethnic group to various important military regions across the country.The Di ethnic group is the least populous ethnic group among the northern ethnic groups (the Jie people are just a branch of the Huns), and the only way to manage the non-Di ethnic groups who account for the absolute majority is to control the hub area.After the Manchurians established the Qing government in China in the 17th century, they sent the Eight Banners Corps to various places for garrison. This is exactly the meaning.We don't think Manchurians necessarily followed Fu Jian's example, but the Aixinjueluo family was very familiar with Chinese history.Therefore, the Manchurian garrison system most likely came from the inspiration of Fu Jian. However, this is a secret strategy that is difficult to publicize publicly, so Fu Jian laughed off any opposition, as is often the case with the loneliness of wise men.The problem is that the implementation of this grand strategy is a little too early, and it is implemented in advance when the conditions are not yet ripe.It is not impossible to advance, if there is no fat and water defeat (refer to November 383), this grand strategy will produce the effect of the Eight Banners garrison system, making the country stable.However, the failure of fat and water caused this premature grand strategy to have a fatal sequelae: the Di people of the own race in the area where the capital is located have been hollowed out, and the non-Di people—especially the Xianbei people, filled the city and outside the city, so that the country was shaken and the empire collapsed. 5. On September 10, Wang Fahui, the queen of Sima Changming (19 years old this year), the emperor of the Jin Empire (15th Emperor Xiaowu), passed away (21 years old). In winter, in October, Li Xun, the governor of Jiuzhen County (Qinghua City, Vietnam), occupied Jiaozhou (the state government set up a dragon branch) and rebelled. 6. Fu Jian, the former emperor of the Qin Empire, appointed General Zuo Ban Yang Bi as the governor of Qinzhou (the state government was established in Shanggu), Zhao Qian, the executive officer of the State Council (Shangshu), was the governor of Luozhou (the state government was established in Fengyang), and the commander of Nanba (Nanba school lieutenant) Jiang Yu is the governor of Ningzhou (the state government has five cities). 7. On November 13, the Jin Empire buried the deceased Queen Wang Fahui (Queen Ding) in the Longping Mausoleum (Sima Changming's default base · Jiankang City East Jiangshan Southwest). 8. In December, the government of the former Qin Empire appointed General Zuo Dugui as governor of Jingzhou (Southern Henan Province) to guard Xiangyang (Xiangfan City, Hubei Province. The original text was to guard Pengcheng, which is obviously wrong).Establish East Yuzhou (the eastern part of Henan Province), appoint the right general Mao Dang as the governor, and guard Xuchang (the east of Xuchang City, Henan Province. The former Yuzhou State Government moved to Luoyang in August this year). 9. This year, Fu Jian, the former king of the Qin Empire, sent more than 200 people, including the governor of Gaomi County (Overseas Chinese County · Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province) captured by the Jin Empire, to the Jin Empire. . 1. In spring, the first month, Sima Changming (the fifteenth Emperor Xiaowu) of the Jin Empire (capital Jiankang) began to believe in Buddhism. He set up a "jingshe" (study) in the palace and invited monks to enter live.Secretary-General Zuo of the State Council (Shangshu Zuocheng) Wang Ya (Sima Changming's grandfather) went to Shu to dissuade him, but Sima Changming ignored him.Wang Ya is the great-grandson of Wang Su (Wang Su, refer to August 330). On the 26th of the first lunar month, Xie Shi, the executive officer of the State Council (Shangshu), was promoted to be the executive director of the State Council (Pu She). 