Chapter 27 8. The policy change from "Never reject those who come, and never pursue those who go" to "Annihilation against fate"

Although, under Zhu Yuanzhang's Huairou policy, many Mongolian officials and people surrendered to the Ming Dynasty, and there were even Tartar officials in the bureaucracy and Tartar troops in the army; However, on the whole, the three tribes of Mongolian Tatar, Oala, and Wuliangha were not formally placed under the rule of the Ming Dynasty.The Ming people said: "Cheng Zu ruled the world with martial arts, and wanted to control all directions." He would not ignore the Mongolian forces that refused to submit.However, at the beginning of Zhu Di’s accession to the throne, there was a lot of waste to be done, and the various Mongolian ministries in disputes could not pose a threat to the Ming Dynasty for a while. Therefore, Zhu Di’s policy towards Mongolia in the early Yongle period was mainly to be soft and defensive. , which is the so-called "don't reject those who come, and don't chase after who go".Anyone who comes to surrender will be accepted with courtesy, and those who do not want to return or return and rebel will not force it.

In December of the thirty-fifth year of Hongwu (the fourth year of Jianwen, 1402), "Those who surrendered and rebelled in border areas, He Fu, the commander-in-chief of Ningxia, please raise your troops to pursue them." Zhu Di said, "But the current imperial court generally , When treating it with sincerity.The way of controlling the barbarians in the Spring and Autumn Period is not to reject those who come, but not to pursue those who go.Since his coming is of no benefit to me, his going is also of no concern!What's more, there are many people of the same kind, and there must be relatives among them. If you use soldiers to fight against rebellion, those who have not rebelled will also be suspicious.If you don't want to let him go, but strictly prepare your troops, solidify the frontiers, raise your prestige and watch provocations, and act in accordance with the sky.If you make a mistake, you will regret it. "

Regarding the use of troops outside the border, Zhu Di also cited Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty as a warning.He said: "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used military force to fight against Di Di, and the power of the Han family was exhausted. Although a good horse was obtained at that time, how could it be enough to pay for China's eventual expenses? I rest in the world today, and I only hope that the time and the years will be prosperous, and the people will be peaceful. .As for the barbarians, if you think about it, you must be prepared, and you will not disturb yourself in order to stop harming the people."

It can be seen that at this time Zhu Di was very cautious about using troops outside the border, and his decision-making was obviously constrained by his strength. Since it is not possible to submit to the tribes of Tatar and Wala for a while, then the only way to do so is to seek a good relationship with them first.As soon as Zhu Di came to the throne, he sent envoys to Helin to give orders to the chiefs of various ministries.In the first year of Yongle (1403), the Mongolian tribes promoted Guilichi as Khan.Zhu Di sent an envoy to pay his respects, and said: "It is better to hear that Khan was promoted to the throne in the north, and the special envoy commanded Duoer to wait in a trance to weave the four ends of the golden Wenqi to express my wishes. Today's Dading will be celebrated both at home and abroad. Come to pay tribute. The Khan can send envoys to communicate with each other, and the same family, so that the border towns are tens of thousands of miles away without police, and each other is peaceful, sharing the blessing of peace, wouldn’t it be beautiful!"

This Guilichi Khan cannot actually control the divided Mongolia, especially the Oala tribe in western Mongolia.Zhu Di admitted that Guilichi's right to rule over the whole of Mongolia was also limited by the fact that his power could not extend northward.But Zhu Di didn't want to control Mongolia. In the second year of Yongle, he sent envoys to Oala and other places to try to win without a fight.He told the leaders of Wala Mahamu, Taiping, Batu Polo and Helin, etc.: "I inherit the destiny of heaven to rule the people, but I rule with the body and mind, and treat them equally at home and abroad. Today, the bottom line is set, and there are no exceptions in the four directions and all countries. When I came to the court, all of them have been generously appeased and appeased, and persuaded Xin to be grateful. However, the tribes in the north are still waiting to see the advance and retreat. The world is unified, and the Huayi family, why is there any relationship between them? If you send people to get along with each other, I will give you official rewards, and now you will return to the local area to hunt, hunt and livestock, live and work in peace and contentment, and enjoy the blessing of peace forever."