2. In February, the Yi people in the East and the sixty-two countries in the Western Regions (Xinjiang and Eastern Central Asia) paid tribute to the former Qin Empire (capital Chang'an). 3. Summer, June 1st, solar eclipse. 4. In autumn, on July 25th, Du Yuan, the head of Jiaozhi County (the county government set up a dragon branch) in the Jin Empire, beheaded the rebel general Li Xun (refer to October last year), and Jiaozhou (northern Vietnam) was pacified. In winter, in October, the former Wuling King Sima Xi (refer to November 371), who had been demoted to a commoner, died in Xin'an County (Chun'an County, Zhejiang Province) (at the age of 66).Jin Emperor Sima Changming posthumously crowned Sima Xi the Prince of Xinning County, and ordered his son Sima Zun to inherit the title. On Jihai day in November (November Wuchenshuo, there is no Jihai), Xi Yin, the former county magistrate of Kuaiji County (Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province), was promoted to be the chief inspector (Sikong); Xi Yin resolutely resigned. 5. In the former Qin Empire, Jingzhou (the prefectural government was located in Xiangyang), the governor (inspector) Dugui, sent the military and political officer (Sima) Yan Zhen, and the military counselor of Daying (the middle soldier joined the army) Wu Zhong led an army of 20,000 to attack the Jin Empire. Jingling County (Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province).General Huan Chong of the Jin Empire, governor of Jingzhou (the state government was established in Ming Dynasty), Huan Shiqian, the governor of Nanping County (Gan'an County, Hubei Province), and Huan Shimin, the military counselor of the Capital Garrison Headquarters (the guards joined the army) led the army. The 20,000 land and water mixed corps resisted the former Qin Nan troops.Huan Shimin is the younger brother of Huan Shiqian. On December 8th, Huan Shiqian attacked Yan Zhen and Wu Zhong, defeated the former Qin army, and Yan Zhen and Wu Zhong retreated to the custody city (should be in the northwest of Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province).Huan Shiqian attacked.On December 27, they captured Guancheng, captured Yan Zhen and Wu Zhong alive, killed more than 7,000 people, and captured 10,000 people. Emperor Sima Changming of Jin issued an edict to make Huan Chong's son Huan Qian the Marquis of Yiyang, and Huan Shiqian to be the county magistrate of Hedong County (Qiao County, Northwest of Songzi County, Hubei Province). 6. This year, the Jin Empire suffered a great famine. 1. In spring, in March, the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Si Nong) of the former Qin Empire (capital Chang'an), Fu Yang, Duke of Donghai, and Wang Pi, the advisor of Sanqi outside the establishment (the Minister of Sanqi outside the establishment), and the assistant official of the State Council (Shang Shulang) ) Zhou Yu conspired to rebel.The matter was leaked, arrested, and handed over to the Ministry of Justice (Ting Wei) for trial.Fu Yang is the son of Fu Fa (Fu Fa was falsely murdered, refer to November 357).Wang Pi is the son of Wang Meng.The king of heaven (the third Emperor Xuanzhao) Fu Jian (forty-five years old this year) personally asked them the reason for their rebellion. Fu Yang said: "My father (Fu Fa) was sentenced without guilt, and I just avenged my father." Fu Jian wept. Said: "Your father's death was not decided by me, don't you know?" Wang Pi said: "My father is in the prime minister, and he has made great contributions to assisting the king and creating great achievements, but I am inevitably poor and humble, so I want to pursue Wealth and power!" Fu Jian said: "When the Prime Minister (Wang Meng) was dying (refer to July 375), he entrusted you to me, as long as I give you ten cows to plow the fields, and I don't want you to be an official. The only one who knows a son is the father. You can see how wise your father is from what you have done." Zhou Yu said: "I have been favored by the Jin State (Jin Empire) for generations, and I was a subject of the Jin State when I was alive. The ghosts of Jin, what more can I ask?" Zhou Yu had conspired against him many times before, and both sides suggested that he be killed. Fu Jian said: "Zhou Yu is a martyr with such ambitions, so he is afraid of death! Kill him It just happened to teach him to become famous!" All were pardoned, but Fu Yang was exiled to Gaochang County, Liangzhou (east of Turpan City, Xinjiang), and Wang Pi and Zhou Yu were exiled to the north of Shuofang (Hetao area of ​​the Yellow River).Zhou Yu died in the demolition office.Fu Yang was so brave that he was soon exiled to the Kingdom of Shanshan (Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang).In the mid-1980s of this century (fourth century), when the former Qin Empire was in chaos, Fu Yang hijacked the prime minister of the Shanshan Kingdom and planned to return to the East, and the Shanshan King killed Fu Yang. 2. Fu Jian, the king of the former Qin Empire, transported the bronze camels, bronze horses, Fengshen (Fei Lian), and bronze men (Weng Zhong) from Yecheng (Southwest Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei Province) back to the capital Chang'an (the third term of the later Zhao Empire) Emperor Shihu moved them from Chang'an to Yecheng, refer to December 336. Forty-six years ago, return to the original place). 3. In summer, in April, the former Qin Empire promoted Wang Yong, the magistrate of Fufeng County (Mei County, Shaanxi Province), to be the governor (inspector) of Youzhou (Jicheng, where the state government is located).Wang Yong is Wang Pi's elder brother.Wang Pi was vicious and sinister, and behaved badly, while Wang Yong was clean and fond of learning, so Fu Jian ordered him to be an official.Then he promoted Yangping Duke Fu Rong to be prime minister (Situ); Fu Rong resigned resolutely.Fu Jian was plotting to crusade against the Jin Empire, so Fu Rong was awarded General Nan Zheng and Kaifu Yitong Third Division (Prime Minister level). In 4 and May, locusts were infested in Youzhou (northern Hebei Province) of the former Qin Empire, and thousands of miles were affected.The Heavenly King Fu Jian ordered Liu Lan, a Sanqi attendant (Sanqi Changshi) and a native of Pengcheng County (Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province), to mobilize Youzhou, Jizhou (southern central Hebei Province), Qingzhou (northern Shandong Province), and Bingzhou (Shanxi Province) Central) people, massacred. 5. In autumn, on August 11th, the Jin Empire (capital Jiankang) amnesty. 6. Fu Jian, the former king of the Qin Empire, appointed the commentator (advising doctor) Pei Yuanlue as the county governor of Brazil (Langzhong City, Sichuan Province) and Zitong (Mianyang City, Sichuan Province), and asked him to secretly build ships (preparing to attack the Jin Empire) . In July and September, King Mizhi of the Cheshi Former Kingdom (Turpan City, Xinjiang) and Xiu Mituo, King of the Shanshan Kingdom, went to the former Qin Empire to meet with the Heavenly King Fu Jian. They voluntarily acted as guides to crusade against the Western Regions (Xinjiang and eastern Central Asia) and refused to surrender. The countries of the country; request the establishment of a governor (du protector) to govern like the Han Dynasty government. Fu Jian agreed to appoint Lu Guang, General Xiaoqi, as "envoy" (first-level power), Commander-in-Chief of the Western Regions Expedition and Suppression (supervisor of all military forces in the Western Regions), together with General Lingjiang Jiang Fei, General Peng Huang of Qingche, General Du Jin, Kang Sheng and others commanded 100,000 infantry and 5,000 cavalry to attack the Western Regions.Fu Rong, the Duke of Yangping, dissuaded him and said: "The Western Regions are desolate and far away. It is useless to get the people there, and it is useless to grow crops if