When we compare the two edicts in the first year of Yongle and the second year of Yongle, we will find contradictions.Since Zhu Di recognized Guilichi as the Khan of Mongolia and asked for a good relationship, he should not send the leaders of Wala and Helin and other places to return to the Ming court; on the contrary, he asked the leaders of Wala and Helin to return to the Ming court , is the unfriendliness to its Khan.Zhu Di's implementation of such contradictory policies reflects his embarrassing situation and ambivalence.He hoped to rule the whole Mongolia and be the ruler of Huayi, but he had no power; he sent the Mongolian Khan Guilichi to ask for a good relationship, but he was not sincere, because he had the heart of submitting to Mongolia.This contradictory policy made it impossible for him to handle the relationship with Guilichi well, and Guilichi and others could clearly see Zhu Di's scheming.In addition, it can be concluded that once Zhu Di believed that his power was strong enough to submit to Mongolia, he would abandon this contradictory policy.

Zhu Di sent his envoy to Gui Lichi again and again, but Gui Lichi did not express anything, but repeatedly rumored that Gui Lichi had the intention to invade the border.Zhu Di was very alert to this.In Gengshen in May of the third year of Yongle, Chahan Daluhua, the leader of the Tatars, sent people to join the Ming Dynasty, making people say that ghost power was seen in the land of Bulutun.Zhu Di recalled that not long ago there was a report in Shanxi that there was a fire in Yunnei and Tiancheng Xiaojian Mountain, so he predicted that "this must be a ghost force sending people to target me."He ordered Wucheng Hou Wangcong and Tong'an Hou Huozhen to patrol the north and said: "You can send elites to spy on their movements closely. If they come to Kaiping, they will set up an ambush to attack them." Zhu Di repeatedly learned about Mongolia's movements through various channels, and Make the soldiers and horses on the edge step up their defenses.In February of the fourth year of Yongle, Bingzi, Zhu Di wrote to Zhao Wang Zhu Gaosui: "Sun Cheng of Xiaoqi escaped from captivity and returned. Seeing ghost Lichi Arutai Ye Suntai went southeast. It is unknown where the bandits came to plunder the border. Er quickly dispatched people to report to Zheng Heng, Marquis of Wu'an, etc., and ordered the strong wall to clear the fields. From Heiyu, Chefang to Yutai, the pass was closed, and those who could block it would block it. Guard and plow, but when the bandits come, they will use their own devices. Erju guards Beijing, and all frontier affairs should be taken care of.” He also ordered Wang Cong, Marquis of Wucheng, and Huozhen, Marquis of Tong’an, to lead the soldiers to Xinghe and Zheng Heng, Marquis of Wu’an, to prepare for the imperial guards, and ordered the General Army of Gansu Song Sheng, Marquis of Xining, "trained soldiers and horses, fortified the city to wait for it, and nothing was taken by captives."