you get the land there. After Liu Che (Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty) conquered them, what he got could not make up for what he lost. Now, it is a pity that the labor army is going out thousands of miles away, repeating the mistakes of the Western Han Dynasty." Fu Jian did not accept it. 8. General Huanchong of the Jin Empire and governor of Jingzhou (the state government was established in Shangming) sent Zhu Chuo, the general of Yangwei, to attack Xiangyang, which was guarded by Dugui, the governor of Jingzhou in the former Qin Empire. Cultivated villages, looted more than 600 families and returned. 9. In winter, in October, Fu Jian, the former king of the Qin Empire, held an enlarged imperial report in the Taiji Hall, and instructed: "It has been nearly 30 years since I inherited the great cause (Fu Jian ascended the throne in June 357 to this year) It has been twenty-six years), all within the four seas have been pacified, only the southeast corner has not been influenced by Wang Hua. Now, it is roughly estimated that my armed forces are as many as 970,000 people. I plan to lead the crusade personally. What do you think?" The Royal Librarian (Secretary Superintendent) Zhu Xi said: "Your Majesty respectfully executes justice on behalf of the heavens. There must be only military actions and no bloody battles! If the emperor of Jin did not take the jade to the gate of the military camp If you surrender, you will have to run away and die on the rivers and lakes. Your Majesty will allow those people in the Central Plains who fled to Jiangnan (south of the Yangtze River) to return to their hometowns and former residences. After that, the imperial driver will return and go to the East to inspect and worship the gods of heaven and earth on Mount Tai. , to report that you have completed the sacred mission of unifying the country, this is a once-in-a-thousand-year opportunity." Fu Jian said with great joy: "This is exactly my ambition." Quan Yi, Zuo Executive Director of the State Council (Shangshu Zuo Pushe), said: "In the past, Zishou Xin (Zhou) was tyrannical and innocent, just because there were three respected and caring people who stayed in the government (three caring people) : Zi Qi, Zi Xu Yu, Zi Gan), Ji Fa (the first king of the Zhou Dynasty, King Wu) ordered to return to the army for them. Although Jin is now in decline, there are no major crimes and atrocities. Xie An and Huan Chong are all The great people in Jiangbiao (Jiangdong), the monarch and his ministers are in harmony, and the top and bottom are of the same mind. From my observation, it is impossible to win." Fu Jian was silent for a long time, and said: "Everyone talks about their own opinions." Shi Yue, the captain of the left-wing guard of the Crown Prince's uterus (lead by the prince's left guard), said: "This year, Zhen Xing guards against Dou Xing, and Fu Xing is staying in the sky over the ancient Wu Kingdom area (southern Jiangsu Province). If you attack it, the heavens will surely send a catastrophe. Moreover, they rely on the danger of the Yangtze River, and the people obey the leadership of the government, so depending on the situation, they may not be able to attack." Fu Jian said: "In the past, when Ji Fa attacked Zi Shouxin, he also offended the lucky stars of the year and disobeyed the divination instructions ("Xunzi" Said: "Ji Fa killed Zi Shou Xin, and greeted Tai Sui in the east." To welcome Tai Sui is to reverse Tai Sui. "Zi Zi" said: "Ji Fa crusaded Zi Shou Xin, and Yu Xin dissuaded him and said: 'The star of the year is in the north. Take action.’ Ji Fa does not accept it." "Historical Records The Qi Family": "Ji Fa will cut down his son and suffer hardships, and use the tortoise shell to divination, which shows a bad omen; the wind and rain suddenly come, everyone is afraid, only Jiang Ziya has a firm attitude and tries his best. Advise Ji Fa not to waver, and Ji Fa proceeded forward."), God's arrangement is not easy for us mortals to know. Wu Fucha (the last king of the Wu Kingdom) and Sun Hao (the last emperor of the Eastern Wu Empire) all rely on their The Yangtze River and the Great Lakes will inevitably perish in the end. Now, our armed forces are so large that throwing a horsewhip is enough to stop the river from flowing. What danger can we rely on?" Shi Yue said: "Those three countries (Shang Dynasty, Wu Kingdom, Dongwu Kingdom) The kings of the Jin Dynasty are all licentious, violent, and overbearing. Therefore, the enemy destroys them as easily as bending down to pick up things. Now, although Jin has no place to praise, it has not committed any heinous crimes. I hope that Your Majesty will rest the army to support the people, Stockpile food and fodder, and wait for favorable opportunities." Everyone stated their interests one after another, and it took a long time to reach a consensus conclusion. Fu Jian said: "This is building a house on the side of the road, but asking for the opinions of passers-by. There is no date to complete it. It is better for me to decide." After the meeting was adjourned, Fu Jian left his younger brother Fu Rong alone, and said to him: "Since ancient times, there have been only one or two senior officials in the government who participated in deciding major events. Everyone talked a lot, which only made people half-hearted. I am now Let me decide this matter with you." Fu Rong said: "There are three major difficulties in the crusade against Jin. One is that it violates God's will; the other is that Jin has no opportunity to take advantage of it; Have the mentality of fearing the enemy. Anyone who opposes the crusade against Jin is loyal and good, please accept it." Fu Jian's face changed drastically, and he said: "Even you are like this, who else can I count on? Our powerful armed forces, There are millions of them, and their weapons and equipment are piled up like a mountain. Although I am not a wise leader, I am not a fool. I should take advantage of the power of victorious battles to attack a country that is about to perish. Why worry about not being able to overcome it? Why bother? The remnants of bandits left behind will become a foreign invasion of the empire!" Fu Rong said in tears: "The reason for the impossibility of Jin's destruction is obvious. We may not win a completely safe victory if we launch a large-scale war. However, my worries Not only that, His Majesty treats and favors the Xianbei, Qiang, and Jie people. Their troops are all over the capital. These people are the enemies of the empire, but the prince (Fu Hong) stays alone in the capital with tens of thousands of old and weak soldiers (Chang'an, the capital). What I am afraid of is that if there is a sudden change in the heart or below the elbow, it will be too late to regret. I am stupid and stubborn, and my views are certainly not worthy of your Majesty's trust. Wang Meng is a hero of the generation. Your Majesty often compares him to Zhuge Liang, isn't it? Remember what he said when he was about to die (refer to July 375)?" Fu Jian refused.However, many government officials have written to dissuade them.Fu Jian said: "When I attacked Jin, I had assessed the strength of the two sides. It was like a strong wind blowing autumn leaves! Government officials opposed it. I don't understand why." Prince Fu Hong said: "This year's lucky star is covering the territory of the ancient Wu Kingdom (southern Jiangsu Province), and the King of Jin (Sima Changming) has no crimes. Once the attack starts, if he cannot win, his prestige and financial resources will be damaged. Internal exhaustion is the biggest doubt of the subordinates." Fu Jian said: "In the past, when I wiped out the Yan Kingdom (the former Yan Empire), I also offended Fu Xing (refer to August 370), and the result was a great victory. Foretelling! The Qin Kingdom destroys the six kingdoms, is it true that the kings of the six kingdoms are all tyrannical?" The champion general and mayor of the capital Chang'an (Jing Zhaoyin) Murong Chui spoke to Fu Jian, saying: "The weak are swallowed up by the strong, and the small are eliminated by the big. The prestige shakes overseas, the powerful armed forces number as many as one million, good generals like Han Xin and Bai Qi are full of government, and the palm-sized Jiangnan (Jin Empire) defies the king's order alone, and it should not be left to the descendants to solve it! Said: "There are too many people who put forward opinions, so it cannot be successful." It is enough for His Majesty to make his own decision, why worry about the opinions of other officials. Sima Yan (the first emperor of the Jin Dynasty) eradicated Wu (Eastern Wu Empire) Zhang Hua and Du Yu are just two or three people (discussing the matter of sending troops to the Eastern Wu Empire, refer to August 279), if we use the method of voting and accept the opinions of the majority, how can we unify the whole country?" Fu Jian was very happy, Said: "You are the only one who decides the world with me." Reward five hundred pieces of silk and satin. Fu Jian's whole energy was attracted by the military plan of the Southern Expedition, and he was so excited that he slept until midnight every night before waking up with a start.Fu Ronggui, the Duke of Yangping, advised: "There is a saying in ancient times: 'If you know you are satisfied, you will not be insulted; if you know enough is enough, you will not fail. , abuse of military power, wage wars without ceasing, there is nothing that will not perish. Moreover, we are in fact also people of Rong and Di, and the orthodoxy of China will not fall into our hands. However, where the orthodoxy of China is, God will not make them extinct." Fu Jian said: "Is there a certain way to pass on the throne of the emperor, and no one can do it? It only depends on who has kindness, it is God's will! Liu Chan (Shu Han) Wasn’t the last emperor of the empire a descendant of the Han dynasty? Wasn’t it finally wiped out by the Cao Wei empire? The reason why you are not as good as me is because you don’t have the ability to digest and don’t know how to think in many ways.” Fu Jian has always respected the Buddhist monk Dao'an (Dao'an was originally preaching Yang Buddhism in Xiangyang, and the former Qin Empire captured Xiangyang and sent him to Chang'an).Civil and military officials asked Daoan to lobby Fu Jian when he had the opportunity. In November, Fu Jian and Dao'an rode in a royal chariot and visited the East Imperial Garden.Fu Jian said: "I'm going to travel south to Wuyue (Jiangdong) with you, boating on the Yangtze River, and heading to the deep sea. Wouldn't it be a joy in the world?" Sifang is better than Yi Qi Fangxun (Yao) and Yao Chonghua (Shun)! Why brave the wind and rain to manage a distant place? Moreover, the southeast (Jiangdong) terrain is low and humid, and the miasma is serious. Yao Chonghua traveled south and died , Si Wenming never returned (Yao Chonghua was the last king of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty. The Confucian school beautified this seizure of power as abdication, and this exile as a hunting tour. When Si Wenming was in power, he inspected Kuaiji and died. Kuaiji in the fourth century was Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province; In the second century, Kuaiji was located in Yichuan County, Henan Province. Ancient historians shifted the names of the places to the south and moved their deeds to the south. How can they be worthy of labor?" Fu Jian said: "God sent so many people to choose a king for them How can I dare to be afraid of hard work, so that a small area in the south of the Yangtze River will not receive the grace of God? If your words are true, isn’t it true that since ancient times, emperors have not engaged in wars!” Dao’an said : "If your Majesty must go on an