In the third month of Xinchou in the fourth year of Yongle, Zhu Di dispatched commanders Ha Xian and Qianhu Huo'er Huoer Huoer Ahulai to write a letter and then instruct Tatar Khan Guilichi, whose tone was much tougher than before. Heir to the Heavenly Throne to caress the world, embodying the Heavenly Mind to govern the world, but wanting all living beings in all directions to find their place.Today, people from all over the world have surrendered and enjoyed peace.I sent an envoy to write a letter to Khan, saying that it is advisable to have good contacts and be a family, but the Khan did not meet, and my envoys were arrested to plunder our borders, so as to prevent them from teaching.Who can achieve what the sky prospers; who can lift what the sky destroys?In the past, Heaven ordered Song to rule the world. After more than ten generations, Heaven hated its virtue and ordered Yuan Shizu Emperor to replace it.After the Yuan Dynasty, the heavens hated it again, and ordered my Taizu Emperor to rule the world.It's all destiny, it's beyond human power!Otherwise, since Aiyou Shili Dara moved northward in the later generations of Yuan Dynasty, there have been seven Khans. Have the people of the land ever gained anything?In ancient times, it was said that those who follow the sky will prosper, and those who go against the sky will perish. What's more, the armor never leaves the body, the bow and knives never let go, and they move from east to west.What a crime!The Khan is clever and extraordinary, he should respect the destiny, sympathize with the poor, return the envoys sent before and those who looted to the border, make peace with each other, and use peace to rest everyone, and share the blessings of peace, it is not great!If you have a stubborn nature and don't care about the poverty of destiny, you must want to use soldiers to compete for victory and defeat, and I can't be alone.Chinese soldiers and horses are strong, and the momentum of long-term driving and swift sweeping is probably not supported by the Khan.Khan did it according to his judgment.Wen Qi expresses my intentions both outwardly and inwardly.

On Renchen in October of the fifth year of Yongle, Zhu Di once again sent a letter to Gui Lichi: "The former envoy sent a letter to the Khan. This dynasty has a good relationship, and the sharing of peace is to detain the trustworthy ministers and not report. Today, I will send another hundred households to wait for interrogation." The reason is that the opportunity of misfortune and good fortune is manifested in heaven, but Khan saves it." However, this letter still has not been reported. At this time, the Mongolian Tatars and Wala were fighting endlessly.Khan Guilichi was actually under the control of the Tatar leader Alutai and was used as a tool to call on the various tribes of Mongolia.But because of ghost power red "non-yuan species". "His minister refused to go down."

At the same time, the forces of Yuan Yi Ben Ya's loss of face are on the rise.Ben Yashili, also known as Wanzhetu, lived in exile in the Timur Empire and lived in Samarkand.The Mongolian Wuliangha tribe who came to the court reported to the Ming court that Benya lost Li and wanted to lead his soldiers to plunder southward with Bie Shibali.Although Bousha is far away in the northwest, and it is said that Benya Shili has no more than a hundred subordinates, but as a descendant of his origin, he must have considerable appeal, and Zhu Di must not take it lightly.There is also news that Mongolia will send people to "welcome him".Therefore, in Jiazi, the first month of the sixth year of Yongle, he sent the eunuch Wang An to Bieshabali to spy on his whereabouts. At the same time, he ordered He Fu, the commander-in-chief of Gansu Province, to send people to Hami in the name of buying horses to spy on Benya's whereabouts.In March Xinyou, Zhu Di sent an envoy to write a letter to Ben Ya, and advised him not to think about his share.