expedition, he should also stay in Luoyang (to the east of Dongbaima Temple, Luoyang City, Henan Province), and send envoys to send the proclamation to Jiangnan (south of the Yangtze River), and then order the generals to lead the army to advance. (The Jin Empire) will kowtow to become a minister, Your Majesty does not have to cross the Huai River and Yangtze River in person!" Fu Jian refused. Mrs. Zhang, Fu Jian's favorite, also resolutely opposed, and persuaded Fu Jian, saying: "I once heard that no matter whether the heaven and the earth nourish all things, or whether the sage king governs the world, success must follow the natural trend. Ji Xuanyuan (Huang Di) Using oxen to pull carts and horses to carry people is in line with their nature; Si Wenming (Yu) excavated nine riverbeds and filled nine swamps and lakes, all in line with their situation; Ji Qi (the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty) planted various The food is in accordance with their growing season; Zi Tianyi (the first emperor of the Shang Dynasty) and Ji Fa (the first king of the Zhou Dynasty) led the people of the whole country to attack Si Lugui (Jie) and Zishouxin (Zhou),都是顺应全国民心。有可以激发的因素，然后才可成功；没有可以激发的因素，一定归于失败。而今，政府官员或市井小民，都认为不可以进攻晋国，只陛下一人，独断专行，我不知道你顺应什么？《书经》说：'上天看到的和听到的，就是人民看到的和听到的。'（《皋陶谟》：“天聪明自我民聪明。”）天的决定，还看民心，何况人的决定？我又曾经听说：圣明的君王，每次出动大军，都要上遵天意、下顺民意。现在，民意至为明显，请验证天意如何？谚语说：'鸡在夜里啼叫，行军就要不利。成群结队的狗狂吠，宫殿就要荒芜。兵器无缘无故发出响声，马匹惊恐，军队就要失败，不能回归。'自从秋冬以来，家家户户，夜半鸡啼，群犬哀嚎，厩房里的马匹，不断惊惶嘶叫，军械库的武器，没有人动，却发出怪声，这都不是大军出动时的祥瑞预兆。”苻坚说： “军国大事，女人不应该过问。” 苻坚最小的儿子、中山公苻诜最受苻坚宠爱，也劝说：“我曾经听说，国家的兴盛或败亡，完全在于对贤能人才的态度。阳平公（苻融）是我们的重要智囊，陛下却不听他的意见。晋国有谢安和桓冲，陛下却对他们攻击，我感到困惑。”苻坚说：“天下大事，小孩子知道什么！” 10、前秦帝国散骑侍从官刘兰，督促扑灭蝗虫的任务，经过秋季又到冬季，不能完成，蝗虫依然成灾。 十二月，主管单位奏请征召刘兰回京（首都长安），交付司法部（廷尉）审判。天王苻坚说：“蝗虫是上天降下的灾祸，人力无法抵抗，这是我的过失，刘兰有什么罪？” 本年，前秦帝国大为丰收，上等田每亩收割七十石，下等田每亩收割三十石，蝗虫始终限于幽州，没有蔓延出境，而且不吃麻科和豆类，上等田每亩可收割一百石，下等田每亩可收割五十石。 Bo Yang said: 蝗灾正严重的时候，全国竟然同时丰收，犹如一个人正患肺炎，身体检查报告却说他的健康处于巅峰一样，是不可能的事。 上说：华北一片平原，蝗虫一直盘旋在幽州一隅，不肯南下，既不肯南下，为什么还要发动青州、冀州、并州人民扑蝗？而且留在幽州境内的，既不吃麻，又不吃豆，甚至于每亩收割超过三十石，已够骇人听闻，最后索性高达百石，更是荒唐。 然而，史书却如此记载，是因为中央政府档案如此记载；中央政府档案所以如此记载，是因为地方政府如此呈报。在上位掌权的官员喜欢什么调调，在下位混饭吃的干部，就会唱什么调调，使在上位的掌权官员舒服过瘕。在上位的官员明知道在下位的干部在那里混饭，可是，既然自己舒了服，过了瘾，也就乐于有这种摇尾系统。 王猛的尸体未寒，所建立的诚实制度已经解体，从蝗灾兼丰收案上，显露出上下交相骗的局势已成。这时候，人民假如没有能力更换政府，就应该准备接受灾难。 1、春季，正月，前秦帝国（首都长安）骁骑将军吕光，率西征大军从首都长安出发；由鄯善王国（新疆若羌县）国王休密驮、车师前王国（新疆吐鲁番市）国王弥窴充当向导（前秦讨伐西域事，参考去年九月）。 2、三月二十八日，晋帝国（首都建康）大赦。 3、夏季，五月，晋帝国车骑将军、荆州（州政府设上明）州长（刺史）桓冲，率大军十万人向前秦帝国发动总攻，先行攻击襄阳（湖北省襄樊市）；派前将军刘波等攻击沔水（汉水）以北各城池；又派辅国将军杨亮攻击巴蜀（重庆市和四川省），克服五城（前秦宁州州政府所在县·四川省中江县），挺进到涪城（四川省绵阳市）；又命鹰扬将军郭铨攻击武当（湖北省丹江口市西北）。 六月，桓冲所属其他将领攻击万岁（湖北省穀城县境）、筑阳（湖北省榖城县），全都攻克。 前秦帝国天王（三任宣昭帝）苻坚（本年四十六岁）派征南将军、钜鹿公苻叡和冠军将军慕容垂等，率步骑兵五万人，救援襄阳；兖州（州政府设鄄城）州长张崇援救武当（湖北省丹江口市西北）；后将军张蚝、步兵指挥官（步兵校尉）姚苌援救涪城（四川省绵阳市）。苻叡进驻新野（河南省新野县），慕容垂进驻邓城（湖北省襄樊市北）；桓冲撤退到沔水南岸。 秋季，七月，晋帝国鹰扬将军郭铨跟冠军将军桓石虔，在武当击败前秦援军张崇，掳掠居民二千户人家而回。前秦钜鹿公苻叡派慕容垂当先锋，推进到沔水。夜晚，慕容垂教每一个士卒都拿十束火把，绑在树枝上，火光照耀数十里。桓冲恐惧，撤退，回到上明。 张蚝从褒斜谷（陕西省太白县西南褒河山谷）南下，晋帝国辅国将军杨亮撤退。桓冲上表推荐侄儿桓石民当襄阳郡郡长（空头官衔），镇守夏口（湖北省武汉市）。桓冲请求自兼江州（江西省及福建省）州长，晋帝司马昌明（本年二十二岁）下诏允许（《晋书·桓冲传》：桓冲原来推荐王荟当江州州长，王荟因老哥逝世，辞职。谢安立刻推荐他的家人谢輶接任，桓冲大怒，攻击谢輶既不懂文，又不懂武，要求自兼）。 4、前秦帝国天王苻坚下达讨伐晋帝国动员令。规定人民每十个成年男子中抽出一个当兵。年龄在二十岁以下，家世清白子弟，勇敢而有才能的，全都任命当羽林军警卫官（羽林郎）。下诏说：“现在，任命司马昌明（晋帝国现任皇帝）当国务院左执行长（尚书左仆射），谢安（晋帝国宰相）当国务院文官部长（吏部尚书），桓冲（晋帝国车骑将军）当高级咨询官（侍中）。情势至为顺利，大军即可班师，有关机关可先在京师（首都长安）给他们兴建住宅。”家世清白子弟，自带战马报到的，多达三万余人。苻坚命秦州州政府（设上邽）主任秘书（主簿）赵盛之当帝国青年远征军司令官（少年都统）。当时，政府官员都反对苻坚御驾亲征，只有慕容垂、姚苌跟青年远征军将士，一致赞成。阳平公苻融对苻坚说：“鲜卑、西羌，是我们的世仇，一直在盼望时局突然发生变化，加以利用，达到他们的目的。他们贡献的策略，怎么可以听从？青年远征军战士更都是一群富家子弟，不懂军事，只会信口开河，随便奉承，只求迎合陛下的意思。陛下对他们却十分信任，轻率的发动如此重大的军事行动，我恐怕不但难以成功，反而还有大患，后悔不及。”苻坚不理。 八月二日，苻坚命阳平公苻融督促张蚝、慕容垂等，率步骑兵混合兵团二十五万人充当前锋。任命兖州州长姚苌当龙骧将军、益梁军区司令官（督益梁州诸军事）。苻坚对姚苌说：“从前，我以龙骧将军的身份，建立大业（苻坚发动政变时，是龙骧将军；参考三五七年六月），从不轻率地加授给别人，你要好好勉励。”左将军窦冲说：“君王不可以说开玩笑的话，这是不祥的征兆。”苻坚沉默不语。 慕容楷、慕容绍对慕容垂说：“主上（苻坚）骄傲自大，已到了极点。叔父为燕国（前燕帝国）建立中兴大业，就看这次战役！”慕容垂说：“不错，但是如果没有你们，也不能完成。” 八月八日，苻坚从首都长安出发，亲率武装部队步兵六十余万、骑兵二十七万，旌旗招展，战鼓动地，前后连绵一千里。 九月，苻坚进抵项城（河南省沈丘县），凉州（河西走廊·甘肃省中部西部）部队才到咸阳（陕西省咸阳市）；巴蜀（重庆市和四川省）、汉中（陕西省南部）部队才顺流而下；幽、冀两州（河北省）部队才到彭城（江苏省徐州市）。东西相距一万里，各路大军，分别由水陆两道同时并进，运输粮秣的船舶，多达一万余艘。阳平公苻融等率军三十万人，先行抵达颍口（颍水注入淮河处·安徽省颍上县东南正阳关）。 晋帝司马昌明下诏任命国务院执行长（尚书仆射）谢石当征虏将军、全国征剿总司令官（征讨大都督），任命徐、兖二州（州政府设广陵）州长谢玄当前锋司令官（前锋都督），跟辅国将军谢琰、西翼警卫指挥官（西中郎将）桓伊等共率武装部队八万人，抵抗前秦帝国入侵。先行派龙骧将军胡彬率水上部队五千人，乘船舰援救寿阳（安徽省寿县）。谢琰，是谢安的儿子。 此时，前秦帝国声势浩大，晋帝国首都（建康）震动恐惧。前锋司令官谢玄临出发前，向谢安请示机宜；谢安态度恬静，回答说：“我会另行下达命令。”可是事实上并没有任何另行下达的命令。谢玄不敢多言，命部将张玄再去请示；谢安不作回答，只吩咐准备车马，然后前往郊外山林别墅，跟亲戚朋友聚在一起。谢安就用别墅作为赌注，跟谢玄下棋，谢安的棋艺本来不如谢玄，但当天对弈时，谢玄忧惧不安，双方竟然下成平手，后来更转平手为失利。下过棋，谢安又起身游山玩水，到深夜才回。远在西方的车骑将军、荆州州长桓冲，对中央政府的安危深为担心，派精锐部队三千人，前来参与保卫京师（首都建康）。谢安坚决不肯接受，说：“政府已有妥善的计划，武器和军队都不缺少，派来的部队应留下来加强西方防务。”桓冲对他的参谋官员等叹息说：“谢安有宰相度量，但是不懂军事。大敌初来，他却忙着去游山玩水，闭门清谈，派一些没有人生经验的年轻人去作战！而双方兵力又悬殊过大，帝国的结局，已清楚的摆到面前，我终于要穿左边开襟的衣服了（夷族衣襟开在左边）。” 5、晋帝国命琅邪王司马道子主管国务院六项事务（录尚书六条事）。 6、冬季，十月，前秦帝国阳平公苻融等开始进攻寿阳。 十月十八日，前秦攻克寿阳，俘虏晋帝国守将、平虏将军徐元喜等。苻融任命他的军事参议官（参军）河南郡（河南省洛阳市东白马寺东）人郭褒当淮南郡（郡政府寿阳）郡长。在西方战场，慕容垂攻陷郧城（江夏郡郡政府所在县·湖北省安陆市）。晋帝国龙骧将军胡彬听说寿阳陷落，退到硖石（安徽省凤台县南）。苻融遂攻硖石。前秦帝国首都卫戍司令（卫将军）梁成等，率军五万人，沿洛涧（淮河支流，流经安徽省淮南市东）布防，在淮河构筑阻挠工事，遏止从东方来的晋帝国援军。晋帝国征剿总司令官谢石、前锋司令官谢玄等挺进到洛涧东方二十五里处，畏惧梁成军势，不敢前进。而这时，困守在硖石的胡彬军粮食已完，派人秘密报告谢石等，说：“现在，盗贼（前秦帝国）势力正盛，我们粮食又尽，恐怕此生难再相见。”（情至悲切！）前秦巡逻部队把密使捕获，押送给阳平公苻融。苻融派骑兵飞快报告苻坚，说：“盗贼人数不多，很容易对付，唯一害怕的是他们逃跑无踪，我们应立即发动攻击。”苻坚大喜过望，把大军留在项城，自己只率轻装备骑兵八千人，日夜不停，奔赴寿阳，跟苻融会合。一面派国务院财政部长（度支尚书）朱序前往游说谢石等，警告他：“强弱相差太大，不如早早归降。”朱序暗中提醒谢石：“秦国百万大军如果全部到达，事实上难以抵抗。现在应该在他们大军还没有集结完成之前，发动攻击，如果能打败前锋，也可以摧挫他们的士气，进一步再把他们完全击破。” 谢石听说苻坚已到寿阳，大为恐惧，打算不作正面冲突，只用阻截战术，把前秦帝国大军困得丧失斗志。辅国将军谢琰劝谢石接受朱序的建议。 一月，谢玄派广陵郡（江苏省扬州市）郡长（相）刘牢之率精锐部队五千人，直抵洛涧，距洛涧还有十里，梁成在洛涧两岸已集结阵势等待。刘牢之勇往直前，面对敌阵，强行渡过洛涧，登岸后纵兵攻击，大破前秦军，斩梁成和弋阳郡（河南省潢川县）郡长王詠；又派出一支部队，切断前秦军向淮河以北逃亡的退路；前秦步骑兵一时崩溃，纷纷跳入淮河，士卒死亡的达—万五千人；扬州（州政府设下邳）州长王显等，被晋军俘虏，武器辎重，全部丧失。于是，谢石等各军水陆并进。前秦帝国天王苻坚跟阳平公苻融，登上寿阳城楼眺望，看到晋军军容严整；又眺望八公山，认为山上的草木，都是晋帝国的军队（八公山，安徽省寿县东北五千米，中隔肥水，传说：西汉王朝淮南王刘安崇拜神仙，忽然有八个老汉，眉毛和头发全都雪白，登门求见，门房说：“我们王爷喜爱长生不老，而八位先生却老成这个样子，我不敢通报。”八个老汉突然变成八个儿童；刘安特在山上立庙祭祀，称此山为八公山。又一传说是：庙里供奉的是刘安的八位老友，如：左吴、朱骄、伍被、雷被等）。对苻融说：“这也是强敌，怎么能说他们既弱且少！”怅然若失，面上露出担心神色。 前秦帝国大军在肥水（东淝河）西岸，严阵以待，晋军在肥水东岸停住，不能前进。前锋司令官谢玄派人晋见阳平公苻融，说：“阁下孤军深入，却紧靠河边构筑阵地，这是计划长期抵抗，不是计划速战速决。如果贵国大军稍稍向后撤退，使我们渡过肥水，一决胜负，岂不是更好的策略？”前秦所有将领都反对后撤，说：“我们人多，他们人少，只要守住河防，阻止他们前进，我们就万分安全。”苻坚说：“我们不妨稍稍后撤，使晋军渡河，等他们渡过一半时，我们放出铁骑冲刺，就地屠杀，没有不大胜之理。”苻融同意，遂指挥大军稍稍退却，让出肥水西岸地带，容纳渡河的晋军。前秦大军遂向后移动，再想不到，一退不可遏止。晋帝国将领谢玄、谢琰、桓伊等率军渡过肥水，猛烈攻击。苻融骑马奔驰，发号施令，打算对惊慌成一团的混乱情势恢复控制；然而，马匹忽然倒地，被追击的晋军斩杀。主帅既死，前秦大军遂像雪崩一样，霎时瓦解，士卒四散逃亡。谢玄等乘胜追击，直追到青冈（寿县西十五千米）。前秦大军互相践踏而死的尸体，满山遍野，阻塞河川。逃跑中的将士，听到风吹鹤叫，都认为晋帝国的追兵赶到，于是昼夜不停地逃命，不敢走大路，穿过荒郊、踏过野草，不敢进入人家，只敢露天而宿。再加上饥饿、寒冷，死亡的占十分之七八（苻融统军三十万，死十分之七八，是二十一万至二十四万，可怕的悲剧）。最初，前秦大军稍稍向后移动时，朱序在阵后大声呼喊：“秦军败了！”前秦大军才开始狂奔。朱序遂跟张天锡（参考三七六年八月）、徐元喜（参考本年十月十八日）投奔晋帝国。晋军俘获苻坚所乘的云母车，夺回寿阳，俘虏前秦帝国任命的淮南郡（郡政府寿阳）郡长郭褒。 Bo Yang said: 敌前撤退，是一项危险的行动，军队必须有严格的训练。公元前七世纪城濮（山东省鄄城县西南）战役时，曾有过“退避三舍”的壮举，春秋时代周王朝的封国之晋国军队，在楚王国强大兵力之前，撤退二十五千米，撤退过程中，楚军尾追不舍，但始终不敢突击。晋国国君姬重耳从高处下望，看到他的军队在虎口下秩序井然，感慨说：“这都是元帅郤榖的功劳，有这样的军队，任何敌人都能克服。” 现在，一千零十五年后，前秦帝国三十万人的强大兵团，也敌前撤退，而且是在一种绝对优势下，诱敌深入的谋略撤退。敌人既弱又少，更隔了一条使敌人不能立即发动攻击的肥水，天经地义的，应该十分安闲，从容不迫。可是前秦帝国虽然猛将如云，却少一个像郤縠那样的统帅人才。我们揣测，苻坚这个退却命令下达后，全军同时行动，乱哄哄的变成排山倒海般的狂奔，以致失去控制。在军令体制下，苻坚的命令只对一个人有效，那就是前锋总司令官苻融，将士们必须进一步等待苻融的命令。而大军竟没有等到最后命令，就开始行动，并且一听有人高喊败了，就真的认为败了。这种军队，不像是前秦帝国征服前燕帝国、前凉王国以及征服代国时所用的训练有素的劲旅。 这就是中国历史上著名的“肥水战役”，其实，并没有“战”，而只有“役”。前秦帝国不是战败，而是退败。我们固然可以在事过之后，在前秦帝国内部找到必败的原因。但无论事前或事后，在晋帝国内部，却找不到必胜的原因，反而找到必败的原因。谢安的装腔作势，不过是殷浩、谢万等模子浇出来的产品。然而，晋帝国终于胜了，使人叹息即令是国家巨变，或者在致千万人于死的战争中，都受命运的影响。至少，晋帝国靠命运女神的青睐，得以不亡。一种不能预见、不能想象的冲击介入，产生连锁反应，使历史的巨轮转向。赤壁战役使中国的大一统延缓七十年，肥水战役使中国的大一统延缓两个世纪。在这延缓的期间，战争更酷，屠杀更多。 7、前秦帝国天王苻坚身被流箭射中，单人匹马，逃到淮河北岸，饥饿难忍，乡民有人送来一壶泡饭（用热汤泡的稻米饭）和一盘猪脚肉；苻坚吃毕，赏赐给他绸锻十匹、棉花十斤。那人拒绝说：“陛下不安于享乐，却亲自追求危险，我是陛下的子民，陛下是我的君父，哪有儿子奉养老爹，却希望回报！”不肯接受而去（自己是“子民”，君王是“君父”的思想，四世纪时，已经深入民间，距儒家定于一尊之日，凡五百年）。苻坚对张夫人说：“我今天还有什么面目治理天下？”泪流满面。 当时，前秦兵团全部崩溃，只有冠军将军慕容垂所率的三万人仍然完整（慕容垂不久前才攻克郧城），苻坚率一千余骑兵，投奔慕容垂大营。慕容垂世子慕容宝向老爹建议说：“自从国家（前燕帝国）覆亡，天命人心，都归属于你，只因时机没有成熟，不得不暂时隐藏心头。而今苻坚大军溃败，把身家性命都交给我们，是上天把他赐下，使我们得以复国。机会不可丧失，千万不要怀念他对我们那一点小小的恩惠，而忘了我们对国家神坛所负的重责大任。”慕容垂说：“你说得对，然而，他一片诚心，坦坦荡荡，把身家性命交付给我，怎么能做出谋杀的事！上天如果弃绝他，不必担心他不亡。不如保护他，用以回报他过去对我们的恩德，慢慢的寻找机会，再实施我们的计划。既不辜负我们报恩本心，而且还可以堂堂皇皇，取得天下。”奋威将军慕容德说：“秦国强盛，吞并燕国；秦国衰弱，我们起来打它的主意，这只是报仇雪耻，并不是忘恩负义。老哥为什么得到他却不接受，白白把数万精兵交给别人！”慕容垂说：“我从前受到太傅（慕容评）的迫害，没有立足之地，为了逃