Liu Timur, the Prime Minister of Honglu Temple, didn't wait to come back, knowing that you had escaped from Samarkand and lived in a distance of eight miles. Now Guilichi is waiting to welcome you to the north.According to my calculation, Guilichi and Yesun Taiwen are close relatives from the bottom of their hearts, they depend on each other for a long time.Although there are those who follow you, how dare you make a difference with them?Now you and Guilichi are at odds!Husband and Yuan Yun have come to an end, and since Emperor Shun, the love has been passed on from Shili Dala to Kun Timur, six generations have passed in a short time, and no one has ever heard of a person who died well.This can also test the way of heaven.However, it is not easy for you to protect yourself.The way to go is to examine the good places in detail.In ancient times, all those who existed in the world were conferred with noble land by the grandsons of the former emperors and princes, so that they could inherit the ancestors. For example, after Zhou enfeoffed Shun, Hu Gongman was in Chen; Yu Song.The Han, Tang and Song dynasties were also enshrined as the descendants of the previous dynasties.My emperor’s examination of the Taizu Emperor Gao gave the descendants of the Yuan family a thicker insurance fund. Those who came and went will be ordered to return to the north. For example, Gusi Timur was sent back. Later, the Khan led the people and inherited his ancestors. , this is well known by people from the north and the south.My heart today is the heart of the Emperor Kao and the heart of the ancient emperors. Eryuan's lineage should be enshrined in the world. There are two ways of good and bad, so it is advisable to think about it.If you can come and return, you will be knighted and rewarded generously.Let's choose a good place to live near the fortress, but you can do whatever you want.If you are confused by the servants and try to support the false name, although the disaster is ahead and you have no time to take care of it, it is just what you want.The sincerity of my lover is the same as that of Yuri, and now I will send Liu Timur Buhua and other orders, and give two gold wenqi clothes, four colored coins, and you will judge them. Zhu Di's imperial edict naturally failed to prevent Benya from losing his way. The temptation of power and position is extremely powerful.But there is one thing that Zhu Di said, that Guilichi and Benya are irreconcilable, and Guilichi is the one who suffers first.In the twelfth month of the sixth year of Yongle, news came from Mongolia that Benya had lost his face and killed Guilichi.The killing of Guilichi may not be all because of his "non-original species". It is also unknown whether there is a legend that "Guilichi wants to belong to him but is not resolved" is related to his killing. Ben Yashili is ambitious, and even wants to restore the Great Yuan Empire.Zhu Di was forced to accept the fact that Ben Yashili was established as Khan.In March of the seventh year of Yongle, Zhu Di sent both Jinta Buai and Guo Ji as envoys to Tatar. Guo Ji had been an envoy to the Timurid Khanate, and it is likely that he had lost his acquaintance with Benya. Zhu Di said in the letter: At the same time, Tie Mu'er, the subordinate of Deer's subordinates, and other twenty-two people came, and the crowd had already promoted you as Khan, and you wanted to send an envoy to the south to communicate with you. I am very happy.Today, the capital is sent to command Jinta Buxie, and to write letters to Guo Ji and others in the matter.Khan can sincerely obey the heart of heaven, observe personnel, mission exchanges, and reconcile with each other. My lord China, Khan lords the desert, and we will always live in peace with each other. Isn't it beautiful!The color coins are used inside and outside to express my intentions. When I finish them, Timur and others I think that they have parents and wives, and they will all be rewarded so that the envoys will send them back, which can reflect my sincerity. In the imperial edict, Zhu Di stated that he had no intention of surrendering to Ben Ya and was willing to sit on an equal footing with him.He returned the twenty-two people who had been obtained by the side generals, and also gave gifts to his ministers, Arutai and others, which can be said to be the most sincere. However, the facts are not as simple and beautiful as Zhu Di's letter said.Zhu Di was still in frequent contact with the Oala tribe of Mongolia while he was trying to make good friends with Benya. In October of the sixth year of Yongle, Zhu Di received the envoys of Oara Mahamu and others in Bingzi, and in May of the seventh year he was granted the title of Oara Maha The wood is the Lord of Shunning, the doctor of Ziguanglu, a special Jinjin.Taiping is the king of Xianyi, and Tu Poluo is the king of Anle, and he is granted a seal.Since Ben Yashili was called Khan, and he made an appointment with the "Khan Lord Desert", why did he also designate his ministers as kings?Besides, since Benya Shili is a descendant of the Yuan Dynasty, he considers himself the heir of his ancestor and brother, how can his ambition be confined to the desert?Ben Ya Shili knew very well how sincere Zhu Di was.He would never accept the range Zhu Di set for him.Moreover, it was mainly the Tatar leader who welcomed Benya and lost his way, and Oirat was incompatible with him. Zhu Di made the Oirat leader king, which would only bring resentment to the Tatar leader.Sure enough, Ben Yashili and others rejected Zhu Di's request. At the end of the sixth month of the seventh year of Yongle, Baihu Li Yaozhu and Tatar Bolan brought news from Mobei that Guo Ji had been killed during the incident.At that time, Arutai in Benya Shili was defeated by Wala and lived in Luqu River.Zhu Di couldn't bear such an insult, and said angrily: "I treat him with sincerity and send envoys back to his subordinates, but he is determined to kill the envoys, wanting to plunder wantonly, dare to act like this? Those who disobey fate will wipe out their ears!" He is determined to use force to eradicate the rebellious bandits. Since then, Zhu Di's policy towards Mongolia has undergone a major change, from "go and don't pursue" to "kill against fate".From then on, he exhausted his energy to wipe out the bandits who "rebelled against fate", until he died on the way back from the Northern Expedition to Mongolia. On the surface, it seems that Zhu Di was enduring again and again, and decided to use force when he failed to make peace. In fact, there are deeper internal reasons for Zhu Di's change in Mongolian policy.First of all, the domestic situation in the Ming Dynasty is far from comparable to that when Zhu Di came to the throne. Political resistance has largely subsided, and social order has stabilized. In addition, the war in Annan began in the fourth year of Yongle and ended in the fifth year of Yongle. The Ming court set up a county in Annan. In the county, Li Jili and Li Cang, who usurped and killed the rebels, have offered to capture the capital.Zhu Di has been able to free up his strength to turn his gaze to the north.It was in June of the seventh year of Yongle that Zhu Di said that "those who rebel against fate will be wiped out" were in June of the seventh year of Yongle, and in March of this year Zhu Di had already come to Beijing from Nanjing.Could it be that Zhu Di's trip to the north is just to visit his flying land?Did he already have a plan for using troops in the north, and Mr. Ben and Tian Qing said: "During this period, in April, if Guo Ji and others were sent to Mongolia as envoys, if it was not for the hope that the edict would be effective in case of luck, it would be just In order to obtain an excuse to send troops." It is certain that Zhu Di has already made the decision to send troops, but the evidence for this is not enough.However, we can see from Zhu Di's northern tour, camping the mountain mausoleum, making Wala Mahamu the king, and pardoning the crimes of the soldiers who helped him calm the disaster and the people of Beijing. It can be said that Zhu Di's use of troops to make Mongolia surrender has been brewing for a long time. In July of the seventh year of Yongle, Zhu Di took Qiu Fu, the Duke of Qi, as the general who conquered the captives, and led an army of 100,000 to conquer the Tatars.In August, Qiu Fu was defeated and the whole army was wiped out. "Ming Shi Lu" and other books believed that Qiu Fu had made a mistake in command, and said that when Qiu Fu said goodbye, Zhu Di had given him a strategy, and Qiu Fu had betrayed Zhu Di's orders before the battle.This is obviously Zhu Di's excuse. The root cause of the Ming army's failure lies in Zhu Di's underestimation of the enemy.Only one month after Guo Ji was killed, Zhu Di ordered an army of 100,000 to march hastily. It is obvious that he was not prepared enough.At that time in Dading, the economy had recovered, and the Ming army had won new victories in Annan. Zhu Difang underestimated the power of the "remnant captives" of the Tatars when he was complacent.His emotions probably also infected Qiu Fu.Tan Qian, a historian in the early Qing Dynasty, said: "At the beginning of Benya's loss, the hearts of the people were not attached, and the Hus followed one after another. It is said that a defeated captive can be bound by a ruler. Therefore, Duke Qi swung his sword without any frontier, and destroyed this imperial food. In the dust-boiling sky, I donated 100,000 armors to fill the coffin, but it is still not blocked. Sigh, the bees are poisonous, and the situation is very fishy. Shang (Zhu Di) was in the hidden residence, counting the northern part of the Great Wall, and then the Yinshan Mountain was broken. Shepherd for more than ten years. Soldiers change from time to time, and the past should not be judged." Zhu Di miscalculated the situation and was responsible for this failure. Complacent, Zhu Di wants to boast to the people of the country with "the four barbarians come to court" and "the world is one family", but the envoy is killed, and his fate will be defeated.The proud Ming emperor could not bear such a huge humiliation, and he must not allow potential political opponents to peek in the dark.In order to preserve the dignity, there is only one choice, to conquer personally, and you must win!